Journal articles: 'Exile (punishment) in Literature'

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Ahmed, Tahmina. "From Exile to a Global Citizen." Spectrum 17 (November 30, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/spectrum.v17i1.68995.

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In ancient Greek literature and Indian epics, Mahabharata and Ramayana, exile or banishment is depicted as a punishment meted out for sins and crimes committed by humans, whether knowingly or unknowingly. Gradually, from individual/ group punishment, exile evolved into mass exodus resulting from war, conquests and other conflicts. All forms of exiles suffer from the pain and sorrow of leaving behind one’s homeland and belongings. Consequently, the literature produced by exiled poets and writers are filled with nostalgia and agonizing memories. However, over the years, other concerns related to their new lives gain prominence in their writings. This paper attempts to trace the journey of exiles from the past to the present and move towards the future in the writings of diasporic writers of different decades. This paper will focus on the works of V.S. Naipaul, Monica Ali, Zia Haider Rahman and Tarfia Faizullah to discover the newer trends emerging in their texts. V.S. Naipaul’s A House for Mr Biswas (1961) is the epitome of the diasporic writer’s attempt to understand his past in relation to his present. The ownership of a house in the new country is like staking a claim to belong to that country, and Mr. Biswas is desperate to do so. On the other hand, Monical Ali’s Brick Lane, published at the turn of the century, deals with a husband and wife negotiating the difficulties of belonging to a new society. Zia Haider Rahman and Tarfia Faizullah belong to the next group of diaspora writers, who are second generation immigrants growing up in a new land no longer ‘foreign’ to them. The protagonist of Rahman’s novel in The Light of What We Know (2014) successfully confronts problems and complications to ‘belong’ and ‘become’ a British citizen. Tarfia Faizullah, a young Bangladeshi-American poet, uses the history of the War of Independence of Bangladesh to align it with other similar universal discourse of genocide. It appears that figuratively, the exiled writer has now arrived at an acceptable point where s/he is flying out as a global citizen. This transformation of diasporic writers from the periphery to the centre as globally read figures has given rise to the concept of transnationalism. Spectrum, Volume 17, June 2022: 1-11

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Pianca, Marina. "The Latin American Theatre of Exile." Theatre Research International 14, no. 2 (1989): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300006143.

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It is not surprising that the ancient republics allowed the condemned to escape death through flight. Exile did not seem to them a softer sentence than death. Roman jurisprudence also called it capital punishment.

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Rodionov, Aleksey, Andrey Skiba, and Mihail Voronin. "Public-private partnership in the penitentiary sphere: some directions of development." Penal law 18, no. 1 (September 22, 2023): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33463/2687-122x.2023.18(1-4).1.010-023.

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Based on the study of penal enforcement and other legislation, scientific literature, as well as the practice of execution of punishments in Russia and abroad, the article formulates a number of directions for the development of public-private partnership in the penitentiary sphere. Particular emphasis is placed on the «denationalization» of the organization of the execution of punishments, including taking into account its economic efficiency, the expediency of achieving the correction of convicts mainly through their involvement in labor and social impact, resuscitation of exile as a type of punishment. It is proposed to develop a concept of interaction of the penal enforcement system with the business community, public and other non-governmental organizations.

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Giusti, Elena. "TIRESIAS, OVID, GENDER AND TROUBLE: GENERIC CONVERSIONS FROMARSINTOTRISTIA." Ramus 47, no. 1 (June 2018): 27–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rmu.2018.5.

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The brief story of Tiresias’ punishment in the third book of Ovid'sMetamorphoses(Met. 3.316–38) becomes a privileged site for mapping the different ways readers can reinterpret episodes of the poem in the light of the rest of Ovid's corpus. Tiresias, the first humanuatesof the poem, who is punished with blindness for voicing what he should have kept silent, can be included among those punished artists who double the poet in theMetamorphoses: while Tiresias is condemned for having voiced his knowledge of both sexes, Ovid is exiled for giving amatory advice to, and therefore knowing, both men and women. Thus the Tiresias episode reads as a pendant to that of Actaeon in the same book (the latter explicitly likened to Ovid's fate inTristia2.103–8), with the pair suggesting a veiled allegory of thecarmenanderrorthat caused Ovid's exile.

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Baker, Nicholas Scott. "For Reasons of State: Political Executions, Republicanism, and the Medici in Florence, 1480–1560." Renaissance Quarterly 62, no. 2 (2009): 444–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/599867.

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AbstractPrior to the late fifteenth century in Florence, the losers of political conflicts routinely faced exile as punishment for their perceived crimes. Following the Pazzi conspiracy of 1478, however, such political criminals increasingly received death sentences rather than banishment. This article explores how the changing nature of punishment for political crimes in Renaissance Florence from the fifteenth to the sixteenth centuries can be read as a barometer of political change in the city. It examines the relationship between the growing number of political executions and the long transformation of Florence from a republic to a principality, with reference to the broader context of fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Italy.

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Alfonzo, Bruno D. "El fratricidio: antecedentes épicos y derivaciones trágicas de un tópico resemantizado en la figura del exilio edípico en Fenicias de Eurípides." Nova Tellus 39, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 45–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.nt.2021.39.1.27543.

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The following work deals with fratricide as a topic in Western culture and its role in literature from the different approaches in modern times. The paper focuses on the delimitation of the topic within Greek literature through the evolution of Oedipus’ offspring’, from Archaic Greek epic to tragedy. Thus, it starts contrasting the mythical elements that both, epic and tragedy, display as a support of each story. My hypothesis is fratricide of Eteocles and Polynices becomes a punishment to Oedipus through his exile, and that its consummation is in Euripides’ Phoenissae, which I conclude through a comparative study of the sources.

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De Vito, Christian G., Clare Anderson, and Ulbe Bosma. "Transportation, Deportation and Exile: Perspectives from the Colonies in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries." International Review of Social History 63, S26 (June 12, 2018): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859018000196.

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AbstractThe essays in this volume provide a new perspective on the history of convicts and penal colonies. They demonstrate that the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were a critical period in the reconfiguration of empires, imperial governmentality, and punishment, including through extensive punitive relocation and associated extractive labour. Ranging across the global contexts of Africa, Asia, Australasia, Japan, the Americas, the Pacific, Russia, and Europe, and exploring issues of criminalization, political repression, and convict management alongside those of race, gender, space, and circulation, this collection offers a perspective from the colonies that radically transforms accepted narratives of the history of empire and the history of punishment. In this introduction, we argue that a colony-centred perspective reveals that, during a critical period in world history, convicts and penal colonies created new spatial hierarchies, enabled the incorporation of territories into spheres of imperial influence, and forged new connections and distinctions between “metropoles” and “colonies”. Convicts and penal colonies enabled the formation of expansive and networked global configurations and processes, a factor hitherto unappreciated in the literature.

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Belova, N. A. "PUNISHMENT OF WOMEN NARODNIKS FOR POLITICAL TERRORISM." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 30, no. 1 (March 21, 2020): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2020-30-1-35-47.

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The article is dedicated to the study of the problem of punishment of Russian women, members of the populists’ organizations (mainly “People’s Will”, see “Narodnaya Volya”), for participation in political terrorism in the 70s - 80s of the 19th century. A historiographical review of the literature on the topic under consideration is given. The information about women punished for participating in terror against the authorities, including attempts on the emperors Alexander II and Alexander III, is specified and summarized. The facts of the refusal of convicted criminals to protect and pardon are reported. The information about the execution of sentences in respect of women convicted for revolutionary terrorism to death penalty, penal servitude and exile settlement is specified. Their stay at the Peter and Paul Fortress and the House of Pre-Trial Detention in St. Petersburg, and after their conviction - at Kara katorga, Shlisselburg Fortress and other places of punishment is shown in detail. Particular attention is paid to the issue of applying the act of pardon with respect to women victims convicted of political terrorism. To clarify individual facts and dates, different points of view are compared.

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Newlands, Carole. "The Role of the Book in Tristia 3.1." Ramus 26, no. 1 (1997): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048671x0000206x.

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The third book of the Tristia is the first to have been written in Tomis, Ovid's place of exile. The long journey from Rome, the subject of the first book of the Tristia, is over. The distractions of the journey can no longer sustain him, and his only pleasure is to weep, in other words to write the elegy of lament: dum tamen et uentis dubius iactabar et undis,fallebat curas aegraque corda labor:ut uia finita est, et opus requieuit eundi,et poenae tellus est mini tacta meae,nil nisi flere libet…(Tr. 3.2.15-19)But while in turmoil I was being tossed around by winds and waves, my worries and sad heart were distracted by the battle for survival. Now that the journey is over, the effort involved in travel is spent, and the land of my punishment has been reached, weeping is my only pleasure.

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Varghese, Hanna Merin. "Writing in and Out of Exile: A Foucauldean Reading of No Friend but the Mountains by Behrouz Boochani." International Journal of Management and Humanities 5, no. 11 (July 30, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijmh.j1336.0751121.

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“Refugee” is a historically constructed term that privileged concerns that are substantially ideological and political rather than economic and ecological. But one cannot neglect the fact that environmental and economic concerns cannot be set apart from the political and hence rises the necessity to create a new inclusive category of “ essential needs” to consider their intrinsic interconnectivity as its one of the apriorism. Refugee literature essentially addresses not only the displacement but the gaps that are found in the sociological approach to “statelessness” and migration. On the other hand, literature stands for individual expressions and experience. Literature in the context of statelessness not only signifies the notion of being a “refugee” but being an “ asylum, seeker” as well. No Friend but the Mountains by Behrouz Boochani is such an autobigraphcial novel written in the backdrop of his experience as an asylum seeker and consequent incarceration in the Australian detention regime. The Australian detention centre is built and worked in such a way that it satisfies the idea of the panopticon. The Kyriarchal system works in the prison even in a way that affects the psyche of the imprisoned individuals and thus these stateless asylum seekers undergo extreme existential dilemmas and commit severe crimes, turning against one another and sometimes even suicides. On the basis of the experiences of Boochani, the carceral system of Australian detention centre is expounded here through a Foucaludean idea of punishment, Bentham’s notion of the panopticon as well Fiorenza’s idea of kyriarchy where all of them are essentially different shades and shapes of exerting power.

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Kharchuk, Roxana. "Тарас Шевченко і Тадеуш Лада Заблоцький: типологічні збіги у біографії і творчості поетів-романтиків у Російській імперії пер. пол. ХІХ ст." Bibliotekarz Podlaski Ogólnopolskie Naukowe Pismo Bibliotekoznawcze i Bibliologiczne 57, no. 4 (April 3, 2023): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36770/bp.752.

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According to the author, Tsar Nicholas I’s punishment of Taras Shevchenko and Tadeusz Łada-Zabłocki for their poems with exile to Orenburg and the Caucasus in the rank of privates, respectively, is evidence of the Russian Tsar’s phobia of literature and freedom of thought. The article concludes that in the context of possible familiarity between the fates of the two authors, the typological similarities in their works are not significant. The main concern is the influence of Ukrainian folklore on the imagery in Shevchenko’s poetry, and Ukrainian and Belarusian folklore on the imagery in Łada-Zabłocki’s. Although both poets are Romantics, their poetic self-creation is diametrically opposed. In Łada-Zabłocki’s it is autobiographical imagery, marked by the experience of the defeat of the Polish nation in the struggle for freedom after the November Uprising, while in Shevchenko’s the poet always appears as a defender of the most wronged part of the nation. While the element of Shevchenko’s poetry is not only lyricism but his poetry is characterized by epic breath, Łada-Zabłocki belongs to the group of autobiographical poets.

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Белова, Н. А. "The use of exile in the Russian state in the 17th century." Ius Publicum et Privatum, no. 2(22) (June 30, 2023): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46741/2713-2811.2023.22.2.001.

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В статье подробно освещены вопросы, связанные с нормативным закреплением и применением ссылки в русском государстве в XVII в. На основе изучения исторических источников и научной литературы показан процесс расширения практики использования данной карательной меры государством и церковью в исследуемую эпоху, приведены примеры применения разных форм ссылки. Отмечено, что ссылка уголовных, политических и религиозных преступников в XVII столетии не только сохраняла карательный и устрашительный характер, но и рассматривалась правительством в качестве средства заселения окраин государства. Также уделено внимание применению ссылки как меры, заменявшей иные, более суровые наказания. The article details the issues related to the normative consolidation and application of the link in the Russian state in the 17th century. Based on the study of historical sources and scientific literature, the process of expanding the practice of using this punitive measure by the state and the church in the period under consideration is shown and examples of the use of various forms of exile are given. It is noted that the exile of criminal, political and religious criminals in the17th century had a punitive and intimidating character and was also considered by the government as a means of settling the country’s outskirts. Attention is also paid to the use of exile as a measure replacing other, more severe punishments.

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Allen, Danielle. "Imprisonment in Classical Athens." Classical Quarterly 47, no. 1 (May 1997): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cq/47.1.121.

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Nineteenth–century scholars assumed that the Athenians as a community punished citizens with death, exile, atimia, and fines and used imprisonment only to hold those awaiting trial, those awaiting execution, and those unable to pay fines.1 As they saw it, brief imprisonment in the stocks occasionally supplemented these penalties, but always as additional penalty–never as a penalty on its own. Barkan saw in the use of imprisonment as an additional penalty the likelihood of general penal imprisonment and used evidence from the oratorical corpus to make an argument therefore.2 His argument seems to have been largely ignored–the nineteenth–century interpretation continuing dominant; and the issue, largely unexplored but for a few glancing references in recent scholarship.3 The issue remains, thus, sufficiently vexed to make worthwhile a restatement of the argument for the use of punitive imprisonment. Also, the evidence provides clues worth setting forth as to why and when punitive imprisonment developed. Indeed, these are sufficient to make an argument about the relevance of the development to Athenian political history. For the introduction of penal imprisonment in Athens proves an extremely important historical moment, marking as it does both the completion of a general will institutionalized (in a punishment of consumption of the wrong–doer within, rather than of expulsion from, the community) and a significant point in the establishment of isonomia.

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Jacobsen, Garrett. "(P.J.) Johnson Ovid before Exile. Art and Punishment in the Metamorphoses. Pp. x + 184. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2008. Cased, US$50. ISBN: 978-0-299-22400-4." Classical Review 59, no. 2 (September 15, 2009): 633–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x09001498.

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Maroshi, Valery V., and Geza Horvath. "Raskolnikov’s crime and repentance in Russian and Hungarian literature of the second half of the twentieth century." Imagologiya i komparativistika, no. 18 (2022): 168–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/24099554/18/9.

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The article deals with the creative reception of a complex of motifs “sin - repentance - salvation” and the hero’s moral reflections that form the basis of Crime and Punishment and Fyodor Dostoevsky’s unfulfilled plan of a book about the “Great Sinner.” We analyze the works of several Russian and Hungarian authors of the 1960s-1990s. In Victor Pelevin’s novel Chapayev and Pustota, the hero involuntarily becomes a murderer. Instead of being exiled to Siberia, he ends up in a mental hospital, which functionally serves as a replacement for Raskolnikov’s “punishment” stage - a prison sentence. After leaving the hospital, the hero, who has not accepted the new reality, flees to a Buddhist monastery in Inner Mongolia to escape from the criminalized and dangerous modernity. The motifs of crime and failed repentance of the outsider writer are used by Vladimir Makanin in the novel The Underground or the Hero of Our Time. His hero recognizes Dostoevsky’s authority, projecting the novel’s situation onto his own. However, he rejects the need to repent the murders, since for him Raskolnikov’s story is an “alien” literary plot and a humiliation of his very “self.” The heroes of Limonov’s early prose constantly relate themselves to the marginal heroes and criminals of Dostoevsky. For them, the impossibility of repentance does not cancel the hero’s selfdoubt, his “state of hesitation” that determines, according to Dostoevsky, the behavior of the Great Sinner and Raskolnikov. In Russian prose of the 1990s, the text and plot allusions of which refer to Crime and Punishment, the main antihero is a writer and reader of Dostoevsky who tries on the situations and actions of Dostoevsky’s heroes, ultimately dismissing them as “alien” and “literary.” The classics of modern Hungarian literature, Janos Pilinszky and Miklos Meszoly, admitted that they literally lived inside Dostoevsky’s world. The novels of Meszoly of the 1960s, The Death of an Athlete and Saul, both tell the story of rebirth and conversion of two heroes - the runner Balint and the detective Saul. Balint is lonely and aspires to the absolute, a sports record, for which he is willing to sacrifice everything. He is similar to Dostoevsky’s sinner in his pridefulness. However, before his death, he ascends a mountain. The motifs that accompany his “spiritual ascent” point to the sacred symbolism of rebirth. The final change in the direction and purpose of running turns him into an “athleta Christi”, a repentant proud man. However, the plot of Saul does not follow the Bible to the end and finishes with Saul’s blinding, interrupting the biblical story and not representing his enlightenment as of the future Paul the Apostle. Similarly to Crime and Punishment, the novel unfolds around a murder - a “stoning” of the victim, Stephen the Apostle. Saul, like Raskolnikov, renounces his former self-identification and logic of the Law. The shock in both cases is the sin of murder, the internal experience of the crime. Saul takes the blame for the beating of Stephen. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.

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Putra, Rabullah, and Syaddan Dintara Lubis. "Law Enforcement for Fraud Offenders on behalf of Banks Through Online According to Islamic Criminal Law." Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities 4, no. 3 (April 19, 2024): 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v4i3.354.

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This research aims to find out the modus operandi of criminal fraud on behalf of banks through online, to find out law enforcement for fraud perpetrators on behalf of banks through online at the North Sumatra Regional Police, and to find out the review of Islamic criminal law in fraud cases on behalf of banks through online. This research uses a qualitative empirical research strategy in the field of law. Interviews with members of the North Sumatra Regional Police became the main data source, while literature surveys of online journals, papers, and articles related to fraud legislation became secondary data. Data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing are the three stages of qualitative data preparation. Article 378 of the Criminal Code can be used to regulate the crime of online fraud, according to the above study. To strengthen the legal basis, Article 28 paragraph (1) of the ITE Law can be followed. Islamic criminal law, which is based on hadith and the Quran, does not provide clear guidelines on how to deal with internet fraud involving banks. Islamic law includes general principles that should be followed, and their application depends on the interpretation of local scholars or religious authorities. In the case of online fraud on behalf of a bank, which is included in the crime of fraud, it can be subject to ta'zir punishment such as a stern warning, a material fine whose amount is adjusted to the victim's loss, imprisonment, flogging, or also exile from society for a while.

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Armstrong, Rebecca. "P. Johnson, Ovid Before Exile. Art and Punishment in the Metamorphoses. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 2008. Pp. 194. ISBN 978-0-29922-400-4. US$50.00." Journal of Roman Studies 99 (November 2009): 264–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3815/007543509789744981.

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Safin, L. R. "A HISTORICAL ESSAY ON THE LEGAL REGULATION OF PUNISHMENTS NOT INVOLVING ISOLATION FROM SOCIETY UNDER RUSSIAN CRIMINAL LAW." Вестник Пермского университета. Юридические науки, no. 1 (59) (2023): 142–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1995-4190-2023-59-142-158.

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Introduction: punishments not associated with isolation from society traditionally hold an important place in the system of criminal law measures. The author of this article adheres to the periodization concept according to which the development of criminal legislation on the discussed problem is divided into periods based on the content of the main normative acts (monuments of law) regulating such punishments. In the course of development, they transformed from vira (or wergeld, subsequently – a monetary fine), ‘putting to sack and pillage’ (which obtained the form of confiscation of property), to forced labor in its various forms (hard labor, correctional labor, compulsory labor, all alternative to imprisonment). Punishments not associated with isolation of the convicted person from society are restrictions of a right (or a combination of those) affecting different aspects of the convict’s status, including restrictions on freedom (exile, expulsion) or labor/property rights (correctional, compulsory works, fines, etc.). Purpose: to form an idea of the nature and process of legal regulation of punishments not associated with isolation from society under the criminal law of Russia on the basis of analysis of scientific sources, historical monuments of law, and foreign literature. Methods: comparative-legal and historical analysis, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal logic and synthesis; system-structural method; concretization, methods of deduction and induction. Results: the analysis of scientific commentaries, historical monuments, and foreign literature showed that during the Soviet period, the transformation of the complex of punishments not involving isolation from society consisted primarily in the use of public means of influence (public censure). Conclusions: the legal analysis revealed gradual abandoning of the type of punishments under discussion, with preservation of fines, various kinds of forced labor (obligatory, corrective, compulsory works), and confiscation of property as a supplementary measure of the criminal law nature.

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Zolli, Daniel M., and Christopher Brown. "Bell on Trial: The Struggle for Sound after Savonarola." Renaissance Quarterly 72, no. 1 (2019): 54–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rqx.2018.6.

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In June 1498, the Florentine government publicly punished and exiled the Piagnona, the lone bell of the church of San Marco, for its role in defending Girolamo Savonarola during the April siege that led to the preacher's execution. Drawing on new evidence, this essay offers the most complete account of this still poorly understood chapter in Renaissance history, examining its complex and conflicting motives. At the same time, the punishment of the Piagnona, and struggle for its return, affords uncommon insight into the culture's deepest structures of thinking about what bells were, and who had the legal authority to adjudicate their fate.

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TOEWS, CASEY. "Moral Purification in 1QS." Bulletin for Biblical Research 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 71–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26422780.

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Abstract In preexilic times, moral purification (the enforcement of the death penalty and כּרת, "to be cut off") held tragic and fatal consequences for the offender, as well as the nation at large, dynamically illustrated when the nation was collectively "cut off" in exile. In response to the severe punishments occasioned by moral impurity, the prophets considered a survivable alternative for moral purification in place of the harsh Pentateuchal penalties. They envisioned, metaphorically, a lustral cleansing that could wash away moral impurity. The Hebrew Bible does not provide evidence of a literal adaptation of this metaphor into praxis. In looking to the Second Temple period literature, we find that 1QS provides the earliest witness of a literal adaptation of the prophetic imagery into a baptism of moral purification. As such, 1QS is a very important document for demonstrating an approach to moral purification that is both a development of the postexilic Hebrew Bible, as well as a precursor to the practices evident in the lives of John the Baptist, Jesus, and Paul.

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FINNANE, MARK, and JOHN MCGUIRE. "The Uses of Punishment and Exile." Punishment & Society 3, no. 2 (April 2001): 279–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14624740122228339.

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Kut Belenli, Pelin. "An Island of One’s Own: Home and Self-Fulfilment in Madeline Miller’s Circe." Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences 23, no. 2 (April 26, 2024): 527–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21547/jss.1345559.

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Circe is renowned for her profound knowledge of sorcery as a minor goddess in Greek mythology. Her depictions and representations are numerous in literature, painting, music, and popular culture, ranging from Homer’s classical masterpiece The Odyssey to John William Waterhouse’s painting Circe Invidiosa (1892). Recently, Circe has been recreated with a modern kick by the contemporary American novelist Madeline Miller. In Miller’s novel Circe (2018), Circe voices her own story as the first-person heroine. The novel focuses on the spiritual growth and self-fulfilment of the protagonist. Reimagined by Miller in her family home in the early chapters, Circe is the innocent yet neglected child, always strange, pushed away, looked down upon, and alienated by her parents, siblings, and relatives. Miller first portrays Circe in her father’s halls where she is made to believe that she is a failure, she is incomplete, lacking, and neither a nymph nor a goddess. However, as her powers as a witch begin to unravel, some of her practices draw the attention of the patriarchs in her life, and she is exiled by these men to an island named “Aiaia.” How a woman can turn a punishment given by men into an advantage is shown in the novel. Marginalised and exiled to a deserted island with a house, forests, herbs, plants, and animals, Miller’s Circe practices her witchcraft, discovers life, and manifests her true self. In this respect, this article focuses on how Circe’s island, which she turns into her “home,” empowers Circe as a woman.

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Šiljak-Jesenković, Amina. "Literature of Exile and Exile in Literature." Prilozi za orijentalnu filologiju, no. 69 (January 18, 2021): 209–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.48116/issn.2303-8586.2019.69.209.

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The number of descendants of Bosniak migrants in Anatolia has led us to examine the issue of existence of literature of exile in this community; as well as the theme of Bosniak migration to Turkey in literary texts. This paper presents biographies of authors of Bosniak origin and indicates elements of literature of exile in their work: Mehmet Ruhi Turan (1900-1981); Ahmet Cemil Miroğlu – Asri (1907-1971); Memduh Cumhur (1947-2018); Cemil Kavukçu (1955- ); Yavuz Bubik (1940-). The corpus also includes the novels Gözüm Yaşı Tuna Selidir Şimdi by Selm Fındıklı and Cüda by Halil İbrahima Izgi – authors whose biographies include no information about their Bosniak ancestry; but their novels focus on migration of Bosniaks to Anatolia and Ottoman-governed Palestine. Stories about the circumstances that led to migration; about the trauma of leaving home; about otherness; identity; hopes for return; nostalgia – more than a century later; after the loss of even the Bosnian linguistic identity; speak through literary text in the Turkish language.

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Kristanto, Billy. "Exil und religiöse Identität in einigen Kantaten von Johann Sebastian Bach." European Journal of Theology 29, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ejt2020.2.006.kris.

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Summary This article examines nine sacred cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach which address the subject of exile and religious identity. The biblical or general theological background of the text of each selected cantata, as well as the way in which Bach set the text to music, is discussed. We can learn from Bach that, first, there should be a legitimate space to express fear and insecurity about the arrival of foreigners. Second, believers who are in exile can associate their Christian identity with the life of Jesus while inviting unbelievers to find their identity in Jesus. Third, both suffering and hospitality are true features of Christian discipleship. Fourth, Bach’s interpretation of exile as a divine punishment is not the final message. The motif of exile as punishment is transformed by a Christological interpretation. Finally, the end of exile can be celebrated. In exile, believers dare to hope and to believe; at the end of the exile, believers celebrate without forgetting their past suffering. Both testify to a sound religious identity.

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Khaerunisa, Farah Edhar. "ADULTERY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS LAW AND POSITIVE LAW IN THE INDONESIAN COMMUNITY." HUNAFA: Jurnal Studia Islamika 18, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 158–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24239/jsi.v18i2.614.158-174.

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This study aims to examine and find out about the arrangements for adultery in Islamic law and criminal law in Indonesia and to find out the zina sanctions that exist in Islamic religious law and criminal law. The type of data used in this study is secondary data consisting of the Criminal Code, Al-quran, as well as other sources in the form of books and other materials such as journals related to the issues discussed in this. This data collection uses literature study techniques. Data analysis using analysis techniques between content theory. Based on the research that has been done, it can be found that the regulation of adultery in criminal law is contained in Article 284 which states that adultery is a sexual relationship between two perpetrators who are married or one of them is bound by a marriage. In Islamic law, it provides regulations regarding adultery, that every husband and wife relationship outside of a legal marriage we can call adultery, and distinguishes the perpetrator of adultery here into two, namely Ghairu Muhshan: the perpetrator who is not bound by marriage and secondly, Muhsan is the perpetrator who bound by marriage. In this criminal law, it provides sanctions for criminal acts of adultery in the form of a prison sentence of 9 months which must fulfill several existing requirements. Islamic law provides sanctions for criminal acts of adultery in the form of punishments such as 100 lashes and exile for one year for the perpetrator of Ghairu Muhsan, 100 lashes and stoning to death for the perpetrator of Muhsan.

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Ilie Goga, Cristina. "The Transformation of Detention in Romania: From Exile to Main Punishment." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 56 (July 2015): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.56.58.

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The article aims to analyze the evolution of detention on the Romanian territory, during the periods of its transformation from exile to a form of punishment, namely the Medieval and Modern Ages. We noticed that, although there was always detention as a form of restraint of the perpetrator until the application of other punishments and rarely as a form of punishment, the deprivation of liberty in prisons became, only in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the main form of punishment. We will initially analyze the methods of punishment used in Romanian Medieval period and the locations of detention ("mines", "dungeons", "bulk", "hearth" or "monastery") and then, will follow their transformation in modern detention areas.

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Atreya, Alok, and Samata Nepal. "Menstrual exile – a cultural punishment for Nepalese women." Medico-Legal Journal 87, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025817218789600.

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Hong, Jae-Buhm. "Features drawn from exile laws and cases in the Frankish kingdom." Korea Association of World History and Culture 66 (June 30, 2023): 67–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32961/jwhc.2023.03.66.67.

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The exile has been with mankind for a long time since Adam and Eve’s anecdote. The Expulsion which went through Ancient Greece and Rome appeared in various terms in accordance with the political and social situations of the time. It contains the contents of deprivation of citizenship, confiscation of property and confinement to a certain area. In the early Middle Ages, the Germanic peoples accepted the Roman heritage, absorbing the customs of exile that drove out those who broke the peace of the community, and defined it as the law of the kingdom. In the Merovingian dynasty, kings chose exile rather than capital punishment and sent bishops to isolated spaces such as islands and monasteries. Meanwhile, the parties who fought fiercely in the internal conflict within the Carolingian royal family tried to solve the problem through a political choice of exile. Although it was a temporary solution, the Frankish kingdom’s expulsion method of keeping alive, sending it away, imprisoning it and returning it was remarkable compared to other periods. Exile was a punishment that punishes those who commit crimes, but its contents have changed over time. It was also, on the other hand, a politically chosen strategic weapon to strengthen or maintain the power of the ruler.

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Komkova, Anastasiya Sergeevna, and Anna Aleksandrovna Anikina. "Conceptualization of exile as a primary form of punishment in the Old English linguocultural tradition." Philology. Issues of Theory and Practice 16, no. 11 (October 30, 2023): 3682–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/phil20230566.

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The research aims to reconstruct the EXILE concept in the Old English linguocultural tradition. The research is novel in that it is the first to study the EXILE concept using the material of legal vocabulary of Anglo-Saxon culture during its formation, to reveal its notional content by the systematization of characteristics: punishment, deprivation of rights and freedoms, loss of human appearance, suffering, loneliness, wanderings, miserable existence. As a result, the process of conceptualization of exile taking into account a wide philological and ethno-cultural context has been presented. The authors have identified and described the cultural patterns of behavior deviation from which could lead to the relegation of a representative of any class of Anglo-Saxon society in the 7th-11th centuries to the position of an outcast. The paper studies the linguistic means of expressing all components of the practice of exile, including the naming units for the action itself, the outlaws, their distinctive features, places and circumstances of exile. The analysis of the semantic content of the selected lexemes, their contextual connections has been carried out and the notional content of the EXILE concept has been determined.

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Stern, Guy. "Teaching Exile Literature." Die Unterrichtspraxis / Teaching German 22, no. 1 (1989): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3530042.

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Allen, Beverly, and John Glad. "Literature in Exile." SubStance 21, no. 1 (1992): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3685354.

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Knapp, Bettina L., and John Glad. "Literature in Exile." World Literature Today 65, no. 1 (1991): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40146392.

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Thompson, Currie K., Maria-Ines Lagos-Pope, and Myron I. Lichtblau. "Exile in Literature." Hispania 72, no. 3 (September 1989): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/343506.

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Babenko-Woodbury, Victoria A., and John Glad. "Literature in Exile." Slavic and East European Journal 35, no. 1 (1991): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/309048.

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Ivanov, A. A., S. L. Kuras, and T. L. Kuras. "Siberian Exile and Its Reformation during Reign of Peter Great (XVII—XVIII)." Nauchnyi dialog 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 318–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-2-318-335.

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The history of the formation and development of the Siberian criminal exile, the main link in the all-Russian system of execution of punishment in the Russian Empire during the 18th— 19th centuries is discussed in the article. It is shown that the exile to Siberia appeared already at the end of the 16th century, however, during this period, called “Moscow”, it did not yet have a proper organization. The study provides examples that convincingly prove that it was only under Peter I and thanks to his efforts that the Siberian exile began to acquire a legal and organized character, began to play an important role in the protective and punitive system of the state. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt was made to comprehensively study the transformations of Peter the Great in the field of legal regulation of the system of hard labor and exile, which is shown on the example of Siberia in the 17th—18th centuries. It is shown that it was under Peter that criminal exile and hard labor became not only forms of punishment for criminals, but also the main way to use free labor in the construction of strategically important facilities for the country located on the borders of the Russian Empire.

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Dumolyn, Jan, and Milan Pajic. "Enemies of the Count and of the City." Tijdschrift voor rechtsgeschiedenis 84, no. 3-4 (December 9, 2016): 461–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718190-08434p05.

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During the fourteenth century, the struggle for power between the craft guilds and patricians dominated the county of Flanders to such an extent that it resulted in three major revolts between 1302 and 1361. A common punishment for collective action was banishment from the city or from the entire county, either temporarily or for life. A mitigation of the capital punishment, sending those politically defeated into exile, partially transferred social and political tensions abroad and allowed the victorious party to restore order, although sometimes only until the return of the exiles under new political conditions. Thus these revolts were followed by waves of large scale collective expulsions, in the execution of which both princely and urban authorities were involved. After these, however, the importance of collective exile as a measure of repression sharply declined and other types of punishment were inflicted on rebellious communities. The purpose of this article is to explain this brief but intensive legal phenomenon within the judicial and political structures of the county.

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Kaye, Anders. "Excuses in Exile." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 48.2 (2015): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.48.2.excuses.

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Suppose that I have intentionally killed another person and that I have done so without any justification. At first glance, it appears that I am guilty of murder, a very serious crime. Since I am guilty of this very serious crime, the state may inflict a very serious punishment on me—at least many years in prison, if not my whole life or the death penalty. But suppose that one of the following is also true in my case: (A) At the time that I killed my victim, I suffered from a mental disease and, as a result, lacked the substantial capacity to appreciate the wrongfulness of my conduct. (B) Throughout my childhood and into my adolescent years, my father physically and sexually abused me, leaving me significantly more prone to violence than I would otherwise have been. Both A and B are ethically and interpersonally important facts. Both are likely to inspire some combination of sympathy, empathy, and compassion. Both suggest that my story is not just the story of a murderer and that there is a complicated explanation for my crime.

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Oh, Jun Seok. "Changes and characteristics of the ancient Chinese exile punishment." CHUNGGUKSA YONGU (The Journal of Chinese Historical Researches) 143 (April 30, 2023): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24161/chr.143.001.

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Shaw, J. Clerk. "Punishment and Psychology in Plato’s Gorgias." POLIS, The Journal for Ancient Greek Political Thought 32, no. 1 (May 5, 2015): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340039.

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In the Gorgias, Socrates argues that just punishment, though painful, benefits the unjust person by removing injustice from her soul. This paper argues that Socrates thinks the true judge (i) will never use corporal punishment, because such procedures do not remove injustice from the soul; (ii) will use refutations and rebukes as punishments that reveal and focus attention on psychological disorder (= injustice); and (iii) will use confiscation, exile, and death to remove external goods that facilitate unjust action.

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Mews, Siegfried. "Exile Literature and Literary Exile: A Review Essay." South Atlantic Review 57, no. 1 (January 1992): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3200340.

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Werse, Nicholas R. "Exile, Restoration, and the Question of Postexilic Suffering in Josephus." Journal for the Study of Judaism 49, no. 3 (April 26, 2018): 390–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700631-12493186.

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AbstractThe present study focuses on the representation of restoration and postexilic suffering in Josephus’sAntiquities of the Jews. This study first builds upon Feldman’s observations, arguing that Josephus interprets the rebuilding of the Jerusalem temple as the Judean restoration marking the end of exilic judgment. Second, this study examines Josephus’s interpretation of subsequent postexilic oppression and suffering at the hands of foreigners. Josephus interprets this post-restoration suffering through the theological lens of the exile, but not as a continuation or even return to a single “exile” event. Rather, for Josephus, the exile is the archetypal experience of divine judgment for disobedience. Thus subsequent disobedience in the post-restoration age could lead to a repeat of this “sin–punishment” paradigm. Josephus utilizes this repeatable paradigm to explain periods of Jewish suffering after their restoration from exile.

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Pearson, Lon, Antonio Skármeta, Fernando Alegría, Antonio Skármeta, José Donoso, Antonio Skármeta, Antonio Skármeta, Paula Sharp Hanover, and Raúl Silva Cáceres. "Chilean Literature in Exile." Chasqui 15, no. 1 (1985): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/29739909.

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Alvarez, Stephanie. "Latino / A "Exile" Literature." World Literature Today 76, no. 3/4 (2002): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40157595.

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Zeps, Valdis J. "Latgalian literature in exile." Journal of Baltic Studies 26, no. 4 (December 1995): 313–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01629779500000101.

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Chatterjee, Choi. "Imperial Incarcerations: Ekaterina Breshko-Breshkovskaia, Vinayak Savarkar, and the Original Sins of Modernity." Slavic Review 74, no. 4 (2015): 850–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5612/slavicreview.74.4.850.

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Based on a comparison of the prison experiences of Ekaterina Breshko- Breshkovskaia, member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party of Russia, and Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, revolutionary and Hindu fundamentalist, I ask two central questions: How did Breshkovskaia's story about exile and punishment help establish the tsarist genealogy of the gulag in the western consciousness, while the suffering of political prisoners in British India, as exemplified by Savarkar, were completely occluded? How and why did the specificity of incarceration in the Russian empire eclipse systems of punishment designed by other European empires in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? In this article, I argue that the penumbra of modernity was darkened not only by the savagery of the Holocaust and the gulag but also by the brutal violence of western imperialism. Placing the Russian prison and exile system in comparative global perspective opens up new avenues of research in a field that has relied excessively on the intellectual binaries of a repressive Russia and a liberal western Europe.

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Smilevski, Goce. "LOSS, CULTURAL MEMORY AND LITERATURE OF EXILE." PHILOLOGICAL STUDIES 18, no. 1 (2020): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1857-6060-2020-18-1-72-84.

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Exile related trauma emerges from the feeling of loss, which is one of the main topics in Edward Said’s Reflections on Exile. Sigmund Freud, in his work Mourning and Melancholia, states that the loss of the homeland is one of the cardinal reasons for mourning. This has led many exile theorists to analyze works themed around moving or relocating to another place based on the psychology of loss. Presenting the opposing positions of Edward Said, Paul Tabori and John Neubauer on exile literature, as well as their definitions of exile, refuges, expatriats, apatrides, this text focuses on the specific importance of cultural memory in exile literature, which refers to those who don’t live in the country in which they were born, or is authored by them. Implementing Azade Seyhan’s examinations of remembrance and what she refers to as “writing outside the nation”, this paper analyses exile literature as intentional remembrance caused by the feeling of loss, which relies on the restorative ability of cultural memory and aims to connect the past and present in integrative wholeness.

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Larsen, Matthew D. C. "Carceral Practices and Geographies in Roman North Africa." Studies in Late Antiquity 3, no. 4 (2019): 547–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sla.2019.3.4.547.

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I explore the landscape of carceral practices and geographies in late antique Roman North Africa by applying a comparative lens to carceral punishments of exile and condemnation to the mines. I situate the research within the field of carceral studies, using the concept of carceral practices and geographies (as opposed to the narrower concepts of prison and imprisonment). I first offer a contextualization of the punishments of exile and condemnation to the mines as carceral punishments, remaining especially sensitive to the legal, material, and spatial aspects of each punishment. I then consider how different North African Christians used their carceral punishments and geographies to negotiate issues of political and social power in the broader Roman Mediterranean, specifically the letter exchange between Cyprian and three other groups of Christians condemned to the mines (Ep. 76–79). I use the letter correspondence as a case study to explore the “real-and-imagined” aspects of carceral practices and geographies in Roman North Africa. The carceral punishments of exile and condemnation to the mines have legal, material, social, gendered, rhetorical, and lived-experience components, all of which are treated as distinct, yet also fluid and intersectional with each other. I conclude by gesturing to how the case study adds texture to our understanding of how carceral punishment worked in Late Antiquity.

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Mardorossian, Carine M. "From Literature of Exile to Migrant Literature." Modern Language Studies 32, no. 2 (2002): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3252040.

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Kharmaev, Yu V. "Criminal Punishment in the Form of Exile as a Tool for Resolving Russia's Geopolitical Problems on its Eastern Outskirts (Historical and Legal Aspects)." Lex Russica, no. 4 (May 2, 2019): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2019.149.4.179-187.

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The Russian state has historically used the reference not only as an implementation of criminal punishment against convicts, but also to solve colonization, economic, cultural and social problems on the Eastern borders of the country. The vast and undeveloped territory in the East of the country; natural minerals, raw materials for the emerging Russian industry; the presence of the land route of the TRANS-Siberian direction, all this at first looked very attractive. However, at the end of the second half of the 19th century the authorities were forced to reform the Siberian exile, and in the future to completely abandon it, recognizing it is extremely inefficient and costly for the state. Modern geopolitical interests of Russia face similar problems typical for the State in earlier historical periods. As for the exile or some other punishment associated with the voluntary or forced displacement of a large number of people from one region to another (more often from the Central regions to the outskirts of the country), will be resolved gradually, depending primarily on the socio-economic capabilities of the state.

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Wirth-Nesher, Hana, and Nancy Berg. "Exile from Exile: Israeli Writers from Iraq." Comparative Literature 50, no. 4 (1998): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1771530.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Exile (punishment) in Literature'

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