Journal articles: 'Exhaust tower'

1

Melikhov, R., and A. Leonova. "Extension towers - features of the design, technical and economic assessment and typical issues." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 3 (March 15, 2019): 194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/40/25.

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Discusses the features of the design Exhaust towers. The design and configuration of exhaust towers, types of carrier circuits, grating diagrams, diaphragm diagrams are considered. It describes the main structural solutions of the carrier tower, the supporting scheme of the gas exhaust trunk, the factory assembly types of connections of the carrier tower belts, support units and lattice attachment points for the tower belts. Recommendations on anticorrosive protection of steel structures of towers are presented, technical and economic assessment and issues of typification are presented.

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2

Kwon, Yong-Il. "A Study on the Ventilation Efficiency Improved by Airflow Characteristics of the Axial Fan Installed in Parallel at the Side Wall of the Narrow Exhaust Tower." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 24, no. 04 (December 2016): 1650026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132516500267.

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A numerical study has been conducted to simulate airflow and ventilation characteristics in the exhaust tower installed to ventilation of the multi-story underground parking lot. It is the objective of the present study to identify ventilation problems and to suggest the flow direction modifications of the ventilation system with the axial fan to improve ventilation efficiency in the low-rise section of the exhaust tower. Numerical results on SVE4 (scale of ventilation efficiency NO.4) and local mean age of exhaust ports are presented along with the location of axial fan on the direction of swirl flow and the dimension of exhaust tower. Ventilation system modifications on the direction of swirl flow have been suggested from the numerical results in order to prevent the flow interference by airflow discharged from the adjacent stories. The overall ventilation efficiency according to the rotational condition of the axial fans are compared quantitatively using the concept of SVE4 calculated by means of tracer gas pulse method to investigate distribution characteristics of the air discharged from each story among the exhausted air to the two exhaust ports in the narrow exhaust tower.

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Becker, B. R., and L. F. Burdick. "Effect of Drift Eliminator Design on Cooling Tower Performance." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): 632–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906636.

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In the use of wet cooling towers, drift refers to small droplets of circulating water that are carried out of the cooling tower by the saturated exhaust air. Inertial impaction separators, known as drift eliminators, are used to strip the water droplets from the exhaust air. To achieve peak cooling tower operating efficiency, it is desirable that losses in fan system performance due to the drift eliminators be minimized. Therefore, an experimental program was developed and executed to evaluate the effect of drift eliminator design on cooling tower fan system performance. Flow visualization studies were used to gain insight into the flow patterns within the cooling tower plenum as influenced by drift eliminator design. A fully instrumented fan test cell was used to investigate the effects upon fan system performance resulting from two different styles of drift eliminators. The effect of drift eliminator discharge angle upon fan system total efficiency was investigated and the optimal discharge angle determined.

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Rugescu, Radu D., Alina Bogoi, and Radu Cirligeanu. "Intricacy of the Transit Manifold Concept Paid-off by Computational Accuracy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (June 2013): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.142.

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Despite its intricacy the numerical method applied within the TRANSIT code proved successful in describing discontinuous, non-isentropic flows in rocket engines and solar-gravitational towers for green energy. A number of 0-D approaches are known to render some results in demonstrating the feasibility of the solar tower concept, or in unsteady simulation of transient phases in rocket engines. Computational efficiency is demonstrated by CFD simulation of the starting transients in ADDA solid rocket engines and in the SEATTLER solar mirror tower. The code is exclusively directed to unsteady flow simulations in slender channels. The wave front model scheme covers the dual behavior of fully non-isentropic flow with mass addition and mixing in the thrust chamber or blunt heat addition in a heater and fully isentropic through the exhaust nozzle or gravity draught in a tall tower. Along the tower of the solar-gravity draught power plants small perturbation discontinuous flows are covered. Code robustness is demonstrated during runs on the PC.

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5

Hu, Jingling, Senlin Yang, Lu Zhong, Yingxin Yang, Xiaotu Hu, and Xueliang Xue. "Application of Cyclone Gas Cap Water Washing Device in Ultra Clean Discharge Treatment Technology of Exhaust Gas." E3S Web of Conferences 53 (2018): 04035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185304035.

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Exhaust gas treatment device of coal fired boiler has been upgraded with ultra clean discharge treatment technology, and the new cyclone gas cap washing device is applied in the second half of the desulfurzing tower systm.This new water scrubbing tray system is composed with water sprays, ceramic packing, cyclone gas cap and independent water tank, which is proven by field tests, has exceling effect on exhaust gas treatment, and can decrease concentration of aerosol in exhaust gas to below 5mg/Nm3 which is lower than the state discharge standard.

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KUDINOV, Anatoly A., and Yulia E. DEMINA. "CALCULATION OF THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF LEAVING FLUE GASES FROM THE TURBINE THROUGH THE COOLING TOWER." Urban construction and architecture 8, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2018.01.23.

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The article presents result of a research a system of the venting of exhaust gases of the recovery boiler the gas turbine plant through the natural draft cooling tower in the environment. The use of this scheme allows the fl ue gases to lower the temperature of the circulating water at the outlet of the cooling tower to provide a deeper vacuum in the condenser steam turbine combined cycle power plant with simultaneous reduction of capital to build chimneys. As a result of the application of this scheme, an increase in the absolute electric effi ciency of turbines is achieved. As stated in Article method of calculating the removal of exhaust fl ue gas systems with a perforated distributor ring allows to determine the level of engineering design and volume requirements of these systems.

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7

Xie, Guo Wei, Ming Ming Li, and Yi Wei Yang. "The Development and Applications of the Dust and Rhenium Recovery Integrated Device of Calcination Exhaust of Molybdenum Concentrate which Contain Rhenium." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.40.

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A device, was used to recover dust and rhenium from molybdenum concentrate roasting exhaust gas, was developed. The device combine the self-swash dust catcher and spherical tray tower technology: the self-swash dust catcher was used to recover dust and rhenium; spherical tray tower was used to further dust and rhenium recovery and its application to engineering in practice. This was the first successful such devices used to recover dust and rhenium integration from calcination exhaust of molybdenum concentrate which contain rhenium in production practice. Through production practice, proved that the device is feasible, with high efficiency. And it has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, low cost and low energy consumption etc.. In addition, the dust removing system can also be used to the wet dust collector in the filed of metallurgical , mining, chemical and building.

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8

Muthu, Sella, C. Manoharan, and R. Senthilkumar. "THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF A WET COOLING TOWER FOR FRESH WATER FROM PLUME AND ANALYZING AN INDUSTRIAL COOLING TOWER BASED ON RESULTS." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 13, no. 10 (March 4, 2017): 5892–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v13i10.5870.

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A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. The stream of saturated exhaust air leaving the cooling tower called the plume is visible when water vapor it contains condenses in contact with cooler ambient air, like the saturated air in one's breath fogs on a cold day. Under certain conditions, the cooling tower plume may present fogging or icing hazards to its surroundings and gives some environmental problems. To find the solution for this problem a cooling tower has been analysed based on air flow rate through the tower and the cooling load to obtain fresh water yield by utilising plume from cooling tower top. The theoretical analysis gives the values of important parameters Theoretical analysis has been done on wet cooling tower by varying the water flow rate through which affect the performance of a cooling tower such as the cooling range, effectiveness, approach, fresh water yield etc. Then with the conditions of a trials from the analysis, the mass flow rate of water in the cooling tower was scaled up to match the mass flow rate of water in an industrial cooling tower. This helps in obtaining the mass flow rate of the air and fresh water yield through the industrial cooling tower.

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9

Chow, T. T., Z. Lin, and J. P. Liu. "Effect of Condensing Unit Operation on Kitchen Exhaust at Residential Tower." Architectural Science Review 45, no. 1 (March 2002): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00038628.2002.9696930.

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10

Singh, Enderaaj, Sukanta Roy, and Yam Ke San. "Numerical Analysis of Exhaust Air Energy Extractor for Cooling Tower Applications." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 943 (November 3, 2020): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/943/1/012035.

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11

Liu, Quan, Yimin Zhu, Xiaojia Tang, Tie Li, Weifeng Liu, Jiao Zhao, and Qian Li. "Modeling and prediction of desulfurization efficiency for magnesium-based seawater exhaust gas clean system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 233, no. 1 (November 30, 2017): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475090217744905.

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The desulfurization efficiency is a major parameter of magnesium-based seawater exhaust gas clean system, which is one of the important means to control the sulfur dioxide emission from marine diesel engines. In this work, the RFlow, a computational fluid dynamics software, was used to analyze the flow field and sulfur dioxide absorption rate in the desulfurization tower of magnesium-based seawater exhaust gas clean system. The subdomain technology was applied for physics modeling and mesh generation of the desulfurization tower, and total number of the mesh is 2.25 million. The flow field model was set up by coupling the multi-fluid model with the dispersive k-ε turbulence model. Based on flow field model, the prediction model for desulfurization efficiency of magnesium-based seawater exhaust gas clean system was programmed in user-defined module of the RFlow software, according to the two-film theory and sulfur dioxide absorption reaction equations. The simulation results predicted a desulfurization efficiency of 97.9%, which agrees well with the practical result. In order to study the effect of gas and liquid flow rate on the desulfurization efficiency, the computational fluid dynamics prediction model was applied. And the verification tests were conducted on a container vessel. Comparing the predicted results with the experimental data, the maximum error is less than 2%. It is proved that the prediction model is reliable and useful for the magnesium-based seawater exhaust gas clean system.

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12

Zhang, Hui Bin, Bin Li, and Ya Qing Jia. "Research on the Utilization of Exhaust Gas Heat for Boilers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 643 (September 2014): 322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.643.322.

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The exhaust heat loss of the power plant boiler can account for more half of the boiler heat loss, exhaust gas temperature is 110~160 °Ccommonly, so the exhaust gas heat can be used to reduce the coal consumption, raise the economic benefits. Before and after the desulfurization tower of a 350 MW unit, there installs two plate heat exchangers, heating condensation water respectively, which can improve the thermal efficiency. With two heat exchangers working under the design conditions, a test was carried out based on a 350 WM unit simulation system in order to test the influence of system for unit operation characteristics. Referring to the data, the investment of the heat exchanger can achieve 2.68 g/kWh coal saving during the non-heating period and 0.2531 g/kWh during the heating period.

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13

Qin, Y., and S. C. Kot. "Validation of computer modelling of vehicular exhaust dispersion near a tower block." Building and Environment 25, no. 2 (January 1990): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-1323(90)90024-l.

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14

Kwon, Yong-Il, and Tae Hee Kim. "A Study on the Improvement of Exhaust Performance Provided by Axial Fan installed in Exhaust Tower with Narrow Space." Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering 31, no. 8 (August 31, 2019): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.6110/kjacr.2019.31.8.343.

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15

Liu, Jia You. "Application of Heat Pump Technology in Coal Mine." Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 1083–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.1083.

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Heat pump is widely used in many fields, and it has advantages of energy-saving, environment-friendly and good economy, etc. Coal mine drainage, cooling water from cooling tower of power plant and exhaust air in coal mine have stable temperature throughout the year, and they are good heat (cold) source for heat pump. By analyzing technical and economic performance of heat pump, several ways and purposes of heat pump used in coal mine are proposed, and the technical processes are given. Application of heat pump to recycle energy from coal mine drainage, cooling water and exhaust air is beneficial to improving economic efficiency and achieving sustainable development for coal mine.

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16

Patwary, Md Fahim Faisal, Isheka Agarwala, Rashik Ahmed, and Dipak Kanti Das. "Experimental Study of Water Collection from Plume of an Induced-Draft Counter-Flow Cooling Tower Using Space Charge Injection." MIST INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 9 (June 27, 2021): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.47981/j.mijst.09(01)2021.194(01-09).

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Plume collection from cooling towers can be a reliable solution to the water scarcity problem faced in many regions around the world. Meshes are one of the most proposed collectors in this regard that rely upon inertial collision for droplet capture and are inherently limited by aerodynamics. This study quantifies the effect of electrical forces on water collection from the plume of an Induced Draft Counter Flow (IDCF) Cooling Tower by introducing sets of copper tubes at the exit of the tower. The imparting of net charge to the exhaust plume by instigating space charge directs the vapor towards the inside wall of copper tube forming water droplets. This arrangement instead of a mesh or net system, creates a lesser obstruction to flow. Fabrication of fill/packing with a corrugated wave pattern using PVC plastic demonstrates satisfactory cooling performance of the tower. An optimized L/G ratio is found to exist for maximum collection efficiency of water from plume at definite entering fluid temperatures by investigating with the entering warm water temperatures at 40°C, 45°C and 50°C while the dry bulb temperature of air ranges from 23.5°C to 30.1°C. The electricity consumption for this arrangement fluctuates from 2.78 kWh/m3 to 5.13 kWh/m3 for two L/G ratios (23.5 and 28.3). Where maximum collection percentage occurs at two different entering fluid temperatures, the power expended is below the minimum used for typical desalination plants.

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17

O'Mahony, M., A. Lakhani, A. Stephens, J. G. Wallace, E. R. Youngs, and D. Harper. "Legionnaires' disease and the sick-building syndrome." Epidemiology and Infection 103, no. 2 (October 1989): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800030648.

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SUMMARYIn October 1985, six cases of legionnaires' disease were associated with a police headquarters building. Four were amongst staff who worked in or visited the communications wing of the headquarters and two cases occurred in the local community. A case-control study implicated the operations room of the communications wing as the main area associated with infection. This wing was air-conditioned and smoke tracer studies showed that drift from the exhaust as well as from the base of the cooling tower entered the main air-intake which serviced the air-conditioning system.Legionella pneumophilaserogroup 1 subgroup pontiac was isolated from water and sludge in the cooling tower pond. Contaminated drift from the top of the cooling tower was probably responsible for the two community cases. An additional discovery was that symptoms suggestive of the sick-building syndrome were associated with working in this wing.

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18

Najib, A. M., M. A. Mustafa, Z. Jamaludin, A. M. Zulfattah, and A. R. Hashim. "Regenerative Energy Air Flow System for Cooling Tower." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.498.

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Energy conservation and improvement in production efficiency are two greater challenges to modern-day manufacturing industries. The rapid growth as seen and forecasted for manufacturing sector has resulted in greater demand for electrical power and energy. This has given rise to the needs for alternative energy to supplement the existing energy resources. This paper proposes a SVAWT named as a regenerative energy air flow system that utilizes exhaust air flow speeds of a cooling tower in a manufacturing plant. The prototype is capable of voltage generation from 24 volts or more depending upon the number of coils and the constant speed of the air flow. This paper proved the feasibility of electrical energy generation utilizing captured kinetic energy from the air flow of a cooling tower thus promoting innovation in green technology in the manufacturing sector.

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Chong, Wen Tong, Ahmad Fazlizan, Sook Yee Yip, Micheal K. H. Leung, and Sin Chew Poh. "Performance Evaluation of a Wind Power-Augmented Device on an Onsite Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Wind Turbine." Advanced Materials Research 935 (May 2014): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.935.126.

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This paper presents an idea on generating green energy by extracting discharged wind energy from a cooling tower. Two vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) integrated with a wind power-augmentation device are installed above a cooling tower to harness unnatural wind for electricity generation. The wind power-augmentation device is built with several guide-vanes and diffuser-plates to improve the performance of the VAWTs. Guide-vanes are designed to create a venturi effect and guide the on-coming wind stream to an optimum flow angle which is matched to the optimum angle of attack of the VAWTs. Diffuser-plates are tilted at an optimum angle to draw more wind and accelerate the discharged airflow. From the laboratory test, the VAWTs performance was increased by 7 – 8 % when guide-vanes and diffuser-plates are installed at their optimum angle. The correct matching of VAWTs for this system is expected to generate electricity at their rated power constantly when the cooling tower is in operation. This system can contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gases emission and conservation of the environment for a healthier life since fossil fuel consumption for energy generation is reduced as well as efficient use of energy.

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20

Zhou, Song, Dian-Tao Liu, Yuan-Qing Zhu, and Jin-Xi Zhou. "Study on Using Scrubbing Tower to Remove SO2 from Marine Diesel Engine Exhaust." Asian Journal of Chemistry 26, Supp. (2014): S9—S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.19002.

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21

Wang, Zhan Guang, and Song Zhou. "Discussion on Ship Exhaust Gas Washing Desulfurization Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 472 (January 2014): 917–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.472.917.

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With the continuous development of shipping industry, exhaust gas p-ollution caused by ship emissions of sulfur dioxide is increasingly serious. In o-rder to meet the international maritime organizations (IMO) strict requirements on the water shipping environment, much attention of flue gas desulfurization technology research has been paid. But the ship desulfurization wastewater research is relatively little, water quality analysis and processing system of flue gas desulfurization wastewater research should be carried out. This paper mainly introduces the principle and characteristics of seawater desulfurization process, research and application status of seawater desulfurization method. Discussing the application of sea water desulfurization on the ship for Marine diesel engine tail gas treatment in order to meet the requirements of the international maritime organization and meet the relevant national laws and the main problems to be solved, including the optimal amount of spray, desulfurization tower circulation surface model, installed on the ship. It also points out that the study of sea water desulfurization technique applied in ship's urgency and application prospect.

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22

Liu, Ji Dong, Zhong Zhe Dong, Jian Xin Xu, Ai Kang Guo, and Zhi Liang Tian. "Simulation and Optimization of Absorption Column of the Dual-Pressure Nitric Acid Production Process." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 3830–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.3830.

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Simulation of the absorption column was studied. A new mathematic model was developed and tested against the actual operation data. From this, the accuracy of the model was proved. The pressure, temperature and gas composition on absorption effect was discussed. And from the point of the practical production, more optimized operating conditions of the nitric acid absorption tower were showed. It makes the dilute acid concentration increase by 3 percent and the exhaust emission of NOx decrease by 45ppm.

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23

Rong, Feng, Li Xiuzhen, Zhao Xingcheng, and Fang Junfei. "Effects of the operation parameters of a closed-type heating tower on the performance of heating tower heat pump system." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 38, no. 5 (July 1, 2020): 1983–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598720933698.

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The ventilator of the heating tower and the circulating pump of the anti-freeze solution are the main electrical equipment of a heating tower heat pump system, besides the compressor. By controlling the working frequencies of the ventilator of the heating tower and circulating pump of the anti-freeze solution, the effects of the operation parameters of a closed-type heating tower on its heat absorption and the performance of heating tower heat pump system were investigated under winter heat conditions. The results indicated that reducing the frequency of the circulating pump for the anti-freeze solution leads to a decrease in the temperature of the outlet evaporator of the anti-freezing solution and an increased temperature difference between the anti-freeze solution flowing into and out of the heating tower; meanwhile, excessively high and low anti-freeze flow rates lead to reduced heat absorption of the closed-type heating tower. The coefficient of performance fluctuates slightly if the frequency of circulating pump is above 20 Hz, but a slight drop in coefficient of performance is observed when the frequency is less than 15 Hz. The system energy efficiency ratio tends to increase as the frequency of circulating pump is reduced, although a substantial reduction occurs at 10 Hz. Furthermore, a reduced ventilator frequency decreases the temperatures of the anti-freeze solution at the inlet and outlet of the heating tower and the temperature difference, hindering the heat absorption of the heating tower. With reductions in the ventilator frequency, the coefficient of performance exhibits an initial increase followed by subsequent decreases, while the system energy efficiency ratio showed continual increases until the ventilator frequency dropped to 10 Hz. When the ventilator frequency or circulating pump frequency drops to 15 Hz and 10 Hz, the evaporation temperature of the heat pump unit decreases, resulting in an excessively exhaust temperature, which is not favorable for the safe operation of the system.

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Zhou, Song, Zong Jiang Fu, and Cailing Li. "Design, Calculation and Experimental Analysis on Packed Tower of Marine Exhaust Gas Scrubbing Desulfurization." Asian Journal of Chemistry 26, Supp. (2014): S214—S216. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.19050.

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25

Fujimoto, Takeshi, Minoru Sakata, and Hisanori Ohara. "Exhaust Gas Convection and Diffusion Analysis from Ventilation Tower in the Wide Urban Area." Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2004.17 (2004): 639–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2004.17.639.

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26

Vogt, M., E. D. Nilsson, L. Ahlm, E. M. Mårtensson, and C. Johansson. "The relationship between 0.25–2.5 μm aerosol and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions over a city." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 10 (May 24, 2011): 4851–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-4851-2011.

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Abstract. Unlike exhaust emissions, non-exhaust traffic emissions are completely unregulated and in addition, there are large uncertainties in the non-exhaust emission factors required to estimate the emissions of these aerosols. This study provides the first published results of direct measurements of size resolved emission factors for particles in the size range 0.25–2.5 μm using a new approach to derive aerosol emission factors based on carbon dioxide (CO2) emission fluxes. Aerosol fluxes were measured over one year using the eddy covariance method at the top of a 105 m high communication tower in Stockholm, Sweden. Maximum CO2 and particle fluxes were found when the wind direction coincided with the area of densest traffic within the footprint area. Negative fluxes (uptake of CO2 and deposition of particles) coincided with periods of sampling from an urban forest area. The fluxes of CO2 were used to obtain emission factors for particles by assuming that the CO2 fluxes could be directly related to the amount of fuel burnt by vehicles in the footprint area. The estimated emission factor for the fleet mix in the measurement area was, in number 1.8 × 1011 particle veh−1 km−1 (for 0.25–2.5 μm size range). Assuming spherical particles of density 1600 kg m−3 this corresponds to 27.5 mg veh−1 km−1. For particles (0.8–2.5 μm) the emission factors were 5.1 × 109 veh−1 km−1 for number and 11.5 mg veh−1 km−1 for mass. But a wind speed dependence was noted for high wind speeds. Thus, for wind speeds larger than 9 m s−1, as measured in the tower at 105 m (U105), the emission factor for particle number and mass was parameterised as: Ef (Number, 0.8–2.5 μm) = (6.1 ± 1.7)109 U105 −50 ± 188 and Ef (Mass, 0.8–2.5 μm) = (20 ± 12) U105 − 171 ±122.

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Zhou, Tang, Zhang, and Li. "Thermodynamic Analysis of the Air-Cooled Transcritical Rankine Cycle Using CO2/R161 Mixture Based on Natural Draft Dry Cooling Towers." Energies 12, no. 17 (August 29, 2019): 3342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173342.

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Heat rejection in the hot-arid area is of concern to power cycles, especially for the transcritical Rankine cycle using CO2 as the working fluid in harvesting the low-grade energy. Usually, water is employed as the cooling substance in Rankine cycles. In this paper, the transcritical Rankine cycle with CO2/R161 mixture and dry air cooling systems had been proposed to be used in arid areas with water shortage. A design and rating model for mixture-air cooling process were developed based on small-scale natural draft dry cooling towers. The influence of key parameters on the system’s thermodynamic performance was tested. The results suggested that the thermal efficiency of the proposed system was decreased with the increases in the turbine inlet pressure and the ambient temperature, with the given thermal power as the heat source. Additionally, the cooling performance of natural draft dry cooling tower was found to be affected by the ambient temperature and the turbine exhaust temperature.

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LEVIN, STEPHEN M. "THE TENSEGRITY-TRUSS AS A MODEL FOR SPINE MECHANICS: BIOTENSEGRITY." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 02, no. 03n04 (September 2002): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519402000472.

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The commonly accepted "tower of blocks" model for vertebrate spine mechanics is only useful when modeling a perfectly balanced, upright, immobile spine. Using that model, in any other position than perfectly upright, the forces generated will tear muscle, crush bone and exhaust energy. A new model of the spine uses a tensegrity-truss system that will model the spine right side up, upside-down or in any position, static or dynamic. In a tensegrity-truss model, the loads distribute through the system only in tension or compression. As in all truss systems, there are no levers and no moments at the joints. The model behaves non-linearly and is energy efficient. Unlike a tower of blocks, it is independent of gravity and functions equally well on land, at sea, in the air or in space and models the spines of fish and fowl, bird and beast.

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29

Ding, Feng, and Xin Bo. "Analysis of Environmental Impact Factors of Natural Draft Cooling Towers in Power Plant." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 1436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1436.

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Based on the requirements of Air Clean guidelines (VDI3784 and VDI3945) in German for cooling tower plume rise and dispersion model, a comparative analysis of atmospheric environmental impact of the cooling tower exhaust for different parameters. Parameters includes different source emission parameters and ambient humidity parameters. Then, analysis of the impact factors of plume rising height and the ground concentration according to the emission parameters. The results show that the most influential parameters are temperature and gas flow rate, relatively, the flue gas relative humidity and liquid water content has less influence in the rising height. Therefore, the increase of flue gas flow rate will significantly strengthen the dispersion of pollutants in the air. The flue gas humidity and liquid water have a certain influence on the dispersion of pollutants, but the effect is not so significant. The increase of flue gas humidity and liquid water content is not conducive to the dispersion of pollutants, therefore the surface concentration will only increase slightly.

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Anand, Gopalakrishnan, Donald C. Erickson, and Ellen Makar. "Subfreezing Absorption Refrigeration for Industrial CHP." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 26, no. 04 (December 2018): 1850033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132518500335.

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The design and operation of an advanced absorption refrigeration unit (Thermochiller) as part of an industrial combined heat and power (CHP) system is presented. The unit is installed at a vegetable processing plant in Santa Maria, California. The overall integrated system includes the engine package with waste heat recovery, Thermochiller, cooling tower, and chilling load interface. The unique feature of the system is that both the exhaust and jacket heat are used to supply subfreezing refrigeration. To achieve the low refrigeration temperatures of interest to industrial applications, all components of this integrated system needed careful consideration and optimization. The CHP system has a low emission natural gas-fired 633[Formula: see text]kW reciprocating engine cogeneration package. Both the exhaust heat and jacket heat are recovered and delivered via a hot glycol loop with 105[Formula: see text]C supply temperature and 80[Formula: see text]C return. The 125 ton ammonia absorption chiller (TC125) chills propylene glycol to [Formula: see text]C and has a coefficient of performance of 0.63. TC125 has peak electric demand of 10[Formula: see text]kW for pumps and 8[Formula: see text]kW for the cooling tower fan. The CHP system, including TC125, operates 20[Formula: see text]h per day, six days per week. All operations of TC125 are completely automatic and autonomous, including startups and shutdowns. Industrial refrigeration is typically a 24/7 load and highly energy-intensive. By converting all the engine waste heat to subfreezing refrigeration, Thermochiller brings added value to cogeneration or CHP projects.

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Foster-Pegg, R. W. "A Small Air Turbine Power Plant Fired With Coal in an Atmospheric Fluid Bed." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 112, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906472.

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An efficient, indirectly heated, steam-injected air turbine power or cogeneration plant, fired with coal in an atmospheric fluid bed, is described. The plant will meet all environmental standards and will generate about 35 MW. The plant offers a high power-to-steam ratio without requiring a condensing steam turbine and can operate efficiently without any export steam. Eliminating a condensing steam turbine, cooling tower, etc., reduces the capital cost and produces a low $/kW installation. If necessary, most of the water injected into the air turbine can be recovered from the exhaust air and reused. All the equipment for the plant is commercially available.

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Vogt, M., E. D. Nilsson, L. Ahlm, E. M. Mårtensson, and C. Johansson. "The relationship between 0.25–2.5 μm aerosol and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions over a city." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 9 (September 9, 2010): 21521–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-21521-2010.

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Abstract. Unlike exhaust emissions, non-exhaust traffic emissions are completely unregulated and there are large uncertainties in the non-exhaust emission factors required to estimate the emissions of these aerosols. This study provides the first published results of direct measurements of size resolved emission factors for particles in the size range 0.25–2.5 μm using a new approach deriving aerosol emission factors from the CO2 emission fluxes. Because the aerosol and CO2 emissions have a common source and because the CO2 emission per fuel or traffic amount are much less uncertain than the aerosol emissions, this approach has obvious advantages. Therefore aerosol fluxes were measured during one year using the eddy covariance method at the top of a 118 m high communication tower over Stockholm, Sweden. Maximum CO2 and particle fluxes coincides with the wind direction with densest traffic within the footprint area. Negative fluxes (uptake of CO2 and deposition of particles) coincides with an urban forest area. The fluxes of CO2 were used to obtain emission factors for particles by assuming that the CO2 fluxes could converted to amounts of fuel burnt. The estimated emission factors for the fleet mix in the measurement area are, in number 1.4×1011 [particle veh−1 km−1]. Assuming spherical particles of density 1600 kg/m3 this corresponds to 27.5 mg veh−1 km−1. Wind speed influence the emission factor indicating that wind induced turbulence may be important.

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Antipov, Yuriy, Ivan Shatalov, Kirill Shkarin, Georgiy Polischuk, Igor Danilov, Anna Barybina, Yana Ogneva, and Pavel Morozov. "MODELING AN EFFECTIVE SOLUTION FOR THE UTILIZATION OF SECONDARY ENERGY RESOURCES OF CCGT UNIT ON THE EXAMPLE OF CCGT-420T CHPP-16." Modeling of systems and processes 13, no. 3 (December 7, 2020): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2219-0767-2020-13-3-10-15.

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Nowadays, improving the efficiency of power plants by utilizing secondary energy resources is gaining more attention in the energy sector. In this paper, the combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT-420T) was considered, where exhaust heat from the main and auxiliary equipment is utilized, and sent to a water supply system through a closed-circuit heat exchanger, as a result, the heat transferred (Q = 6.4 MW) is rejected into the environment through a cooling tower. Moreover, an effective modelling method for utilizing heat in a closed cycle, using a steam compressing heat pump unit (HPU) is proposed. In addition, a calculation of the effectiveness of utilizing secondary energy resources depending on the number of HPU stages.

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O'Doherty, T., M. Biffin, and N. Syred. "The Use of Tangential Offtakes for Energy Savings in Process Industries." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 206, no. 2 (August 1992): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_206_02.

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Swirling flows occur in many processes within industry with little consideration given to pressure recovery. High tangential velocities occur in the exhaust nozzle which have been shown to persist for up to 20 pipe diameters downstream. This kinetic energy is dissipated by turbulence and friction and is unnecessarily lost. There is potential to recover this energy and reduce operating costs. This paper shows that a tangential offtake with associated diffuser can be used to recover up to 45 per cent of the pressure loss, with an accompanying reduction in energy consumption. It has particular application in the cement and process industries, and has been tested on a novel prototype cement raw meal preheater tower.

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Dall'Osto, M., A. Thorpe, D. C. S. Beddows, R. M. Harrison, J. F. Barlow, T. Dunbar, P. I. Williams, and H. Coe. "Remarkable dynamics of nanoparticles in the urban atmosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 12 (December 16, 2010): 30651–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-30651-2010.

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Abstract. Nanoparticles emitted from road traffic are the largest source of respiratory exposure for the general public living in urban areas. It has been suggested that the adverse health effects of airborne particles may scale with the airborne particle number, which if correct, focuses attention on the nanoparticle (less than 100 nm) size range which dominates the number count in urban areas. Urban measurements of particle size distributions have tended to show a broadly similar pattern dominated by a mode centred on 20–30 nm diameter particles emitted by diesel engine exhaust. In this paper we report the results of measurements of particle number concentration and size distribution made in a major London park as well as on the BT Tower, 160 m high. These measurements taken during the REPARTEE project (Regents Park and BT Tower experiment) show a remarkable shift in particle size distributions with major losses of the smallest particle class as particles are advected away from the traffic source. In the Park, the traffic related mode at 20–30 nm diameter is much reduced with a new mode at <10 nm. Size distribution measurements also revealed higher number concentrations of sub-50 nm particles at the BT Tower during days affected by higher turbulence as determined by Doppler Lidar measurements and indicate a loss of nanoparticles from air aged during less turbulent conditions. These results suggest that nanoparticles are lost by evaporation, rather than coagulation processes. The results have major implications for understanding the impacts of traffic-generated particulate matter on human health.

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Dall'Osto, M., A. Thorpe, D. C. S. Beddows, R. M. Harrison, J. F. Barlow, T. Dunbar, P. I. Williams, and H. Coe. "Remarkable dynamics of nanoparticles in the urban atmosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 13 (July 12, 2011): 6623–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-6623-2011.

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Abstract. Nanoparticles emitted from road traffic are the largest source of respiratory exposure for the general public living in urban areas. It has been suggested that adverse health effects of airborne particles may scale with airborne particle number, which if correct, focuses attention on the nanoparticle (less than 100 nm) size range which dominates the number count in urban areas. Urban measurements of particle size distributions have tended to show a broadly similar pattern dominated by a mode centred on 20–30 nm diameter emitted by diesel engine exhaust. In this paper we report the results of measurements of particle number concentration and size distribution made in a major London park as well as on the BT Tower, 160 m aloft. These measurements taken during the REPARTEE project (Regents Park and BT Tower experiment) show a remarkable shift in particle size distributions with major losses of the smallest particle class as particles are advected away from the traffic source. In the Park, the traffic related mode at 20–30 nm diameter is much reduced with a new mode at <10 nm. Size distribution measurements also revealed higher number concentrations of sub-50 nm particles at the BT Tower during days affected by higher turbulence as determined by Doppler Lidar measurements and are indicative of loss of nanoparticles from air aged during less turbulent conditions. These results are suggestive of nanoparticle loss by evaporation, rather than coagulation processes. The results have major implications for understanding the impacts of traffic-generated particulate matter on human health.

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Jacobs, E. W. "Research Results for the Tornado Wind Energy System: Analysis and Conclusions." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 107, no. 1 (February 1, 1985): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3267659.

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The Tornado Wind Energy System (TWES) concept utilizes a wind-driven vortex confined by a hollow tower to create a low-pressure core intended to serve as a turbine exhaust reservoir. The turbine inlet flow is provided by a separate ram air supply. Numerous experimental and analytical research efforts have investigated the potential of the TWES as a wind energy conversion system (WECS). The present paper summarizes and analyzes much of the research to date on the TWES. A simplified cost analysis incorporating these research results is also included. Based on these analyses, the TWES does not show any significant promise of improving on either the performance or the cost of energy attainable by conventional WECS. The prospects for achieving either a system power coefficient above 0.20 or a cost of energy less than $0.50/kWh (1979 dollars) appear to be poor.

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Zhou, ZhiWu, Julián Alcalá, and Víctor Yepes. "Bridge Carbon Emissions and Driving Factors Based on a Life-Cycle Assessment Case Study: Cable-Stayed Bridge over Hun He River in Liaoning, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16 (August 17, 2020): 5953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165953.

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Due to the rapid growth of the construction industry’s global environmental impact, especially the environmental impact contribution of bridge structures, it is necessary to study the detailed environmental impact of bridges at each stage of the full life cycle, which can provide optimal data support for sustainable development analysis. In this work, the environmental impact case of a three-tower cable-stayed bridge was analyzed through openLCA software, and more than 23,680 groups of data were analyzed using Markov chain and other research methods. It was concluded that the cable-stayed bridge contributed the most to the global warming potential value, which was mainly concentrated in the operation and maintenance phases. The conclusion shows that controlling the exhaust pollution of passing vehicles and improving the durability of building materials were the key to reducing carbon contribution and are also important directions for future research.

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Jin, Wei, Shaojun Ren, Yunshan Dong, Fengqi Si, Ce Wang, and Zhenwei Zhang. "Adaptive Modeling and Operation Optimization for the Cold End System of Thermal Power Units based on Mechanism and Statistical Analysis." MATEC Web of Conferences 319 (2020): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031901003.

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The operation optimization for the cold end system is an efficient means to improve the economy of steam turbine units. To compensate for the inadequacy of the traditional mechanism analysis utilized in obtaining actual operating characteristics of the cold end system, the prediction model of the exhaust pressure was established on the basis of mechanism analysis combined with data from the operation process. An online adaptive updating strategy was introduced to guarantee the modeling accuracy. A discrete model of the cooling tower outlet water temperature (CTOWT) was constructed based on the operation data partitioned into different groups according to the pump operating mode change (POMC). Combining the above two models, the coupled model of the cold end system was therefore obtained. A model-based operation optimization system was then implemented for the cold end system in a coal-fired power plant. Experimental trials authenticate that the optimization suggestions provided by the system can effectively enhance the benefit of power generation.

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Радченко, Роман Миколайович, Богдан Сергійович Портной, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор, Веніамін Сергійович Ткаченко, and Анатолій Анатолійович Зубарєв. "ОТРИМАННЯ І ВИКОРИСТАННЯ КОНДЕНСАТУ ПРИ ОХОЛОДЖЕННІ ПОВІТРЯ НА ВХОДІ ЕНЕРГОУСТАНОВКИ ТА ПРОБЛЕМА СЕПАРАЦІЇ КРАПЕЛЬНОЇ ВОЛОГИ З АЕРОЗОЛЬНОЇ СУМІШІ В ГРАДИРНЯХ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 5 (November 8, 2018): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.5.04.

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The processes of heat-humidity treatment (cooling with dehumidification) of air in a two-stage air cooling system at the inlet of a gas turbine unit applying a combined type heat-energized refrigeration mechanism, which consists of an absorption lithium-bromide high-temperature refrigeration mechanism to approximately 15 °C and a refrigerant ejector low-temperature refrigeration mechanism to 10 °С and below, which transform the heat of exhaust gases from gas turbine unit to the cold with the production of condensate in air cooling system as a by-product of air cooling has been analyzed. The analysis was carried out for the climatic conditions of the south of Ukraine. The heat removal from the condensers and the absorber of the heat-energized refrigeration mechanism are carried out with open wet cooling towers. Based on the distribution of the heat load on the steps of the two-stage air cooling system and the heat coefficients of the heat-energized refrigeration mechanisms, the project load on the cooling towers was determined and their number was selected. Based on the results of modeling of the operation of the air cooling system at the inlet of the gas turbine unit, were obtained data from the current and total amount of condensate that falls in the air cooling system during the condensation of water vapor, which is always contained in moist air, as well as the amount of water needed to feed an open cooling tower. In this case, only water losses due to mechanical removal (without taking into account its evaporation in cooling towers) were considered, which poses the problem of separation of droplet moisture from the aerosol mixture. As a result of comparing the amount of water needed to feed the cooling towers, on the one hand, and the amount of condensate obtained in the process of air cooling at the inlet of the gas turbine unit, on the other hand, was demonstrated that it is possible to partially satisfy the necessary water needs for cooling towers. A scheme of two-stage air cooling system at the inlet of a gas turbine unit with absorption lithium-bromide and refrigerant ejector refrigeration mechanism and wet cooling towers is proposed, to discharge heat from heat-energized refrigeration mechanisms, to produce condensate as a by-product of air cooling, and apply it to feed cooling towers

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Helmig, Detlev, Daniel Liptzin, Jacques Hueber, and Joel Savarino. "Impact of exhaust emissions on chemical snowpack composition at Concordia Station, Antarctica." Cryosphere 14, no. 1 (January 23, 2020): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-199-2020.

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Abstract. The chemistry of reactive gases inside the snowpack and in the lower atmosphere was investigated at Concordia Station (Dome C), Antarctica, from December 2012 to January 2014. Measured species included ozone, nitrogen oxides, gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), and formaldehyde, for study of photochemical reactions, surface exchange, and the seasonal cycles and atmospheric chemistry of these gases. The experiment was installed ≈1 km from the station main infrastructure inside the station clean air sector and within the station electrical power grid boundary. Ambient air was sampled continuously from inlets mounted above the surface on a 10 m meteorological tower. In addition, snowpack air was collected at 30 cm intervals to 1.2 m depth from two manifolds that had both above- and below-surface sampling inlets. Despite being in the clean air sector, over the course of the 1.2-year study, we observed on the order of 50 occasions when exhaust plumes from the camp, most notably from the power generation system, were transported to the study site. Continuous monitoring of nitrogen oxides (NOx) provided a measurement of a chemical tracer for exhaust plumes. Highly elevated levels of NOx (up to 1000 × background) and lowered ozone (down to ≈50 %), most likely from reaction of ozone with nitric oxide, were measured in air from above and within the snowpack. Within 5–15 min from observing elevated pollutant levels above the snow, rapidly increasing and long-lasting concentration enhancements were measured in snowpack air. While pollution events typically lasted only a few minutes to an hour above the snow surface, elevated NOx levels were observed in the snowpack lasting from a few days to ≈ 1 week. GEM and formaldehyde measurements were less sensitive and covered a shorter measurement period; neither of these species' data showed noticeable concentration changes during these events that were above the normal variability seen in the data. Nonetheless, the clarity of the NOx and ozone observations adds important new insight into the discussion of if and how snow photochemical experiments within reach of the power grid of polar research sites are possibly compromised by the snowpack being chemically influenced (contaminated) by gaseous and particulate emissions from the research camp activities. This question is critical for evaluating if snowpack trace chemical measurements from within the camp boundaries are representative for the vast polar ice sheets.

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Chong, W. T., W. P. Hew, S. Y. Yip, A. Fazlizan, S. C. Poh, C. J. Tan, and H. C. Ong. "The experimental study on the wind turbine’s guide-vanes and diffuser of an exhaust air energy recovery system integrated with the cooling tower." Energy Conversion and Management 87 (November 2014): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.07.009.

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Antipov, Yuri A., Ivan K. Shatalov, Kirill V. Shkarin, Anna S. Barybina, Yana A. Ogneva, and Pavel D. Morozov. "Modeling an effective method to utilize secondary energy resources of a combined cycle gas turbine based on the CCGT-420T." RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches 21, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-1-27-35.

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Nowadays, improving the efficiency of power plants by utilizing secondary energy resources is gaining more attention in the energy sector. In this paper, the combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT-420T) was considered, where exhaust heat from the main and auxiliary equipment is utilized, and sent to a water supply system through a closed-circuit heat exchanger, as a result, the heat transferred ( Q 6.4 MW) is rejected into the environment through a cooling tower. Moreover, an effective modelling method for utilizing heat in a closed cycle, using a steam compressing heat pump unit (HPU) is proposed. In addition, a calculation of the effectiveness of utilizing secondary energy resources depending on the number of HPU stages. In addition, the calculation of the effectiveness of the use of secondary energy resources depending on the number of stages of HPU was carried out. Several options of the model were discussed in this work, such as, two-, three-, and four-stage HPU and the coefficient of performance was calculated. Moreover, the work of these compressors for each option of the model was discussed in this work. Finally, the economic benefits of using of a multi-stage HPU instead of a traditional one-stage HPU during the annual operation of the CCGT-420T was discussed.

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Rostuntsova, Irina, Natalia Shevchenko, and Rinat Isyanov. "Effectiveness of exhaust gases cooling through cooling towers." Energy Safety and Energy Economy 6 (December 2015): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18635/2071-2219-2015-6-21-24.

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Brown, Alan S. "Too Hot for Comfort." Mechanical Engineering 128, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2006-dec-3.

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Electronics have grown much hotter over the past decade, making cooling a top priority in data centers. APC, better known for backup power supplies, supplies cold air from rack-size towers mounted along each row. It then monitors server temperatures, adjusting each individual air conditioner tower to achieve optimal cooling. Such localized cooling is efficient, such that users can boost server rack power to 18 kW—nearly nine times the average found by Uptime. IBM believes even the largest, most sophisticated data center managers need help with cooling. Like APC, it encloses its racks with a roof, but unlike APC it uses a cold rather than hot center aisle and exhausts the heated air into the data center. IBM also removes heat with a water-cooled heat exchanger attached to the back of a rack. In addition, IBM provides power management software that enables IT managers to adjust power and heat output. This ensures that power managers can power down based on workload, or move workload to environments that are not effectively using the power and cooling capacity that they have.

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Xiao, Hai Ping, Lin Dong, Gao Yan Han, and Xiang Ning. "Influence of Gas-Gas Heater on Wet Flue Gas Desulfuration." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.92.

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Material balance calculation was adopted to a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) system for exploring impacts of gas-gas heater (GGH). Effects of GGH on flue and water consumption were analyzed. Results showed that inlet flue temperature of desulfurization tower reduced by 3.4 °C at 100% load after installation of GGH. Exhausted gas temperature of system increased by 34.9°C. The heat release of original flue in desulfurization tower reduced by 43.72%. Plume rise height was significantly improved. Water evaporation in desulfurization tower declined by 42.07%.Amount of addendum water reduced by 39.06%, and water vapor carried by flue decreased by 19.78% at the outlet of WFGD. Therefore, operation condition of flue emission is improved and water consumption decreases with GGH.

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NISHIMURA, Hirokazu, and Yasuto NAKAMURA. "CHARACTERISTICS OF EXHAUST HEAT AND EVAPORATION OF WATER FROM COOLING TOWERS." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 61, no. 484 (1996): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.61.53_1.

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Zhou, Wen Bo, Ping Zou, Pei Shi Sun, Xiao Yi Bi, Yong Yang Mao, and Xiao Yun Zheng. "Utilization of the By-Products for Simultaneous Purification of Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxide in Bio-Trickling Process." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 1220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1220.

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The potential of using the waste from simultaneous NOx and SO2 purification bio-trickling process to leach copper ore and to make fertilizer was investigated. It was found there were two main exhausted by-products in the purification process: the acidic liquid in desulfurization tower and the alkalescent liquid in denitrogenation tower. Through operation of leaching the oxide ore sample containing 2.58% copper by the acidic liquid, the effective grade of the metal to be extracted reached 28.37% by weight. With adding proportional dose of ammonia into the alkalescent liquid or the acidic liquid and going through evaporation and concentration, crystal products of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate were generated, which can be used in fertilizer manufacturing.

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Novikova, Irina, and Alexander Pushnov. "NEW STRUCTURED PACKING CUB FOR PURIFICATION OF EXHAUST GASE." Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 8, no. 4 (October 24, 2016): 438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2016.954.

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New structured packing for heat and mass transfer processes named CUB is presented in our article. The packing can be applied in packed towers for exhaust gas cleaning instead random packing, for example, rings type that are the most used in such processes. The advantages of the new packing over random packing are lower pressure drop, capability of purification and as a consequence long-term service of the packing. The researches of intensity of liquid-phase mass-transfer in packed bed depending on liquid spray rate and gas velocity were carried out. Obtained data show that packing CUB is more effective than the most popular type of structured packing under all other conditions being equal. As experimental data shown heat transfer coefficient was up by 17% and mass transfer coefficient was up by 51%. We found out optimal geometry of cross section of the new packing, namely, number of elements and parameters of one element. The new construction of structured packing is applicable for both type of column cross-section round and square.

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Zhong, Lu, Yingxin Yang, Jingling Hu, Xiaotu Hu, Yong Liu, and XueLiang Xue. "The Industrial Application of Water Washing Device for Aerosol Condensation in Ultra Low Flue Gas Emission." E3S Web of Conferences 53 (2018): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185302015.

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The water washing device for aerosol condensation is added in the pre-cleaning tower of ammonia desulfurization device, and the basic function of the water washing device for aerosol condensation system is through the use of air/mist dual fluid spray system, atomizing the water to produce a large number of droplets, and greatly increasing the contact probability with the fine aerosol in the flue gas, and thus improving the efficiency of desulfurization and dust removal. The industrial application verifies this water washing device for aerosol condensation can effectively control the aerosol pollution from exhausts of ammonia desulphurization, and realize the ultra-low flue gas emission.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Exhaust tower'

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