Relevant bibliographies by topics / Exhaust gas measurements / Dissertations / Theses

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Exhaust gas measurements'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Exhaust gas measurements.
Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 38 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Exhaust gas measurements.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Parri, Lorenzo. "Ion current and exhaust gas composition measurements for combustion monitoring." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1143828.

Full text
Abstract:
The efficiency of combustion processes is assuming nowadays a huge importance, since the energy production, many industrial processes, as well as building heating systems are still mainly based on the combustion of hydrocarbons. The performance of the combustion process depends on many factors and it is a crucial point for the reliability and the efficiency of a plant or a thermal machine that exploits combustion as a primary source of energy. Moreover, the constant increasing of carbon dioxide concentration in atmosphere makes more and more important reducing the emission of this gas as well as the other pollutant/toxic chemical compounds that are produced during combustion. An optimized combustion process allows reducing dramatically the production of chemical compounds like carbon monoxide or nitrogen oxides, and also to releasing in the atmosphere the minimum amount of carbon dioxide per unit of energy produced. There are many studies related to the optimization of the internal combustion of the engines, especially for automotive applications, whereas the literature is less exhaustive for burner combustion optimization. The focus of this work is the study and the development of measurement systems allowing to get information about the combustion characteristics in gas turbines, with the aim of providing tools for monitoring/controlling the combustion parameters and keeping the combustion efficiency as high as possible over time. This activity has been developed in collaboration with Beker Huges (Nuovo Pignone Tecnologie - Florence), one of the world leaders in the design and development of gas turbines. Two different sources of information on the state of the combustion process have been considered in this thesis, namely the density of ions produced by the flame in the combustion chamber and the composition of the exhaust gases. The measurement of the ionic density due to the flame has been used since several years, particularly in the automotive sector, to obtain information about the combustion process: from the postprocessing of the signal obtained using ionization sensors (or ionic current sensors), it is possible to determine, for example, the onset of the combustion, the air–fuel ratio (and therefore the pollutant concentration at the exhaust), as well as to get information about the flame stability and the occurrence of periodic pressure variations in the combustion chamber. On this basis, even if the relationship between combustion parameters and flame induced ion density is highly dependent on the type of fuel, there is room to exploit the information of the ion sensors also with gas turbines, to optimize the operation of the combustor (e.g. reducing instability) and to monitor the polluting emissions. Ion or ionization sensors, which are usually used to measure the ion density in a burning gas, are essentially conductive electrodes capable of generating signals for either the charge transferred to/from the ionized gas and/or the charge induced on the electrodes themselves. The challenging issue concerns the choice of the materials for the sensor (electrodes and electrical insulators) which, being placed in the combustion chamber, must operate in extreme conditions, i.e., for example, in presence of very high temperatures. On the other hand, the conditioning front-end electronics for this kind of sensors is not critical. As far as the measurement of the concentration of toxic/pollutant compounds in exhaust gases is concerned, the most relevant compounds to be considered are carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Monitoring CO and NOx in the exhaust gases is important not only from the point of view of environmental pollution, but also because their concentrations are useful and reliable indicators about the combustion efficiency. The drawback is that, due to the measurement procedure, they cannot be used for a timely feedback control of the combustion process, the reason is that the exhaust gases must be sampled from the chimney and pumped to the measurement instrument (gas analyser), and this procedure introduces a significant delay between the instant in which the gases are produced by the combustion and the time at which they are analysed. From the standpoint of the measurement instruments, exhaust gas analysers with different accuracies and costs (which are usually relevant) are available on the market. These devices can be portable or fixed and can exploit different measurement principles. Besides cost, an issue of these devices is that accurate gas sensors need frequent calibration exploiting reference gas tanks, which can be a problem in specific industrial plants such as power generation or oil and gas plants. The possibility to use a more flexible gas analyser, with a better trade-off among cost, measurement accuracy, the calibration intervals and robustness, is a deeply felt need in the oil & gas sector, considering also that these instruments are required to operate in environments that can be severely harsh, especially in terms of temperature and humidity. In this thesis, the developed and tested, in laboratory and in actual real test rigs of two measurement instruments, one for ion current measurements and one for exhaust gas composition measurement is discussed. For the first instrument, a theoretical model of the ion sensor used was also developed, which significantly helped in interpreting the experimental data.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Arter, Micah. "The effects of diesel fuel density on fuel consumption measurements of portable in-use emissions measurement systems." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5509.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 91 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-62).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Johansson, Anton, and Martin Drangel. "Measurements and Modelling for Heat Transfer Corrected Exhaust Gas Temperatures in a Gasoline Engine." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157637.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis is treating the modelling of a thermocouple (tc) to compensate forheat transfers due to convection, radiation and conduction when performingtemperature measurements in an SI-engine. An experiment plan was developedwhich covered experiments in an stc-rig and on a 4-cylinder SI-engine. The measurementsin the stc-rig was mainly to develop the model, while the measurementsin the engine lab was mainly to examine the characteristics of the engineand evaluate the modelled tc.Measurements with an exposed thin tip tc in the stc-rig showed a symmetricaltemperature profile in the pipe. By examining how the 1.5 mm tc behaved inthis environment with known gas temperature profile, the obtained knowledgecould be applied to cross-sectional measurements in the SI-engine. It was foundthat the temperature profile in the engine deviated from the temperature profilemeasured in the stc-rig. The temperature was higher near the top of the pipethan in the center and lower part. In the horizontal direction, the temperaturewas found to be constant.Conclusions drawn from measurements in the engine lab points to that the crosssectionaltemperature and mass flow profiles have a strong connection with theengine’s operation point. The cross-sectional profiles, along with respective profileover time, is crucial when estimating the energy content of an exhaust gaspulse.The inverted sensor model with optimized parameters could estimate the meanvalue of the measured gas temperature during stationary runs within 6 degC.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Catalan, Ros Leyre. "Analysis of human exposure at local exhaust ventilation by means of 3D air velocity measurements, tracer gas tests and controlled turbulence environment." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19713.

Full text
Abstract:
Local exhaust (LE) ventilation is a ventilation technique where contaminated air is locally extracted close to the contaminant source usually with the purpose to reduce the exposure of workers to dust, fumes or vapour, which can be hazardous to their health. The performance of a LE installation depends however on many influential factors, and there is not yet an international standardized way to test LE constructions. The present study is the natural continuation of some previous studies at the University of Gävle that aimed at contributing to the establishment of such tests. The study entails full scale experimental measurements that include 3-D air velocity measurements and tracer gas tests in a controlled air turbulence environment generated through physical movements of a vertical, human-sized cylinder. These measurements were focused on human exposure, which was analysed by means of a seated human simulator for different configurations in which the exhaust flow rate, turbulence level, the exhaust hood arrangement and the measuring/injecting distance varied. The use of a sonic 3-D anemometer, that yielded both magnitude and direction of the air movement, proved very useful in analysing the generated air turbulence. As a measure of the LE performance, PNV value (Percentage of Negative Velocities) was used. This measure represents the percentage of time when the air flow at the measuring point in front of the exhaust hood is directed away from the nozzle, i.e. when the velocity component in the direction towards the exhaust hood opening is negative. Regarding the results obtained, in an otherwise undisturbed environment, measurement data showed that the natural convection from the human simulator sitting in front of the LE introduces some disturbances of the air flow in the suction region, proportional to the exhaust flow rate. However, when additional turbulence was generated through the controlled movements of the human-sized cylinder, thus creating a controlled turbulence setting, natural human convection leaded to a lower percentage of negative velocities (PNV) in comparison with the case in which human simulator was not present, especially for low exhaust air flow rates and when the exhaust hood was raised from the table. The tracer gas tests implied injection of a neutrally buoyant tracer gas through a perforated sphere placed in front of the exhaust hood. The amount of tracer gas that escaped from the suction flow was measured both in the room air and in the breathing zone. The first measurements yielded a sensitive method for measuring the capture efficiency (CE) of the exhaust hood. The CE is the percentage of injected tracer gas that is directly captured by the exhaust hood. This parameter showed that although the  convection flow generated by the human simulator leads to low PNV values, it seems that the tracer gas is not actually being captured, but trapped in that convection flow. As a consequence, PNV and CE get a strong correlation, which is even more intense when injection and capture point are closer together. Hence, PNV represents a good alternative to tracer gas measurements only if the relationship between the correlation of PNV and CE with respect to the distance from the injection to the capture point is known. Finally, measurements of tracer gas in the breathing zone showed random, short and high exposures when turbulence was generated and those exposures got worse by natural human convection.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Palaghita, Tudor I. "Combustor Exhaust Temperature Nonuniformity Sensing Using Diode Laser Absorption." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14574.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis describes the development of a sensing technique for temperature nonuniformity along the line of sight through combustion exhaust, geared for gas turbine applications. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is used to measure three absorption lines and compute a variable to characterize the level of temperature nonuniformity along the laser path. Nonuniformity information is obtained from one line of sight sensor because the absorption has a nonlinear dependence on temperature. This dependence is analyzed to determine the behaviour, shape, and response of absorption lines measured through mediums with nonuniform temperature profiles. Based on this analysis a new line selection process for nonuniformity sensing is developed. A sensor for temperature nonuniformity is proposed and demonstrated through computer simulations and experiments in the exhaust of a laboratory-scale combustor. The nonuniformity variable, U, is shown to monotonically track the level of temperature nonuniformity along the laser path. The capabilities of this sensing technique are determined based on a comprehensive analysis of errors and their effect on sensor performance. Methods to mitigate these errors are described, and the overall sensor capability is determined based on the characteristics of state of the art diode laser and absorption sensor technology. Such a sensor is capable of measuring minimum temperature deviations of 17% or more, which is well within the needed capabilities for industrial applications. Furthermore, the results and knowledge presented in this thesis apply to other absorption based sensing techniques.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Suarez-Bertoa, Ricardo, Michael Clairotte, Bertold Arlitt, Shigeru Nakatani, Leslie Hill, Klaus Winkler, Charlotte Kaarsberg, et al. "Intercomparison of ethanol, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde measurements from a flex-fuel vehicle exhaust during the WLTC." Elsevier, 2017. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73222.

Full text
Abstract:
An intercomparison exercise of the world-harmonized light-duty vehicle test procedure (WLTP) aiming at measuring ethanol, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions from a flex-fuel light-duty vehicle using E85 was conducted in the Vehicle Emission Laboratory (VELA) at the European Commission Joint Research Centre (EC-JRC), Ispra, Italy. The instruments used during the intercomparison allowed online measurements of these compounds directly from the diluted exhaust. Measurements were done either in real time or immediately after the test. The measurement and analysis of exhaust emissions over the world-harmonized light-duty vehicle test cycle was done by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-Qi-ToF-MS), photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) and gas chromatography (GC). Results showed that online systems can perform measurements from the vehicle diluted exhaust assuring a good repeatability (within instrument variance) and reproducibility (between instrument variance) of the results. Measurements from all the instruments were in good agreement (|Z-score| < 2). Results showed that online systems can perform measurements from the vehicle diluted exhaust assuring the reproducibility and repeatability of the results. Results obtained measuring at the tailpipe using a FTIR were in good agreement with those acquired measuring at the constant volume sampler (CVS). Considering the low sensitivity of the current technique used to measure hydrocarbons emissions towards oxygenated compounds (flame ionization detector; FID), non-methane organic gases (NMOG) were calculated applying their FID response factors to the measured emissions of ethanol, acetaldehyde and formaldehyde. NMOG resulted to be up to 74% higher than measured non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

BEAMER, BRYAN ROBERT. "DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL FOR EVALUATION OF LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION FOR MAIL-PROCESSING EQUIPMENT." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1089901302.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Fuller, Andrew D. "A flow rate measurement system for a mobile emissions measurement system." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1903.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 111 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-91).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Tiwari, Aseem. "Design, development and qualification of Compact Mobile Emissions Measurement System (CMEMS) for real-time on-board emissions measurement." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4944.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 125 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-125).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Riddle, Wesley C. "Design and evaluation of the emissions measurement components for a heavy-duty diesel powered vehicle mobile emissions measurement system (MEMS)." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1939.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 167 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-130).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Nandivada, Rakesh. "Experimental methodology for measurement of diesel exhaust particulates." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5484.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 69 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-64).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Laeeq, Muhammad Nadeem. "Performance evaluation of dryer units used in diesel emission measurement systems." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4208.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 82 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-82).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Meyer, Eric Todd. "Evaluation of exhaust flowrate measurement techniques for a mobile emissions monitoring system." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1855.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 89 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-68).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Aravelli, Aparna. "Real-time measurement of oxides of nitrogen from heavy-duty diesel engines." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3265.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 115 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-102).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Shade, Benjamin C. "A performance evaluation of the MEMS an on-road emissions measurement system study /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1592.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 118 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-104).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Knight, Jared Gregory. "Measurement of total hydrocarbon emissions with MEMS using a portable FID and a novel exhaust flow meter." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2725.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 155 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-123).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

Cirillo, Emily D. "Development of a micro-dilution tunnel system for in-use, on-board heavy duty vehicle particulate matter emissions measurement." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2085.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 147 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-124).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Hardin, John Wesley. "Quantification of soluble organic fraction measurement variation in diesel particulate matter emissions." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=6007.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 135 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-53).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Rongchai, Kanchit. "The High Temperature Condensation Particle Counter (HT-CPC) : a new instrument for a measurement of solid particulate matter." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708259.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Byers, Richard J. "Measurement of particulate matter size, concentration and mass emissions from in-use heavy duty vehicles." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1146.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xxi, 289 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 259-262).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

Gilbert, Marcus. "Investigation into the use of a tapered element oscillating microbalance for real-time particulate measurement." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2549.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 74 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-62).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Alwakiel, Heba Naguib. "Leveraging Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) Data to Estimate Link-Based Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emissions." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/247.

Full text
Abstract:
This research examines the use of archived weigh-in-motion (WIM) data to estimate link-based heavy-vehicle emissions for Oregon highways. This research combined data on vehicle speed, highway grade, and gross vehicle weight and relationship between these elements in published research to estimate the carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from trucks. Sensitivity analysis was conducted on the impact of uphill grade and gross vehicle weight on truck speed and emissions. The results suggest that with the data available in the weigh-in-motion archive and with a reasonable set of assumptions, link-based emissions for heavy-duty vehicles can be estimated. The carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions are found to increase when the speed, gross vehicle weight, or road grade increases. The relationship between nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions and vehicle weight was estimated to be linear. The potential to estimate the link-based heavy-vehicle emissions for Oregon highways using the weigh-in-motion data archive, which was mainly designed to estimate truck counts, has a great value in setting new measures to mitigate the heavy-vehicle emissions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Thomas, Gregory Shane. "Observations of the tapered element oscillating microbalance as compared to a gravimetric method for particulate matter measurement." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=6048.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 78 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-44).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

Skidmore, F. W., and n/a. "The influence of gas turbine combustor fluid mechanics on smoke emissions." Swinburne University of Technology, 1988. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20070420.131227.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis describes an experimental program covering the development of certain simple combustion chamber modifications to alleviate smoke emissions from the Allison T56 turboprop engines operated by the Royal Australian Air Force. The work includes a literature survey, smoke emission tests on two variants of the T56 engine, flow visualisation studies of the combustion system in a water tunnel and combustion rig tests of a standard combustor and four possible modifications. The rig tests showed that reductions in smoke emissions of 80% were possible by simple modifications that reduced the primary zone equivalence ratio and improved mixing in that zone.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Wright, Monica Elizabeth. "An Investigation of Urban Mobile Source Aerosol Using Optical Properties Measured by CRDT/N: Diesel Particulate Matter and the Impact of Biodiesel." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/673.

Full text
Abstract:
Mobile source emissions are a major contributor to global and local air pollution. Governments and regulatory agencies have been increasing the stringency of regulations in the transportation sector for the last ten years to help curb transportation sector air pollution. The need for regulations has been emphasized by scientific research on the impacts from ambient pollution, especially research on the effect of particulate matter on human health. The particulate emissions from diesel vehicles, diesel particulate matter (DPM) is considered a known or probable carcinogen in various countries and increased exposure to DPM is linked to increased cardiovascular health problems in humans. The toxicity of vehicle emissions and diesel particulate emissions in particular, in conjunction with an increased awareness of potential petroleum fuel shortages, international conflict over petroleum fuel sources and climate change science, have all contributed to the increase of biodiesel use as an additive to or replacement for petroleum fuel. The goal of this research is to determine how this increased use of biodiesel in the particular emission testing setup impacts urban air quality. To determine if biodiesel use contributes to a health or climate benefit, both the size range and general composition were investigated using a comprehensive comparison of the particulate component of the emissions in real time. The emissions from various biodiesel and diesel mixtures from a common diesel passenger vehicle were measured with a cavity ring-down transmissometer (CRDT) coupled with a condensation particle counter, a SMPS, a nephelometer, NOx, CO, CO2, and O3 measurements. From these data, key emission factors for several biodiesel and diesel fuel mixtures were developed. This approach reduces sampling artifacts and allows for the determination of optical properties, particle number concentration, and size distributions, along with several important gas phase species' concentrations. Findings indicate that biodiesel additions to diesel fuel do not necessarily have an air quality benefit for particulate emissions in this emission testing scenario. The often cited linear decrease in particulate emissions with increasing biodiesel content was not observed. Mixtures with half diesel and half biodiesel tended to have the highest particulate emissions in all size ranges. Mixtures with more than 50% biodiesel had slightly lower calculated mass for light absorbing carbon, but this reduction in mass is most likely a result of a shift in the size of the emission particles to a smaller size range, not a reduction in the total number of particles. Evaluation of the extensive optical properties from this experimental set-up indicates that biodiesel additions to diesel fuel has an impact on emission particle extinction in both visible and near-IR wavelengths. The B99 mixture had the smallest emission factor for extinction at 532 nm and at 1064 nm. For the extinction at 532 nm, the trend was not linear and the emission factor peaked at the B50 mixture. Results from intensive properties indicate that emissions from B5 and B25 mixtures have Ångström exponents close to 1, typical for black carbon emissions. The mixtures with a larger fraction of biodiesel have Ångström exponent values closer to 2, indicating more absorbing organic matter and/or smaller particle size in the emissions. Additional experimental testing should be completed to determine the application of these results and emission factors to other diesel vehicles or types of diesel and biodiesel fuel mixtures.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

Narasimhamurthy, Praveen R. "Investigation of techniques to improve measurement accuracy of NO, NO₂ and NOx emissions from heavy duty diesel engines." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2560.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 187 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-175).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

Leon, Marco E. "Diode laser measurement of H₂O, CO₂, and temperature in gas turbine exhaust through the application of wavelength modulation spectroscopy." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1447319.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Jan. 14, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-76).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

Bábíček, Ondřej. "Návrh řízení spalovací komory." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-444302.

Full text
Abstract:
The subject of the diploma thesis is research of the testing process exhaust clamps. There is a description of a testing device designed to provide simulations of the real operating conditions on an exhaust assembly. The testing device is named the Hot Gas Test Bench. The thesis solves the optimization process of the test setup by determining the optimal fuel ratio, which is given by air flow as oxidizer and flow of natural gas as fuel. The input parameters which provide flow of mentioned fluids are speeds of blowers. In diploma thesis is created a design of initialization and control process to ensure the optional combustion ratio during the entire length of the test.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Bouhara, Ammar. "Etude theorique et experimentale de la mesure par thermocouples de la temperature dans un flux gazeux instationnaire : application aux gaz d'echappement d'un moteur." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066149.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

Warey, Alok Arun. "Development of an electronic sensor for engine exhaust particulate measurements." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2184.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

Du, Chi-Luen, and 杜啟綸. "The Effects of Motors Exhaust Gas Measurement for Pollution Improvement." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22436159779444293463.

Full text
Abstract:
碩士
國立中興大學
機械工程學系
87
After motors multiple I/M program, motors emission had been improved. However, most obviously problem occurred in the procedure of operating. Taiwan’s test procedure is hot-start, but most of motors checked are cold-start. The engine is not warm up, motors emission is very serious. It caused some trouble. Otherwise, we could determine sampling-data corrected by using components of exhaust gas to compute air and fuel ratio (A/F). But there are some errors in that. So we must research these errors. So our study not only researches the emission measurement effects of cold-start engine, also discuss the A/F error range with real exhaust emission. In the final part of study, this paper will discuss detail of important parameters by using MOBILE5 to model motors emission factor. It mainly is annual mileage accumulation rates distribution, registration distribution by age and deterioration rates that can be got from I/M program. This paper will evaluate the effect of these three parameters. And it will compare the emission factors results of different three parameters.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

Yi, Chia-Chun, and 易嘉俊. "The Uncertainty Evaluation for the Measurement of Exhaust Gas of Motorcycles." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37592182562366617243.

Full text
Abstract:
碩士
朝陽科技大學
環境工程與管理系
103
This study adapted the procedure proposed by ISO GUM and Taiwan Accreditation Foundation to evaluate the measurement uncertainty of emission gases from motorcycles. The uncertainties of factors including gas analyzer correction and sampling were evaluated. According to the procedure of ISO GUM measuring guides, type A evaluation on exhaust detection of motor vehicles was used to obtain the data of the standard vehicle and calculating with variances. The results of this study show that the emission of cold start test is significantly higher than hot start test, indicating that the measurement under different start mode (hot vs. cold) would affect the measurement accuracy. The effect of the position of the sampling probe was also evaluated in this study. Three positions (60 cm, 40 cm and 20 cm depth from the exhaust pipe) were compared. The result show that the concentration is higher while the probe is set in the deeper position, which indicate that the probe position would affect the measurement results. In this study, gas analyzer correction and sampling factors were considered to evaluate the measurement uncertainties of the exhaust gases. The results show that under 68% of confidence level, the measurement uncertainties are 0.03% for CO, 39.55 ppm for HC, and 0.13% for CO2. Under the 95% confidence level, if k = 2 for expansion coefficient, the expanded uncertainties are 0.06% for CO, 79.11 ppm for HC, and 0.27% for CO2.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

Yao, Jun-Nan, and 姚俊男. "The Effects of Pollution Improvement of Vehicles Exhaust Gas Measurement using Remote Sensing." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29329146975804757284.

Full text
Abstract:
碩士
國立中興大學
機械工程學系
88
The main function of remote sensing devices is to screen highly emitted vehicles, and thus reduces the testing cost and time. Since 1996, the ROCEPA started the remote sensing program in Taiwan. A total of 1.8 millions data have been collected in the 1999 remote sensing program. The objective of this study was to analyze these data to find out the characteristics of vehicle emissions in Taiwan. Only a very small portion of the original data were screened out using the criteria based on combustion principles. The emission data can be described statistically with a gamma distribution. Vehicles less than 7 years old constituted 75% of the vehicle population, and the 1995 model year vehicles were ranked as the most popular model year. Results of analysis showed that old vehicles had higher emission concentrations than the new vehicles. However, the emitting ratio of new vehicles was higher than the old, because the new vehicles had more mileage and population. The emitting ratio of 4~7 years old vehicles was up to 40% of the total emissions. Besides, the vehicles in the top 10% of emitting rates contributed about 49.2% of the total emissions. As for the contributions from the automobile manufacturers, the TOYOTA was ranked as the lowest, and the FORD was ranked as the highest. However, discrepancies in emission concentrations between different manufactures became insignificant after 1993. The location of testing could affect the results of measuring. Besides, the reproduction of data were not good no matter these data were collected at the same location or at different locations. It is recommended that in order to find out the high emission vehicles, at least two measured data were required in the screening process. The emission characteristics of LPG vehicles were also investigated in this study. Results of comparisons between emissions of LPG vehicles and that of gasoline vehicles showed that LPG vehicles emitted more pollutants than the gasoline vehicles.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

Pang, Shih-Hao. "Life cycle inventory incorporating fuel cycle and real-world in-use measurement data for construction equipment and vehicles." 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12152007-080346/unrestricted/etd.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

LIN, BO-SHIANG, and 林柏翔. "The experimental study of fishing boats diesel oil add pure ether for diesel generator exhaust gas measurement analysis and the effect of external characteristics." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32016290453939853861.

Full text
Abstract:
碩士
國立高雄海洋科技大學
輪機工程研究所
104
This experiment by vertical single cylinder four stroke diesel generator set as the experimental machine, and use the current domestic general type of fishing boats as diesel engine fuel. Oil type by burning oil for fishing vessels and fishing boats oil mixed pure ethyl ether, according to the proportion (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%) mixed way. In the four kinds of resistive loads measuring the physical properties of exhaust gas temperature and burning diesel engine exhaust product quantity and remaining oxygen content. Test results can understand the four different load conditions, different ether added, four type combustion boat pure ether of diesel oil and adding different ratios of prime mover caused by physical and chemical conditions. Explore ether added to diesel oil to the improving effect of air pollution, and the choice of additives for the future reference.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
36

RYŠAVÝ, Tomáš. "Porovnání emisních norem u motorů JCB." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376040.

Full text
Abstract:
The aim of this diploma thesis is to compare the latest emission standards for JCB engines that are used in JCB telescopic loaders. The first part of this work is focused on the history of JCB, the development of JCB Loadall telescopic loaders and also deals with issues of emissions, their origin, effects on humans and the atmosphere. In addition, there are listed ways how to reduce emissions, both ways of reducing pollutants by designing the combustion chamber and reducing them by systems such as SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction), DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst), EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) and particulate filters. Emission regulations are included as well. The second part of this work is focused on the actual measurement of the exhaust gas emissions of JCB engines with different technologies for their reduction. The measured values will be further processed and inserted into tables and graphs that will then be compared to each other.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
37

Quigley, Christopher John 1962. "Refueling and evaporative emissions of volatile organic compounds from gasoline powered motor vehicles." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3642.

Full text
Abstract:
The United States Environmental Protection Agency has estimated that over 111 million people reside in areas that exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone. One major source of the chemical precursors (nitrogen dioxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)) for ozone are motor vehicles. The overall goal of this research is to improve the knowledge base related to VOC refueling and evaporative emissions from motor vehicles. Refueling, running loss, hot soak, and diurnal loss total and speciated VOC emissions were investigated. A total of 12 uncontrolled refueling events were completed and involved the determination of volumetric flow rates of gasoline vapor during refueling, as well as total and speciated VOC concentrations. Total VOC emissions were compared with two commonly used algorithms. Speciated VOC vapor profiles were compared with two published gasoline vapor profiles and theoretical predictions based on knowledge of liquid composition and environmental conditions. An evaluation of refueling emissions impacts on ozone formation potentials using MIR was completed and results were compared against speciated emissions and MOBILE-based total VOC emissions estimates coupled with a default speciation profile. Refueling VOC emissions and resultant ozone formation potential may be underestimated in existing emission inventories, particularly during the summer ozone season, A model was developed to predict the speciation of VOCs associated with evaporative emissions from motor vehicles. Model-predicted speciation profiles were evaluated using SHED studies. Running loss, hot soak and diurnal emissions were included in each test. Total VOC emissions measured during each test were compared against MOBILE6 predicted emissions. An evaluation of evaporative emissions impacts on ozone formation potentials using MIR was completed, comparing measured and predicted emissions. The measured:predicted speciation results ranged between 0.93 and 1.11 and had an average value of 1.02. For the conditions tested, MOBILE6 underestimated evaporative emissions in 20 of 24 comparisons. MOBILE6-based ozone formation potentials may be underestimated.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
38

Huq, Ragibul. "Development of a novel sensor for soot deposition measurement in a diesel particulate filter using electrical capacitance tomography." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5929.

Full text
Abstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
This paper presents a novel approach of particulate material (soot) measurement in a Diesel particulate filter using Electrical Capacitance Tomography. Modern Diesel Engines are equipped with Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF), as well as on-board technologies to evaluate the status of DPF because complete knowledge of DPF soot loading is very critical for robust efficient operation of the engine exhaust after treatment system. Emission regulations imposed upon all internal combustion engines including Diesel engines on gaseous as well as particulates (soot) emissions by Environment Regulatory Agencies. In course of time, soot will be deposited inside the DPFs which tend to clog the filter and hence generate a back pressure in the exhaust system, negatively impacting the fuel efficiency. To remove the soot build-up, regeneration of the DPF must be done as an engine exhaust after treatment process at pre-determined time intervals. Passive regeneration use exhaust heat and catalyst to burn the deposited soot but active regeneration use external energy in such as injection of diesel into an upstream DOC to burn the soot. Since the regeneration process consume fuel, a robust and efficient operation based on accurate knowledge of the particulate matter deposit (or soot load)becomes essential in order to keep the fuel consumption at a minimum. In this paper, we propose a sensing method for a DPF that can accurately measure in-situ soot load using Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT). Simulation results show that the proposed method offers an effective way to accurately estimate the soot load in DPF. The proposed method is expected to have a profound impact in improving overall PM filtering efficiency (and thereby fuel efficiency), and durability of a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) through appropriate closed loop regeneration operation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the bibliographies on the topic 'Exhaust gas measurements' for other source types:
Journal articles Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography