Academic literature on the topic 'Exertional heat stress'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Exertional heat stress.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Exertional heat stress"
1
Ogden, Henry B., Robert B. Child, Joanne L. Fallowfield, Simon K. Delves, Caroline S. Westwood, and Joseph D. Layden. "The Gastrointestinal Exertional Heat Stroke Paradigm: Pathophysiology, Assessment, Severity, Aetiology and Nutritional Countermeasures." Nutrients 12, no. 2 (February 19, 2020): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020537.
Full textAbstract:
Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a life-threatening medical condition involving thermoregulatory failure and is the most severe condition along a continuum of heat-related illnesses. Current EHS policy guidance principally advocates a thermoregulatory management approach, despite growing recognition that gastrointestinal (GI) microbial translocation contributes to disease pathophysiology. Contemporary research has focused to understand the relevance of GI barrier integrity and strategies to maintain it during periods of exertional-heat stress. GI barrier integrity can be assessed non-invasively using a variety of in vivo techniques, including active inert mixed-weight molecular probe recovery tests and passive biomarkers indicative of GI structural integrity loss or microbial translocation. Strenuous exercise is strongly characterised to disrupt GI barrier integrity, and aspects of this response correlate with the corresponding magnitude of thermal strain. The aetiology of GI barrier integrity loss following exertional-heat stress is poorly understood, though may directly relate to localised hyperthermia, splanchnic hypoperfusion-mediated ischemic injury, and neuroendocrine-immune alterations. Nutritional countermeasures to maintain GI barrier integrity following exertional-heat stress provide a promising approach to mitigate EHS. The focus of this review is to evaluate: (1) the GI paradigm of exertional heat stroke; (2) techniques to assess GI barrier integrity; (3) typical GI barrier integrity responses to exertional-heat stress; (4) the aetiology of GI barrier integrity loss following exertional-heat stress; and (5) nutritional countermeasures to maintain GI barrier integrity in response to exertional-heat stress.
2
Stojićević, Jelena, and Vanja Jovanović. "The effects of exertional heat stress on some complex cognitive functions." Praxis medica 50, no. 3-4 (2021): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pramed2104013s.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction/Aim: Heat stress represents the important problem in military services. This study investigates the effects of exertional heat stress on complex cognitive functions. Methods: 40 male soldiers performed exertional heat stress test, of which 10 performed the test of the same intensity in cool environment. Cognitive functions were mesured by computerized battery CANTAB, before and immediately after exertional heat stress test. Results: Exertional heat stress led to impairment of some cognitive functions in unacclimatized group: decrease of accuracy in MTS test (from 92,6±4,2% towards 84,5±6,9%, p<0,05) and PSRs (from 85,0±8,0% towards 77,0±9,6%, p<0,05), while similar decreases were recorded in MTS test in passively acclimatized group (from 92,2±5,5% towards 87,7±5,6%, p<0,05) i.e. in PSRs test in actively acclimatized group (from 83,3±6,3% towards 69,4±5,1%, p<0,05). The reaction time was not affected in any group whatsoever. Discussion and conclusion: Exertional heat stress leads to mild impairment of complex cognitive functions, particularly in domain of accuracy. Physical strain itself, however, does not affect cognitive functions. Relatively resistance to heat stress in zoung soldiers may be contributed to their high aerobic level.
3
Radakovic, Sonja, Jelena Maric, Velimir Rubezic, Maja Surbatovic, and Slavica Radjen. "Effects of acclimation on water and electrolitic disbalance in soldiers during exertional heat stress." Vojnosanitetski pregled 64, no. 3 (2007): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0703199r.
Full textAbstract:
Background/Aim. Exertional heat stress is a common problem in military services. The aim of this study was to examine changes in body water and serum concentrations of some electrolites in soldiers during exertional heat stress (EHST), as well as effects of 10-day passive or active acclimation in a climatic chamber. Methods. Forty male soldiers with high aerobic capacity, performed EHST either in cool (20 ?C, 16 ?C WBGT-wet bulb globe temperature), or hot (40 ?C, 25 ?C WBGT) environment, unacclimatized, or after 10 days of passive or active acclimation. The subjects were allowed to drink tap water ad libitum during EHST. Mean skin (Tsk) and tympanic (Tty) temperatures and heart rates (HR) measured physiological strain, while sweat rate (SwR), and serum concentrations of sodium, potassium and osmolality measured changes in water and electrolyte status. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after the EHST. Results. Exertional heat stress in hot conditions induced physiological heat stress (increase in Tty, HR, and SwR), with significant decrease in serum sodium concentration (140.6?1.52 before vs 138.5?1.0 mmol/l after EHST, p < 0.01) and osmolality (280.7?3.8 vs 277.5?2.6 mOsm/kg, p < 0.05) in the unacclimatized group. The acclimated soldiers suffered no such effects of exertional heat stress, despite almost the same degree of heat strain, measured by Tty, HR and SwR. Conclusion. In the trained soldiers, 10-day passive or active acclimation in a climatic chamber can prevent disturbances in water and electrolytic balance, i.e. decrease in serum sodium concentrations and osmolality induced by exertional heat stress.
4
Masic, Sinisa, Sonja Marjanovic, Jelena Maric, Vanja Jovanovic, Mirjana Joksimovic, and Danijela Ilic. "Relationship between heat storage and parameters of thermotolerance and fatigue in exertional-heat stress." Vojnosanitetski pregled, no. 00 (2021): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp211012099m.
Full textAbstract:
Background/Aim. The risk assessment of heat illness and fatigue development is very important in military services. the aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between heat storage and various psychophysiological parameters of heat stress, as well as potential peripheral markers of fatigue in soldiers performing exertional heat stress test. Methods. 15 young, healthy and unacclimatized men underwent exertional heat stress test (EHST) with submaximal work load in warm conditions (WBGT 29 ?C) in climatic chamber. Every 5 minutes following parameters of thermotolerance were measured or calculated: core temperature (Tc), mean skin (Tsk) and body temperature (Tb), heart rate (HR), heat storage (HS), physiological strain index (PSI), as well as peripheral markers of fatigue (blood concentrations of ammonia, urea nitrogen (BUN), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cortisol and prolactin) and subjective parameters: thermal sensation (TS) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Results. Tolerance time varied from 45-75 minutes (63?7,7 min). Average values of Tc, Tb, and HR constantly increased during EHST, while Tsk after 10 minutes reached the plateau. Concentrations of all investigated peripheral markers of fatigue were significantly higher after EHST compared to baseline levels (31,47?7,29 vs. 11,8?1,11 ?mol/l for ammonia; 5,92?0,73 vs. 4,69?0,74 mmol/l for BUN, 187,27?28,49 vs.152,73?23,39 U/l for LDH, 743,43?206,19 vs. 558,79?113,34 mmol/l for cortisol and 418,08?157,14 vs. 138,79?92,83 ?IU/mL for prolactin). Conclusions. This study demonstrates the relationship between heat storage and Tc, HR, TS and RPE, but also with PSI. Concentrations of cortisol and especially prolactin showed significant correlation with parameters of thermotolerance.
5
Flouris, Andreas D., Andrea Bravi, Heather E. Wright-Beatty, Geoffrey Green, Andrew J. Seely, and Glen P. Kenny. "Heart rate variability during exertional heat stress: effects of heat production and treatment." European Journal of Applied Physiology 114, no. 4 (January 5, 2014): 785–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-013-2804-7.
Full text
6
Radakovic, Sonja, Jelena Maric, Maja Surbatovic, Nadja Vasiljevic, and Mladen Milivojevic. "Influence of acclimatization on serum enzyme changes in soldiers during exertional heat stress." Vojnosanitetski pregled 66, no. 5 (2009): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0905359r.
Full textAbstract:
Background/Aim. Exertional heat stress is common problem in military services. The aim was to examine changes in serum concentrations of some enzymes in soldiers during exertional heat stress test (EHST) as well as the effects of 10-days passive or active acclimatization in climatic chamber. Methods. Forty male soldiers with high aerobic capacity, performed EHST either in cool (20 ?C, 16 ?C Wet bulb globe temperature - WBGT), or hot (40 ?C, 25 ?C WBGT) environment, unacclimatized, or after 10 days of passive or active acclimation. Physiological strain was measured by tympanic temperatures (Tty) and heart rates (HR). Concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine-kinase (CK) were measured in blood samples collected before and immediately after EHST. Results. Exertional heat stress test in hot conditions induced physiological heat stress (increase in Tty and HR), with significant increase in concentrations of all enzymes in unacclimatized group: ALT (42.5 ? 4.2 before vs 48.1 ? 3.75 U/L after EHST, p < 0.01), AST (24.9 ? 5.1 vs 33.4 ? 4.48 U/L, p < 0.01), LDH (160.6 ? 20.2 vs 195.7 ? 22.6 U/L, p < 0.001) and CK (215.5 ? 91.2 vs 279.1 ? 117.5 U/L, p < 0.05). In acclimatized soldiers there were no significant changes in concentrations of ALT and AST, while concentration of CK was significantly higher. Concentrations of LDH were significantly higher in all investigated groups, regardless of temperature conditions. Conclusion. In trained soldiers, 10-days passive or active acclimatization in climatic chamber can prevent increase in serum concentrations of ALT and AST, induced by exertional heat stress. Increase of serum concentrations of CK and LDH was induced by physical strain itself, with no additional effect of heat stress.
7
Maric, Jelena, Milan Marjanovic, Dalibor Jovanovic, Filip Stojanovic, Djordje Vukmirovic, and Vladimir Jakovljevic. "Simple And Complex Cognitive Functions Under Exertional Heat Stress." Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjecr-2015-0003.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTHeat stress is a significant problem in the military services. This study investigated the effects of exertional heat stress on cognitive performance.Forty unacclimated male soldiers performed exertional heat stress tests in cool (20 °C) and hot environments (40 °C). Cognitive performance was assessed using a computerized battery before and immediately after tests. Physical strain in cool conditions induced mild but significant deficits in accuracy in complex tests. The number of correct answers in the Matching to Sample Visual Search was reduced (92,18% correct answers before vs. 88,64 after; p<0,05) and also in the spatial part of the Pattern and Spatial Recognition Memory Test (85,25 vs. 8,75%; p<0,05). These decreases were more pronounced in hot conditions (92,38 vs. 84,31% in before and 84,21 vs. 73,42% in the latter test; ps<0,01 and <0,001, respectively). Exertional heat stress also impaired more simple cognitive functions. A significant decrease in accuracy (95,74 vs. 93,89%) and an increase in reaction time (300,32 vs. 315,00 ms) was observed in the Reaction Time test.Strenuous physical activity in a hot environment induces mild cognitive deficits, especially in more complex tasks.
8
Vesic, Zoran, Milica Vukasinovic-Vesic, Dragan Dincic, Maja Surbatovic, and Sonja Radakovic. "The effects of acclimatization on blood clotting parameters in exertional heat stress." Vojnosanitetski pregled 70, no. 7 (2013): 670–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp120630013v.
Full textAbstract:
Background/Aim. Exertional heat stress is a common problem in military services. Considering the coagulation abnormalities are of major importance in development of severe heat stroke, we wanted to examine changes in hemostatic parameters in soldiers during exertional heat stress test as well as the effects of a 10-day passive or active acclimatization in a climatic chamber. Methods. A total of 40 male soldiers with high aerobic capacity performed exertional heat stress test (EHST) either in cool [20?C, 16?C wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT)], or hot (40?C, 29?C, (WBGT) environment, unacclimatized (U) or after 10 days of passive (P) or active (A) acclimatization. Physiological strain was measured by tympanic temperatures (Tty) and heart rates (HR). Platelet count (PC), antithrombin III (AT), and prothrombin time (PT) were assessed in blood samples collected before and immediately after the EHST. Results. EHST in hot conditions induced physiological heat stress (increase in Tty and HR), with a significant increase in prothrombin time in the groups U and A. Platelet counts were significantly higher after the EHST compared to the basic levels in all the investigated groups, regardless environmental conditions and acclimatization state. Antithrombin levels were not affected by EHST whatsoever. Conclusion. In the trained soldiers, physiological heat stress caused mild changes in some serum parameters of blood clotting such as prothrombin time, while others such as antithrombin levels were not affected. Platelet counts were increased after EHST in all groups. A 10-day passive or active acclimatization in climatic chamber showed no effect on parameters investigated.
9
Laitano, Orlando, Christian K. Garcia, Alex J. Mattingly, Gerard P. Robinson, Kevin O. Murray, Michelle King, Brian Ingram, Sivapriya Ramamoorthy, Lisa R. Leon, and Thomas L. Clanton. "Stress‐Induced Cardiomyopathy Following Exertional Heat Stroke in Mice." FASEB Journal 34, S1 (April 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.02108.
Full text
10
Ren, Ming Qiang, Josh B. Kazman, Preetha A. Abraham, Danit Atias-Varon, Yuval Heled, and Patricia A. Deuster. "Gene expression profiling of humans under exertional heat stress: Comparisons between persons with and without exertional heat stroke." Journal of Thermal Biology 85 (October 2019): 102423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102423.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Exertional heat stress"
1
Anderson, Christopher Allan John. "Repeated exercise in heat and exertional alterations to thermoregulation (REHEAT)." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/135793/2/Christopher_Anderson_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is an investigation into the effects of repeated bouts of exercise and rest on core temperature responses between men and women, following current Australian Army work guidelines. The findings of this thesis suggest that the current guidelines appropriately protect both men and women working in the heat and may inform Australian Army decision making regarding appropriate durations for up to four repeated bouts of work and rest when working in extreme heat.
2
Garzon-Villalba, Ximena Garzon-Villalba. "Assessment of Prolonged Occupational Exposure to Heat Stress." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6240.
Full textAbstract:
Heat stress is a recognized occupational hazard present in many work environments. Its effects increase with increasing environmental heat loads. There is good evidence that exertional heat illness is associated with ambient thermal conditions in outdoor environments. Further, there is reason to believe that risk of acute injury may also increase with the ambient environment. For these reasons, the assessment of heat stress, which can be done through the characterization of the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT), is designed to limit exposures to those that could be sustained for an 8-h day. The ACGIH Threshold Limit Value (TLV) for heat stress was based on limited data from Lind in the 1960s. Because there are practical limitations of using thermal indices, measurement of physiological parameters, such as body temperature and heart rate are used with environmental indices or as their alternative.
The illness and injury records from the Deepwater Horizon cleanup effort provided an opportunity to examine the effects of ambient thermal conditions on exertional heat illness and acute injury, and also the cumulative effect of the previous day’s environmental conditions. The ability of the current WBGT-based occupational exposure limits to discriminate unsustainable heat exposures, and the proposal of alternative occupational limits was performed on data from two progressive heat stress protocol trials performed at USF. The USF studies also provided the opportunity to explore physiological strain indicators (rectal temperature, heart rate, skin temperature and the Physiological Strain Index) to determine the threshold between unsustainable and sustainable heat exposures. Analysis were performed using Poisson models, conditional logistic regressions, logistic regressions, and receiver operator curves (ROC curves).
It was found that the odds to present an acute event, either exertional heat illness or acute injuries increased significantly with rising environmental conditions above 20 °C (RR 1.40 and RR 1.06, respectively). There was evidence of the cumulative effect from the prior day’s temperature and increased risk of exertional heat illness (RRs from 1.0–10.4). Regarding the accuracy of the current TLV, the results of the present investigation showed that this occupational exposure limit is extremely sensitive to predict cases associated with unsustainable heat exposures, its area under the curve (AUC) was 0.85; however its specificity was very low (specificity=0.05), with a huge percentage of false positives (95%). The suggested alternative models improved the specificity of the occupational exposure limits (specificities from 0.36 to 0.50), maintaining large AUCs (between 0.84 and 0.89). Nevertheless, any decision in trading sensitivity for specificity must be taken with extreme caution because of the steeped increment risk of heat related illness associated with small increments in environmental heat found also in the present study. Physiologic heat strain indices were found as accurate predictors for unsustainable heat stress exposures (AUCs from 0.74 to 0.89), especially when measurements of heart rate and skin temperature are combined (AUC=0.89 with a specificity of 0.56 at a sensitivity=0.95). Their implementation in industrial settings seems to be practical to prevent unsustainable heat stress conditions.
3
Carlson, Mark. "Post-Exercise Responses During Treatment Delays do not Affect the Physiological Responses to Cooling in Cold Water in Hyperthermic Individuals." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24392.
Full textAbstract:
Victims of exertional heat stroke (EHS) in whom treatment is delayed have higher rates of multi-organ failure and a greater number of fatalities. Death related to EHS is preventable, through immediate treatment via cold-water immersion (CWI). To date little is known about the influence of treatment delays on core cooling following EHS. Thus we sought to examine the effects of treatment delays on cardiovascular and thermal responses prior to, during, and following CWI treatment in individuals with exercise-induced hyperthermia.
Our findings demonstrate that treatment delays resulted in a sustained level of hyperthermia and cardiovascular strain that significantly increased the time an individual is at risk to the potential lethal effects of EHS. Moreover, we report that cold water immersion treatment is powerful enough to overcome the adverse effects of treatment delays and rapidly reduce core temperatures while facilitating the re-establishment of blood pressure towards normal resting levels.
4
McCeney, Melissa Kay. "Biobehavioral triggers of cardiac arrhythmia during daily life : the role of emotion, physical activity, and heart rate variability /." Download the dissertation in PDF, 2004. http://www.lrc.usuhs.mil/dissertations/pdf/McCeney2004.pdf.
Full text
5
Novas, Anabela M. P. C. "Tennis training, upper respiratory tract infections and salivary immunoglobulin A." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36789/1/36789_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) are one of the most common illnesses affecting the general population and particularly athletes, often reducing the individual capacity of physical performance. Epidemiological data suggest that intensive exercise, training and competition may increase susceptibility to respiratory infections. On the other hand, some studies defend that less active subjects may reduce their risk of URTI by engaging in moderate exercise training. Nevertheless, reports are not unanimous and frequently contained various limitations. The higher incidence of infections in elite athletes has been widely attributed to immune suppression induced by exhaustive exercise, however this has not been clearly demonstrated. The present series of studies aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity and the incidence of URTI in young healthy females with a range of physical activity levels, from sedentary to elite athletes (tennis players). Additionally, it was intended to explore the temporal association between specific characteristics of tennis training and competition, the incidence of URTI, and salivary lgA levels (μg.mr1 ; μg.min-1 ) and changes, in elite female tennis players over a 12-week period. To accomplish the objectives described, a practical method for quantifying tennis play was validated and applied. Major findings of this research include the greater incidence of URTI symptomatology in girls with low or extremely high levels of physical activity as compared to those with moderate levels. Moreover, the incidence of URTI in elite tennis players was directly correlated with the training load and competition level, on a weekly basis. In the subsequent study, one hour of intense tennis play produced a significant drop in salivary lgA secretion rate (S-lgA), and the magnitude of the immune suppression was directly associated with the amount of training undertaken during the previous day and week (P<0.05). Nevertheless, tennis training did not seem to suppress chronically salivary lgA as positive correlations were found between resting salivary lgA levels of concentration and secretion rate, and the amount of training undertaken previously. Finally, it was noted a sharper post-exercise drop in S-lgA in occasions preceding an URTI episode compared to occasions when the infection did not develop subsequently (within 7 days). However, this parameter was not a specific predictor of URTI, in this cohort of athletes.
6
"Heat Stress Degrades Hiking Performance." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53475.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: This study investigated the effect of environmental heat stress on physiological and performance measures during a ~4 mi time trial (TT) mountain hike in the Phoenix metropolitan area. Participants (n = 12; 7M/5F; age 21.6 ± 2.47 [SD]) climbed ‘A’ mountain (~1 mi) four times on a hot day (HOT; wet bulb globe temperature [WBGT] = 31.6°C) and again on a moderate day (MOD; WBGT = 19.0°C). Physiological and performance measures were made before and throughout the course of each hike. Mean pre-hike hydration status (urine specific gravity [USG]) indicated that participants began both HOT and MOD trials in a euhydrated state (1.016 ± 0.010 and 1.010 ± 0.008, respectively) and means did not differ significantly between trials (p = .085). Time trial performance was impaired by -11% (11.1 minutes) in the HOT trial (105 ± 21.7 min), compared to MOD (93.9 ± 13.1 min) (p = .013). Peak core temperatures were significantly higher in HOT (38.5 ± 0.36°C) versus MOD (38.0 ± 0.30°C) with progressively increasing differences between trials over time (p < .001). Peak ratings of perceived exertion were significantly higher in HOT (14.2 ± 2.38) compared to MOD (11.9 ± 2.02) (p = .007). Relative intensity (percent of age-predicted maximal heart rate [HR]), estimated absolute intensity (metabolic equivalents [METs]), and estimated energy expenditure (MET-h) were all increased in HOT, but not significantly so. The HOT condition reduced predicted maximal aerobic capacity (CRFp) by 6% (p = .026). Sweat rates differed significantly between HOT (1.38 ± 0.53 L/h) and MOD (0.84 ± 0.27 L/h) (p = .01). Percent body mass loss (PBML) did not differ significantly between HOT (1.06 ± 0.95%) and MOD (0.98 ± 0.84%) (p = .869). All repeated measures variables showed significant between-subjects effects (p < .05), indicating individual differences in response to test conditions. Heat stress was shown to negatively affect physiological and performance measures in recreational mountain hikers. However, considerable variation exists between individuals, and the degree of physiological and performance impairment is probably due, in part, to differences in aerobic fitness and acclimatization status rather than pre- or during-performance hydration status.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Exercise and Wellness 2019
Books on the topic "Exertional heat stress"
1
S, Hales J. R., Richards D. A. B, and Transactions of the Menzies Foundation., eds. Heat stress: Physical exertion and environment : proceedings of the 1st World Conference on Heat Stress, Physical Exertion and Environment, held in Sydney, Australia, 27 April-1 May 1987. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1987.
Find full text
2
Exertional Heat Illnesses. Human Kinetics Publishers, 2003.
Find full text
3
Hyperthermic and hypermetabolic disorders: Exertional heat stroke, malignant hyperthermia, and related syndromes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Find full text
4
(Editor), Philip M. Hopkins, and F. R. Ellis (Editor), eds. Hyperthermic and Hypermetabolic Disorders: Exertional Heat-Stroke, Malignant Hyperthermia and Related Syndromes. Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Find full text
5
Lancellotti, Patrizio, and Bernard Cosyns. Stress Echocardiography. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713623.003.0016.
Full textAbstract:
Stress echocardiography is well established in patients with ischaemic and has gained growing interest in non-ischaemic heart disease. Indications for stress echocardiography are grouped in very broad categories to encompass the overwhelming majority of patients. These include; coronary artery disease diagnosis, prognosis and risk stratification in patients with established diagnosis (for example, after myocardial infarction), preoperative risk assessment, evaluation for cardiac aetiology of exertional dyspnoea, assessment of pulmonary hypertension, evaluation after revascularization, Ischaemia location, and evaluation of heart valve stenosis severity, athletes’ hearts or heart transplants.
6
Chambers, John B., Phillipe Pibarot, and Raphael Rosenhek. Replacement heart valves. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0040.
Full textAbstract:
Echocardiography is the mainstay investigation for assessing replacement valve function and detecting pathology. Transthoracic echocardiography is sufficient for assessing patients routinely with no evidence of pathology. However, in patients with suspected dysfunction, the addition of transoesophageal echocardiography is usually necessary. Stress echocardiography may also be necessary in patients with exertional symptoms unexplained by the resting transthoracic echocardiography. New modalities, notably computed tomography and magnetic resonance, provide complementary information in selected cases. This chapter summarizes the normal appearance of replacement valves by position and also describes the diagnosis of pathology.
7
Chambers, John B., and Jean-Louis Vanoverschelde. Replacement heart valves. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199599639.003.0017.
Full textAbstract:
Echocardiography is the gold-standard investigation for assessing replacement valve function and detecting pathology. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is sufficient for assessing patients routinely with no evidence of pathology. However, in patients with suspected dysfunction, the addition of transoesophageal echocardiography is usually necessary. Stress echocardiography may also be necessary in patients with exertional symptoms unexplained by the resting TTE.There are comprehensive International Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of prosthetic valves1 and the management of clinical problems.2,3 Stented valves placed using transcatheter techniques are rapidly becoming established.4 The aim of this chapter is to summarize the normal appearance of replacement valves by position and also to describe the diagnosis of pathology.
Book chapters on the topic "Exertional heat stress"
1
Belval, Luke N., and Margaret C. Morrissey. "Physiological Response to Heat Stress." In Exertional Heat Illness, 17–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27805-2_2.
Full text
2
Laitano, Orlando, Michelle A. King, and Lisa R. Leon. "Common Misconceptions in Classic and Exertional Heat Stroke." In Heat Stress in Sport and Exercise, 91–112. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93515-7_5.
Full text
3
Badano, Luigi P., and Denisa Muraru. "Heart valve prostheses." In The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Imaging, 185–204. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198703341.003.0015.
Full textAbstract:
Echocardiography is the single most-useful imaging modality to assess heart valve prosteses function. In the majority of patients, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is sufficient to assess baseline prostehsis hemodynamics and routine follow-up studies. However, in patients with suspected dysfunction, particularly for prostheses in mitral position, the addition of transoesophageal echocardiography is usually necessary. Stress echocardiography may also be necessary in patients with exertional symptoms unexplained by the resting TTE. To increase accuracy in detecting prosthesis malfunction and to address patient management, a baseline echocardiographic study obtained between 3 and 6 months after valve replacement, should be used to compare follow-up study data. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the normal appearance of heart valve prostheses by position and also to describe the echocardiographic findings of malfunctioning valves.
4
"Physical exertion in military during heat stress conditions—preliminary results." In Occupational Safety and Hygiene IV, 591–96. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21172-111.
Full text
5
Sylvies, Fiona R., and Myrvin H. Ellestad. "Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Responses to Exercise." In Ellestad's Stress Testing, edited by Gregory S. Thomas, L. Samuel Wann, and Myrvin H. Ellestad, 373–412. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190225483.003.0020.
Full textAbstract:
The chapter Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Responses to Exercise reviews the changes in cardiac function when called upon to increase its output of oxygenated blood during exercise. A deep understanding of exercise physiology enhances one’s ability to understand the pathophysiology of ischemia and coronary artery disease (CAD) inherent in the performance of stress testing. With the onset of exercise, the body exhibits an almost immediate response through alterations in heart rate, preload, contractility, stroke volume, and coronary blood flow, all to compensate for augmented metabolic demands. Individual characteristics such as age, sex, and fitness impact a person’s physiological response to exertion. Differences in exercise modality, duration, intensity, and frequency will provoke unique responses, which can be utilized to design exercise prescriptions specific to a patient’s goals and medical needs.
6
Thomas, Gregory S., and Myrvin H. Ellestad. "Blood Pressure Measurements during Exercise Testing." In Ellestad's Stress Testing, edited by Gregory S. Thomas, L. Samuel Wann, and Myrvin H. Ellestad, 107–34. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190225483.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
``The chapter Blood Pressure Measurement During Exercise reviews the 3 methods of sphygmomanometry to measure blood pressure and normal and abnormal blood pressure responses to exercise. Mercury, aneroid, and oscillometric assessment of Korotkoff sounds provide accurate measurement. Periodic calibration is important for aneroid and oscillometric devices. With verification, automated oscillometric measurements during exercise can be accurate. The normal blood pressure response to exercise testing is an incremental increase in systolic blood pressure with minimal change in diastolic blood pressure. Exercise induced hypotension, particularly early in exercise, is predictive of severe coronary artery disease (CAD). Its occurrence at peak exercise at a high level of exertion may occur in normal individuals secondary to exhaustion. An exaggerated systolic response to exercise is modestly predictive of future hypertension. A slow decrease is systolic blood pressure during recovery is suggestive of CAD, likely secondary to less vagal tone, analogous to a slow decrease in heart rate during recovery.
7
Pottle, Alison. "Understanding Coronary Heart Disease." In Adult Nursing Practice. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199697410.003.0016.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this chapter is to provide nurses with the knowledge to be able to assess, manage, and care for people with coronary heart disease (CHD) in an evidence-based and person-centred way. The chapter will provide a comprehensive overview of the causes, risk factors, and impact of CHD. In guiding you through patient assessment, the differences between acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and angina are established before exploring best practice to deliver care, as well as to prevent or to minimize further ill-health. Nursing assessments and priorities are highlighted throughout, and the nursing management of the symptoms and common health problems associated with coronary heart disease can be found in Chapters 15, 22, 24, and 25, respectively. CHD is defined as the failure of the coronary arteries to deliver adequate oxygen for myocardial work. It is almost always caused by atherosclerosis—a gradual build-up of fatty plaques within the artery wall that reduces blood flow. This failure to meet metabolic demands results in a range of clinical conditions sharing common pathological process (Baxendale, 1992), including ACS and angina. Chest pain is the symptom that informs clinical decision-making. It is classified based on history-taking and investigations such as the electrocardiogram (ECG). Angina was first described by Heberden in 1772 as a ‘painful and disagreeable sensation in the breast, which seems as if it would take their life away if it were to increase or continue.’ (cited by Fox et al., 2006). Stable angina is described as a clinical syndrome that is characterized by discomfort in the chest, jaw, shoulder, back, and arms, typically elicited by exertional emotional stress and relieved by rest or nitroglycerine (Fox et al., 2006). ACS is an umbrella term for several clinical presentations, including unstable angina, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The European Society of Cardiology defines ACS as ‘. . . a life threatening manifestation of atherosclerosis . . . caused by a ruptured atherosclerotic plaque . . . causing sudden complete or critical reduction in blood flow’ (Bassand et al., 2007).
8
Wallace, Daniel J., and Janice Brock Wallace. "Work and Disability." In All About Fibromyalgia. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195147537.003.0035.
Full textAbstract:
Most of us have to work for a living. There are bills to pay and families to provide for. Since fibromyalgia patients do not usually look ill and on superficial examination appear strong, complaints of difficulty performing the job can be hard to believe. This chapter will review definitions as they apply to disability, impairments reported in fibromyalgia patients, and constructive approaches that allow individuals with the syndrome to work most effectively. The World Health Organization defines disability as a limitation of function that compromises the ability to perform an activity within a range considered normal. Efforts to manage work disabilities considers issues such as age, sex, level of education, psychological profile, past attainments, motivation, retraining prospects, and social support systems. Additionally, work disability issues take into account work-related self-esteem, motivation, stress, fatigue, personal value systems, and availability of financial compensation. An impairment is an anatomic, physiologic, or psychological loss that leads to disability. Impairments include pain from work activities (e.g., heavy lifting), emotional stress (e.g., working in a complaint department), or muscle dysfunction (e.g., cerebral palsy). A handicap is a job limitation or something that cannot be done (e.g., deafness). Patients with a disability can be permanently, totally disabled and thus potentially eligible for Social Security Disability and Medicare health benefits. Other classifications include being permanently, partially disabled, whereby vocational rehabilitation, occupational therapy, and psychological or ergonomic evaluations can address impairments or handicaps to optimize employment retraining possibilities. Temporary, partial disability allows one to work with restrictions (e.g., no lifting more than ten pounds) while treatment is in progress. Temporary, total disability involves a leave of absence from employment while undergoing treatment so that one can return to work. Subjective factors of disability include symptoms such as pain or fatigue, while objective factors of disability are physical signs such as a heart murmur or a swollen joint. One can be disabled from a work category and granted disability even if employment is ongoing in a different work category. Work categories are rated as sedentary, light work, light medium work, medium work, heavy work, or very heavy work, each defined by how much exertion is used over a time interval.
9
Farne, Hugo, Edward Norris-Cervetto, and James Warbrick-Smith. "Shortness of breath." In Oxford Cases in Medicine and Surgery. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198716228.003.0016.
Full textAbstract:
Shortness of breath essentially means either that not enough oxygen is getting around the body or that there is a cause for increased respiratory drive. This could be due to many causes, as shown in Figure 10.1: • Timing of onset? This is crucial because vascular (e.g. PE) and mechanical (e.g. pneumothorax, foreign body) pathologies present suddenly. At the other end of the spectrum, it may take weeks or months before diseases such as lung cancer or pulmonary fibrosis cause sufficient dyspnoea for the patient to present. • Alleviating or exacerbating factors? Most shortness of breath will be worse on exertion. However, heart failure will also be worse on lying flat; asthma will usually be worse at certain times of the year (e.g. due to pollen allergy, cold climate), in certain places (e.g. in dusty environments, or when the pets are around), during intense cardiovascular exercise (e.g. running), or in the early hours of the morning. Psychogenic hyperventilation will be worse at times of anxiety and stress. • Smoking? Never forget to ask about smoking and to quantify this in terms of ‘pack years’ smoked (1 pack = 20 cigarettes; 20 cigarettes a day for a year = 1 pack year). • Pets? The patient may be allergic to pets, especially new ones. • Occupational history? Ask about jobs—there are still lots of people who have been exposed to asbestos, silica dust, and coal particulates in past jobs and who are at risk of pneumoconioses. • Medications? Certain drugs can cause hypersensitivity pneumonitis (previously called extrinsic allergic alveolitis, a type of interstitial lung disease), e.g. nitrofurantoin, amiodarone, methotrexate, bleomycin. • Past medical history? Autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus can cause interstitial lung disease and pleural effusions. • Cough? A cough points strongly towards a respiratory pathology. The nature of the cough is important: Is it productive? What colour is the sputum? Is there any blood? When does the cough occur? What does the cough sound like? A persistent, productive cough over the last few days suggests pneumonia; a persistent, productive cough on most days of the past 3 months and spanning years suggests chronic bronchitis; a dry cough present mainly during the episodes of shortness of breath or at night suggests asthma, but may also be a feature of left ventricular failure; bloodstained sputum may suggest a PE, lung cancer, or a cavitating pneumonia.
Conference papers on the topic "Exertional heat stress"
1
Itani, Mariam, Nesreen Ghaddar, Kamel Ghali, Beatrice Khater, Djamel Ouahrani, and Walid Chakroun. "Experimental Study on Effective Placement of PCM Packets in Cooling Vest to Improve Performance in Warm Environment." In ASME 2017 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2017-4756.
Full textAbstract:
Global warming has increased the risk of heat stress of outdoor workers and one measure against heat stress is wearing passive personal cooling clothing. Passive body cooling systems, including phase change material (PCM) cooling vests, are considered as an effective solution to improve the working endurance of outdoor active workers. The objective of this study is to assess the effective placement of PCM packets in the cooling vest by examining the local and overall sensation and comfort when: (i) only the frontal segment of the human torso is covered (ii) only the back segment of the human torso is covered and (iii) both segments are covered. The PCM cooling vest is worn by human subjects performing cycling at about 3 Mets and for 30 minutes in a climatic chamber maintained at 28 °C and 60 % relative humidity. The used PCM melting temperature is 28 °C with a coverage area of 642 cm2 and total weight of the vest of 1.19 kg including 8 PCM packets (87.5 grams each). The physiological/thermal responses such as body core and mean skin temperatures, heart rate, and skin wittedness are monitored during the experiments while exercising and wearing the vest. In particular, the frontal and back torso skin temperatures are examined after being subjected to local cooling compared to the case when no PCM packets cover the torso segment. Moreover, subjective votes of thermal comfort, whole body and torso thermal sensations, skin and clothing wetness sensation and perceived exertion are recorded throughout the experiment. The experiment was repeated on five male subjects to ensure robustness of the obtained results. It was found that the core temperature changed slightly when wearing the vest, however the local skin temperature of the back and front torso segments decreased by about 5 °C and 3 °C at the end of the exercise, respectively. Gradual improvement in comfort that reaches a stable level when the PCM starts melting till the end of the exercise was also noticed.
2
Mneimneh, Farah, Nesreen Ghaddar, Kamel Ghali, Charbel Moussalem, and Ibrahim Omeis. "Experiment Study for Evaluation of Phase Change Material Cooling Vest’s Effectiveness at Two Melting Points Used by People With Paraplegia During Exercise." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23083.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Phase change material (PCM) cooling vests were tested on people with thoracic (T1-T12) spinal cord injury (SCI), also called people with paraplegia (PA), during exercise in heat. The purpose was to reduce heat stress, limit the increase in core temperature, and improve thermal comfort for PA under high metabolic rates and hot ambient conditions. This health risk was a result of thoracic SCI and disruption of thermoregulatory responses in PA. The current study aims to evaluate the efficacy of cooling vest on PA during arm-crank exercise at two melting points, 20°C (V20) and 14°C (V14) compared to no vest test (NV). Eleven participants with high- (T1-T3) and mid-thoracic SCI (T4-T8) were selected to participate in three tests. Core and skin temperatures and heart rate values were measured during 15-min precondition, 30-min exercise and 15-min recovery. Subjective voting of thermal comfort, sensation, skin wettedness and perceived exertion were recorded during exercise only. The main findings revealed significant reduction in change in core temperature (0.42±0.3°C;0.38±0.2°C) in V20 and V14 compared to NV tests for mid-thoracic group. For high-thoracic group, V20 and V14 were least effective in reducing core temperature (p > 0.05). Improvements in thermal comfort was established when using V14 and V20 compared to NV by 85% and 30% for high-thoracic group and by 72% and 53% for mid-thoracic group.
3
Giovanelli, Yonnel, Fréderic Puel, Camélia Mahdi, Arnaud Gouelle, and William Bertucci. "Comparative evaluation of cervical exoskeletons using IMUs." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001483.
Full textAbstract:
Musculoskeletal disorders and pain in the neck and shoulders are commonly reported in workers whose activities imply overhead tasks. Repetitive passive head support or traumatic movements of the neck can cause damage to the ligaments and tendons of this region, with mild to severe long-term consequences. Exoskeletons are one of the solutions to help workers and their evaluation requires scientific methods and protocols to prove their effectiveness and make recommendations (Crea et al., 2021) (De Bock et al., 2022). Cervical exoskeletons could therefore be a valuable ergonomic solution to reduce stress on the neck and shoulders. However, while the growth of exoskeleton technology has led to multiple systems available on the market, it is still difficult to objectively determine which type or model of neck exoskeleton is the best adapted for overhead work and if the user’s perception matches with biomechanical outcomes.In this randomized crossover design study, 8 participants (3 women) performed dynamic and static extensions of the head in sitting position without trunk support for a period of 3 minutes (then 3 minutes of rest) while wearing three different head/neck exoskeletons in comparison with a situation without an exoskeleton. This allowed us to evaluate comfort, utility, usability, safety and impact (AFNOR, 2017) (Giovanelli & Touchard, 2018). A solution, based on synchronized merger of wireless inertial sensors, EMG signals, Polar OH1+ optical heart rate sensor (Hettiarachchi et al., 2019) and videos of the task (Motion CAPTIV, TEA, France) (Peeters et al., 2019) was used to examine joint angles of the head and spine movements, the bioelectrical activity of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and heart rate. Further these biomechanical and physiological outcomes, the perception of intensity was assessed by the Borg scale (Meyer, 2014) : CR10 Scale for the cervical and lumbar spine as well by the Rated Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scale for the global level of activity.The synthesis of this comparative analysis was carried out and compiled in the form of a conceptual basis from the C-K theory (Hatchuel & Weil, 2003) from the analysis of the design logic of exoskeletons.The results of this comparative analysis showed differences in terms of comfort, utility, usability, safety depending on the design logic of the solutions tested, but also depending on the morphology of the testers.