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Hollrock, Ardelle P. "Exercise and the Elderly." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HollrockAP2004.pdf.
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Brassington, Glenn S. "Social support and exercise : adherence among older adults /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9988649.
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Chan, Wing-kwan. "Air pollution and mortality among the elderly in Hong Kong effect modification by smoking habits and physical activity /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41508403.
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Chen, Kuei Min. "The effects of Tai Chi on the well being of community dwelling elders in Taiwan /." Diss., ON-CAMPUS Access For University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Click on "Connect to Digital Dissertations", 2000. http://www.lib.umn.edu/articles/proquest.phtml.
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Whitehead, Thomas M. "Full of life exercise and fitness guide for older adults." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/530359.
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The purpose of this study was to: 1) review the literature as it pertained to physical fitness for older adults and 2) develop an exercise and fitness guide to be used by older adults.Much of the literature dealing with: 1) cardiorespiratory endurance, 2) flexibility, 3) muscular strength and endurance, and 4) balance and coordination, suggests that given proper training and instruction, older adults can develop and maintain these areas of physical fitness well into advanced life.Older adults can develop and maintain their cardiorespiratory system by exercising at an intensity equal to 40% of their maximal heart rate. Walking is an activity in which that most older adults can participate and show improvement.Flexibility is a precursor for all movement. All movement depends on one's ability to bend and stretch. Regularity is the key to developing flexibility. Supple muscles and joints make many tasks easier and aid in the prevention of injury.Muscular strength and endurance are needed by older adults in many of the simple movements they face daily.Muscular strength and endurance can be developed and maintained through continued participation in regular physical activity.Balance and coordinated movement are important to older adults as they perform routine tasks encountered on a daily basis.Older adults can benefit physiologically, psychologically and socially from participation in appropriate regular physical activities and exercise programs. When older adults move their bodies physically, with regularity and purpose, they achieve a life of better health and well-being.Center for Lifelong Education
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Cheng, Wing-kei. "The effect of a Tai Chi exercise program on the physical and psychological well-being of community dwelling elderly /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23457259.
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Lam, Sui-bik Brenda. "Affective responses to a single bout of exercise among healthy older adults." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B2972711X.
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Cone, Cathy K. "The effects of an eight-week stretching and strengthening program on ADL, flexibility, and strength measures of adults aged 60 - 85 /." Connect to online version, 1987. http://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/43870.
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Mullins, Beth Young. "Examining aspects of motivation associated with exercise in older adults." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1605135201&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Kraft, Malissa L. "The development and evaluation of an exercise program to increase well-being of older adults." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), access this title online Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Hyatt, Joyce E. "Investigation of social incentives for rural and non-rural mature adults who participate in physical activity class." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.
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Kemp, Deborah Kalnen. "Using dance to improve executive funcitoning [i.e. functioning] in older adults." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/kempd/deborahkemp.pdf.
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Williams, Nancy McCoin. "A STUDY OF WHY OLDER PEOPLE 65+ DO OR DO NOT EXERCISE." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4373.
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This qualitative study uses interviews to examine factors explaining why 20 elderly individuals from a variety of occupations and still living in the community independently did or did not exercise. Within the limits of this qualitative study, the reasons elderly participants gave for avoiding exercise included fear of injury, joint pain, poor health, complications from various degenerative diseases, and a lack of enjoyment of exercise. The reasons for exercising included necessity due to post-heart attack motivation, work-site exercise program or equipment availability, opportunity to habituate work-related tasks, spouse support, history of exercise experience, ability to exercise without injury, enjoyment of family outings, and an appreciation of the enjoyment of exercise.Ph.D.
Curriculum and Instruction
Education
Curriculum and Instruction
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Littbrand, Håkan. "Physical exercise for older people : focusing on people living in residential care facilities and people with dementia." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Geriatrik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-39784.
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The main purposes of this thesis were to evaluate a high-intensity functional weight-bearing exercise programme, regarding its applicability (attendance, achieved intensity, adverse events) as well as its effect on physical functions and activities of daily living (ADL) among older people living in residential care facilities, with a special focus on people with dementia. Furthermore, a main purpose was to systematically review the applicability and effects of physical exercise on physical functions, cognitive functions, and ADL among people with dementia. A high-intensity functional weight-bearing exercise programme that includes lower-limb strength and balance exercises in standing and walking, was evaluated in a randomised controlled trial among 191 older people, dependent in ADL, living in residential care facilities, and with a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of ten or more. One hundred (52.4%) of the participants had dementia. Participants were randomised to an exercise programme or a control activity, consisting of 29 supervised sessions over 3 months, as well as to an intake of a protein-enriched energy supplement or a placebo drink immediately after each session. The effect on physical functions was evaluated using the Berg Balance Scale, usual and maximum gait speed, and one-repetition maximum in a leg press machine measuring lower-limb strength. The effect on ADL was evaluated using the Barthel Index. These outcome measures were followed up at 3 and 6 months by blinded assessors and analysed using the intention-to-treat principle. The evaluation of the applicability of the high-intensity functional weight-bearing exercise programme showed that there was a high rate of attendance, a relatively high achieved intensity in the exercises, and all except two adverse events were assessed as minor or temporary and none led to manifest injury or disease. No statistically significant differences were observed in applicability when comparing participants with dementia and participants without dementia. In addition, the applicability of the programme was not associated with the participants’ cognitive function. Significant long-term effects of the exercise programme were seen regarding functional balance, gait ability and lower-limb strength in comparison with the control activity. The intake of the protein-enriched energy supplement did not increase the effect of the training. Age, sex, depression, dementia disorder, nutritional status, and level of functional balance capacity did not influence the effect on functional balance of the high-intensity functional weight-bearing exercise programme. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding overall ADL performance. Analyses for each item revealed that a significantly smaller proportion of participants in the exercise group had deteriorated regarding indoor mobility at 3 and 6 months. For people with dementia, there was a significant difference in overall ADL performance in favour of the exercise group at 3 months, but not at 6 months. In a systematic review, randomised controlled trials, evaluating the effects of physical exercise among people with dementia, were identified according to pre-defined inclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently extracted predetermined data and assessed methodological quality. Ten studies were included in the review and the majority of the participants were older people with Alzheimer’s disease living in residential care facilities. Four studies reached “moderate” methodological quality and six “low”. The results showed that among older people with Alzheimer’s disease in residential care facilities, combined functional weight-bearing exercise over 12 months at an intended moderate intensity seems applicable for use regarding attendance and adverse events and there is some evidence that the exercise improves walking performance and reduces ADL decline. Furthermore, there is some evidence that walking exercise over 16 weeks performed individually, where the participant walks as far as possible during the session, reduces decline in walking performance, but adverse events need to be evaluated. In conclusion, among older people who are dependent in ADL, living in residential care facilities, and have an MMSE score of 10 or more, a high-intensity functional weight-bearing exercise programme is applicable for use and has positive long-term effects on functional balance, gait ability, and lower-limb strength and seems to reduce ADL decline related to indoor mobility. An intake of a protein-enriched energy supplement immediately after the exercise does not appear to increase the effect of the training. In people with dementia, the exercise programme may prevent decline in overall ADL performance, but continuous training may be needed to maintain that effect. The positive results regarding applicability and effects of combined functional weight-bearing exercise among people with dementia is confirmed when the scientific literature is systematically reviewed. It seems to be important that exercise interventions among people with dementia last for at least a few months and that the exercises are task-specific and intended to challenge the individual’s physical capacity. Whether physical exercise can improve cognitive functions among people with dementia remains unclear. There is a need for more exercise studies of high methodological quality among people with dementia disorders.
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See, Sau-king. "Exercise and depression in Chinese older people elderly health centers study /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31972135.
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See, Sau-king, and 施秀琼. "Exercise and depression in Chinese older people: elderly health centers study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31972135.
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Cronin, Donna Leilani. "Effects of functional and resistive exercise training on physical function and perceived self-efficacy and well-being in frail elderly adults." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3036587.
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Lam, Huen Sum. "The effects of rouliqiu training on physical functional health and health related quality of life of elderly in Hong Kong." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1157.
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Pileski, Ellen M. "The Lived Experience of Exercise for Elders Living in Nursing Home Settings." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/PileskiEM2004.pdf.
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Rancourt, Wendy. "The Relationship between Flexibility and Activities of Daily Living in Community-Dwelling Adults Aged 65 and Older." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/RancourtW2009.pdf.
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Barry, Benjamin K. "The influence of resistance training upon movement control in older adults /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17249.pdf.
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Woodward, Lynda Marie. "Exercise after an injurious fall: the views of older men and women on exercise and participating in a self-managed falls prevention program." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22083.
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Introduction: The prevalence of injurious falls in the older population continues due to the ageing population and increased life expectancy, especially in men. Research has found that long-term multifaceted falls prevention programs reduce the rate of falls in older people. We completed a quantitative secondary analysis showing the scope of differences in functional outcomes of men and women after hip fracture. Our systematic review on qualitative research showed women participating in exercise after an injurious fall, reported the importance of self-perception, isolation, vulnerability and awareness. Aim: Primarily to identify perspectives of older people on exercise and a long-term self-managed falls prevention program. Secondary, to identify differences between men and women and perspectives on injurious falls and recovery. Method: A total of 26 participants in the intervention group of the RESTORE trial were each interviewed twice - at the beginning and at the end of the trial. This qualitative study used thematic analysis with a realist approach incorporating constructivism. Results: Findings highlighted the importance of exercising, adaptability, and the need for exercises to perceived as achievable, beneficial and routine. Men and women were motivated by different factors when recovering, as well as responding differently in a group setting. During early recovery post fall, treatment pathways did not align with original expectations, falling was seen as a circumstance of luck and there was a need to clarify cautiousness rather than fear. Discussion: This study aligned with and informed current research, by equating findings with independence, motivation and adherence, and the perceptions of risk, ownership and empowerment. Conclusion: By implementing ways to encourage independence, respect perceptions of risk and understand how participants are empowered and apply ownership, attendance and adherence to falls prevention programs may be improved.
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Steele, Jenessa C. "Intraindividual variability and relations between daily affect and physical activity among community-dwelling older women." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3780.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2004.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 334 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-90).
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Shim, Jae Kun. "Kinetic analysis of pole-walking in elderly subjects : variability in ground reaction force during weight bearing." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1236373.
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The purpose of this study was to determine how walking with T-Poles, training using T-Poles and increased walking speed would change GRF measures in elderly subjects. The magnitudes of peak force, average force, and impulse force variables decreased as a result of the T-Pole use. Time during support phase increased when using T-Poles. The magnitudes of peak force, average force, and impulse force, and time variables decreased with extended training using T-Poles. However, loading rate increased with training and practice. FZ3, AZP, and AZ showed interactions between T-Pole use and training and TP showed an interaction between T-Pole use and walking speed. The results of this investigation suggest that using T-Poles generally reduces foot-ground force interaction during walking. It is a tendency that the foot-ground interactions during walking with TPoles decreased more with the longer period of T-Pole use and significant interactions between T-Pole use and training were observed in AZ3, AZP, and AZ. The reductions of foot-ground interaction induced by the T-Pole and practice time using T-Poles were present regardless of increased walking speed.School of Physical Education
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Broderick, Kelly M. Knutzen Kathleen. "Length of exercise history and depressive symptoms in community dwelling older adults /." Online version, 2010. http://content.wwu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/theses&CISOPTR=369&CISOBOX=1&REC=16.
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邵伊華 and Eva Siu. "Physical activity and physical performance in elderly health centres elderly with knee osteoarthritis in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41711920.
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Siu, Eva. "Physical activity and physical performance in elderly health centres elderly with knee osteoarthritis in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41711920.
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Clegg, A. P. "Development and evaluation of a home-based exercise intervention for frail older people." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1346441/.
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Background: Frailty is common and is associated with important adverse health outcomes. There is evidence that exercise may influence the biological mechanisms of frailty and improve adverse outcomes. This thesis describes the development and evaluation of the Home-Based Older People's Exercise (HOPE) programme - a home-based exercise intervention for frail older people. Methods: The MRC framework for the development and evaluation of complex interventions was used to develop and evaluate the HOPE programme. The development process synthesised information from four key domains: a systematic literature review; a process of intervention modelling work incorporating multiperspective focus group meetings; a review of behaviour change techniques and a review of international exercise guidelines. Following development, the HOPE programme was evaluated in a pilot randomised controlled trial. The primary outcome was mobility, measured using the Timed-Up-and-Go test (TUGT). Secondary outcomes included activities of daily living (ADL), quality of life and depression. Results: The systematic review identified preliminary evidence that exercise may improve outcomes for frail older people. A grounded theory analysis of the multiperspective focus group meetings identified the important challenges faced by frail older people, along with motivators and barriers to exercise. The results were synthesised into the HOPE programme, which is a 12 week home-based exercise intervention. 60 participants were recruited to the HOPE trial. Mean age was 78 years. Baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups. There was a nonsignificant trend towards an improved outcome in the intervention group (mean adjusted between group difference in TUGT 16.7s, 95% CI -33.3, 66.6s). There were no differences in any of the secondary outcomes. Discussion: The HOPE trial has provided valuable process, resource, management and scientific data to guide the development of a future definitive RCT and has provided important information to help inform future research involving frail older people.
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Robinson, Katharine. "Developing a chair based exercise programme for older people in a community setting." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41695/.
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Background Exercise has well known health benefits for older people, however, for some older people with compromised health and mobility participating in exercise is challenging. Chair based exercise is a pragmatic and accessible form of exercise that may be offered in this context, however, there is a lack of good quality evidence and a lack of standardisation in delivery. Method This thesis used the Medical Research Council’s framework for the development and evaluation of complex interventions to develop a community delivered chair based exercise intervention – Progressive Assisted Chair Exercise (PACE). Multiple research methods were undertaken to develop a theoretically driven intervention with a clear rationale for how it was anticipated to work. This included an expert consensus development process, a systematic review of randomised controlled trial literature, and identification of literature on the physiological and behaviour change principles of exercise for older people. The PACE intervention was then tested in a pre and post cohort study in an NHS community service to establish the feasibility of the intervention and whether it resulted in the anticipated outcomes. The acceptability of the intervention was explored through focus groups with older people. Results Experts agreed on a set of 46 principles of chair based exercise through a Delphi technique. The systematic review of randomised controlled trials identified a lack of consistent and good quality evidence for the health benefits of existing programmes. Greater focus on the development of programmes that were underpinned by a sound theoretical framework was recommended. Using the findings from the expert consensus, the systematic review and published guidelines on exercise for older people the PACE intervention was developed to include a 12 week multi-component progressive group or home based programme delivered by a healthcare professional with the knowledge and skills of working with older people and targeted at older people who were unable to participate in standing exercise programmes. The pre and post cohort study demonstrated that the programme was feasible to deliver when tailored to account for individual preferences and the fluctuating health needs of older people. The programme was acceptable to older people when targeted appropriately at those unable to participate in standing programmes and when individual preferences and needs were accounted for. The primary criteria for success of clinically meaningful improvements in lower limb muscle strength and progression to supported standing exercise were observed. Conclusions The PACE intervention as a complex intervention was sufficiently developed and modelled to warrant formal evaluation. Further feasibility work is needed to optimise the evaluation method through a feasibility randomised controlled trial. Further development work for care home and acute rehabilitation populations is indicated.
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Campbell, Julia A. (Julia Ann). "Building exchange and multiplicity into housing for the elderly : an exercise in synthesizing associative references." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71395.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1988.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 139).
The particular subject of this thesis is Housing for the Elderly. The intention is to propose an architecture which springs from an alternative attitude towards housing the elderly ... an attitude which purports that multiplicity and exchange are the elements crucial to one's well-being; in contrast to the current paradigm within the world of planning for the elderly ... one of segregation, classification and singularity. With a little license, I call this a research and design thesis, as it has been difficult to define. As a 'research' paper, it entails the use of a particular method of selecting, understanding, and (finally) using a range of references in order to distill from them some underlying principles of form. Yet unlike a true research thesis, it is loosely structured and left open-ended ... intentionally so! The 'design' work provides the testing ground for the principles gleaned from those references. It also allows me the opportunity to exercise myself in synthesizing and arranging architecture. Yet as a design thesis, the work is only the start of an architecture process ... far from being complete. In essence, the thesis is an endeavour in knowing a little more about the 'dancing' between referencing and designing.
by Julia A. Campbell.
M.Arch.
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Hu, Chun. "Development of resilience scale and examination of relationships among resilience, physical activity and mental health for older adults in Hong Kong." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2019. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/721.
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Introduction: Resilience is an important trait and mechanism for older adults facing adversity in their later life. Physical activity has been established as an important determinant of mental health among older adults, in which relationship of resilience may play a mediating role. In order to examine the relationships among resilience, physical activity, and mental health in older adults, the current project is designed to conduct three studies. Study-1 aims to use qualitative method to identify the characteristics that contribute to resilience in a group of community-dwelling older adults in Hong Kong. Study-2 aims to develop and validate an age-specific resilience scale, named as "Resilience Scale for Chinese Older Adults (RSCOA)". Study-3 aims to test a model in which physical activity is hypothesized to influence mental health in path mediated by resilience. Methods: Twenty-five Chinese older adults (2 males, 23 females) aged 69 to 100 years (M=80.00, SD=39.08) were included in Study-1. Interviews were conducted to collect information about the adverse events in their lives, as well as their attitudes towards adversity and the beliefs underlying their approaches to overcoming adversity. The transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis. In Study-2, a sequential approach was used to develop the RSCOA in three stages. In stage 1, scale candidate items were generated and initial content validity of the RSCOA were explored. In stage 2, the factorial structure of the RSCOA was extracted using exploratory factor analysis. In stage 3, exploratory structural equation modeling was conducted to test the structure. The reliability and validity of the RSCOA were also examined. In Study-3, cross-sectional data was collected from a sample of 293 Chinese older adults [60 males, 233 females; age from 65 to 95 years old (M=76.58, SD=7.02)] from eight community senior centres located in three districts in Hong Kong. Correlation analyses were performed and path analysis was employed to assess the associations among physical activity, resilience and mental health variables. Results: In Study-1, 7 themes were emerged from the interviews: 1). Equanimity- the realisation that life has both joys and sorrows. 2). Positive attitudes towards life. 3). Meaningfulness- the realisation that life has a purpose and is full of hope. 4). Self-reliance- a belief in one's capabilities and the realisation that each person's life path is unique. 5). Social support- which comes from family and friends, health care professionals, staff in the senior centres and others' appraisal. 6). Environmental support- which includes the support from neighbours, community senior centres and government. 7). Spirituality and faith- which can take the form of a belief in destiny, gratitude or religious faith. For the scale development and validation, a pool of 70 candidate items for RSCOA was established with good content validity in stage 1. In stage 2, seven factors, namely perseverance, self-reliance, spirituality, social support, living in the moment, environmental support, and meaningfulness, reflecting internal, external and existential dimensions, were identified and reflected in 27 items in the construct of resilience. In stage 3, the 27-item RSCOA was further examined, by which 3 items were deleted to achieve acceptable internal consistency (α= 0.87) and good concurrent as well as construct validities, and finally a 24-item RSCOA was confirmed. The measurement model displayed satisfactory model fit and proven invariant across gender. Building on the three path models, it was found that significant mediation effects of resilience on the relations from physical activity to depression (β =-.54, p=.002), from physical activity to loneliness (β=-.25, p=.005), as well as from physical activity to psychological well-being (β=.37, p=.008). In sum, the results confirmed that resilience mediates relationship from physical activity to mental health among the older adults. Conclusion: The qualitative analysis found that resilience of the Hong Kong older adults is characterised by internal, external and existential factors. A reliable and valid age-specific instrument for measurement of resilience in Chinese older people was developed. Older adults who are more physically active reported greater psychological well-being and less mental health problems, and the effects were mediated by resilience. The results may be useful for developing interventions that aim at assisting older adults to enhance the positive experiences and mental health in their lives.
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Marmon, Adam Rubin. "Neuromuscular adaptations associated with the onset of rapid strength gains in the elderly." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.47Mb, 81 p, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1428180.
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Gibbs, Zoe. "Resistance training in older adults : a comparison between group- and home-based exercise training for improvements in functional performance, muscle function and balance." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2007. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/292.
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Objective : To examine the effectiveness of exercise setting on training adaptations of balance, muscle function and functional performance in older adults. Design: A randomized trial part of a larger intervention, with subjects assigned to either home (HE) or group-based exercise (GE). Setting: Subject own homes or a University exercise clinic. Subjects: Fifty-six older adults, 31 women and 25 men, 65-85 years of age. Intervention: Progressive resistance and aerobic training undertaken for 24 weeks.
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Blommer, Susan Elaine Witzeman 1948. "SOCIOECONOMIC AND SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AFFECTING PARTICIPATION IN GROUP FITNESS ACTIVITY BY RETIRED PERSONS IN TUCSON, ARIZONA." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276604.
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Lamoureux, Ecosse, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Older adults' neuromuscular adaptations to resistance training and effects on challenging gait tasks." Deakin University. School of Health Sciences, 2001. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050902.101952.
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Community locomotion is threatened when older individuals are required to negotiate obstacles, which place considerable stress on the musculoskeletal system. The vulnerability of older adults during challenging locomotor tasks is further compromised by age-related strength decline and muscle atrophy.
The first study in this investigation determined the relationship between the major muscle groups of the lower body and challenging locomotor tasks commonly found in the community environment of older adults. Twenty-nine females and sixteen males aged between 62 and 88 years old (68.2 ±6.5) were tested for the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) strength of the knee extensors and 1-RM for the hip extensors, flexors, adductors, abductors, knee extensors and flexors and ankle plantar flexors. Temporal measurements of an obstacle course comprising four gait tasks set at three challenging levels were taken. The relationship between strength and the obstacle course dependent measures was explored using linear regression models.
Significant associations (p≤0.05) between all the strength measures and the gait performances were found. The correlation values between strength and obstructed gait (r = 0.356-0.554) and the percentage of the variance explained by strength (R2 = 13%-31%), increased as a function of the challenging levels, especially for the stepping over and on and off conditions.
While the difficulty of community older adults to negotiate obstacles cannot be attributed to a single causal pathway, the findings of the first study showed that strength is a critical requirement. That the magnitude of the association increased as a function of the challenging levels, suggests that interventions aimed at improving strength would potentially be effective in helping community older adults to negotiate environmental gait challenges.
In view of the findings of the first study, a second investigation determined the effectiveness of a progressive resistance-training program on obstructed gait tasks measured under specific laboratory conditions and on an obstacle course mimicking a number of environmental challenges. The time courses of strength gains and neuromuscular mechanisms underpinning the exercise-induced strength improvements in community-dwelling older adults were also investigated. The obstructed gait conditions included stepping over an obstacle, on and off a raised surface, across an obstacle and foot targeting.
Forty-three community-living adults with a mean age of 68 years (control =14 and experimental=29) completed a 24-week progressive resistance training program designed to improve strength and induce hypertrophy in the major muscles of the lower body. Specific laboratory gait kinetics and kinematics and temporal measures taken on the obstacle course were measured. Lean tissue mass and muscle activation of the lower body muscle groups were assessed. The MVC strength of the knee extensors and 1-RM of the hip extension, hip flexion, knee extension, knee flexion and ankle plantar flexion were measured.
A 25% increase on the MVC of the knee extensors (p≤0.05) was reported in the training group. Gains ranging between 197% and 285% were recorded for the 1-RM exercises in the trained subjects with significant improvements found throughout the study (p≤0.05). The exercise-induced strength gains were mediated by hypertrophic and neural factors as shown by 8.7% and 27.7% increases (p≤0.05) in lean tissue mass and integrated electromyographic activity, respectively. Strength gains were accompanied by increases in crossing velocity, stride length and reductions in stride duration, stance and swing time for all gait tasks except for the foot targeting condition. Specific kinematic variables associated with safe obstacle traverse such as vertical obstacle heel clearance, limb flexion, horizontal foot placements prior to and at post obstacle crossing and landing velocities resulted in an improved crossing strategy in the experimental subjects. Significant increases in the vertical and anterior-posterior ground reaction forces accompanied the changes in the gait variables.
While further long-term prospective studies of falls rates would be needed to confirm the benefits of lower limb enhanced strength, the findings of the present study provide conclusive evidence of significant improvements to gait efficiency associated with a systematic resistance-training program. It appears, however, that enhanced lower body strength has limited effects on gait tasks involving a dynamic balance component. In addition, due to the larger strength-induced increases in voluntary activation of the leg muscle compared to relatively smaller gains in lean tissue mass, neural adaptations appear to play a greater contributing role in explaining strength gains during the current resistance training protocol.
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Slimmer, Mindy Lynn. "Effects of the 12-week WellREP exercise program on functional fitness in older women." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/3330.
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Persuading people to adopt and maintain a regular physical activity program are two
major challenges facing public health. Providing social support may increase the adoption and
adherence rate of participation in exercise programs. It was hypothesized that participation in a
12-week WellREP designed to meet the goals of the ACSM and CDC with respect to appropriate
physical activity programming for older adults would result in improvements in functional
fitness, balance, and daily activity.
The WellREP group consisted of 18 older women (X= 73 ± 7 yrs). The WellREP group
met at a senior center for 12 wk, 2d•wk for a 50 min. training program and used an Omron
pedometer to measure daily physical activity throughout the week. The Control group consisted
of 15 older adults (X= 75 ± 6 yrs). Program effectiveness was assessed using the Senior Fitness
Test to measure functional fitness (chair stand, arm curl, sit and reach, up & go, scratch test, and
12-min walk), balance: movement velocity, endpoint excursion, maximum endpoint excursion,
and directional control for forward, right, left and back movements, pedometer measured daily
physical activity, and weight.
No differences between the WellREP group and the control group existed at baseline. All
functional measures, excluding flexibility, in the WellREP group exhibited an 8% to 46%
significant increases as compared to a -3% to 8% change in the CON group. Significant
improvements in limits of stability measures were only observed in the maximum excursion
measure (forward - 20% and backward - 23%). Significant improvements were observed in daily
physical activity. Participants in the WellREP group increased their STEPS by 64% compared to
a 5% increase in the CON group.Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Program of Gerontology.
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Wilnerzon, Thörn Rose-Marie. "Nursing Assistants’ Perceptions of Physical Activity and Exercise among Older People : a Phenomenographic Study." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-16599.
Full textAbstract:
Nursing assistants’, as frontline caregivers in the care of older people, have a unique opportunity to encourage physical activity and exercise in older people. Hence, the perceptions by these care providers of physical activity and exercise among older people are an essential factor. The aim of this study is to describe how nursing assistants perceive physical activity and exercise for older people, over the age of 65, receiving home care and home help. Method: Data was collected through interviews with 19 nursing assistants, selected by strategic sampling and analysed using a phenomenographic approach. Results: The findings show two different perceptions of physical activity for the older people: “physical activity is to move” described as everyday movements i.e. everyday activities and outdoors activities and “physical activity is to make an effort”, described as older people handling their day-to-day tasks and outdoor activities or struggling to be less inactive and performing healthy activities. Three different perceptions of exercise for the older people emerged: “exercise as physical activity”, described as movement performed, based on individual exercise programmes from the physiotherapist or through day-to-day tasks such as dressing, cleaning or shopping; “exercise as rehabilitation” described as part of the rehabilitation process or as a prescription to follow, and “exercise as an agent” described as enhancing the health and well-being of older people, principally related to mobility or enhancing the older people’s social activities. Conclusion: This study shows that there are a variety of perceptions of physical activity and exercise among nursing assistants which can be important for health professionals to be aware of, in order to provide targeted support. This study also shows two different approaches by nursing assistants towards older people: a health-promotion one and a preventive one; it would seem to be important to be aware of these approaches, if a shift towards promoting health and well-being should be implemented in the care of older people.
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Gardiner, Susan Elizabeth. "Physiological effects of a low intensity chair-based exercise program for the elderly." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53069.
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Eight sedentary elderly subjects (X̅ age = 83.4yr), including two males and six females, were evaluated to determine the effects of a low intensity, chair-based exercise program on selected physiological parameters. Exercise sessions were held 3 alternate days per week, 45 minutes per session, for 8 weeks. Subjects were exercise tested before and after training using a modification of the Smith and Gilligan chair step test; this is a multi-level graded exercise test suitable for very old subjects with aerobic exercise capacities of approximately 2-4 METs. Upon completion of training, group data analyses showed no significant adaptations in resting heart rate or blood pressure, exercise heart rate or blood pressure, peak exercise performance, nor for subject rating of perceived exertion at a fixed exercise intensity. A significant increase (p < 0.05) was observed post-training in the immediate post-exercise blood lactic acid response. Separating subjects (n=4) into high (91% attendance) and moderate (49% attendance) compliers, statistically significant differences were found for training related changes in several physiological parameters. Between-group analysis also showed significant changes (p < 0.05) in the chair exercise performance time. Post-training, the high compliers improved their total exercise tolerance (time) by 33%, whereas the moderate compliers exercise time was 22% less as compared to pre-training. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was also observed between groups in their perception of effort at a fixed-load in the exercise test. After training, the high compliers judged their effort to be 12% less at a fixed load in the chair exercise test, while the moderate compliers showed no significant changes (p < 0.05). Blood lactic acid responses were significantly higher (p < 0.05) after training for the high compliance group but no such change was found in the HLa response of the moderate compliers. There were no significant changes in resting or exercise heart rate and blood pressure responses in either the high or moderate compliance groups. The results of this study suggest that physiological adaptations do not occur in old individuals in response to a low intensity exercise program. Given these preliminary findings, further investigations are indicated to determine the effects of increased frequency and duration of physical activity programs on additional physiological parameters.Master of Science
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Jowers, Esbelle Marie. "Exercise adherence determinants in adults aged 40-79 years /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Cleland, Sharon M. "The mediating effect of goal setting on exercise efficacy of efficacious older adults." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1204203.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to ascertain the mediating effect of two types of goal setting conditions (self-set and assigned set goals) on exercise intensity, exercise efficacy and perceived physical ability of efficacious older adults participating in a fitness program. In addition, this study examined the extent to which the four sources of self-efficacy influenced walking self-efficacy and perceived physical ability. Sixteen older adults, who were participating in a fitness program, were randomly assigned to either the self-set or assigned set goal condition. The self-set group selected an exercise intensity (i.e., target heart rate range) each week prior to the walking bout, while the assigned set group were designated an exercise intensity (i.e., target heart rate range) each week before their walking session. The same walking duration was implemented for both goal groups throughout the eight-week goal-setting program. Heart rate monitors were used to collect information on exercise intensity. In week one, walking self-efficacy (WSE), exercise intensity and perceived physical ability (PPA) were collected. For weeks two through seven WSE, exercise intensity, goal setting post-questionnaire (only for the assigned group) were collected. In week eight, WSE, PPA, exercise intensity, and sources of self-efficacy were collected. The results revealed that goal condition had no significant effect on exercise intensity, perceived physical ability, and walking self-efficacy. However, this study assisted participants in becoming more aware of their heart rate (exercise intensity) by observing their heart rate monitors.School of Physical Education
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Wang, Xin. "Physical activity and cardiovascular disease mortality, morbidity and all-cause mortality in Chinese elderly people." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41508257.
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Campbell, Jon Bradley. "Improving muscular strength and balance in an older active population /." View online, 1994. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211998858820.pdf.
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Sipe, Marie Elizabeth. "Weight training in older adults : an intervention for psychological empowerment /." Electronic thesis, 2004. http://etd.wfu.edu/theses/available/etd-05132004-142300/.
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Zhao, Yanan. "The effect of a tailor-made exercise program on improving balance among older adults at risk of falling." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/223.
Full textAbstract:
Context: There is a paucity of information on well-designed exercise programs for the Primary Falls Prevention. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate a tailor-made exercise program for improving balance and balance-related fitness among older adults without history of falls but who were at risk of falling. Design, Setting, and Participants: A single-blind and randomized controlled trial for 61 older adults (age = 70 ± 3 years, males = 25%) with no history of falls but who were at risk of falling enrolled at the local senior center. Intervention: Participants were randomly allocated into three groups. An intervention group receiving a tailor-made Exercise for Balance Improvement Program (ExBP; n = 20), an active control group receiving the 8-form Yang-style Tai Chi (TC; n = 20), and a no-treatment concurrent control group (CON; n = 21). The ExBP was developed based on demographic and clinical characteristics of old adults as well as on the most reported deficits in balance and balance-related systems. The movements chosen in ExBP were those used in previous studies for older adults. The movements were integrated with considerations of movement specificity, movement complexity and organization, movement safety, feasibility and gracefulness, as well as the transfer of exercise learning. Modifications of these movements were made following experts and end-users’ evaluations. Training dosage was set at “90 minutes per session x 3 sessions per week x 16 weeks with an 8-week follow-up. Outcome Measurements: The primary outcome was a composite measure of balance capacities, including Fall Risk Test (FRT), Postural Stability Test (PST), Limits of Stability Test (LOS), and a modified Clinical Test of Sensory Organization and Balance (m-CTSIB). The secondary outcomes referred to those balance-related fitness including 30s Chair Stand Test (CS), Chair Sit-and-Reach Test (SR), 8ft Up and Go Test (UG), 2min Step Test (Step), Choice Stepping Response Time (CSRT), as well as Fear of Falling (FF). All the testing parameters were collected one week before the intervention (pre-test), at the end of 12th week (mid-test), at the end of 16th week (post-test), and at the end of 24th week (follow-up test). Analysis of variance with pre-test data as covariance and repeated measures analysis of variance were conducted to examine Group effect and Time effect, respectively. Results: All testing parameters in the ExBP group demonstrated an improvement trend from pre-test to post-test, especially in FRT, m-CTSIB, CS, SR, UG, and FF (p < .05). In comparison with the CON group at post-test, there were significant improvements in the ExBP group in FRT, m-CTSIB with compromised somatosensation, m-CTSIB with compromised vision and somatosensation, CS, UG, Step, and FES (p < .05), while the improvements at mid-test were only shown in UG and FF. There were no significant differences on any of the testing parameters between post-test and follow-up test. In addition, continuous improvements were shown in FRT, PST, m-CTSIB, SR, UG, CSRT, and FF during the follow-up period. In comparison with the TC group at mid-test, ExBP showed significantly more improvements in FRT, UG, Step and FF. Although without statistically significant group difference at post-test except in Step, improvements in FRT, PST in anterior-and-posterior direction, m-CTSIB with compromised somatosensation, m-CTSIB with compromised vision and somatosensation, SR, UG, Step, and CSRT were more pronounced in the ExBP group. The losses of training effect from post-test to follow-up test in ExBP was lower than the Tai Chi especially in FRT, m-CTSIB with compromised vision and somatosensation, Step, and CSRT. Conclusion: The ExBP can be applied as an effective exercise program for improving balance and balance-related fitness among older adults at risk of falling. In comparison with Tai Chi, training effects from ExBP occurred earlier and lasted longer.
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Jessop, Darrell James. "Non-weight bearing water exercise : changes in cardiorespiratory function in elderly men and women." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28536.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a 5 week program
of aquatic exercise on selected cardiorespiratory parameters in the elderly
participant. Fifteen men and women (mean age 68.5 years, range 61-75 years)
were recruited voluntarily from regional adult day-care and community centre
facilities. Participants underwent a series of physiological tests before
the program started and 5 weeks later at the end of the program.
Measurements included height, weight, spirometry measurements (FVC, FEV¹ֹ⁰, VEmax), resting blood pressure, resting heart rate, exercise heart rate and VO₂max as determined by a continuous treadmill test (modified after Jones and Campbell, 1982).
Following the 5 week aquatic exercise program, the experimental group
(n = 8) showed a significant decrease in resting systolic blood pressure
(SBPR) (EXPTL:131.5Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
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Williamson, David L. "Intracellular signaling, sarcopenia, and exercise." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1233201.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this investigation was to examine differences under resting conditions (baseline) and after a bout of resistance exercise, in the total amount and the activation (phosphorylation) of the p42/44 MAPK signaling cascade proteins (ERK 1/2, p90RSK, and MNK 1) in young and old men. Eight young (22±1 yr) and eight old (79±3 yr) men underwent a resting muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis, then a knee extensor resistance exercise session (29 contractions at -70% of max), followed by a post-exercise biopsy. The total protein expression and phosphorylation state for ERK 1/2, p90RSK, and MNK 1 was determined by Western immunoblot analysis. Total protein expression of ERK 1/2 and MNK 1 were not different between the young and old, before and after exercise. The resistance exercise bout caused an increase in phosphorylation of the ERK 1/2, p90RSK, and MNK 1 proteins (73, 95, and 61%, respectively; P<0.05) in the young men. Conversely, the older men showed a decrease in ERK 1/2, p90RSK, and MNK1 phosphorylation (-48, -62, and -37%, respectively; P<0.05) after the exercise bout (versus old pre). Although, the old men displayed higher pre-exercise phosphorylation of these proteins versus young pre-exercise (131, 248, and 74%, respectively; P<0.05). This investigation is the first to provide evidence that MAPK signaling pathways differentially respond under resting and exercise conditions in skeletal muscle of young and old men. These findings may have implications for other processes (e.g. transcription and translation) involved in skeletal muscle type and growth, when examining the changes occurring with aging muscle before and after resistance exercise/training.School of Physical Education
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Mitsui, Kaori. "Influence of a short exercise program on older adults with mild cognitive impairment." View online, 2005. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131396957.pdf.
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McCormack, Gavin R. "A comparison between conventional and holistic exercise interventions on physiological function in the elderly." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2003. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1291.
Full textAbstract:
Aging is characterised by a decline in physiological function. The rate of this decline can depend on certain lifestyle factors, genetics, and the environment. Although life expectancy is slowly increasing, there is a need to reduce the time spent in debilitated, and non-independent states by elderly individuals. Preventive measures need to be implemented to reduce dependency and improve the quality of life for elderly individuals. One such preventive and remedial measure is the use of exercise and physical activity. Because limited exercise prescription exists for the elderly population, there is a need to determine the effectiveness of exercise interventions that are more desirable for elderly individuals. Hence, the purpose of this pilot study was to implement and compare two types of exercise interventions, a holistic exercise intervention (Range of Motion Dance method or ROM) and a Conventional Exercise intervention commonly performed in the community by aged individuals. Forty-three elderly individuals over 65-years of age were randomly allocated to the two intervention groups and a control group. The exercise interventions were performed for 10-weeks and included baseline and post-intervention testing. The groups were compared using Analysis of Covariance on the following variables; muscular strength (grip strength, isokinetic knee flexion and extension); postural stability (Berg Balance Scale, and Center of Pressure): and functionality (Timed 'up' and 'go' and Physical Performance Test). T-tests were performed to compare the two intervention groups on attrition and compliance. The Conventional Exercise and the ROM exercise groups generally showed similar results on all physiological parameters when compared to each other. However, some statistically significant differences were observed between the intervention groups and the control group for isokinetic knee flexor and extensor strength, grip strength and the Physical Performance Test. Mean differences between post-intervention and baseline results for knee extensor and flexor strength measures ranged between 0.97 to 5.78 Newton meters for the Conventional Exercise group; -6.00 to 5.73 Newton meters for' the ROM group and; 8.74 to 5.36 Newton meters for the Control group. Both intervention groups showed improvement of approximately 1.5 units for the Physical Performance Test, while the Control group showed no change. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups for any balance measures or for the Timed "Up" and "Go". The two interventions groups showed similar average attendance rates, with 85.4% of sessions performed by the Conventional Exercise group and 88.9% of sessions performed by the ROM group. The performance of low-intensity exercise intervention, of either a conventional or holistic nature, may provide positive physiological benefits for elderly participants, such as maintaining or improving knee flexor and extensor strength and enhancing functionality. Thus this study provides evidence that low-intensity exercise interventions in the short term can cause physiological change while at the same time maintaining relatively high rates of participation.
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Burton, Louise Anne. "The effect of spironolactone on exercise capacity in functionally impaired older people without heart failure." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2011. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/ddfe42c5-4c00-4e5b-a686-b52372d170bc.
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With a growing ageing population decline in physical function has become a major public health issue, as it is associated with disability in later life. Recent evidence suggests that blockade of the renin-angiotension-aldosterone system may have a role in improving physical function in older people.We hypothesised that inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system with spironolactone would improve physical function in older people without heart failure. In a double-blind, randomised controlled clinical trial 120 participants, aged >65 years with functional impairment were randomized to receive 25mg spironolactone or placebo for 20 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in six-minute walking distance over 20 weeks. Secondary outcomes were change in Timed-Get-Up and Go test, Incremental Shuttle Walk Test, measures of health related quality of life (EuroQol health questionnaire and Functional Limitation Profile) and measures of psychological state (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Outcomes measures were repeated at 10 and 20 weeks.Participant mean age was 75 years (SD 6), 65/120 (54%) were male. Only 8/120 participants (6.6%) dropped out (5 from the placebo group, 3 from the spironolactone group). Of the 112 participants who completed the study 95% (106/112) remained on medication at 20 weeks. There was no significant change in six minute walking distance at 20 weeks with a -3.2 (95% CI -28.9, 22.5) metres difference between the spironolactone group related to the placebo group (p=0.81). There was however a significant improvement in quality of life at 20 weeks (a secondary outcome) with a rise in EuroQol EQ-5D score of 0.10 (95% CI 0.03, 0.18) in the spironolactone group relative to the placebo group (p=<0.01). There were no significant changes between groups in the other secondary outcomes. This trial found that spironolactone was safe and well tolerated, but did not improve physical function in older people who did not have heart failure. Quality of life improved, but the biological plausibility and possible mechanisms for this require further study.
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Wong, Yee-man Bonny. "Traditional exercises and cognitive function among Chinese elderly : elderly health centers study /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38478729.
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