Relevant bibliographies by topics / Exercise Apnea

Academic literature on the topic 'Exercise Apnea'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Exercise Apnea"

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Richardson, Matt, Robert de Bruijn, H. C. Holmberg, Glenn Björklund, Helena Haughey, and Erika Schagatay. "Increase of Hemoglobin Concentration After Maximal Apneas in Divers, Skiers, and Untrained Humans." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 30, no. 3 (June 1, 2005): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h05-120.

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Human splenic contraction occurs both during apnea and maximal exercise, increasing the circulating erythrocyte volume. We investigated the hematological responses to 3 maximal apneas performed by elite apneic divers, elite cross-country skiers, and untrained subjects. Post-apnea hemoglobin concentration had increased in all groups, but especially in divers. The increases disappeared within 10 min of recovery. Apneic duration across apneas also increased the most in divers. Responses in divers could be more pronounced as a result of apnea training. Key words: breath hold, serial apneas, spleen contraction, cross-country skiing
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Yıldız, M. "The acute effects of repeated static apnea on aerobic power." Physical education of students 22, no. 4 (August 28, 2018): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2018.0407.

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Purpose: Apnea exercises cause a rise in hematocrit, erythropoietin, hemoglobin concentration, lung volume and oxygen store in muscle and blood, and a decrease in blood acidosis and oxidative stress. These types of physiological changes that occur in the body result in developments in both time to exhaustion and V02max. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the acute effect of repeated static apneas on aerobic power. Material: Twenty physically active male university students (age:22.80±3.84 year, height:177.40±7.49 cm and weight:68.20±8.72 kg) volunteered to participate in the current study. They were divided as the static apnea and control groups randomly. The static group performed multistage exercise treadmill test to exhaustion (maximal aerobic power) after three maximal apneas with 2-min interval in sitting position. The control group performed only the maximal aerobic power test without apnea. Their maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2max), gas exchange rate (RER), heart beat rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) values were measured during maximal aerobic test. Their hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) values were measured before and immediately after the apnea for both groups. Results: There were no significant differences found between the control and static apnea groups for Vo2max, HR, Hb and Hct. However, RPE values measured after the static apnea were lower (17.55±0.51) than the control (18.75±0.62). Conclusions: The repeated static apneas immediately prior the maximal aerobic effort cannot increase aerobic power in untrained breath hold participants. However, the lower RPE after static apnea may be used as an ergogenic effect.
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Andersson, Johan P. A., Mats H. Linér, Elisabeth Rünow, and Erika K. A. Schagatay. "Diving response and arterial oxygen saturation during apnea and exercise in breath-hold divers." Journal of Applied Physiology 93, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 882–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00863.2001.

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This study addressed the effects of apnea in air and apnea with face immersion in cold water (10°C) on the diving response and arterial oxygen saturation during dynamic exercise. Eight trained breath-hold divers performed steady-state exercise on a cycle ergometer at 100 W. During exercise, each subject performed 30-s apneas in air and 30-s apneas with face immersion. The heart rate and arterial oxygen saturation decreased and blood pressure increased during the apneas. Compared with apneas in air, apneas with face immersion augmented the heart rate reduction from 21 to 33% ( P < 0.001) and the blood pressure increase from 34 to 42% ( P < 0.05). The reduction in arterial oxygen saturation from eupneic control was 6.8% during apneas in air and 5.2% during apneas with face immersion ( P < 0.05). The results indicate that augmentation of the diving response slows down the depletion of the lung oxygen store, possibly associated with a larger reduction in peripheral venous oxygen stores and increased anaerobiosis. This mechanism delays the fall in alveolar and arterial Po 2 and, thereby, the development of hypoxia in vital organs. Accordingly, we conclude that the human diving response has an oxygen-conserving effect during exercise.
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Lindholm, Peter, Jessica Nordh, and Dag Linnarsson. "Role of hypoxemia for the cardiovascular responses to apnea during exercise." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 283, no. 5 (November 1, 2002): R1227—R1235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00036.2002.

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We sought to define the role of hypoxemia in eliciting the cardiovascular responses to apnea during exercise. Eleven men performed repeated apneas during 100-W steady-state exercise, either with normoxic gas (air) or 95% oxygen (oxygen). Beat-by-beat arterial blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, and heart rate (HR) were determined, and stroke volume (SV) was estimated from impedance cardiography calibrated with soluble gas rebreathing. There were large interindividual variabilities of HR, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) at end-apnea (ea). However, for each individual, HRea, MAPea, and TPRea were highly correlated between air and oxygen ( R = 0.94, 0.78, and 0.93). HR decreased and MAP increased faster during apnea with air than with oxygen (ANOVA, P < 0.05), but MAPea was not different between conditions. Cardiac output was reduced by 33% with air and by 11% with oxygen ( P < 0.001 for air vs. oxygen). We conclude that the hypoxemia component cannot account for the wide interindividual differences of HR and TPR responses to apnea. However, hypoxemia augments the HR and TPR responses and may limit the MAP response to apnea by preventing a bradycardia-associated increase of SV.
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Andersson, Johan P. A., Mats H. Linér, Anne Fredsted, and Erika K. A. Schagatay. "Cardiovascular and respiratory responses to apneas with and without face immersion in exercising humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 96, no. 3 (March 2004): 1005–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01057.2002.

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The effect of the diving response on alveolar gas exchange was investigated in 15 subjects. During steady-state exercise (80 W) on a cycle ergometer, the subjects performed 40-s apneas in air and 40-s apneas with face immersion in cold (10°C) water. Heart rate decreased and blood pressure increased during apneas, and the responses were augmented by face immersion. Oxygen uptake from the lungs decreased during apnea in air (-22% compared with eupneic control) and was further reduced during apnea with face immersion (-25% compared with eupneic control). The plasma lactate concentration increased from control (11%) after apnea in air and even more after apnea with face immersion (20%), suggesting an increased anaerobic metabolism during apneas. The lung oxygen store was depleted more slowly during apnea with face immersion because of the augmented diving response, probably including a decrease in cardiac output. Venous oxygen stores were probably reduced by the cardiovascular responses. The turnover times of these gas stores would have been prolonged, reducing their effect on the oxygen uptake in the lungs. Thus the human diving response has an oxygen-conserving effect.
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Torres-Castro, Rodrigo, Jordi Vilaró, Joan-Daniel Martí, Onintza Garmendia, Elena Gimeno-Santos, Bárbara Romano-Andrioni, Cristina Embid, and Josep Montserrat. "Effects of a Combined Community Exercise Program in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 3 (March 14, 2019): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8030361.

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Physical activity is associated with a decreased prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea and improved sleep efficiency. Studies on the effects of a comprehensive exercise program in a community setting remain limited. Our objective was to investigate the effects of a combined physical and oropharyngeal exercise program on the apnea-hypopnea index in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. This was a randomized clinical trial where the intervention group followed an eight-week urban-walking program, oropharyngeal exercises, and diet and sleep recommendations. The control group followed diet and sleep recommendations. A total of 33 patients were enrolled and randomized and, finally, 27 patients were included in the study (IG, 14; CG, 13) Obstructive sleep apnea patients were analyzed with a median age of 67 (52–74) and median apnea-hypopnea index of 32 events/h (25–41). The apnea-hypopnea index did not differ between groups pre- and post-intervention. However, in intervention patients younger than 60 (n = 6) a reduction of the apnea-hypopnea index from 29.5 (21.8–48.3) to 15.5 (11–34) events/h (p = 0.028) was observed. While a comprehensive multimodal program does not modify the apnea-hypopnea index, it could reduce body weight and increase the walking distance of patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. Patients younger than 60 may also present a decreased apnea-hypopnea index after intervention.
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Sundblad, P., and D. Linnarsson. "Influence of apnea on cardiovascular responses to neck suction during exercise." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 271, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): H1370—H1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.271.4.h1370.

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Short-lasting neck suction (NS) is a common method to assess the carotid-cardiac baroreflex, and NS is usually applied during apnea to avoid breath-synchronous variations of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure. We hypothesized that the apnea might provoke cardiovascular effects that could confound the HR and blood pressure responses to NS. HR and blood pressure responses to 10-s trains of 50-mmHg pulses of NS were studied in six male subjects during supine rest, upright rest, isometric arm exercise at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction, and dynamic leg exercise at 100 W in the sitting position. Repeated NS sequences were performed during apnea preceded by a relaxed expiration to functional residual capacity and during eupnea. Initial HR responses to NS were similar during eupnea and apnea in all conditions. However, during isometric and dynamic exercise, recordings made under eupneic and apneic conditions differed during the second half of the NS period. During apneic isometric arm contraction, the elevation of mean carotid distending pressure (MCDP) (arterial pressure at carotid level minus NS pressure) was maintained at a 25-35% higher level than during eupneic isometric exercise over the last half of the NS period. In dynamic exercise, mean arterial pressure and MCDP started to increase after 3-5 s of apneic NS, whereas they were maintained during eupnea. One to three seconds later, HR started to drop markedly in apneic subjects, reaching values 20 beats/min lower than those in eupneic subjects at the end of the NS. We conclude that cardiovascular effects of apnea may appear after only 8 s of apnea in dynamic exercise and therefore could confound responses to NS.
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Bouten, Janne, Jonas Debusschere, Leen Lootens, Louise Declercq, Peter Van Eenoo, Jan Boone, and Jan G. Bourgois. "Six weeks of static apnea training does not affect Hbmass and exercise performance." Journal of Applied Physiology 132, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 673–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00770.2021.

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Apnea training has been suggested as a promising method to improve exercise performance for over a decade. However, to our knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate its value on both hematological parameters and exercise performance, including Hbmass and a control group. No changes in Hbmass nor exercise performance were observed. Contradicting previous research, no acute increase in [EPO] following apnea was observed either, indicating that more intense protocols are needed, at least in nonapnea-trained individuals.
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Castellini, M. A., D. P. Costa, and A. Huntley. "Hematocrit variation during sleep apnea in elephant seal pups." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 251, no. 2 (August 1, 1986): R429—R431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1986.251.2.r429.

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Hematocrit (Hct) levels were found to increase throughout long-duration sleep apnea in the northern elephant seal pup. Breath holds ranging from 4 to greater than 11 min were sampled. Blood collected from the extradural intravertebral vein showed an increase in Hct from 55.6 to 63.1% with the peak value occurring within 1 min of the end of apnea. Plasma lactate did not change throughout the breath hold. Previous observations of changing Hct levels in seals were made on animals diving naturally, and consequently the effects of exercise could not be separated from those of apnea. The results of this study demonstrate that the rise in Hct is produced quickly upon apnea, occurs without significant levels of hypoxic metabolism, and does not depend on exercise.
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Hoffmann, U., M. Smerecnik, D. Leyk, and D. Essfeld. "Cardiovascular Responses to Apnea during Dynamic Exercise." International Journal of Sports Medicine 26, no. 6 (July 2005): 426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-821113.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Exercise Apnea"

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Lindholm, Peter. "Severe hypoxemia during apnea in humans : influence of cardiovascular responses /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-314-7/.

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Shifflett, D. Edward Jr. "Physiological Responses in OSA Patients to Ramping Exercise After CPAP Treatment." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9865.

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Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the primary therapy administered for those afflicted with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We examined the effects of CPAP therapy on physiological variables during a ramped exercise. The five male, OSA patients had mean values and standard deviations for RDI=60.7 +/- 19.1, BMI=29.9 +/- 2.9, and age=56 +/- 16.1 yr. Subjects were examined before and after 4 wk of CPAP therapy. After 4 wk of CPAP therapy, patient responses to exercise showed a 17.6%, (p<0.05) improvement in rating of perceived exertion (RPE) at identical power outputs (60% of the individual's apparent functional capacity). Statistical significance was not attained (p>0.05) upon analysis of the following parameters at 60% of the individuals maximum workload although there was a trend showing a decrease in these variables: heart rate (6% improvement), VO2 (11.7% improvement) systolic blood pressure (4% improvement), and rate pressure product (8.6% improvement). This data shows that the decrease in RPE during 60% of the individual's maximum predicted HR reserve corresponded with an increase in sleep quality (mean increase of 40%, 3.2 units) as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index before and after 4 wk of CPAP therapy. It was concluded that the improvement in exercise tolerance could be attributed to the subjective feelings of improved sleep quality after 4 wk of CPAP therapy. Key Words: Obstructive sleep apnea---CPAP--- exercise---physiological responses.
Master of Science
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Blevins, Jennifer Susanne. "The relationship between markers of disease severity in obstructive sleep apnea patients and hemodynamic and respiratory function during graded exercise testing." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29947.

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is estimated to affect 2 to 4 percent of the adult population (Young T 1993, Skomro and Kryger 1999). However, an estimated 80 to 90 percent of adults with moderate to severe OSA may be clinically undiagnosed. Identification of those at risk and their subsequent diagnosis is, obviously, of great concern to clinicians. This investigation included three distinct research aims, which were the following: (1): In order to establish reliability of hemodynamic measures to be used during exercise testing, a study was conducted on the acetylene single-breath cardiac output (Qc) technique in 15 healthy subjects. This was completed in order to establish reliability of exercise Qc and total peripheral resistance (TPR), these responses could then be investigated acutely in the context of evaluating the relation of these measures to markers of disease in OSA patients. (2): The primary research aim was to describe the extent to which graded exercise testing may reveal abnormalities in hemodynamic function in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients, particularly with respect to cardiac output (Qc), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and TPR that may be related to polysomnography (PSG) markers of OSA severity. Cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic responses that were evaluated included the following: peak oxygen consumption (VO2pk), end-tidal carbon dioxide production (PETCO2), end-tidal oxygen pressure (PETO2), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (systolic = SBP and diastolic = DBP), rate pressure product (RPP), TPR and its derivatives including MAP and Qc, in OSA patients. A global biochemical marker of vascular function, 24-hour urinary nitrite/ nitrate elimination was also determined for each patient. (3): The last aim was included in order to provide qualitative information concerning treatment, subjective sleep and daytime function, and physical activity levels of the OSA patients in this investigation as well as to give insights into the special challenges and potential for doing trials involving nCPAP and physical exercise training with OSA patients. Results from this study can be used to improve clinical evaluation procedures as well as to better understand underlying mechanisms relative to the link between cardiovascular disease and OSA
Ph. D.
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Walker, Eric III. "Cardioascular Responses to Exercise: an Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Brief Exposure to Cpap in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9776.

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In order to clarify the effects of a single night of CPAP titration on various cardiovascular, gas exchange, and perceptual measures, we conducted submaximal ramping exercise tests to an intensity of ~75% of the heart rate reserve in five male subjects. Means and standard deviation for their age and BMI were 57.0±14.7 years and 30.5±7.2, respectively. The baseline exercise test was administered immediately after the patients arose from bed, following an overnight PSG diagnostic evaluation. The exercise test was repeated within ~2 weeks of completion of an overnight CPAP evaluation trial. Patients reported experiencing improved sleep quality (50%) after the CPAP titration, based on comparison of morning questionnaire responses from the diagnostic PSG vs. CPAP titration. Statistical significance was not attained (p>0.05) upon analysis of the following parameters at 60% of the individuals maximum workload although there were changes in the mean values of the variables from the diagnostic PSG vs CPAP titration. The following changes were noted: heart rate increased by 6%, systolic blood pressure decreased by 6%, and the rate pressure product decreased by 5.8%. Respiratory variables changed as follows: VO2 decreased by 5.3% and VE decreased by 8.5%. The perceptual measure rate of perceived exertion (RPE) decreased by 17.5%. These preliminary findings demonstrate that self-reports of sleep quality in patients with diagnosed OSA improved after a single night of CPAP titration, even in a setting wherein the total time of CPAP sleep and reduction of apneas, hypopneas, and hypoxemic episodes are highly variable. Additionally, sleep structure revealed a marked increase in slow wave (53.2%) and REM (30.4%) sleep with CPAP titration in comparison to the diagnostic PSG. It was concluded that CPAP titration effectively improves sleep structure and patient ratings of sleep quality, but does not have significant effects on cardiorespiratory responses to submaximal endurance exercise.
Master of Science
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Chittenden, Thomas William. "Chronic Hypoxia and Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Sleep Apnea Syndrome." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28718.

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The purpose of the current study was to test the hypothesis that chronic hypoxia associated with sleep-disordered breathing relates to abnormal Nitric Oxide (NO) production and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression patterns that contribute to aberrancy of specific determinates of cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary function before, during, and after graded exercise. These patterns may further reflect pathologic alteration of signaling within the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt-1) transduction network. To this end, 7 medically diagnosed OSA patients (3 male, 4 female), mean age 48 years and 7 apparently healthy control subjects (3 male, 4 female), mean age 42 years, underwent baseline venous blood draws and maximal bicycle ergometry. Mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood were utilized as reporter cells for measurement of VEGF, Akt-1, hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) gene expression by redundant oligonucleotide DNA microarray and real-time PCR technologies. Circulating angiogenic progenitor cells expressing VEGFR2 were profiled by flow cytometry. Plasma and serum concentrations of VEGF, nitrates/nitrites, catecholamines, and dopamine were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, oxygen consumption and total peripheral resistance were determined at Baseline, 100W, and peak ergometric stress by standard techniques. There were no apparent differences (p < .05) observed in biochemical markers relating to vascular function and adaptation including, serum nitrates/nitrites, norepinephrine, dopamine, and plasma VEGF. No differences were found relative to cardiac output, stroke volume, cardiopulmonary or myocardial oxygen consumption, expired ventilation, heart rate, arteriovenous oxygen difference, total peripheral resistance, and mean arterial pressure. Due to methodological issues related to the redundant oligonucleotide DNA microarray and real-time PCR gene expression analyses, results of these experiments were uninterpretable. Thus, the research hypothesis was rejected. Conversely, significant (p < .05) differences were observed in waist: hip ratios, recovery: peak systolic blood pressure ratio at 1 minute post-exercise and %VEGFR2 expression. OSA was associated with elevations in both waist: hip ratios and recovery: peak systolic blood pressure ratio at 1 minute post-exercise as well as significant depression of %VEGFR2 profiles. Moreover, significant negative correlations were found regarding waist: hip ratios and %VEGFR2 expression (r = -.69;p =.005) and recovery: peak systolic blood pressure ratio at 1 minute post-exercise and %VEGFR2 expression (r = -.65;p =.01). These findings did not provide evidence that NO-dependent vasoactive mechanisms are suppressed nor did they support the supposition that angiogenic mechanisms are pathologically activated in sleep-disordered breathing.
Ph. D.
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Agwara, Marytherese. "Cardiovascular Exercise Participation and Obstructive Sleep Apnea among Adults Over Normal Weight in the United States." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7361.

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a type of sleep apnea that is common, complicated, and a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases, neurocognitive impairment, and mortality. This disease has additional negative impacts on patients' lives by contributing to daytime sleepiness and low productivity at work as well as absenteeism and work-related injuries. Several studies have been conducted to assess the relationship between cardiovascular exercises and OSA; however, a definite conclusion is lacking. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between cardiovascular exercise participation and OSA by examining the relationship between total cardiovascular exercise participation per week and OSA as well as the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and OSA among adults over normal weight in the United States. Secondary data from the National Sleep Research Resource (NSRR) were used for analyses. Logistic regression was used to test the hypotheses. The Social-Ecological Model (SEM) guided the study. The findings of the study suggested that doing moderate cardiovascular exercise participation per week (0.1 and 200 minutes) had no relationship with OSA while doing higher cardiovascular exercise participation (>200 minutes) per week had relationship with OSA by increasing the odds (AOR = 2.1, CI: 1.048-4.060) of having severe OSA. BMI had no relationship with OSA. Individuals with OSA and a higher BMI could use the findings of this study to participate in an exercise program that might benefit their health and decrease the risk of exacerbated symptoms which could lead to an improved quality of life and decreased burden associated with OSA.
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Kaleth, Anthony Scott. "Aerobic Exercise Training and Nasal CPAP Therapy: Adaptations in Cardiovascular Function in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28378.

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious disorder that affects up to 24% of middle-aged males. The substantial cost and inconvenience associated with polysomnography limits the number of people who seek treatment. Therefore, information concerning exercise tolerance and hemodynamic function in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients may add new and clinically meaningful information to the process of grading disease severity and/or assessing treatment outcomes. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to explore relationships between polysomnography (PSG) markers of sleep function and resting and exercise measures of hemodynamic function in patients diagnosed with mild-to-severe OSA. A family of clinical markers including heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), cardiac index (CI), stroke volume index (SVI), total peripheral resistance (TPR), and oxygen uptake (VO2) were assessed in this study. A second objective was to explore differences in hemodynamic function at rest and during graded exercise in OSA patients versus control subjects matched for age and body mass index (BMI). A final objective was to evaluate the extent that treatment with nCPAP alone, or combined with a moderate aerobic exercise training program impacted markers of hemodynamic function (results not reported here). Methods: Eleven newly diagnosed OSA patients [5 male, 6 female; age: 46.5 + 12.0 yrs; respiratory disturbance index (RDI) = 30.2 + 15.0] and 10 apparently healthy control subjects (4 male, 6 female; age: 39.8 + 6.9 yrs) completed daytime resting measurements of heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure (BP); and underwent a maximal cycle ergometer exercise test at baseline and 6 wk post-treatment initiation. Pearson product moment correlations were calculated between PSG markers of sleep function and: (1) daytime measures of HRV; (2) BP; and (3) submaximal and peak exercise measures of hemodynamic function. Independent t tests were used to explore differences between OSA patients and controls. Results: Stage 1 sleep duration was significantly related to daytime SBP (r = 0.69; P < 0.05) and MAP (r = 0.72; P < 0.05). Daytime MAP (P = 0.01) and DBP (P = 0.02) were significantly different between groups. Exercise testing yielded the following results: RDI was significantly related to HR at 60 watts (r = -0.70; P = 0.02) and 100 watts (r = -0.69; P = 02); stage 2 sleep duration was inversely related to CI at 60 (r = -0.76; P = 0.03) and 100 watts. In addition, stage 1 sleep duration was significantly correlated with TPR at 60 watts (r = 0.70; P = 0.06) and 100 watts (r = 0.71; P = 0.05). At peak exercise, a significant relationship was noted between peak HR and stage 2 sleep duration (r = -0.73; P = 0.02); and RDI (r = -0.66; P = 0.03). Furthermore, relative VO2pk was positively correlated to REM sleep duration (r = 0.62; P = 0.04). Conclusions: Distinct patterns exist in measures of daytime HRV and BP may provide physicians unique and clinically useful information. In addition, peak exercise capacity is reduced in the OSA patient and may be related to a blunted HR response to graded exercise.
Ph. D.
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Hargens, Trent Alan. "The Effects of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome on Cardiovascular Function with Exercise Testing in Young Adult Males." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26185.

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Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a serious disorder that affects an estimated 24% of middle-age males, and 9% of middle-aged females. In addition, a large portion of individuals with OSAS go undiagnosed. OSAS is associated with several adverse health problems, including the metabolic syndrome. Therefore, there is a clear need to identify new methods for assessing OSAS risk. The exercise test has been used effectively as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for those at high risk for cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Research into the cardiopulmonary responses to exercise testing in young adult men with OSAS has not been examined. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to: 1) evaluate whether OSAS is characterized by exaggerated ventilatory responses to ramp exercise testing, with a secondary aim to evaluate if variations in serum leptin concentration might exert a regulatory in ventilatory responses during exercise; 2) To evaluate whether autonomic control of the cardiovascular response during exercise is distorted by OSAS in young overweight men, as manifested by a blunting of heart rate and exaggeration of blood pressure responses.; 3) To explore whether various simple clinical measures and response patterns from graded exercise testing might serve to discriminate between young men with and without OSAS. Methods: For objectives one and two, 14 obese men with OSAS [age = 22.4 ± 2.8; body mass index (BMI) = 32.0 ± 3.7; apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) = 22.7 ± 18.5], 16 obese men without OSAS (age = 21.4 ± 2.6; BMI = 31.4 ± 3.7), and 14 normal weight subjects (objective 2) (age = 21.4 ± 2.1; BMI = 22.0 ± 1.3) were recruited. For objective three, 91 men (age = 21.6 ± 2.8; AHI range = 0.6 â 60.5; BMI range = 19.0 â 43.9) were recruited. Subjects completed a ramp cycle ergometer exercise test, and a fasting blood sample was obtained to measure plasma leptin and blood lipid levels. Repeated measures ANOVA and stepwise linear regression was used to examine objectives 1 and 2. For objective 3, stepwise linear regression and receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis was utilized. Results: Ventilation (VE), the ventilatory equivalents for oxygen (VE/VO2) and carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) were greater in the OSAS subjects vs. the overweight subjects without OSAS (P = 0.05, P < 0.05 and P < 0.005, respectively) at all exercise intensities. Heart rate (HR) recovery was attenuated in the overweight OSAS subjects compared to the No-OSAS and Control groups throughout 5 minutes of active recovery (P = 0.009). Oxygen uptake, HR, and blood pressure did not differ throughout exercise. Leptin was not associated with ventilatory responses at any exercise intensity. Linear regression analysis revealed hip-to-height ratio (HHR), hip circumference (HC), triglyceride levels, and recovery systolic blood pressure ratio (SBPR) at 2 and 4 minutes were independent predictors of AHI (model fit: R2 = 0.68, p <0.0001). ROC analysis determined that percent body fat, HHR, and recovery HR at 2 minutes and 4 minutes were the best single predictors of OSAS risk (AUC = 0.77 for each measure, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Unique ventilatory and hemodynamic characteristics to maximal exercise testing are exhibited in young men with OSAS. These characteristics may be related to alterations in the sympathetic nervous system and chemoreceptor activation, and may be early clinical signs in the progression of OSAS. These exercise characteristics, along with anthropometric and body composition measures may provide useful information in identifying young men at risk for OSAS.
Ph. D.
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9

Ledman, Cassandra A. "The effect of continuous positive airway pressure treatment on physical activity levels in obstructive sleep apnea patients." Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1391676.

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Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is becoming an increasingly prevalent health problem, affecting 4% of men and 2% of women in North America. OSA is associated with many debilitating side-effects and co-morbidities; the most common being excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), which effects the majority of OSA sufferers. EDS is negatively associated with physical activity (PA) and exercise. As a result, EDS may decrease the levels of PA performed by OSA patients. Previous research has revealed that the OSA population engages in less physical activity than the average healthy population. Studies show that CPAP treatment positively impacts EDS, and therefore; may impact PA. The primary purpose of this study was to objectively measure OSA patients' PA levels prior to CPAP treatment and 8 weeks after treatment initiation to assess whether CPAP treatment' impacts PA levels.Actigraph GT 1 M measures PA was assessed at baseline (prior to CPAP) and 8-weeks after. initiation of CPAP treatment. At each time frame, cardiovascular., blood data, body composition, and maximal cycle ergometer exercise measures were obtained. Also, subjective questionnaires, 1 reflective of sleep apnea and 1 regarding PA, were completed by the subjects.Six male subjects with severe OSA (AHI = 41.2 ± 28.4 events/hr) started and completed the study. No significant changes occurred in PA, represented as steps/day nor mean activity counts/day, throughout the 8 weeks of CPAP treatment. Significant changes were found in diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and Epworth sleepiness scale scores. No significant changes occurred in any other body composition, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and blood glucose. Exercise parameters, total test time, peak Watts, and V02max trended toward an increase and maximal heart rate and blood pressure toward a decrease, but none changed significantly.In conclusion, these results demonstrated that 8 weeks of CPAP treatment was not successful in increasing PA levels of severe OSA patients. The OSA subjects were categorized as sedentary according to their steps/day. Compliance to CPAP could have been an issue with subjects' average nightly usage ranging from 1.85 – 6.6hours/night. Consequently, more research regarding OSA patients PA habits and CPAP treatments effects on PA should be investigated.
School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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Ballentine, Howard Monroe. "Relating Heart Rate Variability, Urinary Catecholamines, and Baseline Fitness to Respiratory Distress Index and Severity of Disease in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34651.

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Heart Rate Variability (HRV) currently is utilized when assessing the risk of mortality in individuals suffering from coronary heart disease or diabetic neuropathy. Research has shown that patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) also show a decrease in HRV, as well as an increase in sympathetic drive characterized by an increase in the low-frequency component of HRV. HRV, in conjunction with other indicators, may represent a non-invasive, low cost method for the confirmation of severity of OSA in some patients and therefore may represent an additional tool for the assessment of risk in these individuals. This becomes especially true when urinary catecholamines, fitness level, and quality of life (QOL) assessment are included. The purpose of this study was to determine if a correlation exists between severity of OSA as assessed by respiratory distress index (RDI) and the selected measures HRV, fitness, QOL, and catecholamine output. Subjects were 6 men and 5 women who were recently diagnosed with OSA by polysomnographic (PSG) study. HRV and blood pressure was measured during two consecutive trials consisting of 512 heartbeats. Catecholamine levels were determined by HPLC following 24-hour urine collection. Fitness levels were established following cycle ergometer testing and QOL following questionnaire completion. Subjects with lower weight, BMI, and neck circumference had significantly higher parasympathetic influence as analyzed through the amount of high frequency component of HRV (r =.738, .726, .789, respectively; p<0.05). Respiratory distress index (RDI) was negatively related to the average heart rate (HR=RR average, r = -.610, p<0.05), while the amount of total sleep (r = .657, p<0.05) and REM sleep (r = .739, p<0.01) increased as HR increased. The average HR was correlated to the predicted VO2max (r = .677, p<0.05). When the frequency components of HRV, fitness, QOL, and catecholamines were combined, the association to RDI increased dramatically (r = .984, p = .02). The results indicate that as the severity of OSA increases, markers of fitness, QOL, and sleep decrease. There is also an inverse relationship between autonomic function and severity of OSA. It is concluded that HRV and fitness levels are inversely related to the severity of OSA, and that these measures may be developed into a risk assessment tool for use in OSA patient evaluatio
Master of Science
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Books on the topic "Exercise Apnea"

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Sleep with Buteyko: The only way to stop snoring, sleep apnoea and insomnia. Galway, Ireland: Buteyko Books, 2011.

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Sahota, Pradeep, and Niranjan N. Singh. Sleep in other neurological disorders—headache. Edited by Sudhansu Chokroverty, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, and Christopher Kennard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682003.003.0031.

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Headache and sleep disorder are among the most commonly reported problems in clinical practice and often coexist in the same patient. The two are related in several ways, though the relationship is very complex and is still not very well understood. The brainstem and hypothalamic nuclei are hypothesized to regulate both sleep and headache. Differential diagnosis of headache during sleep includes cluster headache, hypnic headache, migraine, sleep apnea headache, exploding head syndrome, tension-type headache, and paroxysmal hemicrania. Management of these headaches depends upon the diagnosis as a primary headache like migraine and cluster headaches versus secondary headaches during sleep seen in the patient with brain tumors, stroke, or meningitis. Management of primary headaches can be divided into nonpharmacological approaches, which predominantly include lifestyle modification, diet and exercise, avoidance of triggers, and sleep hygiene, and pharmacological approaches, including preventive and abortive treatments.
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Book chapters on the topic "Exercise Apnea"

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Böning, Dieter, Michael I. Lindinger, Damian M. Bailey, Istvan Berczi, Kameljit Kalsi, José González-Alonso, David J. Dyck, et al. "Apnea–Hypopnea Index." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_2109.

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Kalmar, Jayne M., Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, et al. "Central Sleep Apnea." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 179. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_2211.

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Baak, Marleen A., Bernard Gutin, Kim A. Krawczewski Carhuatanta, Stephen C. Woods, Heinz W. Harbach, Megan M. Wenner, Nina S. Stachenfeld, et al. "Obstructive Sleep Apnea." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 662. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_2782.

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Kim, Kyung-A., and Su-Jung Kim. "Oropharyngeal Exercise for OSA Patients." In Orthodontics in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients, 131–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24413-2_10.

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Netzer, Nikolaus, Martin Huonker, Peter Werner, Hugo Prelicz, Josef Keul, and Heinrich Matthys. "Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Body Building and Abuse of Anabolic Steroids." In The Physiology and Pathophysiology of Exercise Tolerance, 253–59. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5887-3_37.

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Pison, C. M., J. M. Gaio, D. Fagret, P. Romand, P. A. Levy, C. Bonnet, J. E. Wolf, C. Brambilla, and C. Guilleminault. "Changes in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction During Arterial REM Sleep Desaturation and Exercise in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Sleep Apnea Syndrome." In Sleep and Health Risk, 348–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76034-1_41.

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O’Connor, Patrick J., and Carly L. A. Wender. "Physical Activity, Sleep, and Sleep Disorders." In Integrative Sleep Medicine, edited by Valerie Cacho and Esther Lum, 127–48. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190885403.003.0009.

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Science-based knowledge about the influence of physical activity on sleep has grown during the past 5 years. The available evidence reviewed in this chapter shows that clinicians can safely recommend the adoption and maintenance of regular physical activity as an adjunctive therapy for patients with insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea. Specific conclusions are that healthy people who engage in a single bout of physical activity show small sleep benefits compared to a day in which no physical activity was performed; healthy sedentary people who adopt a program of regular physical activity show improvements in sleep after exercise training, especially in perceived sleep quality; (physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with reduced sleep complaints and a small number of randomized trials with insomnia patients supports that regular physical activity can improve their sleep; regular physical activity reduces the severity of obstructive sleep apnea and improves daytime sleepiness in these patients; exercise reduces symptoms of restless legs syndrome in patients with kidney disease but the evidence is uncertain whether physical activity improves restless legs syndrome in other patient groups; physical activity has the potential to treat circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders because a single bout of appropriately timed exercise can cause circadian phase shifts and it is uncertain if physical activity impacts the sleep of patients with narcolepsy or parasomnias.
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L. McWhorter, Ketrell. "Obesity Acceptance: Body Positivity and Clinical Risk Factors." In Cardiac Diseases - Novel Aspects of Cardiac Risk, Cardiorenal Pathology and Cardiac Interventions. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93540.

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Most people are aware of how they look and, whether poor or positive, have an opinion about their image. Social media influencers, pressure from societal norms, media images, and even friends and family can impact body image. Body positivity has undoubtedly gone mainstream. Included in this movement are obesity acceptance and its demarginalization. However, the acceptance of overweight and obesity may undermine the decades-long progress made toward reducing risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Obesity is a global epidemic disease with risk factors that include hypertension, inflammation, heart attack, stroke, and diabetes. Obesity is also associated with obstructive sleep apnea. Positive body image is an important component of overall health. However, also maintaining a proper clinical definition and self-perception of what constitutes “normal” weight, coupled with weight management, regular exercise, and monitoring blood pressure and blood sugar, will continue progress toward reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Alswat, Khaled A., Shikha G. Khosla, Eric S. Nylen, Rahul Khosla, Marshall S. Balish, and Peter F. Kokkinos. "Mortality Risk Association between Exercise Capacity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and/or Hypertension." In CLINICAL - Obesity: Causes & Consequences, P3–407—P3–407. The Endocrine Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo-meetings.2011.part3.p35.p3-407.

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McKeon, Andrew. "Diffuse Pain and Abnormal Brain MRI Findings." In Mayo Clinic Cases in Neuroimmunology, edited by Andrew McKeon, B. Mark Keegan, and W. Oliver Tobin, 26–28. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197583425.003.0008.

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A 46-year-old woman with a remote history of classical migraine had development of pain behind her left eye followed by holocephalic headache. She subsequently began to have episodic headaches. Her sleep became disrupted. Irritability, cognitive symptoms, and fatigue then developed. Her headaches occurred daily, along with whole-body discomfort. She underwent polysomnography and was diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Her sleep quality improved with continuous positive airway pressure therapy, but her daily headaches, cognitive symptoms, and limb pain persisted. She was diagnosed with “seronegative Lyme disease.” Fourteen days of doxycycline therapy was not accompanied by improvement in symptoms. After extensive laboratory evaluations and consultations, the patient was diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Short trials of low doses of amitriptyline, nortriptyline, gabapentin, and pregabalin were undertaken, but these were poorly tolerated and discontinued in each instance. The patient was concerned that she may have multiple sclerosis, and she underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. The radiology report documented multiple, small areas of T2-signal change, and demyelinating disease was included in the radiologic differential diagnosis. The patient then sought a second opinion. Evaluations at Mayo Clinic supported evidence of diffuse myofascial limb and back pain and tenderness. Brain magnetic resonance images were reviewed. Extensive work-up for alternative differential diagnostic considerations for her pain was unremarkable. The patient was diagnosed with fibromyalgia with features of central sensitization, with brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrating nonspecific radiologic abnormalities. A detailed discussion about fibromyalgia and central sensitization was undertaken with the patient. The concepts rehabilitative approaches were reviewed. Slowly progressive, incremental, physical reconditioning, and cognitive behavioral retraining were recommended. She was advised to complete a fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue treatment program, focusing on cognitive and behavioral approaches, stress management, sleep hygiene, balanced lifestyle, moderation, energy conservation, and graded exercise. No new medications were recommended given her previous poor tolerance. The patient’s atypical symptoms, normal examination findings, and brain magnetic resonance imaging appearance assisted in excluding a diagnosis of demyelinating disease. The radiologic findings, termed white matter leukoaraiotic change, are commonly encountered in healthy persons as they age, particularly in patients with migraine or those with microvascular risk factors.
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Conference papers on the topic "Exercise Apnea"

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Opem, Nina, Amir Sadikov, Sully F. Chen, Timothy Quang, Brian Hill, Robert V. Warren, Rami Khayat, Ruth Benca, and Bruce Tromberg. "Smartphone-compatible NIRS for sleep apnea monitoring." In Biophotonics in Exercise Science, Sports Medicine, Health Monitoring Technologies, and Wearables IV, edited by Babak Shadgan and Amir H. Gandjbakhche. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2664764.

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Stavrou, Vasileios, George Vavougios, Chaido Pastaka, Zoe Daniil, Konstantinos Gourgoulianis, and Eleni Karetsi. "The cardiopulmonary exercise testing as a predictive tool of sleep apnea syndrome." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa2321.

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Sonners, C., C. N. Schmickl, J. R. Raphelson, I. Swiatkiewicz, A. Malhotra, and P. R. Taub. "The Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Exercise Performance in a Cardiac Rehabilitation Program." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a4690.

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Pendharkar, SR, WH Tsai, N. Eves, GT Ford, and W. Davidson. "Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Therapy Increases Exercise Tolerance in Obese Subjects with Obstructive Sleep Apnea." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a2042.

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Kazennov, A. E. "OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME IN WORKERS OF DUST PROFECCIONS." In The 4th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» International Youth Forum (OHIYF-2022). FSBSI «IRIOH», 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-6-9-2022-1-91-95.

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Introduction: The data of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) effect to bronchopulmonary system chronic pathology progression is the basis for conducting the study to assess the risk of OSA in dust professions, comparing the identified functional and anthropometric data in order to determine its impact to risk of respiratory system occupational pathology development. The aim of work was the comparative assessment of OSA frequency and severity in contact with industrial aerosols workers. Methods: 48 employees of industrial enterprises were examined. Group 1 (22 people) included workers exposed to disintegration aerosols (average work experience and age 20.5±9.9 and 52.4±9.8 years). Group 2 (10 people) - workers with condensation aerosols contact (average working period and age - 22.1 ± 8.8 and 48.6± 9.3 years). Group 3 (16 people) workers without industrial aerosols contact (average length of work and age 28.4±12.8 and 56.4± 10.7 years). The survey included interview by Stop-bang questionnaires and Berlin questionnaire for OSA development risk assessment, as well as exercise tolerance by a 6-minute walking test and ventilation function assessment. Results: Disintegration aerosols effect increases the likelihood of restrictive disorders, and under the influence of condensation aerosols, the likelihood of obstructive disorders, the formation of "air traps" and emphysema increases. Dust loading can also increase the risk of OSA. Conclusions: Questionnaires use (Berlin Questionnaire and Stop-bang) can give contradictory results, which requires a more detailed study of OSA features the course in workers of dust-hazardous professions with assessment of dust load and physico-chemical properties of aerosols role using objectifying techniques.
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Rivera Motta, Julián Andrés, Ricardo Mosquera, and Lina Marcela Orozco Mejía. "Effects of physical exercise on the respiratory muscles, aerobic capacity and quality of life in patients with obstructive sleep apnea." In ERS International Congress 2021 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.pa744.

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Masmoudi, Donies, Amal Krid, Sahar Chakroun, Hana Trabelsi, Leila Triki, Hela Zouari, Ines Kammoun, Kaouthar Masmoudi, and Malek Chaabouni. "Does Continuous Positive Airway Pressure improve the sub-maximal exercise capacity in obese patients with severe obstructive sleep-apnea-hypopnea-syndrome ?" In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa4173.

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"Comparison between acute effects of intermittent hypoxia and aerobic exercise on nitric oxide level, blood pressure and lung function in apnea." In International Conference on Medicine, Public Health and Biological Sciences. CASRP Publishing Company, Ltd. Uk, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/mphbs.2016.82.

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Macrea, M., M. Castillo, T. J. Martin, K. A. Oursler, and S. Harden. "A Qualitative Study of Preferences and Barriers to Home Exercise in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea or Overlap Syndrome." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a4752.

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Macrea, M., R. L. ZuWallack, T. J. Martin, K. A. Oursler, and A. Malhotra. "Exercise Cardiac Power and Coronary Artery Disease Mortality Risk in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Overlap Syndrome (OS)." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a2281.

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