Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Exercices à haute-Intensité'
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Guiraud, Thibaut. "Etude de la réponse aigüe à l'exercice intermittent à haute intensité chez le patient coronarien." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU30004.
Full textHigh-intensity interval training has been shown to be more effective than moderate intensity continuous training for improving maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and metabolic profile in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). However, no evidence supports the prescription of one specific protocol of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) in this population. We have compared the acute cardiopulmonary responses to four different sessions of HIIE in order to identify the most optimal one in CHD patients. In random fashion, subjects performed the different HIIE sessions, all with exercise phases at 100% of maximal aerobic power (MAP), but which varied in interval duration (15 s or 60 s) and type of recovery (0% of MAP or 50% of MAP). Each protocol lasted 35 minutes or until exhaustion. When considering perceived exertion, patient comfort and time spent above 80% of VO2max, we found that repeated bouts of 15s at 100% of MAP interspersed by 15s phases of passive recovery was the optimal HIIE session for these coronary patients. Then, we compared the physiological responses to the optimized HIIE versus a moderate intensity continuous training (MICE) protocol of similar energy expenditure in coronary patients. When considering physiological responses, safety (no elevation of Troponin T) and perceived exertion, the HIIE protocol appeared to be well tolerated and more efficient in this group of stable coronary patients. Finally, a single bout of HIIE did not induce deleterious effects on the endothelium, as demonstrated by endothelial microparticules analyses. We conclude that high-intensity interval exercise is a promising mode of training for patients with stable CHD that should also be further investigated in cardiac patients, particularly with exercise-induced ischemia
Billaut, François. "Exercice intermittent de haute intensité et de très courte durée : Influences de l'heure de la journée, du genre et de l'agencement des temps de récupération." Toulon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUL0008.
Full textEvolution of performances and fatigue processes during intermittent cycling sprints (6-8 s)is analyzed through effects of time of day, gender, and recovery period repartition. Fatigue and recovery processes of anaerobic maximal power output are poorly dependant on biologic rhythms and gender. However, women exhibit greater fatigability than men within the same srpint (P<0,005). The repartition of recovery periods (same total duration : constant, increasing, or decreasing duration)modifies the time of fatigue development (P<0. 05), but do not affect overall performance during series. Owing to neuromuscular activity and inter-muscle coordiantion, the decline in performances during sprints is attributable to fatigue that is peripheral and central in origin
Daussin, Frédéric. "Effets d'un entraînement en endurance à charge constante, à charge variable ou à haute intensité chez l'homme : Etude intégrative du systémique au cellulaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/DAUSSIN_Frederic_2007.pdf.
Full textEndurance training is currently used in chronical diseases to improved aerobic performance and quality of life of these patients. Continuous endurance training and interval training are the both modalities used in rehabilitation. In a first part, we compared the effects of these two trainings modalities from systemic to cellular adaptations. Sixteen subjects performed the both trainings modalities which are characterized by same energy expenditure and training duration. Aerobic performance was improved by both trainings modalities throughout different adaptations. Interval training improved central adaptations (cardiac output) and peripheral adaptations (capillary density and mitochondrial function) whereas continuous training enhanced capillary density. In the second part, we compared sedentary subjects and endurance athletes to determine the effect of endurance training at high intensity on mitochondrial function. Athletes presented quantitative and qualitative modifications toward a greater capacity to oxidize carbohydrate. Our results improve the knowledge about the endurance training induced adaptation. They favorite the endurance training prescriptions for chronical disease patients and allow to choose the training modality in function of patient’s disease. Finally, it will improve quality of life of chronical disease patients
Delfour-Peyrethon, Rémi. "Effets de l'acidose métabolique mis en exergue par une alcalose induite sur la performance et les réponses physiologiques, cellulaires et moléculaires du muscle strié squelettique au cours d'exercices de haute-intensité." Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NANT3016.
Full textThis thesis falls within the general framework of the energetic physiology, and includes three studies, ranging from global exploration of the humans in motion (field tests with athletes of the French Cycling Team, laboratory exploration during exercise on trained cyclists) to studies of muscle metabolism by techniques of cellular and molecular investigations in active subjects. This work has focused on high-intensity exercise generating high levels of muscle fatigue and the resulting adaptive cardiorespiratory and muscular responses. Supplementation of sodium bicarbonate against placebo was used to study the precise role of the accumulation of protons during sprint cycling sessions. Through this work, we have shown that, if an induced alkalosis did not systematically improve sprint cycling performances, a significant disruption of the pH led to changes in oxygen transport during exercise, in mitochondrial function after 24h of recovery, but also in the expression of some proteins involved in pH regulation (i. E. , lactate/proton co-transporter (MCT1) its chaperone protein CD147, and the sodium/proton exchanger (NHE1)). These changes were related to a reduction of the oxidative stress induced by alkalosis, suggesting a harmful role of the carbonylation in these protein expressions. These results provide a new perspective on the role played by acidosis in the regulatory mechanisms at physiological, cellular and molecular levels in humans
Dellal, Alexandre. "Analyse de l'activité physique du footballeur et de ses conséquences dans l'orientation de l'entraînement : application spécifique aux exercices intermittents courses à haute intensité et aux jeux réduits." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/DELLAL_Alexandre_2008.pdf.
Full textThe optimization of the training in football needs a precise analyze of the soccer player activity during an official game. This thesis allowed to identify the physical implications in direct relationship with technical and tactical qualities according to the positions occupied on the pitch. Our results have shown the importance of the repeated sprints and repeated high intensity run capacity. .
Ducomps, Christophe. "Adaptations fonctionnelles du muscle squelettique à l'exercice de haute intensité : effets sur le collagène, les propriétés mécaniques passives et la distribution des fibres musculaires." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30077.
Full textThe functional adaptations of various skeletal muscles, were investigated in response to a high-intensity exercise training, i. E. Jumping. The mechanical analysis reveals an increase in resistance and passive stiffness of pennate Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) and Rectus Femoris (RF) muscles after training, in addition to a general increase induced by age. This increase in passive mechanical qualities could be linked to an increase in collagen concentration of muscles. .
Chiron, François. "Optimisation de la performance et de la récupération des athlètes de haut-niveau engagés dans la réitération d'exercices à haute-intensité : exemple du 400 m." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025UPASW002.
Full textFrench elite athletes specializing in long sprints in track and field face challenges in maintaining optimal performance during international competitions. In this context, the overarching goal of this doctoral research was to adopt a holistic approach to optimize the repetition of high-intensity exercises andenhance athlete recovery during international events. To achieve this, two aspects related to stress were explored: first, the study examined the impact of psychophysiological stress during competition on the regulation of the autonomic and neuroendocrine nervous systems, as well as the evaluation of innovative stress management strategies such as cardiac coherence to improve neuroendocrine regulation and sleep quality during competitions.Additionally, during high-intensity exercises, energy production induces significant metabolic disruptions, such as marked metabolic acidosis (with blood pH below 7 observed after 400 m events), which may hinder performance. To address this, nutritional and hydration strategies, including specific diets and hydration with bicarbonate-rich water, were tested to better regulate metabolic stress.Initial studies revealed psychophysiological disruptions related to competitive stress, with a significant decrease in parasympathetic activity and increased salivary stress biomarkers (cortisol and alpha-amylase). These disruptions, observed during both qualifying phases and finals, correlated withheightened anxiety and reduced recovery capacity (Studies 1 and 2). Interindividual variability highlighted some athletes' heightened sensitivity to competitive stress, emphasizing the need for individualized approaches to better manage these responses.The introduction of coherente breathing as a stress management technique improved autonomic nervous system regulation, reduced inflammation (IL-1β), and enhanced sleep quality, essential for recovery between events. Athletes practicing this technique demonstrated improved hormonal and inflammatory regulation, although no direct impact on competition performance was observed (Study 3).Subsequent studies addressing metabolic stress regulation demonstrated that consuming bicarbonate-rich water combined with an alkalizing diet (as opposed to an acidifying diet) significantly increased blood and urinary pH, improved lactate clearance after repeated exercises, and optimized bufferingcapacity (Studies 4 and 5). These metabolic adjustments enabled athletes to maintain or improve performance, particularly on the third day of high-intensity competition (Studies 5).In conclusion, this research highlights the importance of integrating strategies that combine pre-competitive stress management, particularly through coherent breathing, with tailored nutritional and hydration approaches during international competitions. These strategies promote better regulation ofthe autonomic and neuroendocrine nervous systems, enhance sleep quality, and help manage competition-induced metabolic acidosis. Together, these approaches can improve both performance and recovery for high-level athletes in demanding competitive contexts
Constans, Annabelle. "Etude des effets de programmes d'endurance de haute intensité et de haut volume sur les performances physiques, cognitives ainsi que sur la plasticité musculaire et cérébrale chez le rat sain et ayant subi une ischémie cérébrale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0115/document.
Full textEndurance exercise is essential for different reasons in athlete and also in aging and pathological people. Two training modalities were found: high intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity aerobic training (MOD). However, the specific outcomes of these modalities on physical performance and cerebral and muscular plasticity are controversial because many exercise protocols exist. The 1st study explore the impact of these 2 training on endurance and functional capacity and also on muscular and cerebral molecular modifications throughout 8 weeks in healthy rats. HIIT and MOD programs are work-matched and training intensity are determined thanks to the lactate threshold. Our results show a superior and fast effect on endurance capacity after HIIT compared to MOD. Hippocampal plasticity is stimulated only after HIIT and muscular modifications appear to be specific to each modality. A great interest of HIIT is found in stroke patients for whom evidence of endurance modalities efficiency is still missing. A previous study has shown a beneficial effect of HIIT in the acute phase of stroke despite incomplete sensorimotor recuperation. Hence, the interest to deepen in second part of this manuscript the impact of two HIIT modalities (short and long) in recovery optimisation. Our results show that 2 HIIT strongly improve endurance performance and strength of injured paw with a fast effect for long HIIT. The 2 modalities seem to induce cerebral angiogenesis. However, these 2 training do not increase sensorimotor and cognitive functions. In perspective, it appears necessary to develop muscular and cerebral outcomes induced by these 2 HIIT modalities
Zaenker, Pierre. "Effets de l'entraînement à haute intensité associé au renforcement musculaire sur les capacités physiques et la qualité de vie chez les patients atteints de sclérose en plaques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ047/document.
Full textAfter being contraindicated, physical activity take an increasingly important place in the management of multiple sclerosis (MS). The training at mild to moderate intensity is widely documented, contrary to the high intensity training. This work has focused on the effects of high intensity interval training combined with resistance training during 12 weeks in 26 MS patients. Our results show that peak oxygen consumption, maximum tolerated power, isokinetic muscle strength in both quadriceps and hamstrings and quality of life are improved. Women show more important and more numerous improvements than men, however, the disability level does not seem to limit improvements. Our work has demonstrated that high intensity interval training combined with resistance training is well tolerated and allows physical capacities and quality of life improvements
Sosner, Philippe. "Effet hypotenseur de nouvelles modalités d’exercice physique chez le patient hypertendu de grade 1 ou 2." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2260.
Full textHigh blood pressure is a common disease with many cardiovascular complications. Inactivity is also an important cardiovascular risk factor, and the regular practice of physical activity (PA) decreases very significantly this risk, more than the single improvement of blood pressure (BP). Therefore, PA is recommended for its contribution on the management of hypertension. The “acute” BP fall following a bout of exercise contributes to the “chronic” antihypertensive effect of physical training, by inducing both functional and structural adaptations (BP regulation systems and components of arterial wall, respectively). Face to the many modalities of PA (aerobic, strength, continuous or intermittent mode, outdoor, indoor or in swimming-pool) and to the desires and availabilities of the patient, we aimed to assess, in hypertensive individuals, the effect of new modes (high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE), cycling in immersed condition) using preferably ambulatory BP monitoring measures. Thereby, our research identified, through a meta-analysis and 3 clinical studies, the following results:A- regarding PA characteristics : 1- a BP decrease following one bout of HIIE, 2-week HIIE training (thrice a week) and 9-month HIIE training (twice a week) in a combined lifestyle program;2- an additional BP improvement in up-to-the chest immersed condition; 3- an improvement in arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity, PWV);B- regarding patient’s characteristics: favorable moderators such as a resting BP ≥135/85 mm Hg, or the association of diet intervention. These results should contribute to improve prescription of PA in hypertensive individuals
Drapeau, Audrey. "Influence de 6 semaines d'entraînement par intervalles à haute intensité sur l'autorégulation cérébrale dynamique d'hommes entraînés en endurance." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36447.
Full textRecent cross-sectional evidence revealed that an elevated cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with an impaired dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA); ability of the cerebrovasculature to alter its resistance in response to abrupt and rapid changes in blood pressure to maintain cerebral blood flow (CBF). Very few studies have attempted to assess longitudinally how resting CBF and dCA react to training. The ones that did, observed that sedentary young and elderly or clinical populations had beneficial effects of training on cardiorespiratory and cerebrovascular health. The extend at which improving CRF in already cardiofit individuals remains unknown. When seeking CRF improvement, they often resort to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) either submaximal or supramaximal. The literature related to the influence of intensity training per se on the cerebral hemodynamics is limited. The present study characterized CBF at rest and dCA using forced oscillations of blood pressure induced by the repeated squat-stand maneuver following 6 weeks of HIIT in endurance-trained men. We also examined if the potential changes would be intensity-dependant. Our results indicate that independently of intensity, CBF at rest remained unchanged following training even in the face of a significantly improved CRF. Furthermore, the cerebrovasculature of endurance-trained men retained the ability to counteract slow and abrupt changes during forced oscillations of BP at 0.05 Hz. However, when the forced oscillations are more rapid, at 0.10 Hz, there is a decrease in phase shift as estimated by transfer function analysis. Taken together, HIIT training over a period of 6 week is beneficial for CRF but deteriorates dCA of endurance-trained me.
Borne, Rachel. "Électrostimulation neuromusculaire et récupération à court terme : implications dans la performance du sportif de haut niveau." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4138.
Full textThe practice of intense and repeated exercises, interrupted with short recovery times, may induce alterations in homeostasis and a decrease of the performance for athletes who are subject to this type of constraints. In this context, the optimization of the recovery processes is a strong possibility to improve performance and the maintain of it all along the competitive period. One of the main limits in the preservation of performance in type high-intensity, repeated at small interval of time, is attributed to the peripheral fatigue, inherent to all the mechanisms implied in the skeletal muscle excitability and contraction. This peripheral fatigue induces an inadequacy between the contributions and the cellular needs of oxygen and nutrients, and also a disability for disposal or recycling the metabolic by-products stemming from the muscular contraction. In order to limit these effects, the increase in blood flow during exercise and recovery seems essential for the good restoring of the state of physiological balance for the body and the preservation of sport performance. Therefore, the neuromuscular electrical stimulation seems to be, in theory, an effective recovery mode to improve the blood flow. This present thesis, comprising three studies, aimed to know precisely the effects of the neuromuscular electrical stimulation - by the use of a new device stemming from the medical field - on the kinetics of recovery of performance, physiological and perceptual markers, in the context of intense exercises repeated in the short terms. We hypothesized that an effective stimulation, increasing the blood flow would allow to optimize short-term recovery between two high-intensity exercises. These results should contribute to optimize, in the future, the strategies of recovery organized after an intense exercise
Desanlis, Julien. "Haemodynamic and cardiorespiratory acute and chronic responses to different blood flow restrictions at rest and during exercise." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASW008.
Full textIschaemia induced by an inflated cuff at rest (Ischemic Preconditioning, IPC) or during exercise (Blood Flow Restriction, BFR) affects the oxygen transport chain, depending on the cuff pressure. This local hypoxia is used to optimise training effects. The objective of this thesis is to study the haemodynamic and cardio-respiratory responses and adaptations to different levels of blood flow restriction, at rest or during exercise. The reliability of muscle oxygenation values obtained using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is studied to enable further investigations of haemodynamic responses. The results show excellent intra-session reliability but a lack of inter-session reliability. At rest, muscle oxygenation is significantly affected by partial and complete occlusions differently. However, no significant differences are observed between absolute and individualised supra-systolic pressures. During exercise, four weeks of high-intensity aerobic training with various BFR levels improve cycling performance in a maximal incremental test and submaximal efficiency, regardless of the training pressure used. The results of the present PhD manuscript provide research perspectives on the physiological processes involved in responses to local hypoxia and suggest applications of BFR in aerobic training to improve cardiovascular and respiratory parameters
L, Normandin Eve. "Étude des réponses physiologiques aiguës à l’exercice intermittent de haute intensité chez le patient insuffisant cardiaque." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5236.
Full textOptimization of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) has never been studied. We have compared the acute cardiopulmonary responses to four different HIIE in order to optimized HIIE protocol in CHF patients. Patients with CHF were randomized to 4 HIIE sessions, all with exercise phases at 100% of maximal aerobic power (MAP), but which varied in interval duration (30s or 90s) and type of recovery (passive or active). Each HIIE protocol lasted until exhaustion or up to 30 minutes. When considering total exercise time, exercise adherence, lower perceived exertion ratings, patient’s comfort and similar time spent at a high percentage of VO2peak, the mode with short intervals (30s) and passive recovery appeared to be the optimal HIIE mode for these patients. We therefore sought to compare the acute cardiopulmonary responses of a moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) compared to an optimized HIIE of equal total energy expenditure in patients with CHF. The purpose of this study was to compare cardiopulmonary responses, exercise adherence, perceived exertion, inflammation and cardiac biomarkers measured on optimized HIIE compared to MICE in patients with CHF. Compared to MICE, HIIE showed a higher exercise adherence, was more efficient and well tolerated by CHF patients while still providing a high physiological stimulus. HIIE did not induced significant arrhythmias or deleterious effects on inflammation (CRP), BNP and myocardial necrosis (C-TnT) in patients with CHF. We conclude that HIIE is a promising training mode that should be considered for cardiac rehabilitation interventions in patient with CHF.
Guiraud, Thibaut. "Étude de la réponse aiguë à l'exercice intermittent à haute intensité chez le patient coronarien." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8854.
Full textHigh-intensity interval training has been shown to be more effective than moderate intensity continuous training for improving maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and metabolic profile in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). However, no evidence supports the prescription of one specific protocol of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) in this population. We have compared the acute cardiopulmonary responses to four different sessions of HIIE in order to identify the most optimal one in CHD patients. In random fashion, subjects performed the different HIIE sessions, all with exercise phases at 100% of maximal aerobic power (MAP), but which varied in interval duration (15 s or 60 s) and type of recovery (0% of MAP or 50% of MAP). Each protocol lasted 35 minutes or until exhaustion. When considering perceived exertion, patient comfort and time spent above 80% of VO2max, we found that repeated bouts of 15s at 100% of MAP interspersed by 15s phases of passive recovery was the optimal HIIE session for these coronary patients. Then, we compared the physiological responses to the optimized HIIE versus a moderate intensity continuous training (MICE) protocol of similar energy expenditure in coronary patients. When considering physiological responses, safety (no elevation of Troponin T) and perceived exertion, the HIIE protocol appeared to be well tolerated and more efficient in this group of stable coronary patients. Finally, a single bout of HIIE did not induce deleterious effects on the endothelium, as demonstrated by endothelial microparticules analyses. We conclude that high-intensity interval exercise is a promising mode of training for patients with stable CHD that should also be further investigated in cardiac patients, particularly with exercise-induced ischemia.