Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Exercice physique – Adolescent'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 20 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Exercice physique – Adolescent.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Morcel, Jules. "Identification de paramètres nutritionnels, d’activité physique et de condition physique à l’adolescence impactant le risque cardiovasculaire à l’âge adulte." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2023/2023ULILS069.pdf.
Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the world's leading cause of death and is mostly caused by the formation of atherogenic plaques. These plaques appear during adolescence, and their growth depends on numerous risk factors, both non-modifiable (age, gender) and modifiable (lipid profile, blood pressure, glycemia, smoking, body mass index). Nutrition, physical activity and fitness are complex elements that have been shown to have a significant impact on modifiable risk factors in mostly cross-sectional studies.Material & Methods: The aim of this study is to identify, in a longitudinal way, parameters of nutrition, physical activity and physical fitness in adolescence that have an impact on adult cardiovascular risk. These analyses are based on data from the HELENA and BELINDA studies. The HELENA study (2006 - 2007) included 3528 adolescents aged from 12.5 to 17.5 years in 10 European countries, and collected extensive nutritional, physical activity, fitness, anthropometric and biological data. The BELINDA study (2016 - 2020) is a nested cohort that repeated the same analyses, a decade later, in 232 subjects from 4 centers (Ghent, Lille, Roma and Zaragoza). Parameters of interest were identified based on bibliographic resources and data available from these two cohorts. Their impact on cardiovascular risk was assessed by a multivariate statistical analysis. Cardiovascular risk was assessed according to modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and the PDAY (Pathobiological Determinants for Atherosclerosis in Youth) cardiovascular risk score. The parameters identified as most relevant for their potential to predict cardiovascular risk will be the target of more specific studies.Results: The literature analysis identified 13 parameters of interest, including 8 for nutrition, 2 for physical activity and 3 for fitness. Adherence to the diet quality index, planetary health diet index, dietary knowledge and cardiorespiratory fitness were the parameters identified as cardioprotective, in contrary to consumption of ultra-processed foods and upper body muscular strength. An extensive analysis of dietary knowledge highlighted its beneficial long-term impact on adults' blood pressure and dietary behaviour.Discussion: The diet quality index, the planetary health diet index, dietary knowledge, consumption of ultra-processed foods, cardiorespiratory fitness and upper body muscular strength in adolescence have all been shown to have a significant impact on cardiovascular risk in adulthood. Early approaches using these tools therefore seem relevant for identifying clusters of populations at-risk and preventing cardiovascular risk from an early age
Brunet, Jennifer. "Social physique anxiety and physical activity among adolescents : a self-determination theory perspective." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112327.
Luiggi, Maxime. "Etude épidémiologique des activités sportives : évolution de la participation des adolescents et détection des sous-groupes à risque de blessure : approche locale et culturelle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0401/document.
Participation in physical and sports activities ‘PSA’ is a health factor. Sport is a form of physical activity ‘PA’ that helps to reach the recommended amount of PA per day. PSA promotions plans are launched by European states. However, sport participation also involves significant risks. Some sports injuries provoke long-term health negative outcomes. Promotion of sport participation faces a paradox. As a mean of healthy state, it implies some risks linked to the modalities of participation. To know the extent of these effects, epidemiological studies are needed. They help to determine adolescents’ subgroups that play sports, and among them, those at greater risk of injury. In France, previous studies are representative of the national population. However, no study estimated sport participation and injury risks factors while focusing on adolescent. Moreover, international findings showed that variation of results exists as function of the life environment of participants. We performed epidemiological retrospectives studies among the adolescent population of a specific French locality: the Bouches-du-Rhône. This one is characterized by a high-level of poverty and inequalities. We made the hypothesis, that results differ compared to those obtained at the national level. In addition of objectives measures of participation and injuries, we asked adolescents about the experiences that they like to live in their favorite sport. This knowledge could be useful to the development of promotion initiatives that are adapted to the tastes of this population. (resume no complete)
Gauthier, Josiane. "Effets d’un programme d’entrainement physique chez l’enfant présentant des troubles respiratoires du sommeil." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10512.
Vachon, Véronique. "L'activité physique chez les adolescents : le rôle du contexte social, des aspirations et des ressources motivationnelles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26505/26505.pdf.
Aibar, Solana Alberto. "Etude transculturelle de l'activité physique et de l'activité sédentaire des adolescents dans deux villes de l'axe pyrénéen franco-espagnol : analyse descriptive et facteurs prédictifs." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU1007/document.
Physical activity (PA) and its factors of influence constitute important elements of study. The main objectives of this research are a) to describe the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels and sedentary activity levels of a sample of adolescents from cities of Tarbes (France) and Huesca (Spain), and b) to analyse the influence of several environmental, social, and psychological factors on their PA levels. A total of 828 adolescents (14.32±.73 years), of which 50.5% were Spaniards, took part in the project. This dissertation is made up of six studies. Results showed that MVPA levels are higher in Spain (~ 60 minutes) than in France (~ 47 minutes). These differences were found at almost any given time of the week, except during school time. Results also showed that the practice of several sedentary behaviours (SB) seems excessive, both in Spain and France (more than two hours per day of screen time). Considering factors of influence, it can be said that warmer temperatures, lower levels of rainfall and the use of active transport all promote higher MVPA levels in both countries. It is also shown how more self-determined motivation, higher levels of basic psychological needs satisfaction (except the perception of autonomy) and greater support from the father lead to higher MVPA levels. Programmes to promote PA need to be implemented
Roche, Johanna. "Le sommeil, ses troubles et la santé cardio-métabolique d'adolescents obèses : effets d'une prise en charge associant exercice physique et modification des habitudes alimentaires." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCE010.
Sleep, through its restorative functions, is essential for life. However, lifestyle modifications, sedentary and unhealthy feeding behaviors trigger sleep curtailment and sleep disruption, leading together to weight gain. Obesity is usually associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and these two diseases both induce metabolic dysfunctions and low-grade systemic inflammation. To the best of our knowledge, no study has assessed the effects of exercise reconditioning and modified food habits on these parameters. The purpose of this work was to assess and compare, from an ancillary study, polysomnographic variables between obese adolescents and normal-weight (NW) controls. In the main study, the effects of a 9-month program (exercise reconditioning, adapted physical activities and modified food habits) on sleep architecture, sleep duration, OSA, biological factors (inflammatory, hormonal, carbohydrates and lipid profiles) and physiological adaptations at exercise were assessed, in order to a better understanding of the roles of cardiorespiratory fitness and sleep disorders on cardio-metabolic health. Thirty-two obese adolescents (age: 14.6 years, BMI z-score: 4.7) were recruited. Every parameters were assessed at admission and post-intervention. Short sleep duration and a high prevalence of OSA (58%) were observed at admission in obese adolescents despite a satisfying sleep architecture, compared with NW controls. Post-intervention, weight loss (11kg) and improved parameters of physiological adaptations at exercise (MAP, VE, VO2peak) were found in every subject and OSA was normalized in 46% of them. Sleep quantity and sleep quality were improved. Decreased C-reactive protein (6.78 vs 10.98 mg/l) and leptin concentrations, and increased adiponectin levels were found, and cardio-metabolic risk (CMR) was decreased. At admission, obesity explains by itself the systemic inflammation whereas the decrease in inflammation, post-intervention, is explained by enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness related to fat-free mass, after controlling for sex, weight loss, change in sleep duration and OSA. Prevention of OSA and metabolic dysfunctions by chronic exercise should be an integral part of the obesity management in youths in order to decrease the risk of cardiovascular morbi-mortality in adulthood
Miguet, Maud. "Adaptations nutritionnelles à l'activité physique chez l'adolescent en situation d'obésité : implication du système cognitif." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC064.
A large body of evidence supports the beneficial effects of exercise, favoring physiological, psychological and social improvements. Recent studies also suggest that exercise may be implicated in the control of appetite and energy intake, which remains to be further explored. These compensatory mechanisms, occurring after exercise, could be responsible for a limited weight loss achievement. Understanding the relation between exercises and eating behavior is a main priority. In this context, the purpose of this work was to explore the nutritional responses to physical activity in adolescents with obesity. In particular, we questioned the mechanisms that can explain the interactions between exercise and food intake. Different exercise modalities have been questioned and the physiological and neurocognitive pathways involved in the post-exercise regulation of energy intake were explored during and in response to multidisciplinary weight loss programs. During the first months of weight loss achievement, results indicate increase in compensatory mechanisms leading to higher appetite sensations, food reward and ad libitum energy intake. This phase of "weight loss resistance" was higher in adolescents with high level of cognitive restriction. Finally, the extension of the weight loss program results in a phase of stabilization and improvement of the control of energy intake. During this second phase, sensations of appetite, food reward, emotional and external eating as well as ad libitum energy intake decreased. In conclusion, physical activity appears to favor the reconnection between the hedonic system and the homeostatic system control of food intake
Olachnovitch, Vonya. "The transtheoretical model of behavior change and social physique anxiety among middle school physical education students." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1217389.
School of Physical Education
Manneville, Florian. "Comportement alimentaire, activité physique, sédentarité et inégalités sociales de santé à l’adolescence." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0128.
Background: During adolescence, the higher the socio-economic status (SES), the better the health status is and reflects the existence of social inequalities in health. These inequalities could be explained by the unequal distribution of lifestyles such as physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and dietary behaviour (DB) according to adolescents’ SES. The associations between lifestyles and social inequalities in health are unclear among adolescents. Objectives: This thesis aimed to analyze the associations between lifestyles and social inequalities in health during adolescence through three objectives: 1) to describe lifestyles and their distribution according to adolescents’ SES, 2) to evaluate the effectiveness of a public health intervention on the reduction of social inequalities in health among adolescents, and 3) to measure and quantify the mediating effects of lifestyles on social inequalities in health among adolescents. Methods: To address these objectives, data from two trials aimed at preventing overweight and obesity among adolescents were used: PRALIMAP (PRomotion de l’ALImentation et de l’Activité Physique) and PRALIMAP-INES (PRALIMAP-INEgalités de Santé). PA, SB were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and DB using a food frequency questionnaire. SES was defined using the Social Position Index of Students and the Family Affluence Scale. Statistical analyses included linear, mixed and logistic regression models and an analysis of latent transitions. Results: Low SES adolescents had lower levels of PA and less adapted DB than high SES ones. Overall, DB was not associated with adolescents’ SES. Social inequalities in weight and quality of life were highlighted. There was no evidence that a universal intervention could reduce social inequalities in weight. Mediating effects of behaviours in the association between SES and health status were suggested. Conclusions: These results underline the importance of taking SES into account in order to reduce social inequalities in health among adolescents. Behaviours appear to be important levers to reduce social inequalities in health
Blonc, Stéphen. "Effet de l'altitude et du statut socio-économique sur les aptitudes physiques de la fille prépubère." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF1MM13.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of high altitude and low socio-economic status on aerobic and anaerobic power in 11 year old Bolivian girls. At both high (HA : 3,600 m) and low (LA : 420 m) altitudes, low socio-economic status (LSES) groups of girls (HA2, n=34 ; LA2, n=31) were compared to girls of high socio-economic status (HSES : HA1, n=27 ; LA1, n=32). At low altitude, LA2 girls were compared to a younger group of girls from HSES, 8-9 years of age (LA3, n=27) presenting the same anthropometric data in order to evaluate the impact of the biometric factors on performances. Anthropometric characteristics, biochemical and hematological data were collected to assess nutritional status. Direct maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and maximal anaerobic power during a force-velocity test (Pmax) and a 30-s Wingate test (PWing) were measured. Results show that 1) anthropometric data were similar between HA1 vs LA1 and HA2 vs LA2 but girls from LSES at both altitudes showed a 15 month growing delay and were classified as marginally malnourished in line with other nutritional indices ; 2) VO2max (1. Min-1) was significantly lower for LSES girls at both altitudes. Values were not different when expressed relative to body weight at HA (HA1=37. 6±6. 1 vs HA2=39. 3±5. 5 ml. Min-1. KgBW-1) but the difference persists at LA (LA1=37. 5±5. 5 vs LA2=34. 7±3. 9 ml. Min-1. KgBW-1) ; 3) Pmax and PWing were significantly reduced for LSES girls at both altitudes whatever the mode of expression (HA1=6. 9±1. 2, HA2=5. 0±0. 9, LA1=6. 4±1. 3, LA2=4. 6±0. 9 W. KgBW-1 for Pmax ; HA1=5. 1±1. 0, HA2=3. 9±0. 9, LA1=4. 6±1. 0, LA2=3. 5±0. 7 W. KgBW-1 for PWing). For a same SES, absolute anaerobic performances were not altered by altitude, however they were lowered at LA in relative terms. In spite of the same anthropometric data, LA2 girls still presented lower anaerobic performances than the LA3 girls. To conclude, in Bolivian girls, LSES which causes a marginal state of malnutrition : 1) decreases absolutemaximum oxygen uptake at both altitude but did not change VO2max expressed in relative terms at HA ; 2) decreases the power in short-term maximal exercises linked both to biometric and qualitative factors whatever the altitude. Tropical and sociocultural environment could be responsible for higher differences between SES girls and lower performances at LA
Gouthon, Polycarpe. "Entraînement et capacité aérobie dans une stratégie de prévention des risques cardiovasculaires chez des adolescents béninois." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR28950.
The present study examines the effect of training on aerobic capacity and physiological factors associated with cardiovascular risk in Beninese youngsters aged 13 to 18 years. The population consisted of 359 adolescents of both sexes living in Porto-Novo. The data made it possible : 1) to establish a set of norms regarding maximal aerobic power (MAP) and aerobic endurance assessed by the time limit of maintaining maximal aerobic speed (tlim100) ; 2) to demonstrate the factors of aerobic capacity and several physiological factors associated with cardiovascular risk ; 3) to assess the effects on aerobic capacity of school physical education with three training modes over 12 weeks with one or two sessions per week. - Evolution of aerobic capacity in relation to age had the same tendancies as noted in other countries, but the values differed from those observed in Canada, Belgium and France regarding tlim100 (369s to 493s in Beninese boys versus 316 s to 379 s in French ones). - The contribution of biometric and cardiovascular factors in predicting shuttle VO2max was significant (R2 = 0. 54, p < 0. 05) while lipidic factors were not. - Training at inframaximal intensities ( < 95 % Fcmax) is slightly less efficient than intensive training (85 % - 120 % MAS) for improving MAP (4. 7 % versus 6. 8 %), but it is more appropriate for preventing cardiovascular risk in youngsters, since it reduced body fat, heart rate at rest, the blood pressure gradient during exercise (b = 0. 39 versus b = 0. 36 at test and retest) and electrocardiographic abnormalities. These data confirm the influence of environmental factors as being thermal stressors influencing the expression of aerobic capacity, and the specificity of the effects of training
Fazah, Abdallah. "Physical activity and obesity in Lebanese adolescents : prevalences, measurements and associations." Phd thesis, Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00596383/fr/.
Obesity is a pathological excess of body fat. An environment with boundless food availability, and an increasingly sedentary lifestyle coupled with less chances for PA creates the perfect setting for obesity. Previous studies in Lebanon show that prevalence of obesity in adults is significant. Suggested causes include low physical activity, inactive lifestyle, and nutritional intake. However, in adolescents, research shows that prevalence is low among girls as compared to boys, and as compared to girls in other countries. The first aim was to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Lebanese adolescents and to examine correlates of physical activity, inactivity, and quality of life with BMI status. The second aim was to determine the relation between Body Mass Index and percent body fat among girls and to investigate the effect of physical activity on this relation. The work in this thesis was conducted across two phases. In phase one, 1000 participated. They completed a self-report questionnaire made up of several sections. Data from this phase was used in study 1. In phase two, 65 adolescent girls were recruited. Body weight and height were measured by standard anthropometric procedures. DXA whole body scans were performed and subjects completed a physical activity questionnaire. Data from this phase was used in study 2 and 3. In Study one, based on international BMI cut off points, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is 22. 5% and 7. 8% in boys respectively, and 12. 47% and 1. 78% in girls respectively. Boys are more active than girls. Obesity in adolescence impairs quality of life and is more pronounced in girls. Study two shows that girls demonstrate a higher body fat for a given BMI, based on this, the current prevalence of overweight and obesity is underestimated. Finally, study three suggests that by adding a simple validated self report questionnaire for physical activity, it may be possible to improve the relation between BMI and %BF
Botcazou, Maïtel. "Influence du genre et de la maturation sur la réponse sympato-adrénergique de l'adolescent à l'exercice et à l'entraînement de sprint." Rennes 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN20009.
It is well known that catecholamine (adrenaline and noradrenaline) plays a major role in the mobilisation and utilisation of energetic substrates during sprint exercise. Many factors, as gender, training and age are able to modify catecholamine responses to exercise. However, the effects of these factors on catecholamine responses to sprint exercise should be examined. Our objective was to verify the influence of gender, advance in age and sprint training on sympatho-adrenergic responses in adolescents. Our results demonstrate that : 1 gender can alter sympatho-adrenergic responses to exercise in adult only but the menstrual cycle phase don't modify this response in women, 2 the advance in age influence catecholamine responses to exercise, differently according to sex, 3 sprint training may enhance catecholamine responses to sprint exercise in adolescent girls only. These data suggest that advance in age and sprint training can influence sympatho-adrenergic responses to sprint exercise in adolescents
El, Khoury Georges. "Influences des niveaux d’activité physique et de performance physique sur la densité minérale osseuse, la géométrie osseuse de la hanche et le score de l'os trabéculaire chez de jeunes hommes en surpoids et obèses." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20021/document.
The aim of this thesis was to explore the influence of physical activity level and physical performance on bone mineral density, hip geometry and trabecular bone score in young overweight and obese men. Three main studies have been conducted. The first study has shown that physical activity practice has a positive effect on BMC, BMD and femoral neck crosssectional area in overweight men. The second study has shown that physical activity level positively affects bone variables in overweight/obese men and that increasing lean mass, VO2 max (L/min) and muscular strength of the lower limbs can help to prevent osteoporosis in overweight and obese men. Finally, the last study, was the first to show positive associations between maximal oxygen consumption (milliliter per minute per kilogram) and composite indices of FN strength (CSI, BSI and ISI) in young overweight and obese men and therefore suggested that enhancing VO2 max in overweight and obese men may help to reduce osteoporotic fractures. These different results suggest a significant osteogenic adaptation in young overweight and obese men in response to physical training
Chaplais, Elodie. "Etude ADIBOX : adiposité et métabolisme osseux : effets de la perte de poids induite par l'exercice chez les adolescents obèses." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC105/document.
Introduction: This program of research targeted the impact of an 8-month weight loss intervention induced by physical activity and nutrition on bone health in adolescents with obesity. The overall aim of this thesis was to examine the impact of a lifestyle weight loss intervention on the bone parameters in adolescents with obesity. Method: Sixty-five adolescents were recruited: 31 (6 males) adolescents with obesity in the weight loss intervention (age: 13.61 (1.27)), 23 normal weight (NW) adolescents (age: 15.90 (0.43)) and 11 (4 males) adolescents with obesity in another control group (14.02 (1.39)). Primary outcomes targeted bone densitometry (whole body, spine, hip DXA). Secondary outcomes included body composition, bone geometry and strength (hip structural analysis) and bone biomarkers (procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), C telopeptide (CTx) estradiol, leptin). Data were collected at baseline, 4 months and 8 months. Data were adjusted for body weight, fat mass and lean mass changes.Results: Compared with the NW controls, adolescents with obesity displayed lower unadjusted and adjusted bone density. Following successful weight loss (~ -11%) adolescents with obesity increased whole body (%Ob ∆ 3.22 (3.58) p<0.001) and lumbar spine (%Ob ∆ 6.27 (12.45) p=0.014) BMD. However, values remain lower than their NW peers after adjustment to body weight changes. After the weight loss intervention, compromised estimates of fracture risk remained especially at the narrow neck (buckling ratio (BR) 8.25 (2.00) p=0.005), despite positive adaptations of some geometric properties (i.e. NN CSA, NN Z). Also, bone accretion changes in adolescents with obesity followed an androgen-like adaptation demonstrated by periosteal expansion (% NW ∆ 0.69 (3.71); Ob ∆ 1.67 (9.11)) and endocortical resorption (% NW ∆ -2.11 (11.79); Ob ∆ 4.42 (10.56)). Among the intervention group, differences in bone markers favoured formation during the first 4 months and favoured resorption in the remaining months.Conclusion: Bone fragility in adolescents with obesity was demonstrated by (1) baseline and post intervention lower whole body and regional BMD than NW controls, (2) post-intervention higher fracture risk index at the narrow neck, (3) bone biomarkers showing reduced z-scores, uncoupling indices and qualitative representations of the distribution of bone remodeling. Future investigations of links between bone and obesity during adolescence can be well informed by the results of this thesis
Couture, Étienne. "Analyse de l'influence du type d'activité physique pratiqué pendant la jeunesse sur le développement de l'efficacité personnelle et la pratique future d'activités physiques /." 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=766706361&sid=41&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Albert, Marie-Hélène. "Positionnement optimal de l'activité physique pour profiter de l'effet anorexigène." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10765.
Energy balance (energy expenditure and energy intake) is the central of body weight control. Interestingly, physical activity can suppress appetite and energy intake, a phenomenon also called exercise-induced anorexia. However, orexigenic hormone, which decrease appetite, decreases during exercise to rapidly increase following the effort. Until now, no study has examined the optimal timing of physical activity to maximize this anorexigenic effect and this was the goal of the present thesis. Concretely, this project aimed to determine if energy intake is reduced when exercise immediately precedes the meal compared to a condition in which a pause is present between the exercise and the meal. To do so, twelve non-obese boys (15-20 years old) took part in the study. Each subject was individually evaluated performing the two following tasks in a randomized order: 1) Ex=30-minute exercise bout (70% VO2max) followed immediately by an ad libitum buffet at noon; 2) Expause=30-minute exercise bout (70% VO2max) followed by a 135-minute waiting period and an ad libitum buffet at noon. The visits were preceded by a standardized breakfast and completed with an ad libitum snack in the afternoon and a buffet-type dinner. While results shown that hunger was similar at all times, energy intake at lunch was lower for the Ex condition than for the Expause condition (5,072 vs. 5,718 kJ; p<0.05). No significant difference was noted for the afternoon snack and dinner. Interestingly, caloric intake of fat was lower at lunch, with 1,604 kJ for the Ex condition versus 2,085 kJ for the Ex pause condition (p<0.05). This study is the first to investigate the effect of the timing of physical activity on energy intake, and it reveals that being physically active right before a meal does play a role in energy intake reduction independently of pre-meal appetite sensations. Also, the absence of compensation during the rest of the day suggests that a negative energy balance, including a reduction in lipid consumption, could be more easily obtained by positioning physical activity before a meal.
Lemay, Valérie. "L'activité physique : une stratégie pour contrebalancer l'effet hyperphagiant du travail mental." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8767.
Introduction: Although energy expenditure during knowledge-based work is not higher than energy expenditure at rest, recent literature suggests that a stressful mental task is related to an increase in energy intake. It is suggested that mental work produces physiological changes, thereby influencing energy intake. Because physical activity can influence hunger, the aim of the study was to determine if the introduction of an active pause could counteract the negative effects of mental work on food intake and energy balance in a population of adolescent males. Method: Twelve male students of normal weight between 14 and 20 years old were evaluated at UHC Sainte-Justine. All subjects participated in three different sessions in a randomized order: a) NOpausevisit = relaxation/mental work/meal; b) RELpausevisit = mental work/relaxation/meal; and c) PApausevisit = mental work/physical activity/meal. The effect of introducing an active pause on energy intake and energy balance (kilojoules eaten – kilojoules expended during the tasks) was studied by comparing visits with paired t-tests (level of significance: p<0.05). The same analyses were performed to determine differences in appetite sensations. Results: The introduction of an active pause did not influence energy intake, even though higher appetite-related sensations were observed. Taking into account energy expenditure related to physical activity, a lower energy balance was measured for the PApausevisit compared to the NOpausevisit. Conclusion: This study is the first to confirm that being active between mental work and a meal represents a good strategy to counteract the hyperphagic effect of knowledge-based work via mainly an increased energy expenditure and a maintenance of energy intake. Globally, these results could help individuals attain and/or maintain a healthy body weight in a context where knowledge-based work is omnipresent.
Michaud, Isabelle. "Profil d’activité physique des enfants et adolescents diabétiques de type 1." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14111.