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Journal articles on the topic 'Excited state chemistry'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Fan, Jianwei, Roy Helmy, Abe Kassis, Amanda Grunseich, Peter Mangubat, Charles Hicks, Nathan Stevens, and Harry D. Gafney. "Excited-State Acid−Base Chemistry: Evidence for a Dissociative Excited State." Inorganic Chemistry 42, no. 8 (April 2003): 2486–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic030055c.

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2

Nocera, Daniel G. "Chemistry of the Multielectron Excited State." Accounts of Chemical Research 28, no. 5 (May 1995): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar00053a002.

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3

Marston, George. "The excited state in atmospheric chemistry." Chemical Society Reviews 25, no. 1 (1996): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/cs9962500033.

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4

Leupold, D., J. Ehlert, S. Oberländer, E. Klose, S. Mory, and G. Winkelmann. "Nonlinear Laser Chemistry of Maleic Acid." Laser Chemistry 10, no. 2 (January 1, 1989): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1989/27095.

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With reference to recent laser investigations of excited state reactions of maleic acid in Letokhov’s group, relevant excited state constants were determined by means of a physico-mathematical methods package of nonlinear absorption and the excited state populations were calculated for the experimental conditions. Based on this, a change of the assignment of the found reactions to excited states is suggested in the following manner: dimerization in T1 and maleic acid formation in a higher excited triplet.

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5

Saracini, Claudio, Shunichi Fukuzumi, Yong-Min Lee, and Wonwoo Nam. "Photoexcited state chemistry of metal–oxygen complexes." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 45 (2018): 16019–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt03604g.

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6

Zambrana, José L., Elena X. Ferloni, and Harry D. Gafney. "Excited-State Coordination Chemistry: Excited-State Basicity of Bis(2,2′-bipyridyl)(2,3-dipyridylpyrazine)ruthenium(II)." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 113, no. 48 (December 3, 2009): 13457–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp903521p.

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7

Lee, Hyun Seok, Yun Jeong Na, Chul Hoon Kim, and Jae Yoon Shin. "Multifaceted Excited State Dynamics of Coumarin Dyes Anchored on Al2O3 Film." Molecules 28, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010111.

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The co-facially stacked dyes on semiconductor films serve as an alternative model to elucidate the photo-driven exciton dynamics occurring in a molecular assembly. In this study, we report the unique emission properties of coumarin dye adsorbed on the surface of the semiconductor film, measured by ultrafast time-resolved fluorescence. When a rigid coumarin derivative, 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid (OHCCA), is anchored on the Al2O3 film, the dye manifests dual emissions from the two lowest excited states. Various anchoring modes of a carboxylic acid group on the Al2O3 surface are invoked to account for the unusual emission process. Additionally, we identified characteristic transition dipole interactions in the well-stacked dye aggregates, which leads to discernible excitonic splitting in the electronic transitions. Femtosecond time-resolved fluorescence reveals that the excimer formation in the aggregate occurs with the time constant of 550 fs. Picosecond time-resolved emission spectra confirm the subsequent structural relaxations of the nascent excimer. The enhanced transition dipole via the electronic coupling between OHCCA and metal oxide can be responsible for the dual emission and the ultrafast excimer formation.

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8

Kim, M. H., L. Shen, H. Tao, T. J. Martinez, and A. G. Suits. "Conformationally Controlled Chemistry: Excited-State Dynamics Dictate Ground-State Reaction." Science 315, no. 5818 (March 16, 2007): 1561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1136453.

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9

Hicks, Charles, Guozhong Ye, Chaim Levi, Marlyn Gonzales, Irina Rutenburg, Jainwei Fan, Roy Helmy, Abe Kassis, and Harry D. Gafney. "Excited-state acid–base chemistry of coordination complexes." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 211, no. 1 (January 2001): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-8545(00)00279-4.

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10

Zinato, Edoardo, and Pietro Riccieri. "Pentacyanochromate(III) complexes: ground- and excited-state chemistry." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 211, no. 1 (January 2001): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-8545(00)00290-3.

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11

Serrano-Andrés, Luis, and Manuela Merchán. "Quantum chemistry of the excited state: 2005 overview." Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM 729, no. 1-2 (September 2005): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theochem.2005.03.020.

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12

Dougherty, Thomas, Charles Hicks, Anthony Maletta, Jianwei Fan, Irina Rutenberg, and Harry D. Gafney. "Excited-State Coordination Chemistry: A New Quenching Mechanism." Journal of the American Chemical Society 120, no. 17 (May 1998): 4226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja9724396.

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13

MARSTON, G. "ChemInform Abstract: The Excited State in Atmospheric Chemistry." ChemInform 27, no. 44 (August 4, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199644289.

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14

Aster, Alexander, Giuseppe Licari, Francesco Zinna, Elodie Brun, Tatu Kumpulainen, Emad Tajkhorshid, Jérôme Lacour, and Eric Vauthey. "Tuning symmetry breaking charge separation in perylene bichromophores by conformational control." Chemical Science 10, no. 45 (2019): 10629–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sc03913a.

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15

Uchida, Kazuyuki, Takashi Kubo, Daiki Yamanaka, Akihiro Furube, Hiroyuki Matsuzaki, Ritsuki Nishii, Yusuke Sakagami, Aizitiaili Abulikemu, and Kenji Kamada. "Synthesis, crystal structure, and photophysical properties of 2,9-disubstituted peropyrene derivatives." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 95, no. 4 (April 2017): 432–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2016-0569.

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Peropyrene is a promising candidate molecule for use in organic solar cells based on singlet fission, because it fulfills the energy matching requirement for singlet fission. We prepare three 2,9-disubstitued peropyrene derivatives and investigate their crystal structures, photophysical properties, and singlet fission phenomenon. Although each derivative shows different molecular overlap motifs in solid state, no singlet fission occurs under normal exciton density conditions due to the substantial stabilization of the first excited singlet (S1) state. In contrast, under high exciton density conditions, singlet fission from highly excited singlet (Sn) states, which is generated by singlet–singlet exciton annihilation, takes place to produce a triplet exciton. We also investigate the reverse process of singlet fission, that is, triplet–triplet annihilation, of peropyrene in solution state to explore the possibility of photon upconversion.

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16

Thorne, J. R. G., S. T. Repinec, S. A. Abrash, J. M. Zeigler, and R. M. Hochstrasser. "Polysilane excited states and excited state dynamics." Chemical Physics 146, no. 3 (October 1990): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(90)80052-y.

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17

Hernández, Federico J., and Rachel Crespo-Otero. "Excited state mechanisms in crystalline carbazole: the role of aggregation and isomeric defects." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 35 (2021): 11882–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc02019f.

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The role of aggregation and isomeric impurities on the excited state mechanisms in crystalline carbazole are revisited considering exciton, Dexter energy transfer and electron transport based on Marcus and Marcus–Levich–Jortner theories.

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18

Usta, Hakan, Dilek Alimli, Resul Ozdemir, Emine Tekin, Fahri Alkan, Rifat Kacar, Ahu Galen Altas, et al. "A hybridized local and charge transfer excited state for solution-processed non-doped green electroluminescence based on oligo(p-phenyleneethynylene)." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 24 (2020): 8047–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc01266a.

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19

Hicks, Charles, Jianwei Fan, Irina Rutenberg, and Harry D. Gafney. "Excited state acid-base chemistry a new quenching mechanism." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 171 (April 1998): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-8545(98)90013-3.

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20

Göller, Andreas H., Dietmar Strehlow, and Gudrun Hermann. "The Excited-State Chemistry of Phycocyanobilin: A Semiempirical Study." ChemPhysChem 6, no. 7 (July 11, 2005): 1259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.200400667.

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21

Wan, Qing, Bin Zhang, Yao Ma, Zhiming Wang, Tian Zhang, and Ben Zhong Tang. "Delicate modulation of triplet energy levels for activating “hot excitons” channels in deep red AIEgens." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 40 (2020): 14146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc03813j.

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22

Cash, Michael T., Peter R. Schreiner, and Robert S. Phillips. "Excited state tautomerization of azaindole." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 3, no. 20 (2005): 3701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b506652b.

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23

Dorando, Jonathan J., Johannes Hachmann, and Garnet Kin-Lic Chan. "Targeted excited state algorithms." Journal of Chemical Physics 127, no. 8 (August 28, 2007): 084109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2768360.

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24

Chow, Yuan L., and Xianen Cheng. "The dual pathway in photocycloaddition of 1,3-diketonatoboron difluorides: excimer reactions." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 1575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v91-232.

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The lowest singlet excited state of dibenzoylmethanatoboron difluoride DBMBF2, a model compound of the BF2 complexes of 1,3-diketones, reacted with various simple olefins to give regiospecific and stereospecific photocycloadducts of 1,5-diketones similar to those from the de Mayo type reaction. DBMBF2 in acetonitrile exhibited two discrete fluorescences at 398 and 416 nm for the monomer and at 522 nm for the excimer; they were both quenched, but in different proportions, by a simple olefin. An "oxygen test" showed that the excimer of DBMBF2 is formed irreversibly in acetonitrile. The quantum yields of the photocycloaddition were shown to be proportional not only to olefin concentrations but also to DBMBF2 concentrations. Kinetic analysis has established that the total quantum yield is the sum of those arising from the interactions of the singlet excited DBMBF2 and its excimer, respectively, with an olefin, i.e., the sum of the quantum yields of exciplex and triplex pathways. The contributions from the two pathways are determined by the type of olefins and the range of DBMBF2 concentrations. For endocyclic olefins, the triplex pathway is more important and the corresponding photocycloaddition becomes very efficient as soon as the excimer starts to form in [DBMBF2] > 0.001 M. For the monosubstituted olefins, on the contrary, the exciplex pathway is always more important than the triplex pathway; they react primarily from the singlet excited state of DBMBF2. Key words: singlet state photocycloaddition, irreversible excimer formation, excimer cycloaddition, triplex and exciplex reactions.

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25

Lukeman, Matthew, Misty-Dawn Burns, and Peter Wan. "Excited state intramolecular proton transfer in 1-hydroxypyrene." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 89, no. 3 (February 2011): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v11-010.

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1-Hydroxypyrene (1) shows unusual acid–base chemistry in its singlet excited state. Whereas most hydroxyarenes experience a marked enhancement in their acidity when excited, and rapidly deprotonate to give the corresponding phenolate anion, this is not an important pathway for 1, despite theoretical predictions that 1 should experience enhanced acidity as well. In this work, we demonstrate that 1 undergoes a competing excited state intramolecular proton transfer from the OH to carbon atoms at the 3, 6, and 8 positions of the pyrene ring to give quinone methide intermediates. When the reaction is carried out in D2O, reversion of these quinone methides to starting material results in replacement of the ring hydrogens with deuterium, providing a convenient handle to follow the reaction with NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The quantum yield for the reaction is 0.025 and appears to not be strongly dependent on the water content when aqueous acetonitrile solutions are used. 1-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)pyrene (19) was prepared and studied and shows similar reactivity to 1.

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26

Sneha, Mahima, Luke Lewis-Borrell, Darya Shchepanovska, Aditi Bhattacherjee, Jasper Tyler, and Andrew J. Orr-Ewing. "Solvent-dependent photochemical dynamics of a phenoxazine-based photoredox catalyst." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 234, no. 7-9 (August 27, 2020): 1475–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2020-1624.

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AbstractOrganic substitutes for ruthenium and iridium complexes are increasingly finding applications in chemical syntheses involving photoredox catalysis. However, the performance of these organic compounds as electron-transfer photocatalysts depends on their accessible photochemical pathways and excited state lifetimes. Here, the UV-induced dynamics of N-phenyl phenoxazine, chosen as a prototypical N-aryl phenoxazine organic photoredox catalyst, are explored in three solvents, N,N-dimethyl formamide, dichloromethane and toluene, using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. Quantum chemistry calculations reveal the locally excited or charge-transfer electronic character of the excited states, and are used to assign the transient electronic and vibrational bands observed. In toluene-d8, complete ground-state recovery is (31 ± 3) % by internal conversion (IC) from the photo-excited state (or from S1 after IC but before complete vibrational relaxation), (13 ± 2) % via direct decay from vibrationally relaxed S1 (most likely radiative decay, with an estimated radiative lifetime of 13 ns) and (56 ± 3) % via the T1 state (with intersystem crossing (ISC) rate coefficient kISC = (3.3 ± 0.2) × 108 s−1). In dichloromethane, we find evidence for excited state N-phenyl phenoxazine reaction with the solvent. Excited state lifetimes, ISC rates, and ground-state recovery show only modest variation with changes to the solvent environment because of the locally excited character of the S1 and T1 states.

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27

Armaroli, Nicola. "Electronic Excited-State Engineering." ChemPhysChem 9, no. 3 (February 22, 2008): 371–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.200700794.

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28

Dhbaibi, Kais, Ludovic Favereau, Monika Srebro-Hooper, Cassandre Quinton, Nicolas Vanthuyne, Lorenzo Arrico, Thierry Roisnel, et al. "Modulation of circularly polarized luminescence through excited-state symmetry breaking and interbranched exciton coupling in helical push–pull organic systems." Chemical Science 11, no. 2 (2020): 567–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sc05231c.

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29

Zou, Xianshao, Guanzhao Wen, Rong Hu, Geng Dong, Chengyun Zhang, Wei Zhang, Hao Huang, and Wei Dang. "An Insight into the Excitation States of Small Molecular Semiconductor Y6." Molecules 25, no. 18 (September 9, 2020): 4118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184118.

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Y6 is a new type of non-fullerene acceptor, which has led to power conversion efficiencies of single-junction polymer solar cells over 17% when combined with a careful choice of polymeric donors. However, the excited state characteristics of Y6, which is closely correlated with its opto-electronic applications, are not clear yet. In this work, we studied the excited state properties of the Y6 solution and Y6 film, by using steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopies as well as time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence simulation, natural transition orbitals (NTOs) and hole-electron distribution analysis of Y6 solution were performed for understanding the excitation properties of Y6 by using TD-DFT calculations. The lifetimes of the lowest singlet excited state in Y6 solution and film were estimated to be 0.98 and 0.8 ns, respectively. Combining the exciton lifetime and photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield, the intrinsic radiative decay lifetimes of Y6 in the solution and film were estimated, which were 1.3 and 10.5 ns for the Y6 solution and film, respectively. Long exciton lifetime (~0.8 ns) and intrinsic radiative decay lifetime (~10.5 ns) of Y6 film enable Y6 to be a good acceptor material for the application of polymer solar cells.

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30

Gao, Yu, Haichao Liu, Shitong Zhang, Qiang Gu, Yue Shen, Yunpeng Ge, and Bing Yang. "Excimer formation and evolution of excited state properties in discrete dimeric stacking of an anthracene derivative: a computational investigation." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 17 (2018): 12129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp00834e.

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31

Kunkely, Horst, and Arnd Vogler. "Excited state properties of dinaphthyl ditelluride." Inorganica Chimica Acta 362, no. 1 (January 2009): 281–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2008.01.053.

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32

Jen, Myungsam, Sebok Lee, and Yoonsoo Pang. "Excited‐State Dynamics of All‐trans‐Retinal Investigated by Time‐resolved Electronic and Vibrational Spectroscopy^#." Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society 36, no. 3 (February 26, 2015): 900–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.10168.

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Time‐resolved electronic and vibrational spectroscopy has been applied to understand ultrafast excited state dynamics of all‐trans‐retinal. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy provides an overview of the excited‐state dynamics of all‐trans‐retinal, and femtosecond‐stimulated Raman and infrared absorption measurements, which have not been reported previously, provide further details of the structural changes in the excited states. Three singlet excited states and one triplet excited state have been identified from these experimental results, which are in good agreement with many previous reports. A change in the energy order of the singlet excited state of all‐trans‐retinal between in polar and nonpolar solvents abruptly modifies the excited state dynamics. The intersystem crossing to the T1 state from the S1 state (nπ*) almost disappears in polar solvents, whereas the fluorescence from S3 and S2 states (ππ*) is almost absent in nonpolar solvents.

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33

Yip, R. W., and Y.-X. Wen. "High-resolution amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) gain spectroscopy to study excited state complexation." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 2142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v91-309.

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Weakly bound excited state complexes involving 7-diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin have been studied by ASE gain spectroscopy to explore the applicability of the method for studying excited state complexation. Comparative steady state spectrofluorometric and ASE gain measurements showed that ASE gain measurements are capable of giving information on excited state complexation of the laser dye but with greater ease and frequency resolution. Key words: excited state complex, amplified spontaneous emission, laser gain, ASE gain spectroscopy

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34

Radovanovic, Marko, Marija Ristic, Matija Zlatar, Frank Heinemann, and Zoran Matovic. "New rhodium(III)-ED3AP complex: Crystal structure, characterization and computational chemistry." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, no. 00 (2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc211230003r.

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Only one (trans(O5)-Na[Rh(ED3AP)]?3H2O) of possible two isomers was synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray analysis, IR and UV?Vis spectroscopy. Computational analysis of both isomers was performed with three levels of theory (B3LYP/TZV, BP86/TZV, OPBE/TZV), which gave consistent results. The more stable isomer by total energy and ligand field stabilization energy (LFSE) was trans(O5) which appeared in synthesis. The calculation of excited state energies complied with UV?Vis spectra, especially with OPBE functional. The results of excited state energy pointed out the differences among isomers in means of a splitting pattern of 1T2g excited state term. Both isomers have a strongly delocalized structure, according to the natural bonding orbital (NBO) analysis. The trans(O5) geometry has the stabilization of the whole system for roughly 87 kJ/mol and makes this isomer as the only one present in the reaction mixture.

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35

RICHTER-ADDO, GEORGE B. "Interactions of nitric oxide and organic nitroso compounds with metalloporphyrins and heme." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 04, no. 04 (June 2000): 354–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1409(200006/07)4:4<354::aid-jpp240>3.0.co;2-v.

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The chemistry of nitric oxide (NO) has taken on new dimensions since the discovery, about a decade ago, of a myriad of biological events that NO participates in. Many of the foundations of metal-NO chemistry were laid out earlier by inorganic chemists and biochemists investigating the structures and electronic properties of the heme-NO moiety or its model compounds. Certainly, the persistent work over the last three decades by chemists working with metal nitrosyls has paid off. Current areas of research in heme-NO chemistry include (i) how the NO group approaches and binds to the metal center (or how it dissociates from the metal center); (ii) the ground state and excited state geometries of the metal-NOfragment; (iii) effects of the trans axial ligands on NO orientation and/or dissociation; and (iv) N-N bond formation from NO molecules catalyzed by heme groups.

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36

Parker, David, Rachel S. Dickins, Horst Puschmann, Clare Crossland, and Judith A. K. Howard. "Being Excited by Lanthanide Coordination Complexes: Aqua Species, Chirality, Excited-State Chemistry, and Exchange Dynamics." Chemical Reviews 102, no. 6 (June 2002): 1977–2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr010452+.

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37

Shea, Jacqueline A. R., and Eric Neuscamman. "Communication: A mean field platform for excited state quantum chemistry." Journal of Chemical Physics 149, no. 8 (August 28, 2018): 081101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5045056.

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38

Syage, Jack A. "Ultrafast Measurements of Chemistry in Clusters: Excited-State Proton Transfer." Journal of Physical Chemistry 99, no. 16 (April 1995): 5772–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100016a009.

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39

Zinato, Edoardo, and Pietro Riccieri. "ChemInform Abstract: Pentacyanochromate(III) Complexes: Ground- and Excited-State Chemistry." ChemInform 32, no. 14 (April 3, 2001): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200114266.

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40

Hicks, Charles, Guozhong Ye, Chaim Levi, Marlyn Gonzales, Irina Rutenburg, Jainwei Fan, Roy Helmy, Abe Kassis, and Harry D. Gafney. "ChemInform Abstract: Excited-State Acid-Base Chemistry of Coordination Complexes." ChemInform 32, no. 14 (April 3, 2001): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200114276.

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41

Zuo, Jialing, Liming Tan, Yi Xu, Yingchao Ma, Jia Dong, Peng Wang, and Jianping Zhang. "Excited State Properties of Fucoxanthin Aggregates." Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 35, no. 4 (June 27, 2019): 627–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40242-019-9097-2.

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42

Viaene, L., A. Ceulemans, and L. G. Vanquickenborne. "Excited-state spectroscopy of tetrachloroplatinate(II)." Inorganic Chemistry 24, no. 11 (May 1985): 1713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00205a024.

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43

Ross, Philip L., and Murray V. Johnston. "Excited State Photochemistry of Iodoalkanes." Journal of Physical Chemistry 99, no. 12 (March 1995): 4078–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100012a031.

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44

Odongo, Onduru S., Mary Jane Heeg, Yuan-Jang Chen, Puhui Xie, and John F. Endicott. "Effects of Excited State−Excited State Configurational Mixing on Emission Bandshape Variations in Ruthenium−Bipyridine Complexes." Inorganic Chemistry 47, no. 17 (September 2008): 7493–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic7024473.

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45

Zhang, Ying, Kai-Li Zhang, Jun Liu, Jun-Hao Wang, Yao-Qin Feng, Peng-Jun Deng, Xinxin Tian, Gaoyi Han, and Dan Li. "Enhanced emission under proton stimuli based on a phenanthroimidazole derivative by switching the excited state type from the CT to the LE state." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 32 (2021): 10226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc01928g.

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46

Thomas, K. George, Binil Itty Ipe, and P. K. Sudeep. "Photochemistry of chromophore-functionalized gold nanoparticles." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, no. 9 (January 1, 2002): 1731–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200274091731.

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It is generally believed that metal nanoparticles strongly quench the singlet-excited states of chromophores when attached to nanoparticle surfaces, through an energy-transfer mechanism, which limits their application in optoelectronic devices and photonic materials. Recent studies of fluorophore-linked metal nanoparticles reveal that there is a dramatic suppression in the quenching of the singlet-excited state of these molecules and they possess unusual photophysical properties. A summary of our work on the photophysical and excited-state properties of chromophore-functionalized gold nanoparticles is presented in this article. Pyrene-capped gold nanoparticles showed normal fluorescence in nonpolar solvents and an intermolecular excimer formation at higher loadings. The quenching of the emission, observed in pyrene-labeled gold nanoparticles in polar solvents, is attributed to the formation of pyrene radical cation through a photoinduced electron-transfer process. We have also functionalized gold nanoparticles using a thiol derivative of fullerene. The quenching of fluorescence and decreased yields of triplet-excited state, observed in these systems, are attributed to an energy-transfer process.

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47

Sasidharanpillai, Swaroop, Adam A. Friedman, and Glen R. Loppnow. "Initial excited-state structural dynamics of 2′-deoxyadenosine." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 97, no. 6 (June 2019): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2018-0409.

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Purine nucleobases (adenosine and guanosine) are prone to spontaneous breaking of the nucleosidic bond to form abasic sites in both DNA and RNA. However, the purines also undergo photochemical reactions, including oxidation and cycloaddition, to form damage sites, albeit at lower photochemical quantum yields than the pyrimidines. In this study, we use ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy to measure the initial excited-state structural dynamics in the nucleoside, 2′-deoxyadenosine. The resonance Raman-derived initial excited-state structural dynamics throughout the 260 nm La excited electronic state of adenine are found to be smaller in the nucleoside than in the previously reported 9-methyladenine nucleobase derivative, consistent with what is found for the pyrimidines thymine and uracil. Interestingly, resonance-enhanced vibrational modes in this electronic state also contain internal coordinates localized on the sugar, which may represent a different energy dissipation mechanism than in the pyrimidine nucleosides. The results will be discussed in terms of the initial excited-state photophysics and photochemistry of DNA and RNA.

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48

Sinha, Hemant K., Paul C. P. Thomson, and Keith Yates. "Excited state dipole moments and polarizabilities of some aromatic alkenes and alkynes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 68, no. 9 (September 1, 1990): 1507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v90-232.

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Electric field induced changes in the optical absorption spectra (electrochromism) have been used to obtain the excited state dipole moments and polarizabilities of styrene, 2-vinylnaphthalene, 2-naphthylacetylene, and 9-vinylanthracene. Excited state dipole moments of the order of 4–6 debye have been obtained for all these molecules except for 9-vinylanthracene, for which the excited state dipole moment is zero within experimental error. These results support earlier proposals of the involvement of charge transfer excited states in the fast and efficient acid-catalysed photohydration reactions of this type of substrate. 9-Vinylanthracene, on the other hand, under similar conditions reacts differently to give a dimer as the major photoproduct, and its reaction is not subject to acid catalysis. These results shed light on the importance of charge transfer excited states on the efficiency of photohydration reactions. Keywords: electrochromism, excited state, dipole moments, polarizabilities.

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49

Waters, Max D. J., Anders B. Skov, Martin A. B. Larsen, Christian M. Clausen, Peter M. Weber, and Theis I. Sølling. "Symmetry controlled excited state dynamics." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 5 (2019): 2283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp05950k.

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Symmetry effects in internal conversion are studied by means of two isomeric cyclic tertiary aliphatic amines in a velocity map imaging (VMI) experiment on the femtosecond timescale. We conclude that lessening the symmetry of the molecule leads to loss of coherence after internal conversion between Rydberg states.

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50

Koepke, Cz, and A. Lempicki. "Excited state absorption in Bi4Ge3O12." Chemical Physics Letters 172, no. 3-4 (September 1990): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(90)85393-q.

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