Academic literature on the topic 'Excitation rates'

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Journal articles on the topic "Excitation rates"

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Canal, C. A. Garcia, E. M. Santangelo, and M. B. Gay Ducati. "Excitation rates of heavy quarks." Physical Review D 31, no. 11 (June 1, 1985): 2748–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.31.2748.

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Aggarwal, K. M., and F. P. Keenan. "Electron impact excitation of Fe XVI: radiative and excitation rates." Astronomy & Astrophysics 450, no. 3 (April 19, 2006): 1249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20054683.

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Ramadan, Hassan, and Sabbah Elkilany. "Resonant Transfer Excitation of Fluorine-Like Mo33+ Ion." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 65, no. 6-7 (July 1, 2010): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2010-6-716.

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Dielectronic recombination (DR) cross sections (σDR) and rate coefficients (αDR) for Mo33+ are calculated using the angular momentum average scheme (AMA). Moreover, the resonant transfer excitation followed by X-ray emission (RTEX) cross sections (σ RTEX) for the collision of Mo33+ with H2 and He targets are calculated and studied. The calculations of the cross sections are performed for both K- and L-shell excitations. A smooth change with the temperatures for αDR is found for all kinds of excitations. The rates for K-shell excitation are very small in comparison with the rates for Lshell excitation. The RTEX cross sections for Mo33+ ions are obtained from their corresponding DR cross sections by the method of folding in the impulse approximation (IMA). σ RTEX for the K-shell excitation shows two overlapped peaks which may be attributed to the two groups in this excitation process. The present calculations are considered as a database for future comparison with theoretical and experimental data using other coupling schemes. Multiple Auger channels are complicating the dependence of the cross sections on principal quantum numbers.
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Dubernet, M. L., P. Valiron, F. Daniel, A. Grosjean, F. Lique, N. Feautrier, A. Spielfiedel, et al. "Collisional Excitation Rates in the ISM." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 1, S231 (March 21, 2006): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921306007095.

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Kingston, A. E., and M. A. Lennon. "Electron excitation rates for iron ions." Nuclear Fusion 27, S1 (January 1, 1987): 43–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/27/s1/003.

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Aggarwal, K. M., F. P. Keenan, and K. D. Lawson. "Excitation rates for transitions in Kr XXXII." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 163 (April 1, 2009): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/163/1/012038.

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Bugler-Lamb, S., and S. A. R. Horsley. "Polariton excitation rates from time dependent dielectrics." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 49, no. 23 (November 14, 2016): 235502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/49/23/235502.

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Aggarwal, K. M., F. P. Keenan, and K. D. Lawson. "Excitation rates for transitions in Kr XXVIII." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 194, no. 6 (November 1, 2009): 062008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/194/6/062008.

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Dubernet, M. L., and A. Grosjean. "Collisional excitation rates of H2O with H2." Astronomy & Astrophysics 390, no. 2 (July 12, 2002): 793–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20020800.

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Aggarwal, K. M., and F. P. Keenan. "Excitation rates for transitions in Ca XV." Astronomy & Astrophysics 407, no. 2 (August 2003): 769–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20030874.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Excitation rates"

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Thorn, Penny Anne, and penny thorn@flinders edu au. "Electronic State Excitations in the Water Molecule by Collisions with Low Energy Electrons." Flinders University. Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20080714.112505.

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The present study was largely concerned with measuring accurate absolute values for the electronic state excitation cross sections in H2O, in the incident electron energy range 15eV to 50eV. It is hoped that these data will eventually help to improve the current state of electron - molecule scattering theory, as well as being useful in various fields of modelling. As an illustration of this latter point, the cross sections determined here were used to calculate quantities of importance in atmospheric modelling, namely, electron energy transfer rates and rates for the excitation of water molecules by auroral secondary electrons.
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Berejny, Philippe. "Excitation et ionisation multiphotoniques du xénon et des mélanges Kr - Xe. Etude du transfert d'énergie depuis l'état Kr2* [1u (3P1)]." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30193.

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L'essentiel de ce travail concerne l'etude du melange kr-xe excite par absorption multiphotonique. L'excitation initiale porte sur l'etat kr#2#* (1#u(#3p#1)). Le but est de comprendre les processus de transfert d'energie du krypton vers le xenon dans ces conditions d'excitation. Les spectres d'excitation montrent que l'excitation du melange kr-xe peut etre de type atomique et moleculaire. Les spectres d'emission du melange kr-xe montrent, sans ambiguite, la presence des premiers et deuxieme continua du xenon lorsque l'excitation initiale porte sur l'etat kr#2#*(1#u(#3p#1)). Les spectres d'ionisation dans les melanges kr-xe font apparaitre des resonances a (3+1) photons ou 4 photons. Une composante supplementaire par rapport au gaz pur peut etre attribuee a l'excitation du complexe kr-xe. L'analyse temporelle de la luminescence a ete effectuee sur le deuxieme continuum du xenon. Deux constantes de temps 1 et 2 ont ete determinees: la constante 1 traduit la disparition collisionnelle de l'etat metastable xe(#3p#2) par collisions homonucleaires et heteronucleaires ; la constante 2 correspond vraisemblablement a la disparition de l'etat xe(5d(7/2)#j#=#3)
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Lämsä, Karri. "GABAA receptor-mediated excitation in the hippocampus of adult and newborn rats." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2000. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/mat/bioti/vk/lamsa/.

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Sriratanaban, Chana. "Improved excitation techniques for fixed and variable rate CELP-based speech coding." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843285/.

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The last decade has witnessed rapid growth and development within the telecommunication industry. This, in particular for speech coding, has been primarily driven by the enormous expansion of digital mobile communication. Whilst the available bandwidth in wired based terrestrial network is a relatively cheap and expandable resource, it becomes unavoidably limited in satellite or mobile communication systems. At the same time, a high quality speech communication system is preferred. This, on the other hand, requires high data rates. Therefore, key factors to design speech coder are both the optimisation of the bandwidth usage and provision of high quality of service. The research carried out in this thesis has mainly focused on the design and development of low to medium bit rate narrowband and wideband speech coding algorithms which are based on Analysis-by-Synthesis Linear Prediction Coding (AbS-LPC). In order to reduce the computational complexity as well as to improve the perceptual quality, the secondary excitation used in the developed coder is based on sparsely populated pulse vectors instead of a Gaussian codebook, used in the original famous Code Excited Linear Prediction (CELP) coder. The algorithms subsequently developed also incorporate a multi-rate operation i.e. speech and channel coding bit allocation can be varied for different level of error protection according to channel conditions. Moreover, the developed coder is designed to operate between 8 and 14 kb/s, at a gross bit rate of 22.8 kb/s in order to provide a reliable service in the existing mobile communication network. In addition to the multi-rate speech coders, a new approach to variable rate speech coder is presented. In this course of research, longer frame lengths are used when possible i.e. when the speech segment contains similar- characteristics. This is mainly to reduce the parameter updating rate, and hence the bit rate. Speech segmentation and voice classification are obtained via speech recognition. Different types of excitation are used for different voice classes in order to improve the speech quality and to further reduce the bit rate. However, some applications require very high quality speech which narrowband speech cannot offer. The work in this research also includes the development of wideband CELP coder that operates at much lower bit rate than the current standards whilst maintaining toll or near toll quality of speech.
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Kerfant, Benoît-Gilles. "Rôle des microtubules dans le couplage excitation-contraction de cardiomyocytes sains et hypertrophiés." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20104.

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Turnidge, Martin Laurence. "Vibrational energy transfer at low temperatures and the use of infrared laser excitation for trace detection." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337427.

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Dufour, Claude. "Interprétation du spectre électronique des monohalogénures de cuivre : transferts rotationnels induits par collisions inélastiques entre la molécule CaF (A2[Pi]) et les gaz rares." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10082.

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Nouvelle interprétation des états électroniques excités de CuF à partir d'un modèle bâti sur la structure ionique Cu+ (3D94S)F-(2P6) et extension du modèle pour les autres mono-halogénures de Cu. Test de la théorie de M. H. Alexander (J. Chem. Phys. , 1982) par des mesures des sections efficaces de transfert d'énergie aux faibles valeurs du nombre quantique de rotation j pour les collisions de CaF (A2[Pi]) avec He et Ar : vérification de la loi d'échelle. Calculs ab initio des sections efficaces après détermination des surfaces de potentiel à l'aide d'un modèle de gaz d'électrons libres
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Bouhafs, Nezha. "Excitation des hydrures d’azote par l’hydrogène atomique et moléculaire." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMLH15/document.

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L'observation et l'étude des milieux moléculaires tel que le milieu interstellaire requièrent une connaissance détaillée des vitesses des processus de peuplement radiatifs et collisionnels afin d'accéder aux caractéristiques physiques (températures, densités, abondances des molécules, ...) de ces milieux. Les hydrures d'azote sont très présents dans les milieux interstellaires où ils s'avèrent être des intermédiaires de réaction important dans la chimie de l'azote. L'interprétation des observations des hydrures d'azote réalisées grâce au satellite HERSCHEL et l'interféromètre millimétrique ALMA, nécessite de connaître avec suffisamment de précision les taux de collision de ces molécules. Nous nous sommes donc intéressés dans cette thèse à la détermination des taux de collisions inélastiques des hydrures NH, NH2 et NH3 avec Ne, H2 et H, respectivement. A partir de surfaces d’énergie potentielle, les sections efficaces ont été obtenues pour les trois systèmes par la méthode exacte des équations couplées en utilisant les codes de dynamique moléculaire MOLSCAT et HIBRIDON. Les taux de collision sont ensuite obtenus pour des températures allant de 5 à 200 K. Enfin, les nouveaux taux de collisions de NH2 avec H2 ont été utilisés dans un code de transfert radiatif afin de reproduire les observations de NH2 en direction d'un nuage de formation d’étoile massive W31C. Nous montrons que les nouveau taux de collisions calculés apportent des contraintes sur les conditions physiques du nuage moléculaire
Observation and study of interstellar molecular clouds require the knowledge of molecular data to derive the physical conditions (temperature, gas density, molecular abundance) of these media. Nitrogen hydrides are highly abundant species in the interstellar medium and they are found to be important reaction intermediates in the nitrogen chemistry. The interpretation of nitrogen hydrides observations from the HERSCHEL spatial observatory and the ALMA interferometer, requires accurate collisional rate coefficients of these molecules. The present thesis focuses on the determination of new rate coefficients for NH, NH2 and NH3 molecules in collision with Ne, H2 et H, respectively. Inelastic cross sections for the rotational excitation of all the studied systems have been computed with a close coupling method using the molecular dynamic codes MOLSCAT and HIBRIDON. The cross sections are then used to calculate the collisional rate coefficients for temperatures ranging from 5 to 200 K. The new rate coefficients were included in radiative transfer calculations in order to model the observed transitions of NH2 towards high-mass star-forming region W31C. We show that using the previously published rate coefficients instead of these new ones have a significant impact on the modeling, leading to important differences on the density, abundance and on the OPR of NH2. The new data will allow to put interesting constraints on the physical condition of the molecular cloud
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Moutard, Pascal. "Dynamique et spectroscopie d'états atomiques ou moléculaires de gaz rares, obtenus par excitation à un ou plusieurs photons, simultanés ou séquentiels." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10089.

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Mark, Joshua F. "Analytical and Experimental Vibration Analysis of Variable Update Rate Waveform Generation." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1323882417.

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Books on the topic "Excitation rates"

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Flynn, George. Calculation of molecular excitation rates: Final technical report, 1 February 1992 - 31 January 1993. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. High temperature electronic excitation and ionization rates in gases: Final report on NASA grant-1-1211 : semi-classical theory of electronic exictation rates. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Excitation rates"

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Aggarwal, K. M., and F. P. Keenan. "Excitation Rates for Transitions in Ne-Like Ni XIX." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 271–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9924-3_31.

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Hays, G. N., L. C. Pitchford, J. B. Gerardo, J. T. Verdeyen, and Y. M. Li. "Excitation and Ionization Rates in Hydrogen at Very High E/n." In Swarm Studies and Inelastic Electron-Molecule Collisions, 107. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4662-6_22.

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Hagberg, E., V. T. Koslowsky, J. C. Hardy, and I. S. Towner. "Isospin Forbidden β Transitions to Low-Lying 0+ States and the Effect on Superallowed Decay Rates." In Nuclear Shapes and Nuclear Structure at Low Excitation Energies, 331–37. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3342-9_28.

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Kobayashi, T., H. Uchiki, Y. Arakawa, and H. Sakaki. "Picosecond Photoluminescence and Energy-Loss Rates in GaAs Quantum Wells Under High-Density Excitation." In Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 231–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82918-5_62.

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Roueff, E., H. Abgrall, J. le Bourlot, and Y. Viala. "Radiative Pumping and Collisional Excitation of Molecules in Diffuse Interstellar Clouds." In Rate Coefficients in Astrochemistry, 73–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3007-0_5.

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Merriam, J. B. "Atmospheric excitation of the Earth's rotation rate." In Variations in Earth Rotation, 119–26. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm059p0119.

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Saari, Jack T. "Endothelium-Dependent and-Independent Relaxation of Aortas from Copper-Deficient Rats." In Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle, 381–83. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3362-7_45.

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Walsh, B. M. "Rate Equation Modeling of Tm → Ho Energy Transfer in LiYF4." In Spectroscopy and Dynamics of Collective Excitations in Solids, 626. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5835-4_50.

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Delini-Stula, A., and E. Radeke. "Behavioral and Pharmacological Characterisation of Tryptamine-Induced Excitation Syndrome in Rats." In Neuropsychopharmacology of the Trace Amines, 125–40. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5010-4_11.

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Jelinek, Milan, Geneviève Baudoin, Gérard Chollet, and Michel Mauc. "Excitation Construction for the Robust Low Bit Rate CELP Speech Coder." In Speech Recognition and Coding, 439–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57745-1_62.

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Conference papers on the topic "Excitation rates"

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Paar, N., Paraskevi Demetriou, Rauno Julin, and Sotirios Harissopulos. "Exotic modes of excitation and weak interaction rates at finite temperature." In FRONTIERS IN NUCLEAR STRUCTURE, ASTROPHYSICS, AND REACTIONS: FINUSTAR 3. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3628355.

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Zakharov, V. S. "Ionization & Excitation Collision Rates and Cross-Sections in Multicharged Ion Plasmas." In DENSE Z-PINCHES: 6th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2159381.

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Vyas, Nalinaksh S. "Pseudo Static Excitation of Turbine Blades Under Acceleration." In ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1995-0515.

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Abstract Coriolis forces, on a blade mounted on a disc rotating with angular acceleration, give rise to a pseudo static excitation to the blade. The resulting vibrations are simultaneously influenced by the changing stiffness of the blade under acceleration. The occurrence of this shock phenomenon has been reported in earlier studies for uniform beams. In this paper the phenomenon is investigated for a typical tapered, pretwisted, turbine lade with an asymmetric aerofoil cross section and mounted on the disc at a stagger angle. The governing equations of motion, for uniform rates of acceleration are derived employing Lagrangian equations. The vibration response patterns of the blade, obtained numerically, for typical acceleration rates are illustrated.
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LEE, J. H. "Electron-impact vibrational excitation rates in the flow field of aeroassisted orbital transfer vehicles." In 20th Thermophysics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1035.

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Lewis, R. R., G. E. Maldonado-Codina, A. J. Andrews, and C. E. Webb. "Excitation and deexcitation rates of the upper laser levels in a copper vapor laser." In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo.1986.we6.

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Omar, G., R. Semeda, and F. Shahin. "Resonant Electron Capture and Recombination Rates for O-like Ions with K-shell Excitation." In MODERN TRENDS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH: Second International Conference on Modern Trends in Physics Research MTPR-06. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2711086.

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Vermeulen, C. "Excitation Functions and Production Rates of Radionuclides Produced in the Proton Bombardment of natPr and natLa." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1945324.

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Colonius, Fritz, Gerhard Häckl, and Wolfgang Kliemann. "Dynamic Reliability of Nonlinear Systems Under Random Excitation." In ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1995-0347.

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Abstract Reliability theory analyzes failure phenomena in systems, leading to maintenance and replacement schedules as well as risk assessment and other topics. Dynamic reliability takes into account the (possibly nonlinear) dynamics of the system and of the random excitation that may lead to failure. It is shown, how some of the concepts of reliability theory can be interpreted in the dynamical systems context. Analytical results are derived for failure probabilities, for life time distributions, asymptotic damage accumulation rates, and other relevant concepts. The Takens-Bogdanov oscillator and a model for ship roll motion are analyzed in detail, together with a thorough description of the numerical methods that are available for dynamic reliability studies.
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Dasgupta, Abhijit, Ed Habtour, Raman Sridharan, and Elaine Lin. "Durability of Large Electronic Components Undergoing Multi-Axial Vibratory Excitation." In ASME 2015 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems collocated with the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2015-48709.

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Shaker table vibration testing is nothing new for electronic components. Such environmental tests are most often conducted in a sequential uniaxial setup, where the test article is sequentially rotated and excited along three different orthogonal orientations. While sequential axis testing does excite modes in all three directions sequentially, it does not quantify or qualify how modes along different axes interact with one another when excited simultaneously. Traditional linear dynamics does not predict any cross-axis interactions between different spectral modes in vibrating structures, but this has long been suspected to be an oversimplification for many cases. The authors demonstrated this in a previous experiment, in which printed wiring assemblies (PWAs) of the same design were subjected to sequential uniaxial and simultaneous biaxial excitations. Boards undergoing bi-axial excitation suffered fatigue damage accumulation rates much higher than the superposition of damage rates from sequential uniaxial tests. Even as far back as 2010, the military added multi degree of freedom (MDoF) vibration tests to their 810G standard — so MDoF testing is rapidly gaining traction in the accelerated stress testing community. The cost of performing MDoF vibration durability testing can be significant, so an important technical issue turns into identifying when MDoF testing is necessary, and when single degree of freedom (SDoF) testing is sufficient. This study addresses this issue using a combination of mathematical models and FEA simulations. It is intuitively obvious that larger and more massive circuit components are more susceptible to these nonlinear cross-axis interactions, especially as the excitation levels become significant; however our long term goal is to quantify the effects of such parameters on the nonlinear interactions. The focus of the study is a simple beam with a tip mass — representing a circuit component with leads for mounting to the printed wiring board (PWB). The study also considers the effect of the PWB dynamics on the mechanical response of the circuit element, as it undergoes worst case excitation. The effects of several parameters are investigated, including component properties (e.g. mass, and height) as well as bi-axial excitation conditions (eg. frequency, relative phase and amplitude).
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Nefske, Donald J., Shung H. (Sue) Sung, and Douglas A. Feldmaier. "Identification of Dynamic Rates of Elastomeric Vibration Isolators in Automotive Vehicles." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60495.

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Dynamic stiffness and damping rates of elastomeric vibration isolators used in automotive vehicles are identified from static isolator tests and the use of an isolator finite element model. Comparisons are made of the predicted versus measured dynamic stiffness and damping rates from 0 to 300 Hz of a rear suspension isolator to validate the technique. The identified dynamic rates of the elastomeric isolators of a representative vehicle are then input to the vehicle system finite-element model to compare the predicted versus measured vehicle vibration and interior noise response for laboratory shaker excitation.
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Reports on the topic "Excitation rates"

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Hill, K. W., M. Bitter, S. von Goeler, S. Hiroe, R. Hulse, A. T. Ramsey, S. Sesnic, M. Shimada, and B. C. Stratton. Effective K. cap alpha. x-ray excitation rates for plasma impurity measurements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5405757.

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Chen, Mau H., and Bernd Crasemann. Contributions of Autoionizing Resonances to the Electron Collisional Excitation Rates for Be-Like Ions,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada190924.

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Howell, R. B., R. J. Fonck, R. J. Knize, and K. P. Jaehnig. Corrections to charge exchange spectroscopic measurements in TFTR due to energy-dependent excitation rates. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6838276.

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Robert Averback. Fast Laser Excitation and Ultrahigh Strain-Rate Deformation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/908218.

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Whitehead, C. A., B. D. Cannon, and J. F. Wacker. Excitation rate and background measurements during LIF studies on krypton. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10155417.

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Whitehead, C. A., B. D. Cannon, and J. F. Wacker. Excitation rate and background measurements during LIF studies on krypton. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6770198.

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