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Academic literature on the topic 'Excitation (physiologie) – Modèles mathématiques'
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Journal articles on the topic "Excitation (physiologie) – Modèles mathématiques"
Marano, Francelyne. "Les méthodes alternatives à l’expérimentation animale, présent et futur." Biologie Aujourd’hui 217, no. 3-4 (2023): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2023035.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Excitation (physiologie) – Modèles mathématiques"
Paragot, Paul. "Analyse numérique du système d'équations Poisson-Nernst Planck pour étudier la propagation d'un signal transitoire dans les neurones." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5020.
Full textNeuroscientific questions about dendrites include understanding their structural plasticityin response to learning and how they integrate signals. Researchers aim to unravel these aspects to enhance our understanding of neural function and its complexities. This thesis aims at offering numerical insights concerning voltage and ionic dynamics in dendrites. Our primary focus is on modeling neuronal excitation, particularly in dendritic small compartments. We address ionic dynamics following the influx of nerve signals from synapses, including dendritic spines. To accurately represent their small scale, we solve the well-known Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) system of equations, within this real application. The PNP system is widely recognized as the standard model for characterizing the electrodiffusion phenomenon of ions in electrolytes, including dendritic structures. This non-linear system presents challenges in both modeling and computation due to the presence of stiff boundary layers (BL). We begin by proposing numerical schemes based on the Discrete Duality Finite Volumes method (DDFV) to solve the PNP system. This method enables local mesh refinement at the BL, using general meshes. This approach facilitates solving the system on a 2D domain that represents the geometry of dendritic arborization. Additionally, we employ numerical schemes that preserve the positivity of ionic concentrations. Chapters 1 and 2 present the PNP system and the DDFV method along with its discrete operators. Chapter 2 presents a "linear" coupling of equations and investigate its associated numerical scheme. This coupling poses convergence challenges, where we demonstrate its limitations through numerical results. Chapter 3 introduces a "nonlinear" coupling, which enables accurate numerical resolution of the PNP system. Both of couplings are performed using DDFV method. However, in Chapter 3, we demonstrate the accuracy of the DDFV scheme, achieving second-order accuracy in space. Furthermore, we simulate a test case involving the BL. Finally, we apply the DDFV scheme to the geometry of dendritic spines and discuss our numerical simulations by comparing them with 1D existing simulations in the literature. Our approach considers the complexities of 2D dendritic structures. We also introduce two original configurations of dendrites, providing insights into how dendritic spines influence each other, revealing the extent of their mutual influence. Our simulations show the propagation distance of ionic influx during synaptic connections. In Chapter 4, we solve the PNP system over a 2D multi-domain consisting of a membrane, an internal and external medium. This approach allows the modeling of voltage dynamics in a more realistic way, and further helps checking consistency of the results in Chapter 3. To achieve this, we employ the FreeFem++ software to solve the PNP system within this 2D context. We present simulations that correspond to the results obtained in Chapter 3, demonstrating linear summation in a dendrite bifurcation. Furthermore, we investigate signal summation by adding inputs to the membrane of a dendritic branch. We identify an excitability threshold where the voltage dynamics are significantly influenced by the number of inputs. Finally, we also offer numerical illustrations of the BL within the intracellular medium, observing small fluctuations. These results are preliminary, aiming to provide insights into understanding dendritic dynamics. Chapter 5 presents collaborative work conducted during the Cemracs 2022. We focus on a composite finite volume scheme where we aim to derive the Euler equations with source terms on unstructured meshes
Liautard, Camille. "Mécanismes physiopathologiques dans deux modèles murins d'épilepsie liée à la mutation des canaux sodiques 1. 1." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4080.
Full textDravet Syndrome (DS), a very severe pharmaco-resistant epilepsy of infancy, and Genetic Epilepsy with febrile Seizures Plus (GEFS+), presenting a moderate phenotype, are two epilepsies linked to an heterozygous mutation of SCN1A, the gene coding for voltage-dependent sodium channels 1. 1. To better understand the pathogenic mechanisms in these epilepsies, electrophysiological recordings in brain slices from two animal models with altered SCN1A were performed. Our data have shown a specific implication of the hippocampus in the generation of epileptic seizures in mice models of DS. This structure presents a hyperexcitability of the neuronal network due to an inhibitory transmission defect linked to the Nav1. 1 loss of function. In epileptogenic conditions, an activity specific to our model was identified. In GEFS+ mice models, the thalamo-cortical network, implied in the generation of absence seizures observed in patients, was studied. A spontaneous neuronal hyperexcitability in the circuit was detected. This hyperexcitability could be correlated to the specific alteration of the inhibitory neurons present in the different structures of the circuit. This alteration may be responsible for the inhibitory transmission dysfunction observed in the thalamo-cortical network. In conclusion, we have characterized the pathogenic mechanisms present in these neuronal networks. These mice models will be used in the future to develop new therapeutic strategies
Langlois, Cyril. "L'enregistrement isotopique des tissus minéralisés des vertébrés : apports de la modélisation numérique à l'estimation des influences de la physiologie, de l'écologie et du régime alimentaire." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10061.
Full textPerez-Guevara, Fermin. "Production de schizosaccharomyces pombe. Physiologie et paramètres de culture." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT053G.
Full textGuigon, Emmanuel. "Modélisation des propriétés du cortex cérébral : comparaison entre aires visuelles, motrices et préfrontales." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0305.
Full textDemont-Guignard, Sophie. "Interprétation des évènements inter critiques dans les signaux EEG intra cérébraux : apport des modèles détaillés de réseaux neuronaux." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S068.
Full textThis work deals with the analysis of particular electrophysiological events of intracerebral signals recorded in the pre-surgical evaluation of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Our objective was to to explain specific mechanisms involved in the interictal transient events production (epileptic spikes). In order to meet this objective, we have developed a model, at the cellular level, of neuronal network including pyramidal cells and interneurons. This model was able to bridge between recorded signals with intracerebral electrodes and network activity, from the reconstruction of the local field potential (dipole theory). This work is focused on the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus, a structure often involved in temporal lobe epilepsy. At cellular level, a new pyramidal neuron model with two compartments was proposed and validated by comparison with real intracellular recordings, in normal and pathological conditions. At network level (including a large number of cells), the model was able to simulate events that closely resemble actual epileptic spikes
Lavigne, Jennifer. "Caractérisation de l'hyperexcitabilité cérébrale dans des modèles murins d'épilepsies génétiques et développement d'une nouvelle stratégie pour la réduire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://theses.unice.fr/2016AZUR4053.
Full textDuring my thesis, I studied two murine models of childhood genetic epilepsies, caused by mutations of Nav1.1 channels (involved in the excitability of inhibitory neurons): Dravet Syndrome (DS), a severe and drug resistant epilepsy, and Genetic Epilepsy with Febrile Seizures Plus (GEFS+), characterized by a milder phenotype.My work is divided into three parts:- The first one revealed a process of epileptogenesis in these murine models.- In the second, I identified experimental conditions to induce epileptiform activities which are specific of the DS model in brain slices, which could allow pharmacological screens ex-vivo.- The third one was aimed at developing a new strategy to reduce cerebral hyperexcitability
Bornancin, Plantier Audrey. "Conception de modèles de prévision des crues éclair par apprentissage artificiel." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066015.
Full textThe South of France is often subject to dramatic floods, which cause casualties and damages. Very intense, localized rainfalls generate fast, complex flash floods that are very difficult to forecast. The FLASH project (Flood forecasting with machine Learning, data Assimilation and Semi-pHysical modeling) was created in this context. It brings together several laboratories from different scientific fields, whose purpose is to provide the French Flood Surveillance Service (SCHAPI), with a model of flood forecasting. These forecasts will feed the real-time flood vigilance map that is available on the Internet. The main watershed under investigation here is the Gardon d’Anduze. Two types of neural networks are designed and trained to forecast the water level at Anduze from the past water levels and rainfalls. The selection of the number of hidden neurons, of the number of inputs, of some parameters of the training algorithm, and of the initialization of the networks parameters, which is crucial for estimating the generalization capability of the models, is performed by cross validation. The forecasts on the test events are satisfactory for 2 to 3 hour-ahead predictions, depending on the test event. An attempt at on-line training for model adaptation was unconvincing. Encouraging preliminary results are obtained by using rainfall estimates from radar images instead of rain gauge measurements. Finally, the methodology is applied to design predictive models of the water level of the Gardon at Remoulins, a watershed that includes the Gardon d’Anduze catchment. The level forecasts at Remoulins are statisfactory up to a prediction horizon of seven to nine hours
Hamidi, Saad. "Analyse quantitative de l'ECG ambulatoire et étude de la dynamique spatio-temporelle de la repolarisation ventriculaire : méthodes, modèles et résultats." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0112.
Full textWe propose a quantitative investigation method to study the dynamic relationship between the ambulatory ECG parameters and to evaluate their interaction mechanisms. To overcome the limitations of the sampling frequency (128Hz), we have developed two interpolation methods based on a linear and a cubic spline approach. Our methodology based on CAVIAR serial analysis method to precisely measure the QT interval and to analyze the changes in the QRS and T morphology. First we have developed a set of methods for the precise quantification of the changes of the repolarization phase during tilt tests. Using FFT spectral analysis after oversampling the ECG data at 4 Hz allowed clearly identify spectral events in the QT interval around 0. 1 Hz and a significant increase of the QT low frequency components in upright tilt position that are clearly correlated to RR interval variations and correspond to an interaction between the sympathetic system and the ventricular action potentials. In a second step we have developed methods for the modelization and the identification of the "heart" system with RR as input and QT as output. Two approaches have been assessed, respectively based on parametric models and on Neural Nets. Because of the complexity and the non-linearity of the relationship QT(t)=f(RR,t), parametric models failed in modeling precisely its dynamic behavior. Neural Nets however have proven to be adequate for approximating the non linear characteristics. The results obtained by using the latter approach allowed to characterize the dynamic behavior of the repolarization phase of patients presenting a long QT syndrome
Ravaz, Nathalie. "Croissance de populations levuriennes mixtes : effet Killer : analyse et modélisation." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT058G.
Full textBooks on the topic "Excitation (physiologie) – Modèles mathématiques"
Glass, Leon. From clocks to chaos: The rhythms of life. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1988.
Find full textKühn, R. Adaptivity and learning: An interdisciplinary debate. Berlin: Springer, 2003.
Find full textArnaud, Chauvière, Preziosi Luigi, and Verdier Claude 1962-, eds. Cell mechanics: From single scale-based models to multiscale modeling. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2009.
Find full textArnaud, Chauvière, Preziosi Luigi, and Verdier Claude, eds. Cell mechanics: From single scale-based models to multiscale modeling. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2009.
Find full textLuigi, Preziosi, and Verdier Claude, eds. Cell mechanics: From single scale-based models to multiscale modeling. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2009.
Find full textPatterns in Excitable Media: Genesis, Dynamics and Control. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.
Find full textSridhar, S., and Sitabhra Sinha. Patterns in Excitable Media: Genesis, Dynamics, and Control. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.
Find full textSridhar, S., and Sitabhra Sinha. Patterns in Excitable Media. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.
Find full textThyroid Systems Engineering: A Primer in Mathematical Modeling of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis. River Publishers, 2018.
Find full textGoede, Simon, and Melvin Khee-Shing Leow. Thyroid Systems Engineering: A Primer in Mathematical Modeling of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis. River Publishers, 2022.
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