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1
Papadopoulos, Pantelis. Excitation of single modes in graded index optical fibres. Salford: University of Salford, 1985.
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2
Eli, Reshotko, and Lewis Research Center, eds. Excitation of continuous and discrete modes in incompressible boundary layers. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1998.
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3
Kavka, Alexander Edgar. Coulomb excitation: Analytical methods and experimental results on even selenium nuclei. Uppsala: Academia Ubsaliensis, 1989.
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4
Salvestrini, Francesco, Gian Maria Varanini, and Anna Zangarini, eds. La morte e i suoi riti in Italia tra Medioevo e prima Età moderna. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-648-8.
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Consciously repressed by the current dominating culture, in Italy and Europe in the late mediaeval and early modern age death was addressed with greater confidence and awareness, and sometimes even with serenity. The modes of dying and of conceiving death – and the varied and rich religious and civil rituals that accompanied it – reflected the values and the choices of rich and poor, of kings and peasants, merchants and soldiers, nobles and churchmen, men and women. Several decades after the major studies that opened the road to these strands of research in Italy too (Ariès, Tenenti), this book offers a series of penetrating and suggestive explorations of a fascinating and complex theme which no reader can consider extraneous.
5
Delogu, Cristina, ed. Tecnologia per il web learning. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-571-9.
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This book maps out a course through the methodological and technological innovations of internet-based training, setting the emphasis on the collaborative character of experiences of learning and on the interactivity of the virtual workshops. On the one hand, this underscores the possibilities offered by the net to make available educational modes centred on the social process that enables learning in an active manner, rather than on the centrality of contents to be passively transferred to the students. On the other hand, it also shows how in the virtual workshops it is possible to develop one's understanding of the phenomena that are the subject of learning as a result of the interaction with the phenomena themselves, reproduced in the computer, acting upon them and observing the consequences of one's own actions. The effect is to underline how this type of model of learning can help to overcome the technology gap between different countries and social groups (the digital divide) and also to make learning more accessible even to disabled students.
6
Lee, Yong-Inn. Collective electronic excitation modes in a superlattice. 1985.
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7
Zeitlin, Vladimir. Resonant Wave Interactions and Resonant Excitation of Wave-guide Modes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804338.003.0012.
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The idea of resonant nonlinear interactions of waves, and of resonant wave triads, is first explained using the example of Rossby waves, and then used to highlight a mechanism of excitation of wave-guide modes, by impinging free waves at the oceanic shelf, and at the equator. Physics and mathematics of the mechanism, which is related to the phenomena of parametric resonance and wave modulation, are explained in detail in both cases. The resulting modulation equations, of Ginzburg–Landau or nonlinear Schrodinger type, are obtained by multi-scale asymptotic expansions and elimination of resonances, after the explanation of this technique. The chapter thus makes a link between geophysical fluid dynamics and other branches of nonlinear physics. A variety of nonlinear phenomena including coherent structure formation is displayed. The resonant excitation of wave-guide modes provides an efficient mechanism of energy transfer to the wave guides from the large to the small.
8
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Excitation of Continuous and Discrete Modes in Incompressible Boundary Layers. Independently Published, 2018.
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9
Giant Resonances: Fundamental High-Frequency Modes of Nuclear Excitation (Oxford Studies in Nuclear Physics). Oxford University Press, USA, 2001.
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10
Kyritsis, Dimitrios. Two Modes of Judicial Deference. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199672257.003.0007.
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In order to preserve the courts’ subsidiarity, even when they monitor the legislature, we must develop a suitable concept of judicial deference. This is the aim of this chapter. It distinguishes two modes of deference, the epistemic and the robust. On the epistemic model, deference affects the deliberative process of judges but does not change the standard by which we evaluate legislative decisions. On the robust model, deference does not affect judicial deliberation but changes what is the right thing to do; it may require giving effect to the authority’s decision, although it is sub-optimal as far as its content is concerned on the strength of countervailing considerations of institutional design. These two modes of deference can also be combined (composite deference). Deference, thus understood, is not erratic and ad hoc but sensitive to reasons of political morality and amenable to rational application.
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Launay, Jean-Pierre, and Michel Verdaguer. The excited electron: photophysical properties. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814597.003.0004.
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After a review of fundamental notions such as absorption, emission and the properties of excited states, the chapter introduces excited-state electron transfer. Several examples are given, using molecules to realize photodiodes, light emitting diodes, photovoltaic cells, and even harnessing photochemical energy for water photolysis. The specificities of ultrafast electron transfer are outlined. Energy transfer is then defined, starting from its theoretical description, and showing its involvement in photonic wires or molecular assemblies realizing an antenna effect for light harvesting. Photomagnetic effects; that is, the modification of magnetic properties after a photonic excitation, are then studied. The examples are taken from systems presenting a spin cross-over, with the LIESST effect, and from systems presenting metal–metal charge transfer, in particular in Prussian Blue analogues and their molecular version.
12
Milbank, Alison. Epilogue. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824466.003.0016.
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The premises of the book are reprised in the Epilogue to argue for an intensification of religious themes as the Protestant downgrading of spiritual mediating practices leads to a hollowed out secular materialism, requiring a more sympathetic recuperation of Catholic sacramentality, even to establish the spiritual Protestant subject. Recent Gothic fiction by Sarah Perry, Andrew Hurley, and James Robertson illustrates the ongoing importance of Whig, Catholic, and Scottish Calvinist modes of Gothic in contemporary fiction, which questions the limits of the natural.
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Tabibian-Mizrahi, Michal. Precarious Employment in the Public Sector. Edited by Michael Shalev. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793021.003.0009.
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This case study of precarious employment in public hospitals shows that the adoption of neoliberal practices was a gradual process whose roots can be traced to earlier decades. Innovative and even revolutionary changes in civil service hiring practices emerged in the early 1960s, gathering momentum in the subsequent decade. In this domain, at least, neoliberal practices preceded the neoliberal ideological shift, and helped pave the way for the latter’s assimilation. At the same time, being conferred with significance and legitimacy assisted the further growth of precarity in the public sector. This dialectic of ideas and organizational practices constituted an important mechanism entrenching neoliberal modes of employment within the state.
14
Samol, Nancy B., and Eric P. Wittkugel. Epidermolysis Bullosa. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199764495.003.0065.
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Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a genetic skin disorder with multiple modes of inheritance that causes blister formation from shear injury and results in extensive scarring. Children with EB provide an array of unique challenges when presenting for anesthetic care. Anticipation and management of a potentially difficult airway as well as the protection of fragile skin and mucous membranes are high priorities during anesthetic planning. Complications can arise with use of even the most routine anesthesia monitors and placement of a simple peripheral IV line. Thorough preoperative planning and meticulous perioperative care will reduce complications and result in a smooth anesthetic for both patient and clinician.
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Delmas, Candice. A Duty to Resist. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190872199.001.0001.
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What are our responsibilities in the face of injustice? Many philosophers argue for what is called political obligation—the duty to obey the law of nearly just, legitimate states. Even proponents of civil disobedience generally hold that, given this moral duty, breaking the law requires justification. By contrast, activists from Henry David Thoreau to the Movement for Black Lives have long recognized a responsibility to resist injustice. Taking seriously this activism, this book wrestles with the problem of political obligation in real world societies that harbor injustice. It argues that the very grounds supporting a duty to obey the law—grounds such as the natural duty of justice, the principle of fairness, the Samaritan duty, and associative duties—also impose obligations of resistance under unjust social conditions. The work therefore expands political obligation to include a duty to resist injustice even in legitimate states, and further shows that under certain real-world conditions, this duty to resist demands principled disobedience. Against the mainstream in public, legal, and philosophical discourse, the book argues that such disobedience need not always be civil. Sometimes, covert, violent, evasive, or offensive acts of lawbreaking can be justified, even required. Illegal assistance to undocumented migrants, leaks of classified information, hacktivism sabotage, armed self-defense, guerrilla art, and other modes of resistance are viable and even necessary forms of resistance. There are limits: principle alone does not justify lawbreaking. But uncivil disobedience can sometimes be required in the effort to resist injustice.
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Iyengar, Sujata. Intermediated Bodies and Bodies of Media. Edited by Michael Neill and David Schalkwyk. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198724193.013.36.
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This essay argues that, when screen media such as television, film, and digital video appropriate and remediate Othello, they do so through intermediality: the simultaneous and self-conscious communication of information and experiences through multiple material and sensory modes. Using Dmitri Buchowetski’s silent version, Orson Welles’s feature film, Geoffrey Sax’s British movie, and Zaib Shaikh’s television films, Ready Set Go Theatre’s web-series, and the National Theatre Live streamed performances as case-histories, the chapter investigates ‘race’ itself as a communicative medium. It concludes that screens ‘screen’ Othello in two senses: they magnify suffering, breathing, human bodies in front of us even as they shelter us from the lived truth of race in the world.
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Fogelin, Robert J. Richard Popkin on Hume and Pyrrhonism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190673505.003.0016.
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Popkin says that Hume’s theory provides the proper mixture of dogmatism and skepticism in a manner that Popkin deems even stronger than that found in traditional Pyrrhonism. Hume does not find the Pyrrhonist method of seeking quietude—counterbalancing opposing beliefs—always under our rational control. For Hume, Popkin says, radical skepticism is a threat—protected by the inherent inability of the human mind to sustain abstruse reasoning. No threat of general skepticism, which “leads to madness,” according to Popkin, emerges as long as Philo restricts himself to empirical challenges to Cleanthes. Having Philo employ general Pyrrhonian modes—infinite regress, for example—raises the specter of general skepticism that troubled Hume in the Treatise.
18
de Laet, Timmy. Giving Sense to the Past. Edited by Mark Franko. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199314201.013.35.
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One of the most common assertion about reenactment is that it installs a form of “affective historiography.” Because reenactment engages the body in relating to the past, it adds corporeal, sensorial, emotional, or psychological dimensions to history in ways that books or documents allegedly cannot offer. This tendency, however, to regard reenactment as an alternative to traditional modes of historiography has led to an overemphasis on its immersive effects, at the expense of its epistemological potential. This chapter argues that even while dance reenactment might share with its more popular counterparts the appeal to sensory immediacy, it turns the format into an artistic strategy that exploits, rather than covers up, historical distance, which incites critical reflection on what it means to restage the past in terms of time and affect.
19
Small, Mario Luis. A Final Word. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190661427.003.0010.
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This book concludes by discussing the impact of technology on how we communicate with our closest friends and family, and especially how we relate to our strong ties. The change in norms is most evident in young people, including the graduate students studied in this book, who now rely on smartphones and the Internet as their primary modes of communication—with their close friends, spouses, and even roommates. As a result of these dynamics, it should have been easier than ever for the students to retain their connections to close confidants in the midst of dramatic life changes. However, this book argues that in spite of what is possible online, the distinctly human elements of interpersonal relations, those that lie beyond the network structure, remain indispensable to understand network behavior.
20
Whitehouse, Harvey. The Ritual Animal. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199646364.001.0001.
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The ritual animal longs to belong. Rituals are a way of defining the boundaries of social groups and binding their members together. The ritual modes theory set out in this book seeks to unravel the psychology behind these processes, and to explain how ritual behaviour evolved, including how different modes of ritual performance have shaped global history over many millennia. Testing the theory has meant designing experiments run with children in psychology labs and on remote Pacific islands, gathering survey data with armed insurgents in the Middle East and Muslim fundamentalists in Indonesia, monitoring heart rate and stress among football fans in Brazil, and measuring changes in the brain as people observe traditional Chinese rituals in Singapore. The results of all this research point to new ways of addressing cooperation problems: from preventing violent extremism to motivating action on the climate crisis. Although this book is about the role of ritual in the evolution of social complexity, more broadly it models a new approach to the science of the social—an approach that is driven by real-world observation but grounded in the cognitive and evolutionary sciences. More ambitiously still, it shows how cumulative theory building can be used to deliver practical benefits for society at large, perhaps even addressing problems on a global scale by harnessing the formidable cohesive and cooperative capacities of the ritual animal.
21
Ferstman, Carla. Internal Adjudication by International Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808442.003.0005.
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This chapter considers the nature, remit, and functioning of review mechanisms established by international organizations to address grievances concerning their conduct. Do these mechanisms serve as adequate modes of redress for injured individuals and can they result in effective reparation? The practice is diverse, although the mechanisms that address claims from individuals not connected to the organization remain few. A review of the most relevant mechanisms reveals different understandings of, and degrees of adherence to, external rules and principles. For the most part, there has been little regard to the procedural and substantive rights of affected individuals explored in previous chapters. But if reparation is a right belonging to victims or even an obligation owed to them as the ultimate beneficiaries, international organizations cannot restrict their procedures and claimants’ entitlements in the pursuit of their own understanding of rules and obligations.
22
Jamil, Ghazala. Materiality of Culture and Identity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199470655.003.0002.
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This chapter opens with a brief survey of literature on spatialization of discrimination. It presents an account of Old Delhi and Seelampur. It investigates ideological purposes of production of space and asserts that urban space has been commodified by capitalism even in its quality as a place of play and leisure. Parts of the Muslim localities in the walled city are produced as museumized space for the adventurous neo-liberal consumer of artistic, cultural, historical, and architectural heritage. Simultaneously, Muslim localities (such as Seelampur) are produced as derelict, dense and illicit areas by discursive practice—journalists, social science/planning researchers, social work/development practitioners. It is asserted that the two processes of segregation through ‘representation of space’ are affected due to materiality of culture and identity. Cultural commodification and labour market segmentation, as two modes of accumulation, are aided by segregation.
23
HaCohen, Ruth. Between Generation and Suspension. Edited by Yael Kaduri. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199841547.013.13.
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The chapter discusses two modes of combining music and moving images that developed in modernism. The first mode, which the author termsgeneration, relates to a type of animated narrative film in which the music precedes the visual sequence which generates the will or thought (modality) that gives rise to the narrative action. “The Sorcerer’s Apprentice,” from the Disney filmFantasia, is examined as an example. In the second mode,suspension, the picture appears as if preceding the music, even if the creative order was different, or the work does not have an actual visual manifestation. The visual sequence, which appears as if deriving from the composer’s inner world, is characterized by minute occurrences, wishing to arouse as an atmosphere or “third consciousness.” The movement “Colors” from Schoenberg’sFive Pieces for an Orchestra, opus 16, is examined as an example alongside examples from film music.
24
Moseley, Mason W. Uneven Democracy and Contentious Politics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190694005.003.0007.
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Building on the previous chapter, this chapter analyzes variation in protest activity across Argentine provinces using statistical analysis. Drawing on two sources of protest events data, survey data, and an inventive method for measuring subnational democracy introduced by Gervasoni (2010), I trace how characteristics of subnational democratic institutions related to electoral competition and executive dominance produce different protest outcomes over the past twenty years. Departing from prior studies of protest in Latin America, I focus on the differential effects of subnational democracy on distinct protest repertoires. That is, might certain institutional characteristics of provinces spur aggressive modes of contention but diminish the incidence of peaceful protests, and vice versa? In conclusion, this chapter reveals that even in a protest state like Argentina, significant subnational variation in terms of democratic quality can produce stark variation in both the prevalence and type of contentious politics.
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Fredericks, Sarah E. Religious Studies and Religious Practice. Edited by Robert Frodeman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198733522.013.31.
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The academic study of religion uses multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary methods because of the nature of religion and the interaction between religious practice and religious studies. Prior to modernity, the study and practice of religion were integrated and separate disciplines were often assumed to study a unified subject. Thus, the terms “multidisciplinary,” “interdisciplinary,” and “transdisciplinary,” which presume strictly separated disciplines do not apply to this period. In modernity, faith-based claims in the guise of objectivity often characterized the academic study of religion, a position increasingly critiqued by academics in the late twentieth century. Yet, new modes of transdisciplinary work demonstrate how scholarship and religious practice may mutually inform each other. Ecumenical and interfaith initiatives share features with multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary research methods and may yield helpful insights for these academic endeavors even though their commitment to an overarching worldview and life in communities set them apart.
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Ehrenreich, Samuel E., and Marion K. Underwood. Peer Coercion and Electronic Messaging. Edited by Thomas J. Dishion and James Snyder. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199324552.013.12.
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This chapter examines how features of electronic communication (text messaging, Facebook, and Twitter) make it an ideal environment for peer influence, and how positive and negative peer reinforcement via electronic communication relates to the development and perpetuation of antisocial behavior. Electronic modes of communication allow youth to be in contact with their peer group instantaneously and continuously. The continuous access provided by electronic forms of communication may intensify the role of positive and negative reinforcement processes. Electronic communication extends youths’ ability to engage in the aversive behaviors that characterize peer coercion. This immediacy also permits less aversive, positive reinforcement processes—such as laughter and encouragement—to continue even when peers are not physically together. The role of text message communication in peer coercion and deviancy training is examined, and illustrative examples are presented. The challenges associated with measuring and observing children’s involvement with an ever-changing virtual landscape are also discussed.
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Ladyman, James. Scientism with a Humane Face. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190462758.003.0005.
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Scientism is usually thought of as sinful, but it can be redeemed for our salvation. Scientism should not be dogmatic, nor should it ignore the actual limitations to current science. Other modes of inquiry deserve epistemic respect, and scientists should not be deferred to about matters beyond their expertise. However, limits should not be placed on what science can study and we cannot say in advance what the limits of future science will be. Where science conflicts with common sense, religion, and tradition, it should be regarded as authoritative for the purposes of education and public policy as well as objective inquiry; and scientific knowledge is even relevant to moral and political deliberation. This is the core of scientism. This chapter elaborates a way of thinking of scientism as a stance characterized in terms of positive and negative components and argues for a humane form of scientism.
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Como, David R. The Seeking Way. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199541911.003.0016.
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This chapter explores the outer edges of puritan religiosity during the 1640s, examining different species of “anti-formalism” that emerged in the period. First, it reconstructs a strain of thought maintaining that “forms”—or contestable niceties of doctrine and discipline—should be subordinated to godly solidarity, a position that came to sit near the center of the emerging “independent” coalition. The chapter then analyzes more extreme pietistic variants, which called into question the validity of all “forms” or religious observances—even to the point of denying the existence of any true church on earth. Attempts are made to explain how and where these disruptive modes of piety came into being, and likewise to assess their impact by charting the spread of such ideas into the heart of the parliamentarian coalition. While such formulations were at root religious, they sometimes had deep political and social implications, which are gestured at here.
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Elledge, C. D. Diversity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199640416.003.0002.
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This chapter examines the conceptual diversity of expressions of resurrection in a variety of early Jewish writings (Daniel, 1 Enoch, 2 Maccabees, 4 Ezra, 2 Baruch, Messianic Apocalypse, Pseudo-Ezekiel). Two categories, in particular, appear to have offered broad fluctuation. First, differing modes of embodiment may be identified within the evidence, including beliefs about the fate of the deceased body, as well as varied assumptions about what the newly embodied eschatological life would be like. Second, representations of resurrection also differ in how they locate human destiny within the larger spatial parameters of the cosmos. This diversity has sometimes been interpreted as a deficiency within early Jewish theologies, yet the present chapter explains this as the result of the adaptability of resurrection to a variety of intellectual contexts, a factor that accelerated the reception of resurrection as a widespread eschatological belief, even among competing groups.
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Jackson, Peter, and Anna-Pya Sjödin, eds. Philosophy and the End of Sacrifice: Disengaging Ritual in Ancient India, Greece and Beyond. Equinox Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/isbn.9781781791240.
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This volume addresses the means and ends of sacrificial speculation by inviting a selected group of specialist in the fields of philosophy, history of religions, and indology to examine philosophical modes of sacrificial speculation — especially in Ancient India and Greece — and consider the commonalities of their historical raison d’être. Scholars have long observed, yet without presenting any transcultural grand theory on the matter, that sacrifice seems to end with (or even continue as) philosophy in both Ancient India and Greece. How are we to understand this important transformation that so profoundly changed the way we think of religion (and philosophy as opposed to religion) today? Some of the complex topics inviting closer examination in this regard are the interiorisation of ritual, ascetism and self-sacrifice, sacrifice and cosmogony, the figure of the philosopher-sage, transformations and technologies of the self, analogical reasoning, the philosophy of ritual, vegetarianism, and metempsychosis.
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Newlands, Samuel. Elusive Individuals. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817260.003.0007.
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Spinoza’s conceptualist strategy was introduced to show how one and the same individual can be structured by a diversity of attributes, causal structures, dependence relations, modal profiles, and essences. But what are these individuals like, that they can consistently support all this diversity? The answer proves increasingly elusive, as argued in chapter six. After looking at Spinoza’s limited interest in the nature of individuals, it is argued that Spinoza introduces a conceptual condition on the composition and persistence conditions for individuals. This has widespread implications for Spinoza’s account of individual finite modes, and it re-raises an old worry about whether Spinoza was an acosmicist. Even worse, Spinoza’s account of finite individuals, when combined with the results of the previous chapters, threatens to undermine the conceptualist gambit he introduced to secure them in the first place. This is diagnosed and discussed in the concluding section.
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Glatz, Claudia. The Hittite State and Empire from Archaeological Evidence. Edited by Gregory McMahon and Sharon Steadman. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376142.013.0040.
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This article shows how the material culture can sometimes be an even clearer lens through which scholars may view the Hittite imperial organization and modes of engagement. The evidence for the selective adoption of north-central Anatolian ceramic traditions in neighboring regions, changes and continuity in local settlement systems, the direction and intensity of Hittite administrative efforts, and the dialogue of territorial hegemony carried out via landscape monuments suggest that empire, rather than a monolithic entity, is best conceptualized as a complex web of interactions. Imperial–local relationships were less clear cut and in favor of all-encompassing central control than one might infer from the Hittite documents. Instead, we gain the impression of an ongoing process or negotiation of empire that is carried out on a range of different cultural, political, and social levels, and which is neither complete nor uncontested in its closest periphery and throughout its existence.
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Davis, Paul, ed. Joseph Addison. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814030.001.0001.
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Joseph Addison: Tercentenary Essays is a collection of fifteen essays by a team of internationally recognized experts specially commissioned to commemorate in 2019 the three-hundredth anniversary of Addison’s death. Almost exclusively known now as the inventor and main author of The Spectator, probably the most widely read and imitated prose work of the eighteenth century, Addison also produced important and influential work across a broad gamut of other literary modes-poems, verse translations, literary criticism, periodical journalism, drama, opera, travel writing. Much of this work is little known nowadays even in specialist academic circles; Addison is often described as the most neglected of the eighteenth century’s major writers. Joseph Addison: Tercentenary Essays sets out to redress that neglect; it is the first essay collection ever published which addresses the full range and variety of his career and writings. Its fifteen chapters fall into three groupings: an initial group of five dealing with Addison’s work in modes other than the literary periodical (poetry, translation, travel writing, drama); a central core of five addressing The Spectator from a variety of disciplinary perspectives (literary-critical, sociological and political, bibliographical); and a final set of five exploring Addison’s reception within several cultural spheres (philosophy, horticulture, art history) by individual writers (Samuel Johnson) or across larger historical periods (the Romantic age, the Victorian age), and in Britain and Europe (especially France). Joseph Addison: Tercentenary Essays provides an overdue and appropriately diverse memorial to one of the eighteenth century’s dominant men of letters.
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Reynolds, Don R., and Jason W. Chapman. Long-range migration and orientation behavior. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797500.003.0007.
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The dramatic long-distance flights of butterflies and other large insects, occurring near the ground, have long been regarded as migratory. In contrast, high-altitude wind-borne movements of small insects have often been viewed differently, as uncontrolled or even accidental displacements. This chapter shows how an individual-based behavioral definition provides a unifying framework for these, and other modes of migration in insects and other terrestrial arthropods, and how it can distinguish migration from other types of movement. The chapter highlights some remarkable behavioral phenomena revealed by radar, including sophisticated flight orientations shown by high-flying migrants. Migration behavior is always supported by a suite of morphological, physiological and life-history traits—together forming a ‘migration syndrome’, itself one interacting component of a ‘migration system’. These traits steer the migrants along a ‘population pathway’ through space and time, while natural selection acts contemporaneously, continually modifying behavior and other aspects of the syndrome.
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Fisher, Jaimey. A Ghostly Archeology. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037986.003.0001.
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This chapter analyzes the films of Christian Petzold. Over the past twenty years and across eleven feature-length works, Petzold has established himself as the most critically acclaimed director in Germany. Five of his last eight films have won Best Film from the Association of German Film Critics (2001, 2005, 2007, 2008, and 2012). It is not only the critics, however, who admire Petzold's work: his breakthrough The State I Am In (Die innere Sicherheit; 2000) won the Federal Film Prize in Gold, the equivalent of a best-film prize for its year, an unusual recognition for an art-house film. His films consistently explore new and transformational modes of individualities, especially the compromised, even tainted, character of desire in the wake of economic adaptability, accommodation, and mobility. This kind of adaptability, productive desire, and subsequent movement are emphatically historicized in Petzold's cinema, in which history regularly intrudes upon individuals' dreams, fantasies, and desires as well as the spaces they inhabit.
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Agathocleous, Tanya. Disaffected. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501753879.001.0001.
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This book examines the effects of antisedition law on the overlapping public spheres of India and Britain under empire. After 1857, the British government began censoring the press in India, culminating in 1870 with the passage of Section 124a, a law that used the term “disaffection” to target the emotional tenor of writing deemed threatening to imperial rule. As a result, the book shows, Indian journalists adopted modes of writing that appeared to mimic properly British styles of prose even as they wrote against empire. The book argues that Section 124a, which is still used to quell political dissent in present-day India, both irrevocably shaped conversations and critiques in the colonial public sphere and continues to influence anticolonialism and postcolonial relationships between the state and the public. The book draws out the coercive and emotional subtexts of law, literature, and cultural relationships, demonstrating how the criminalization of political alienation and dissent has shaped literary form and the political imagination.
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Doane, Mary Ann. Bigger Than Life. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478021780.
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In Bigger Than Life Mary Ann Doane examines how the scalar operations of cinema, especially those of the close-up, disturb and reconfigure the spectator's sense of place, space, and orientation. Doane traces the history of scalar transformations from early cinema to the contemporary use of digital technology. In the early years of cinema, audiences regarded the monumental close-up, particularly of the face, as grotesque and often horrifying, even as it sought to expose a character's interiority through its magnification of detail and expression. Today, large-scale technologies such as IMAX and surround sound strive to dissolve the cinematic frame and invade the spectator's space, “immersing” them in image and sound. The notion of immersion, Doane contends, is symptomatic of a crisis of location in technologically mediated space and a reconceptualization of position, scale, and distance. In this way, cinematic scale and its modes of spatialization and despatialization have shaped the modern subject, interpolating them into the incessant expansion of commodification.
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Lambacher, Jason. The Limits of Freedom and the Freedom of Limits. Edited by Teena Gabrielson, Cheryl Hall, John M. Meyer, and David Schlosberg. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685271.013.27.
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When we conceive of “freedom” as the absence of limitations, it is easy to associate green politics with coercion and restriction. This troubling linkage frames environmentalism as hostile to freedom as such, and even leads many green theorists to doubt its relevance to environmental political theory. Is this, however, a narrow way of thinking about the concept of freedom and its relationship to environmentalism? Can freedom be greened to enhance ways of life that advance environmental goals? There are good reasons to think that it can. Green concepts of freedom not only offer salient critiques of ecologically destructive modes of freedom, they also open up creative aspirations to live autonomously and meaningfullywithinecological constraints. Ignoring the potential of freedom as a productive concept in environmental political theory overlooks powerful sources of motivation, experimentation, and political resonance. Green theorists should therefore work with, and not avoid, discourses of freedom in order to explore visions of individual, social, and ecological flourishing.
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Isaac, Allan Punzalan. Filipino Time. Fordham University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823298525.001.0001.
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Filipino Time examines how a variety of immaterial labor performed by Filipinos in the Philippines and around the world, while producing bodily and affective disciplines and dislocations, also generate and explore vital affects, multiple networks, and other worlds. Whether in representations of death in a musical or keeping work time at bay in a call center, these forms of living emerge from and even work alongside capitalist exploitation of affective labor. Affective labor involves human intersubjective interaction and creative capacities. Thus, through creative labor, subjects make communal worlds out of one colonized by capital time. In reading these cultural productions, the book traces concurrent chronicities, ways of sensing and making sense of time alongside capital’s dominant narrative. From the hostile but habitable textures of labor-time, migratory subjects live and weave narratives of place and belonging, produce new modes of connections and ways to feel time with others.The book explores how these chronicities are re-articulated in a capacious archive of storytelling about the Filipino labor diaspora in fiction, in a musical, in an ethnography, and in a documentary film. Each of the genres demonstrates how time and space are manifest in deformations by narrative and genre. These cultural expressions capture life-making capacities within the capitalist world of disruptions and circulations of bodies and time. Thus, they index how selves go out of bounds beyond the economic contract to transform, even momentarily, self, others, time, and their surroundings.
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Impett, Jonathan. Making a mark The psychology of composition. Edited by Susan Hallam, Ian Cross, and Michael Thaut. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199298457.013.0037.
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This article discusses the psychology of composition. Composition is a reflexive, iterative process of inscription. The work, once named as such and externalizable to some degree, passes circularly between inner and outer states. It passes through internal and external representations – mostly partial or compressed, some projected in mental rather than physical space, not all necessarily conscious or observable – and phenomenological experience, real or imagined. At each state-change the work is re-mediated by the composer, whose decision-making process is conditioned by the full complexity of human experience. This entire activity informs the simultaneous development of the composer's understanding of the particular work in its autonomy, of their own creativity, and of music more broadly. While the urge to compose – to invent, structure, and define sound and musical behaviour – may be to some degree innate, modes of conceiving, representing, and realizing are the product of a situated process. Even if some or all of that activity is so well assimilated personally or culturally that it remains hidden from experimental view, it remains a behaviour in respect of an emerging object.
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Carter, Sarah Anne. Object Lessons. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190225032.001.0001.
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Object Lessons: How Nineteenth-Century Americans Learned to Make Sense of the Material World examines the ways material things—objects and pictures—were used to reason about moral issues, the differences between reality and representation, race, citizenship, and capitalism in the nineteenth-century United States. For modern scholars, an “object lesson” is simply a timeworn metaphor used to describe any sort of reasoning from concrete to abstract. But in the 1860s, object lessons were classroom exercises popular across the United States. Object lessons forced children to learn about the world through their senses instead of through texts and memorization, leading to new modes of classifying and comprehending material evidence drawn from the close study of objects, pictures, and even people. This book argues that object lessons taught Americans how to find information in things in the decades after the Civil War. More than that, this study offers the object lesson as a new tool with which contemporary scholars can interpret the meanings of nineteenth-century material, cultural, and intellectual life.
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Raban, Mukthar. Innovative Leadership: Opening Post-School Education in South Africa through Enabling Early e-Learning Adoption. African Minds, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781928502425_p12.
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Since the rise of the computer and the internet, technology-enhanced learning (TEL) has gradually become a more prominent part of the post-school education and training sector (Gaebel et al. 2014; Kanuka 2008). Interest in TEL dramatically rose during the COVID-19 pandemic, but even preceding the lockdowns, e-learning offerings were already increasing at a rate of 15% per year worldwide (Alqahtani & Rajkhan 2020). TEL and online learning in general were becoming more commonplace, both as a substitute for, or complement to, face-to-face learning and teaching. In South Africa, the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET) has called for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges to widen flexible access to learning by varying their modes of delivery to include e-learning and blended learning so as to become more open, accessible and inclusive (DHET 2013, 2017). In response, many of the 50 colleges in the TVET sector have sought to increase the range and diversity of e-learning experiences within their various programmes.
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Cuartero, Mireia, and Niall D. Ferguson. High-frequency ventilation and oscillation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0098.
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High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is a key member of the family of modes called high-frequency ventilation and achieves adequate alveolar ventilation despite using very low tidal volumes, often below the dead space volume, at frequencies significantly above normal physiological values. It has been proposed as a potential protective ventilatory strategy, delivering minimal alveolar tidal stretch, while also providing continuous lung recruitment. HFOV has been successfully used in neonatal and paediatric intensive care units over the last 25 years. Since the late 1990s adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome have been treated using HFOV. In adults, several observational studies have shown improved oxygenation in patients with refractory hypoxaemia when HFOV was used as rescue therapy. Several small older trials had also suggested a mortality benefit with HFOV, but two recent randomized control trials in adults with ARDS have shed new light on this area. These trials not show benefit, and in one of them a suggestion of harm was seen with increased mortality for HFOV compared with protective conventional mechanical ventilation strategies (tidal volume target 6 mL/kg with higher positive end-expiratory pressure). While these findings do not necessarily apply to patients with severe hypoxaemia failing conventional ventilation, they increase uncertainty about the role of HFOV even in these patients.
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Friel, Sharon. Climate Change and the People's Health. Edited by Nancy Krieger. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492731.001.0001.
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Climate change threatens humanity and the planet on which we live. Social inequities, including in the health outcomes that different population groups enjoy, also pose a threat to humanity and our freedom to live healthy and flourishing lives. This book makes three key contributions to the current understanding of climate change and health inequity. First, it describes how climate change interacts with the social determinants of health and exacerbates existing health inequities. Second, the book introduces the concept of a “consumptagenic system.” This is an integrated network of market-based policies, processes, governance, and modes of understanding that fuel unhealthy and environmentally destructive production and consumption. Finally, the book outlines some of the progressive steps that are necessary to move from denial and inertia toward effective mobilization against the status quo and hope for the future. The book argues that this requires a systems approach and calls for action that uses fit-for-purpose knowledge and analytical tools from across the sciences, social sciences, and even humanities. The book finishes with the offer of a policy vision and describes some pathways forward across economic, social, and health policy domains that will reduce inequality, mitigate further environmental degradation, and improve health.
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Grene, Nicholas. Farming in Modern Irish Literature. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861294.001.0001.
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This innovative study analyzes the range of representation of farming in Irish literature in the period since independence/partition in 1922, as Ireland moved from a largely agricultural to a developed urban society. In many different forms, poetry, drama, fiction, and autobiography, writers have made literary capital by looking back at their rural backgrounds, even where those may be a generation back. The first five chapters examine some of the key themes: the impact of inheritance on family, in the patriarchal system where there could only be one male heir; the struggles for survival in the poorest regions of the West of Ireland; the uses of childhood farming memories whether idyllic or traumatic; the representation of communities, challenging the homogeneous idealizing images of the Literary Revival; the impact of modernization on successive generations into the twenty-first century. The final three chapters are devoted to three major writers in whose work farming is central: Patrick Kavanagh, the small farmer who had to find an individual voice to express his own unique experience; John McGahern in whose fiction the life of the farm is always posited as alternative to an arid and rootless urban milieu; Seamus Heaney who re-imagined his farming childhood in so many different modes throughout his career.
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Singer, Kate, Ashley Cross, and Suzanne Barnett, eds. Material Transgressions. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789621778.001.0001.
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Material Transgressions reveals how Romantic-era authors think outside of historical and theoretical ideologies that reiterate notions of sexed bodies, embodied subjectivities, isolated things, or stable texts. Essays examine how these writers rethink materiality, especially the subject-object relationship, in order to challenge the tenets of Enlightenment and the culture of sensibility that privileged the hegemony of the speaking and feeling lyric subject and to undo supposedly invariable matter, and representations of it, that limited their writing, agency, knowledge, and even being. In this volume, the idea of transgression serves as a flexible and capacious discursive and material movement that braids together fluid forms of affect, embodiment, and textuality. They offer alternative understandings of materiality that move beyond concepts that fix gendered bodies and intellectual capacities, whether human or textual, idea or thing. They enact processes—assemblages, ghost dances, pack mentality, reiterative writing, shapeshifting, multi-voiced choric oralities—that redefine restrictive structures in order to craft alternative modes of being in the world that can help us to reimagine materiality both in the Romantic period and now. Such dynamism not only reveals a new materialist imaginary for Romanticism but also unveils textualities, affects, figurations, and linguistic movements that alter new materialism’s often strictly ontological approach.
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Ferris, John. Intelligence in War. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.405.
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A large literature has emerged on intelligence and war which integrates the topics and techniques of two disciplines: strategic studies and military history. The literature on intelligence and war is divided into theory and strategy; command, control, communications, and intelligence (C3I); sources; military estimates in peace; deception; conventional operations; strike; and counter-insurgency and guerilla warfare. Sun Tzu treats intelligence as central to all forms of power politics, and even defines strategy and warfare as “the way of deception.” On the other hand, C3I combines signals and data processing technology, command as thought, process and action, the training of people, and individual and bureaucratic modes of learning. Since 1914, the power of secret sources has risen dramatically in peace and war, revolutionizing the value of intelligence for operations, especially at sea. The strongest area in this study is signals intelligence. Meanwhile, the relationship of intelligence with war, and with power politics, overlaps on the matter of military estimates during peacetime. The literature on operational intelligence is strongest on World War II. However, analysts have particularly failed to differentiate the effect of intelligence on operations, from that on a key element of military power since 1914: strike warfare. In counter-insurgency, many types and levels of war and intelligence overlap, which include guerillas, conventional and strike forces, and politics in villages and capitals.
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Rohman, Carrie. Choreographies of the Living. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190604400.001.0001.
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Animals seem to be everywhere in contemporary literature, visual art, and performance. But though writers, artists, and performers are now engaging more and more with ideas about animals, and even with actual living animals, their aesthetic practice continues to be interpreted within a primarily human frame of reference—with art itself being understood as an exclusively human endeavor. The critical wager in this book is that the aesthetic impulse itself is profoundly trans-species. Rohman suggests that if we understand artistic and performative impulses themselves as part of our evolutionary inheritance—as that which we borrow, in some sense, from animals and the natural world—the ways we experience, theorize, and value literary, visual, and performance art fundamentally shift. Although other arguments suggest that certain modes of aesthetic expression are closely linked to animality, Rohman argues that the aesthetic is animal, showing how animality and actual animals are at the center of the aesthetic practices of crucial modernist, contemporary, and avant-garde artists. Exploring the implications of the shift from an anthropocentric to a bioaesthetic conception of art, this book turns toward animals as artistic progenitors in a range of case studies that spans print texts, visual art, dance, music, and theatrical performance. Drawing on the ideas of theorists such as Elizabeth Grosz, Jane Bennett, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, Jacques Derrida, Una Chaudhuri, Timothy Morton, and Cary Wolfe, Rohman articulates a deep coincidence of the human and animal elaboration of life forces in aesthetic practices.
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Pentiuc, Eugen J. Hearing the Scriptures. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190239633.001.0001.
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This book explores a specific area of “reception history”: Byzantine hymnography’s use and interpretation of Scriptures, primarily the Old Testament (Septuagint), as part of Orthodox tradition. Lexical-biblical-theological analyses of selected Holy Week hymns show the distinctiveness of “liturgical exegesis” (hymnographic biblical interpretation) and its complementarity to “patristic exegesis.” Even though patristic exegesis and liturgical exegesis are closely interrelated in terms of authorship and basic methodology, this volume seeks to show the main dissimilarities between patristic (i.e., discursive) and liturgical (i.e., imagistic or intuitive) modes of biblical interpretation. The book aims to demonstrate the creativeness of “pre-critical” interpreters of the Bible, i.e., the Byzantine hymnographers. The volume’s introduction sums up the most important moments in the emergence of Byzantine Orthodox Holy Week, as well as the current structure of this liturgical cycle, with an emphasis on Byzantine hymnography. Part I of the book is a collection of lexical-biblical-theological analyses of selected Holy Week hymns spread over six days (and six chapters). The Holy Week hymnography was chosen as a case study for the rich and vast Byzantine hymnography. The analyses show different ways the Byzantine liturgists (i.e., hymnographers) incorporated and interpreted scriptural material, primarily Old Testament, in their hymns. Part II deals with liturgical exegesis and its key features and hermeneutical procedures. It also seeks to underline the differences between patristic biblical commentaries and Byzantine hymns, while advancing an analogy between liturgical exegesis and cubist art.
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Schneider, Robert A. Dignified Retreat. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826323.001.0001.
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Cardinal Richelieu, Louis XIII’s first minister and the architect of French absolutism, is often celebrated for his role in reviving the arts and letters in the crucial period in the formation of French classicism. This book looks less at him than at the writers and intellectuals themselves in the creation of a new culture distinguished by the rise of the French language over Latin and the emergence of a literary field. The author argues that even the French Academy, founded by Richelieu in 1635, was more the result of an already established literary and linguistic movement that he merely managed to co-opt. Dignified Retreat examines the work and activities of over one hundred writers and intellectuals, focusing especially on their place in the urban context of a revived Paris after several generations of religious warfare in the sixteenth century. The theme of “retreat”—a withdrawal from public engagement and certain modes of public expression—runs throughout the book as a leitmotif that captures the ambivalent position of these men (and a few women) of letters as they tried to establish the legitimacy of their calling outside the established institutions of the Church, the law, and the university. Building on the work of such French literary scholars and historians as Marc Fumaroli, Alain Viala, Hélène-Merlin Kajman, Christian Jouhaud, and others, Schneider offers a novel approach to this important period in French cultural history.