Journal articles: 'Exchangeable copper'

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Alekseev, S., I. Budnichenko, D. Husarova, Yu Dobrozhan, M. Ischenko, and S. Stanislaviv. "Preparation and Characterization of Reference Material for Determination the Total Content and Exchangeable Forms of Metallic Elements in Soils." Methods and Objects of Chemical Analysis 19, no. 2 (2024): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/moca.2024.59-66.

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Reference material of soil for determination of total content of copper, iron, manganese, nickel, and zinc, according to ISO 11466-2001, and for the operationally defined method of determination of exchangeable forms of these elements according to series of standards DSTU 4770, with ammonium acetate as an extractant is prepared and characterized. The studied material demonstrated sufficient homogeneity to exchangeable forms of metals and for the total content of copper, nickel, and zinc. The homogeneity of the material to manganese and iron is insufficient due to the presence of these metals in non-uniformly distributed magnetic microparticles (<10 μm). An interlaboratory experiment, performed to obtain assigned values of the sample characteristics, demonstrated sufficiently good agreement between the laboratories. An uncertainty of the assigned value corresponds to 30–50% for exchangeable forms of copper and nickel and 10–13% for exchangeable forms of iron, manganese, and zinc. An expanded uncertainty of assigned values of the total content of copper, nickel, and zinc is sufficient for the application of the material for methods validation and internal quality control.

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Nascimento, Clístenes Williams Araújo do, Renildes Lúcio Ferreira Fontes, and Adilson César Fortes Dias Melicio. "Copper availability as related to soil copper fractions in oxisols under liming." Scientia Agricola 60, no. 1 (February 2003): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162003000100025.

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The knowledge of the chemical forms of copper in soils and the relationships of these forms with soil copper availability are important for predicting the copper behavior in the soil-plant system. The present work studies the influence of liming on the available contents of copper as well as on the forms of copper fractions in six types of Oxisols. Soil samples, with and without liming, received copper at rates of 0.0, 20.0 and 40.0 mg dm-3 and remained incubated for 30 days. Then, available copper was extracted with Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3, DTPA and EDTA solutions, and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Additionally, soil samples were extracted in a sequential procedure to determine Cu in fractions of soil, as follows: exchangeable-Cu fraction, organic matter-Cu fraction, Mn oxide-Cu fraction, amorphous Fe oxide-Cu fraction, crystalline Fe oxide-Cu fraction, residual-Cu fraction, and the total Cu content in the soil. Soil samples to which Cu was added presented higher Cu retention in the organic matter fraction with a small percentage retained in the exchangeable-Cu fraction. Liming resulted in a decrease of Cu in the exchangeable and organic matter fractions and an increase in the Fe and Mn oxide fractions and in the residual fraction. Without liming, the organic matter fraction presented the highest contribution to Cu content found in the soil extracts obtained with all extractors, except EDTA. For treatments with liming, Cu contents in the organic matter fraction were better correlated to Cu contents in extracts obtained with DTPA and Mehlich-3.

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Salam, Abdul Kadir, Hery Novpriansyah, and Henrie Bucharie. "Metal Extractability Changes in Soils Under Thorny Amaranth." SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology 19, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v19i2.65456.

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The different forms of heavy metals may be significantly extracted from soils by plant roots. In a glasshouse experiment, the shifting of soil heavy metal forms under thorny amaranth was examined. To accomplish the research goal, thorny amaranth was planted for four weeks at field water content in soils with varying Cu and Zn contents. Copper and Zn levels in the soil were measured both before and after planting. High soil Cu and Zn levels reduced this plant's height and dry biomasses. Thorny amaranth considerably reduced the exchangeable and available Cu and Zn in the soil. The soil exchangeable and available Cu and Zn had a good correlation with the plant uptakes of these elements. Copper and Zn reductions by planting significantly lower than the available Cu and Zn. A significant portion of the soil exchangeable Cu and Zn shifted to stronger bonding during the incubation time. It was demonstrated that plants absorbed more Cu and Zn from forms different than the soil-exchangeable forms.

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Heissat, Sophie, Amélie Harel, Khémary Um, Anne-Sophie Brunet, Valérie Hervieu, Olivier Guillaud, Jerome Dumortier, Alain Lachaux, Elisabeth Mintz, and Muriel Bost. "Evaluation of the accuracy of exchangeable copper and relative exchangeable copper (REC) in a mouse model of Wilson’s disease." Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 50 (December 2018): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.06.013.

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5

Chen, Lingyuan, Touqeer Abbas, Lin Yang, Yao Xu, Hongyan Deng, Lei Hou, and Wenbin Li. "Effect of modified pomace on copper migration via riverbank soil in southwest China." PeerJ 9 (July 27, 2021): e11844. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11844.

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To explore the effects of modified pomace on copper migration via the soil on the banks of the rivers in northern Sichuan and Chongqing, fruit pomace (P) and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) modified P (EP) were evenly added (1% mass ratio) to the soil samples of Guanyuan, Nanbu, Jialing, and Hechuan from the Jialing River; Mianyang and Suining from the Fu River; and Guangan and Dazhou from the Qu River. The geochemical characteristics and migration rules of copper in different amended soils were simulated by column experiment. Results showed that the permeation time of copper in each soil column was categorized as EP-amended > P-amended > original soil, and the permeation time of amended soil samples at different locations was Jialing > Suining > Mianyang > Guangan > Dazhou > Nanbu > Guanyuan > Hechuan. Meanwhile, the average flow rate of copper in each soil column showed a reverse trend with the permeation time. Copper in exchangeable, carbonate, and iron–manganese oxide forms decreased with the increase of vertical depth in the soil column, among which the most evident decreases appeared in the carbonate-bonding form. The copper accumulation in different locations presented a trend of Jialing > Suining > Mianyang > Guangan > Dazhou > Nanbu > Guangyuan > Hechuan, and the copper content under the same soil showed EP-amended > P-amended > original soil. The copper proportion of the carbonate form was the highest in each soil sample, followed by the exchangeable form. The proportions of iron-manganese oxide and organic matter forms were relatively small. A significant correlation was observed between the cation exchange capacity and the copper content in exchangeable and carbonate forms. Moreover, total organic carbon and copper contents were negatively correlated.

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Schmitt, Françoise, Guillaume Podevin, Joël Poupon, Jérôme Roux, Pierre Legras, Jean-Marc Trocello, France Woimant, Olivier Laprévote, Tuan Huy NGuyen, and Souleiman El Balkhi. "Evolution of Exchangeable Copper and Relative Exchangeable Copper through the Course of Wilson's Disease in the Long Evans Cinnamon Rat." PLoS ONE 8, no. 12 (December 17, 2013): e82323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082323.

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7

Magalhães, Sulamirtes S. de A., and Oscarlina L. dos S. Weber. "Zinc and copper fractions in Oxisols of different textures fertilized with pig slurry." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 25, no. 6 (June 2021): 386–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n6p386-392.

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HIGHLIGHTS Higher concentrations of exchangeable Zn were found in areas with pig slurry application. No higher concentrations of Cu were found in the exchangeable fraction in areas using pig slurry. In all study areas, it was observed that more than 70% of Cu is in recalcitrant forms.

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8

Buckley, Wayne T., and Richard A. Vanderpool. "Analytical variables affecting exchangeable copper determination in blood plasma." BioMetals 21, no. 6 (June 11, 2008): 601–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10534-008-9146-7.

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9

Woimant, France, Nouzha Djebrani-Oussedik, and Aurélia Poujois. "New tools for Wilson’s disease diagnosis: exchangeable copper fraction." Annals of Translational Medicine 7, S2 (April 2019): S70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm.2019.03.02.

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10

Lazo, Andrea, Henrik Hansen, Pamela Lazo, and Claudia Gutiérrez. "Application of a Sequential Extraction Method for Analyzing Cu Distribution in Pre-Treated Mine Tailings after Electrodialytic Remediation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 4 (February 18, 2019): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040584.

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Mine tailings have been analyzed by a sequential extraction procedure after their pre-treatment with a leaching solution for 24 h and electrodialytic remediation during 15 days with a constant electric field of 2.7 V cm−1. Four leaching solutions were tested: H2SO4 + HNO3 (2:1 vol.) pH = 1.9; H2SO4 + HNO3 (2:1 vol) pH = 4.2; NH4Cl 0.8M, pH = 5.5 and 30% H2O2 adjusted to pH 2 with HNO3 1M + HCl 1M. After the treatment, the tailings were divided in six slices from anode to cathode. The highest removal efficiency of copper was obtained with H2SO4 + HNO3 pH = 1.9, which allows one to remove 67% of the copper in the total cell and 85% of the copper in the slice closest to anode. The same solution with pH = 4.2 allows one to remove 62% of the total copper. The analysis realized by the sequential extraction method indicates the easy removal of water-soluble and exchangeable fractions in all experiments, moreover, residual and sulfide are the less mobile fractions. The general trend was the movement of copper associated to different fractions from anode to cathode and its accumulation closest to the cathode in the case of exchangeable, Fe-Mn oxides and acid soluble fractions, possibly due to some precipitation of copper compounds associated with less acidic conditions.

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11

Beattie, John H., Martin D. Reid, Linda J. Harvey, Jack R. Dainty, Gosia Majsak-Newman, and Susan J. Fairweather-Tait. "Selective extraction of blood plasma exchangeable copper for isotope studies of dietary copper absorption." Analyst 126, no. 12 (November 14, 2001): 2225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b106349a.

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12

Nwaedozie, Jonathan Maduka, Femi Emmanuel Awe, and Ifeanyi Charles Aghanwa. "Nigerian Defence Academy Shooting Zone: Soil Speciation of the Kwanar-Doya Military Shooting Range, Kachia, Kaduna State, Nigeria." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 12 (December 23, 2020): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.12.1729.

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The speciation of toxic metals of Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn, Ni and As in Kwanar – Doya Shooting site of the Nigerian Army, Military Training, Base Camp, Kachia, Kaduna State, Nigeria was investigated. The soil physico-chemical parameters, total metal content and sequential extraction methods were determined in duplicates using standard methods. The pH ranged from 3.93–4.51, showing the high acidity of the soil and electro -conductivity gave a mean value of 0.11 ms / cm showing the poor nutrient value of the soil). While the mean total metals values were Zinc: 28.94 mg/kg, Nickel: 13.45mg/kg, Manganese: 78: 12 mg/kg, Lead: 40.6 mg/kg, Arsenic: 305 mg/kg, Chromium: 49.32 mg/kg, Cobalt: 162:50 mg/kg and copper: 7.3 mg/kg. All the metals were above the W.H.O permissible limit for toxic metals in soils except Zinc and Nickel. The sequential partitioning and distribution and variation of toxic metals in the various fractions of the Nigerian Defence Academy Shooting Range soil were in the following order: Cobalt: Residual > Bound to carbonate > Exchangeable > Organic > Fe – Mn Oxide Arsenic: Fe – Mn Oxide > Bound to carbonate > Residual > Organic > Chromium: Bound to carbonate > Exchangeable > Fe – Mn Oxide > Organic > Residual. Nickel: Fe – Mn Oxide > Exchangeable > Bound to carbonate > Residual > Organic. Manganese: Residual > Fe – Mn Oxide > Bound to carbonate > Organic > Exchangeable. Lead: Residual > Organic > Bound to carbonate > Exchangeable > Fe – Mn Oxide. Zinc: Fe – Mn Oxide > Residual > Organic > Bound to carbonate > Exchangeable. Copper: Residual > Fe – Mn Oxide > Exchangeable > Bound to carbonate > Organic. The Toxic metals speciation of the soil samples indicate that the toxic metals were predominately in the non-residual fractions suggestive of input by anthropogenic sources and human activities due to military exercise and are readily available for plant uptake. This could pose serious health risk to the military personnel using the training period. Thus phyto-remediation technique which is cheap and non-destructive is recommended to be applied to remedy the affected toxic metals in the soil for its continual use as a military training ground and also preserve the soil fertility for continued agricultural use of the area when there is no military operation.

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13

Nwaedozie, Jonathan Maduka, Femi Emmanuel Awe, and Ifeanyi Charles Aghanwa. "Nigerian Defence Academy Shooting Zone: Soil Speciation of the Kwanar-Doya Military Shooting Range, Kachia, Kaduna State, Nigeria." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 5, no. 12 (December 23, 2020): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2020.5.12.1729.

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The speciation of toxic metals of Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn, Ni and As in Kwanar – Doya Shooting site of the Nigerian Army, Military Training, Base Camp, Kachia, Kaduna State, Nigeria was investigated. The soil physico-chemical parameters, total metal content and sequential extraction methods were determined in duplicates using standard methods. The pH ranged from 3.93–4.51, showing the high acidity of the soil and electro -conductivity gave a mean value of 0.11 ms / cm showing the poor nutrient value of the soil). While the mean total metals values were Zinc: 28.94 mg/kg, Nickel: 13.45mg/kg, Manganese: 78: 12 mg/kg, Lead: 40.6 mg/kg, Arsenic: 305 mg/kg, Chromium: 49.32 mg/kg, Cobalt: 162:50 mg/kg and copper: 7.3 mg/kg. All the metals were above the W.H.O permissible limit for toxic metals in soils except Zinc and Nickel. The sequential partitioning and distribution and variation of toxic metals in the various fractions of the Nigerian Defence Academy Shooting Range soil were in the following order: Cobalt: Residual > Bound to carbonate > Exchangeable > Organic > Fe – Mn Oxide Arsenic: Fe – Mn Oxide > Bound to carbonate > Residual > Organic > Chromium: Bound to carbonate > Exchangeable > Fe – Mn Oxide > Organic > Residual. Nickel: Fe – Mn Oxide > Exchangeable > Bound to carbonate > Residual > Organic. Manganese: Residual > Fe – Mn Oxide > Bound to carbonate > Organic > Exchangeable. Lead: Residual > Organic > Bound to carbonate > Exchangeable > Fe – Mn Oxide. Zinc: Fe – Mn Oxide > Residual > Organic > Bound to carbonate > Exchangeable. Copper: Residual > Fe – Mn Oxide > Exchangeable > Bound to carbonate > Organic. The Toxic metals speciation of the soil samples indicate that the toxic metals were predominately in the non-residual fractions suggestive of input by anthropogenic sources and human activities due to military exercise and are readily available for plant uptake. This could pose serious health risk to the military personnel using the training period. Thus phyto-remediation technique which is cheap and non-destructive is recommended to be applied to remedy the affected toxic metals in the soil for its continual use as a military training ground and also preserve the soil fertility for continued agricultural use of the area when there is no military operation.

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14

Jeyakumar, P., P. Loganathan, S. Sivakumaran, C. W. N. Anderson, and R. G. McLaren. "Bioavailability of copper and zinc to poplar and microorganisms in a biosolids-amended soil." Soil Research 48, no. 5 (2010): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr09169.

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The effects of high concentrations of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in a soil treated with biosolids previously spiked with these metals on poplar (Populus deltoides × yunnanensis) were investigated in a pot trial. The total soil metal concentrations in the treatments were 12, 46, 137, and 226 mg Cu/kg and 25, 141, 433, and 686 mg Zn/kg. Copper accumulation was lower in poplar leaves than Zn and the maximum bioconcentration factor was 0.8 for Cu and 10 for Zn. Copper was not found to be toxic to plants at any level of application or to mycorrhiza up to 137 mg/kg, but it was found to be toxic to soil microorganisms at all levels of Cu addition. Copper application increased mycorrhiza colonisation up to 137 mg Cu/kg and root dry matter at 226 mg Cu/kg, but had no effect on leaf dry matter. Increasing Zn rate decreased all plant and soil parameters. Lower percentages of Cu in the soil exchangeable fraction, and a lower Cu2+ concentrations in soil solution relative to Zn indicated lower bioavailability of Cu. Dehydrogenase activity was reduced by 50% at total solution-phase Cu and Zn concentrations of 0.1 and 27 mg/L, respectively, and solid-phase exchangeable Cu and Zn concentrations of 5 and 169 mg/kg, respectively.

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Little, IP. "The use of a copper thiourea reagent for the determination of exchangeable basic cations in soils." Soil Research 27, no. 1 (1989): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9890117.

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A procedure for the rapid determination of basic exchangeable cations in soils that uses the copper(1) complex with thiourea is described and tested. The results obtained compared favourably with values obtained by displacement of cations with pH 8.5, 1M NH4Cl and 0.01 M silver thiourea.

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Gondek, K. "Contents of various forms of cadmium, copper, lead and chromium in soil after application of untreated and composted tannery sewage sludge." Plant, Soil and Environment 52, No. 5 (November 17, 2011): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3430-pse.

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Fertilization with tannery materials positively influenced the soil pH and increased the content of alkaline cations in soil. After four years of investigations organic carbon content decreased most in the soil fertilized with untreated sludge, mineral salts and in the control soil. Irrespective of fertilization used and year of studies cadmium occurred mainly in most mobile fractions (mobile, exchangeable and bound to manganese oxides). Copper was mainly bound in fractions less available to plants. After four years of studies an increase in mobile copper forms was registered in all treatment soils. Lead in the soil was present mainly in the form bound to organic matter and amorphous iron oxides. Distribution of lead points to the small share of this metal in the mobile and exchangeable forms, both immediately after fertilization applied and after four years of studies. Chromium became fixed in fractions less available to plants, mainly bound to iron oxides and in residual fraction. On the other hand, an apparent effect of fertilization with materials of tannery origin on this element total forms content was registered.

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Kamunde, Collins, Cheryl Clayton, and Chris M. Wood. "Waterborne vs. dietary copper uptake in rainbow trout and the effects of previous waterborne copper exposure." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 283, no. 1 (July 1, 2002): R69—R78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00016.2002.

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Juvenile rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to waterborne Cu (22 μg/l) in moderately hard water for up to 28 days. Relative to control fish kept at background Cu levels (2 μg/l), Cu-preexposed fish displayed decreased uptake rates of waterborne Cu via the gills but not of dietary Cu via the gut during 48-h exposures to64Cu-radiolabeled water and diet, respectively. At normal dietary and waterborne Cu levels, the uptake rates of dietary Cu into the whole body without the gut were 0.40–0.90 ng · g−1 · h−1, >10-fold higher than uptake rates of waterborne Cu into the whole body without the gills, which were 0.02–0.07 ng · g−1 · h−1. Previously Cu-exposed fish showed decreased new Cu accumulation in the gills, liver, and carcass during waterborne 64Cu exposures and in the liver during dietary 64Cu exposures. A 3-h gill Cu-binding assay showed downregulation of the putative high-affinity, low-capacity Cu transporters and upregulation of the low-affinity, high-capacity Cu transporters at the gills in Cu-preexposed fish. Exchangeable Cu pools in all the tissues were higher during dietary than during waterborne 64Cu exposures, and previous Cu exposure reduced waterborne exchangeable Cu pools in gill, liver, and carcass. Overall, these results suggest a quantitatively greater role for the dietary than for the waterborne route of Cu uptake, a key role for the gill in Cu homeostasis, and important roles for the liver and gut in the normal metabolism of Cu in fish.

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Ako, P. A. E., and B. Anegbe. "Total and Available Copper and Zinc in Soils Affected by Palm Oil Mill Effluent in Oghareki, Oghara Kingdom, Delta State, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 26, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 1049–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v26i6.8.

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This study evaluates the physicochemical characteristics, total and available copper and zinc in soils affected by four palm oil mills effluent (POME) of Oghareki in Oghara Kingdom, Delta State, Nigeria using standard methods. The results showed generally increased pH, organic matter, electrical conductivity, available phosphorus, exchangeable bases and cation exchange capacity (CEC), compared to the non-POME-contaminated soils. Concentrations of the exchangeable bases increased in the order, Na < Mg < K <Ca, in both the POME- and non-POME-soils. Data of total copper and zinc also revealed higher amounts in the POME soils. Total copper in POME- and non-POME-soils gave means of 0.232 and 0.212 mmol/kg, and 0.237 and 0.219 mmol/kg in respect of zinc, respectively, with no significant difference (P<0.05). The increased amounts of the different soil physicochemical parameters recorded in the POME-affected soils may be accounted for by their enhancement with every discharge of the effluent on one hand, and perhaps, the greater level of biodegradation and mineralization of the constituent organic matter, on the other. The study lends support to the view that raw palm oil mill effluent (POME) could alter the physicochemical properties of the receiving environment.

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Ubuoh, E. A., I. U. Uzonu, U. I. Uchendu, and F. C. Ndukauba. "Soil Nutrient Dynamics and Potentially Toxic Elements of Sand Mining Impacted Agrarian Land in Obowo, Southeastern Nigeria." March 2022 6, no. 1 (March 2022): 84–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2022.01.0329.

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The study assessed the effect of inland sand mining activities on the physicochemical properties and potentially toxic elements in soils in Umuna, Obowo LGA, Imo State, and Southeastern Nigeria. Triplicate soil samples were collected from soil depths ranging from 0-15, 15-30 cm) in eight traverse points and control. Points were designated soil sampling point (SSP) ranging between SSP1-SSP8 and control sample point (CSP1). The results of the particle distribution were in order of Sand ≥ Clay ≥ Silt, with Textural class ranging from sandy loams to loamy sandy. Chemical tracers: Soil pH ranged from 4.8 – 5.7 signifying moderate to strong acidity. The available P, Total N., SOC,SOM and BS ≤ control and Maximum Tolerable limits and FAO /World Reference Base. Effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) (cmol/kg) (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+), with mean Ca2+ 3.02, Mg2+, 0.64, K+ 0.09, Na+ 0.10 ≤ control respectively. Exchangeable acidity recorded 1.04 ≥ control, and CEC: 6.22 ≤ the control. Based on the ratings of soil nutrients for agricultural soil, the soil nutrients status of the sand mined sites ranged from very low to low status for total N(0.02 -0.04), avail. P (6.55-9.96), exchangeable K, (0.07-0.14), exchangeable Ca (2.25-3.55), and exchangeable Mg (0.25-0.85). Copper the mean value of 15.21, Lead: 12.20 and Cadmium (1.80) ≥ control (zero) above the FAO/WHO permissible levels respectively. Chromium (2.65) ≤ the FAO/WHO, limit. The potentially toxic heavy metals are in order of abundance in sand –mined soil: Cu ≥ Pb ≥ Cr ≥ Cd, with copper dominating the soil. The conservation of the area requires ecological restoration and regeneration of degraded mining site and the prohibition of mining activities as well as strict local control and enforcement of mining laws.

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Poujois, A., J. M. Trocello, N. Djebrani-Oussedik, J. Poupon, C. Collet, N. Girardot-Tinant, R. Sobesky, et al. "Exchangeable copper: a reflection of the neurological severity in Wilson's disease." European Journal of Neurology 24, no. 1 (October 14, 2016): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ene.13171.

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Sion, Alina, and Antoaneta Ene. "Sequential chemical extraction of copper from clay: an overview." Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati Fascicle II Mathematics Physics Theoretical Mechanics 45, no. 2 (December 12, 2022): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/ann-ugal-math-phys-mec.2022.2.03.

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In general, the total content of heavy metals and trace elements in soils is useful, but the speciation (bioavailability) is also in need for agricultural purpose, for example. The present paper studies the efficiency of some soil remediation treatments on soils polluted, especially with copper, by using sequential chemical extraction (SCE). Usually, SCE is fractioned, according to Tessier, in five fractions: exchangeable, carbonate bound, Fe and Mn oxide bound, organic matter bound and residual. Copper (Cu) is one of the contaminants found in many soils around the world. In small concentration, it is an essential microelement for plants and organisms, but in high concentrations, it is harmful for the entire ecosystem. Because the concentrations of Cu are associated with soil texture and several other parameters, many remediation soil treatments are based on organic mixture, by converting the element into a less exchangeable form, and thus less bioavailable. In this study, the efficiency of organic amendments such as organic matter (OM), zero-valent iron with organic matter (OMZ), dolomite (DL) and organic matter with dolomite (OMDL) are investigated. These treatments were applied on soils affected by Cu pollution. The results indicated that OMDL and OMZ treatments had the best efficiency on Cu pollution, by enhancing the stability of the element, decreasing the level of bioavailability.

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Dufey, J. E., and R. Braun. "Cation exchange capacity of roots: Titration, sum of exchangeable cations, copper adsorption." Journal of Plant Nutrition 9, no. 8 (August 1986): 1147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904168609363516.

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Venelinov, Tony I., John H. Beattie, Jack R. Dainty, Wendy J. Hollands, Susan J. Fairweather-Tait, and Linda J. Harvey. "Stable isotope pilot study of exchangeable copper kinetics in human blood plasma." Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 21, no. 2 (June 2007): 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2007.01.001.

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Guillaud, Olivier, Anne-Sophie Brunet, Isabelle Mallet, Jérôme Dumortier, Martine Pelosse, Sophie Heissat, Christine Rivet, Alain Lachaux, and Muriel Bost. "Relative exchangeable copper: A valuable tool for the diagnosis of Wilson disease." Liver International 38, no. 2 (August 23, 2017): 350–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/liv.13520.

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Trocello, Jean-Marc, Souleiman El Balkhi, France Woimant, Nadège Girardot-Tinant, Philippe Chappuis, Carla Lloyd, and Joël Poupon. "Relative exchangeable copper: A promising tool for family screening in Wilson disease." Movement Disorders 29, no. 4 (December 27, 2013): 558–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.25763.

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Laurén, Darrel Jon, and D. G. McDonald. "Influence of Water Hardness, pH, and Alkalinity on the Mechanisms of Copper Toxicity in Juvenile Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43, no. 8 (August 1, 1986): 1488–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f86-186.

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Juvenile rainbow trout were exposed to 25–400 μg copper∙L−1 for 24 h. Water hardness, pH, and alkalinity were varied independently at a constant [Na+]. Net and unidirectional sodium fluxes were measured in hard and soft, low-alkalinity water and in hard, high-alkalinity water at neutral pH and pH 5.0. In low alkalinity water, Na+ uptake (Jin) was inhibited at copper concentrations as low as 25 μg∙L−1, and sodium efflux (Jout) was stimulated above 100 μg∙L−1. High-alkalinity water significantly reduced the effects of copper on Jin and Jout, but there was no significant effect of increasing water hardness. The effects of pH 5.0 and copper were additive from 25 to 100 μg∙L−1, but a pure copper effect was found from 200 to 400 μg∙L−1. Fish died when they had lost about 50–55% of their exchangeable Na+ pool. Water hardness and alkalinity had no effect on the apparent uptake of copper, but copper uptake was reduced by about 50% at pH 5.0.

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Nóvoa-Muñoz, J. C., M. Arias-Estévez, C. Pérez-Novo, and J. E. López-Periago. "Diffusion-induced changes on exchangeable and organic bound copper fractions in acid soil samples enriched with copper." Geoderma 148, no. 1 (November 2008): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.09.009.

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Chen, Rong, Lu Zhou, Weizhuo Wang, Denghui Cui, Dongxue Hao, and Jingbo Guo. "Enhanced Electrokinetic Remediation of Copper-Contaminated Soil by Combining Steel Slag and a Permeable Reactive Barrier." Applied Sciences 12, no. 16 (August 9, 2022): 7981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12167981.

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Electrokinetic (EK) remediation methods can remove heavy metals from the soil, but the removal efficiency is generally low. In this paper, indoor remediation experiments of simulated copper-contaminated clay under four different types of electrolyte conditions (KCl, HAc, AC, and PASP (polyaspartic acid)) are carried out to validate the theory of an electrodynamically coupled steel slag permeability reactive wall (PRB). By comparison with EK remediation, it has been shown that the EK-PRB coupled remediation method can promote the removal of heavy metal copper in the soil, especially in the removal of reducible copper and exchangeable copper. The method can effectively avoid the increase in soil pH value and reduce the accumulation range of heavy metals while reducing the accumulation amount of heavy metals. This method has better energy utilization efficiency, and the unit energy consumption is smaller than the single electric remediation test.

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Jeyakumar, Paramsothy, Paripurnanda Loganathan, Sivalingam Sivakumaran, Christopher W. N. Anderson, and Ronald G. McLaren. "Copper and zinc spiking of biosolids: effect of incubation period on metal fractionation and speciation and microbial activity." Environmental Chemistry 5, no. 5 (2008): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en08031.

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Environmental context. Global sewage sludge (biosolids) production is increasing as a result of rapidly growing human population and ensuing industrial activities. Disposal of this waste is becoming a serious environmental issue because the high levels of heavy metals in biosolids can upset soil microbial activity and nutrient balance when the waste is added to forest or agricultural lands. In the present study, a biosolid matrix was spiked with copper and zinc as a model for an environmental scenario. The findings of the present study are applicable to environmental regulations that seek to protect agriculture land, human and animal health, and soil and drinking water quality, in scenarios where biosolids are applied to soil. Abstract. Biosolids were amended separately with three levels of copper and zinc sulfate, and anaerobically incubated for 117 days. Copper in the unamended-biosolids solid phase was mainly found in the organic and residual fractions (85–95%). Copper addition decreased the percentage of Cu in these fractions and increased the percentage of Cu in the oxide and specifically adsorbed fractions. Zinc in the solid phase was mainly associated with the oxide (35–65%), specifically adsorbed (25–30%), and the exchangeable fractions (10–40%). Relatively, all Cu in the solution phase was complexed with organic matter; Zn was present mainly as Zn2+ and as an electrically neutral ion pair, ZnSO40. Metals were almost completely incorporated into the biosolids matrix by Day 55. Dehydrogenase activity was reduced by 50% (EC50, effective concentration for 50% activity reduction) at the total solution-phase Cu and Zn concentrations of 0.1 and 20 mg L–1, respectively, and solid-phase exchangeable Cu and Zn concentrations of 410 and 670 mg kg–1, respectively.

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Deepthi, M., R. Sai Kumar, P. Ravi, and O. Sampath. "Soil Quality Assessment of Sesame-Growing Soils with Different Productivity in the Northern Telangana Zone, India." Archives of Current Research International 24, no. 3 (February 28, 2024): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/acri/2024/v24i3646.

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Present study was carried out in major sesame growing areas of Northern Telangana zone in districts namely; Nizamabad, Jagtial, Nirmal and Kamareddy. The main objective of this study is to assess the soil quality and to find out the relation between sesame yield and soil quality index. Based on the seed yield data of sesame, the above-mentioned districts were divided into high, medium and low productivity zones. 50 samples from each productivity zone with a total of 150 surface soil samples (0-15 cm were collected and analysed for various physical, physico-chemical, chemical and biological properties. Physical properties included texture, bulk density and water holding capacity. Physico-chemical properties like pH, EC and organic carbon were analysed. Chemical properties of soil namely available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, available sulphur, exchangeable bases like exchangeable calcium and magnesium, potassium and sodium, available micronutrients like iron, copper, manganese and zinc were analysed. Biological properties like urease, acid and alkaline phosphatase and labile carbon were analysed. Principal component analysis, minimum dataset was derived which contained available nitrogen, sand, pH, available phosphorus, exchangeable calcium and magnesium and urease with 70.81% variance. These are identified as the key indicators of soil quality. Mean soil quality index values were 0.669, 0.549 and 0.443 for high, medium and low sesame productivity zones respectively and is in the order of high>medium>low sesame productivity zones. Percent contribution of MDS to SQI are in the order of, available nitrogen (44.44%> pH (16.85% >exchangeable calcium (9.87%> exchangeable magnesium (8.89%> urease (7.86%> available phosphorus (7.38% > sand (4.89%. This study concluded that the SQI was more significantly positively correlated with sesame yield, which revealed that soil variables from the minimum data set had biological significance and effectively evaluated the status of the sesame growing soils of Northern Telangana Zone.

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KATTERLE, Bettina, Rudolf I. GVOZDEV, Ntei ABUDU, Torbjørn LJONES, and K. Kristoffer ANDERSSON. "A continuous-wave electron–nuclear double resonance (X-band) study of the Cu2+ sites of particulate methane mono-oxygenase of Methylococcus capsulatus (strain M) in membrane and pure dopamine β-mono-oxygenase of the adrenal medulla." Biochemical Journal 363, no. 3 (April 24, 2002): 677–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3630677.

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All methanotrophic bacteria express a membrane-bound (particulate) methane mono-oxygenase (pMMO). In the present study, we have investigated pMMO in membrane fragments from Methylococcus capsulatus (strain M). pMMO contains a typical type-2 Cu2+ centre with the following EPR parameters: gz 2.24, gx,y 2.06, ACuz 19.0mT and ACux,y 1.0mT. Simulation of the Cu2+ spectrum yielded a best match by using four equivalent nitrogens (AN = 1.5mT, 42MHz). Incubation with ferricyanide neither changed nor increased the amount of EPR-active Cu2+, in contrast with other reports. The EPR visible copper seems not to be part of any cluster, as judged from the microwave power saturation behaviour. Continuous-wave electron—nuclear double resonance (CW ENDOR; 9.4GHz, 5–20K) experiments at g⊥ of the Cu(II) spectrum show a weak coupling to protons with an AH of 2.9MHz that corresponds to a distance of 3.8Å (1Å≡0.1nm), assuming that it is a purely dipolar coupling. Incubation in 2H2O leads to a significant decrease in these 1H-ENDOR intensities, showing that these protons are exchangeable. This result strongly suggests that the EPR visible copper site of pMMO is accessible to solvent, which was confirmed by the chelation of the Cu2+ by diethyldithiocarbamic acid. The 1H and 14N hyperfine coupling constants confirm a histidine ligation of the EPR visible copper site in pMMO. The hyperfine structure in the ENDOR or EPR spectra of pMMO is not influenced by the inhibitors azide, cyanide or ammonia, indicating that they do not bind to the EPR visible copper. We compared pMMO with the type-2 Cu2+ enzyme, dopamine β-mono-oxygenase (DβM). For DβM, it is assumed that the copper site is solvent-accessible. CW ENDOR shows similar weakly coupled and 2H2O-exchangeable protons (2.9MHz), as observed in pMMO, as well as the strongly coupled nitrogens (40MHz) from the co-ordinating N of the histidines in DβM. In conclusion, the resting EPR visible Cu in pMMO is not part of a trinuclear cluster, as has been suggested previously.

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LAYBAUER, LUCIANO. "Influência da Mineração no Incremento e na Disponibilidade Geoquímica de Cobre em Sedimentos Fluviais - O Caso das Minas do Camaquã, RS, Brasil." Pesquisas em Geociências 23, no. 1-2 (December 31, 1996): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.21227.

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This work presents an analysis of copper contamination levels and copper availability in stream sediments of the João Dias Creek in the Minas do Camaquã region, caused by mineral exploitation. Fluvial sediments are predominantly sandy with less than 1% fine fraction (< 63µm), which leads to negligible amounts of environment available metals. The mean copper content in the CH3COONH4 (1M) exchangeable fraction of stream sediments showed an average availability around 7% in the region affected by mining operations. In background area this ratio is less than 2% and up to 13% in the sample point situaded downstream the sludge dam. The mean copper content in the HNO3 (0,1N) extractable fraction of stream sediments showed an average availability around 55% in the region affected by mining operations. In background area this availability is around 10% and reached 90% in the sludge dam. The pollution levels stablished by USEPA for sediments, the contamination factor (CF) and the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) determined in the fine fraction indicated a high copper contamination in the drainage segments affected by mining effluents.

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Geetha, T., and M. Balagopalan. "A comparative evaluation of the soil micronutrient status in eucalypt plantations of different rotations in Kerala." Indian Journal of Forestry 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2010-8jt9v6.

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A study was carried out in the South Indian Moist deciduous forest and Eucalypt plantations of different rotations in the Thrissur Forest Division Kerala to assess the micronutrient status of soils and the variation with rotation. Among the four micronutrients studied (exchangeable iron, copper, manganese and zinc), there was a significant increase in iron and a decrease in copper concentrations with subsequent rotations under Eucalyptus plantations in comparison to the natural forest of the region. As regards to the zinc and manganese, no significant difference was observed between soils under Eucalypt plantations and natural forest. A significant correlation was observed between iron and pH and organic carbon and also between manganese and organic carbon.

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Chang, Hao-Ching, Feng-Chun Lo, Wen-Chi Liu, Tsung-Han Lin, Wen-Feng Liaw, Ting-Shen Kuo, and Way-Zen Lee. "Ambient Stable Trigonal Bipyramidal Copper(III) Complexes Equipped with an Exchangeable Axial Ligand." Inorganic Chemistry 54, no. 11 (May 20, 2015): 5527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00603.

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Ning, Yinzhong, Xinmu Zhang, Binzhe Li, Yajing Wang, and Jingheng Guo. "Distribution of Cd and Cu Fractions in Chinese Soils and Their Relationships with Soil pH: A Meta-Analysis." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 11, 2019): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020337.

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Soil contamination by potentially toxic metals (PTMs) has become a public concern in China. However, the distribution and controlling factors of soil PTM fractions remain largely unknown, limiting our ability to assess their health risks and thus to make sound controlling polices. Here, we investigate the fraction distribution of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) in Chinese soils and their relationships with soil pH, based on a national meta-analysis of 163 published literatures. Exchangeable Cd in southern China accounted for 19.50 ± 14.97% of total Cd, significantly (p < 0.01) higher than the corresponding 13.42 ± 6.95% in northern China. Potentially available fractions constituted about 60% of total Cd at the national scale. By contrast, about half of soil Cu existed in unavailable residual fraction. Phytoavailable (i.e., exchangeable) fraction accounted for only 2.71 ± 1.65% and 2.54 ± 1.58% of total Cu in northern and southern China, respectively. Percentages of exchangeable Cd and Cu were negatively correlated (p < 0.01) with soil pH, while potentially available fractions increased significantly (p < 0.05) with soil pH. Our results provide the first national assessment of Cd and Cu fraction distribution and their responses to soil pH variations, highlighting the necessity to consider their fraction distribution and soil properties when assessing the health risks of soil PTM contamination in China.

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Hing, Lee Siang, Muhammad Nazirul Mubin Abd Halim Shah, Nurulnadia Mohd Yusoff, and Meng Chuan Ong. "FRACTIONATION OF As, Co, Cu AND Zn BY SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION IN SURFACE SEDIMENT OF KUALA TERENGGANU RIVER ESTUARY." Malaysian Journal of Applied Sciences 5, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/myjas.2020.5.2.267.

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Development and urbanization processes around Terengganu River estuary are expected to release a significant amount of heavy metals into the existing bottom sediment. However, information on how and why these metals are attached into specific fraction of sediments is still lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to explain the heavy metal concentration distribution in each available fraction at Terengganu River estuary. In this study, nine surface sediments originated from various human activities area in Terengganu River estuary were collected during four different sampling sessions in 2017. Heavy metal content from the collected sediments were extracted using 3-steps BCR sequential extraction method followed by detection using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass-Spectrometer (ICP-MS) and we discovered that the total concentration of Arsenic (As), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn) ranged from 2.18 to 17.48 mg/kg dry wt., 2.53 to 20.53 mg/kg dry wt., 1.01 to 13.13 mg/kg dry wt., and 6.10 to 65.71 mg/kg dry wt., respectively. Dominance of metals in each fraction can be arranged as follows: As: residual > reducible > exchangeable > oxidizable; Co: residual > exchangeable > reducible > oxidizable; Cu: residual > oxidizable > reducible > exchangeable; Zn: residual > exchangeable > reducible > oxidizable. Availability of metals in sediment at Terengganu River estuary is limited since that majority of metals resides in non-mobilisable fraction of the sediment. In essence, sequential extraction provides information regarding the metals’ fractionation, availability and mobility, which could be used in assessing the environmental contamination in the area.

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Shelyapina, Krylova, Zhukov, Zvereva, Rodriguez-Iznaga, Petranovskii, and Fuentes-Moyado. "Comprehensive Analysis of the Copper Exchange Implemented in Ammonia and Protonated Forms of Mordenite Using Microwave and Conventional Methods." Molecules 24, no. 23 (November 20, 2019): 4216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24234216.

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This article presents the results of a comprehensive study of copper-exchanged mordenite samples prepared from its ammonia and protonated forms (Si/Al = 10) using two different ion exchange methods: conventional and microwave (MW)-assisted. The protonated H-MOR-10 sample was obtained by calcination of commercial NH4MOR-10; in this case, a slight degradation of the mordenite framework was observed, but the resulting defects were partially restored after the first ion-exchange procedure of protons for copper ions. The level of copper exchange in the studied materials was found to be limited to 70%. Regardless of the exchange procedure, the replacement of ammonium or proton ions with copper led to a linear increase in the a/b ratio of cell parameters in accordance with an increase in the level of copper exchange, which means that all Cu2+ cations are ion-exchangeable and enter the main mordenite channel. Thermal analysis indicated a correlation between the replacement of various ammonium and hydroxyl groups by copper ions during the exchange treatment and their dehydroxylation energy during thermal decomposition. As a conclusion: MW-assisted treatment proved itself as an efficacious method for the synthesis of copper-exchanged mordenites, which not only significantly reduces preparation time but leads to a systematically higher copper exchange level.

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Abbas, Naje K., Hamzah A. Kadhim, and Bassam A. ‎ Al Abdul Aziz. "Study of Some Heavy Metals Concentrations from the Soil of Selected Areas at the ‎North Part of Basrah, Iraq." Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Sciences 37, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.58629/mjms.v37i2.321.

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The current study was conducted in the north of Basra to show the state of contamination and how it is affected by different pollutants. including heavy elements and some important environmental indicators of the soil. The study period extended from September 2021 to June 2022 to determine the concentrations of some heavy metals in the soil in (wet-dry) where six elements were estimated, namely zinc, copper, lead, nickel, cadmium, and Iron in the exchangeable phase and the residual phase of the soil Heavy elements have been extracted by standard methods and determined by using an atomic absorption spectrometer, as well as the determination of total carbon organic matter (TOC %) and soil texture. Total organic carbon results are shown in the current study in the soil, where the highest value of total organic carbon (TOC %) was recorded in the dry season in Al-Hawyer region station-1which has a value of 0.480 % and a rate of 0.207 % . The lowest value, was 0.02 % and recorded in the AL-Deer Nillage at station-5, with a rate of 0.183 % but the highest value of carbon in the total organic matter (TOC %) in the wet season was recorded in the Al-Nashwa region (0.615 %) at station with a rate of 0.355 % and the lowest value of 0.125 % was in the Al-Hawyer region station-1, and at a rate of 0.16%. The results of heavy metals for the study area in the soil in the dry season of the exchangeable phase showed that the highest rate of elements (zinc, copper, lead, nickel, cadmium and iron) 60.18, 53.37, 22.95, 57.86, 7.46 and 720 μg/g respectively and the lowest rates recorded were : 20.94, 15.01, 11.96, 23.81, 3.11 and 502.32 μg/g As for the results of heavy elements in the residual phase of the soil (zinc, copper, lead, nickel, cadmium and iron), it recorded the highest rates : 93.24, 20.78, 31.63, 77.82, 9.98 and 751 μg/g where the lowest recorded rates were : 47.29, 8.08, 17.19, 53.28, 9.98 and 550.86 μg/g respectively in the wet season. The heavy weight of the study area in the soil of the exchangeable phase showed that the highest rate of the elements zinc, copper, lead, nickel, cadmium, and iron was: 152.70, 25.35, 20.07, 88.32, 6.73, and 703 μg/g respectively, the lowest recorded rat 17.24, 2.03, 17.10, 20.11, 2.69 and 274 μg/g respectively. The results of heavy metals in the residual phase. The residual zinc element ranged rate between 5.04-41.84 μg/g while the copper element ranged from 0-23.99 μg/g and the lead element ranged from 12.16-24.22 μg/g as for nickel, it ranged between 39.73 and 62.95 μg/g and cadmium ranged from 5.31-10.70 μg/g finally rates of iron elements were also between 504.18 and 721 μg/g.

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Grohskopf, Marco A., Juliano C. Correa, Paulo C. Cassol, Rodrigo S. Nicoloso, and Dirceu M. Fernandes. "Copper and zinc forms in soil fertilized with pig slurry in the bean crop." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 20, no. 9 (September 2016): 823–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n9p823-829.

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ABSTRACT The application of pig slurry may have different influence on copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) dynamics in the soil compared with mineral fertilization. The aim of this research was to determine the different forms of Cu and Zn in soil and their uptake by bean plants in response to the application of mineral fertilizer and pig slurry (PS). The treatments were: mineral fertilizer (Cu and Zn oxides) and liquid pig slurry, at increasing rates (0/0, 1.7/6.0, 3.4/12.0 and 6.8/24.0 kg ha-1 Cu/Zn, respectively) applied in a Rhodic Kandiudox. PS increased the Cu content in soil in the exchangeable form, Fe oxides and residual, while the mineral fertilizer increased Cu contents in the fraction associated with soil organic matter. Soil Zn contents in the fractions available, exchangeable and SOM were highest under mineral fertilization, while in the soluble fraction the contents were highest under PS. The fertilizers had not impact on Cu and Zn contents associated with Al oxides, and these elements were mostly associated with Fe oxides in the soil. PS promoted the highest biomass production in shoots and roots of the bean plants, reflecting in the highest accumulation of Cu and Zn.

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Vityaz, Svetlana Nikolaevna, Marina Mikhailovna Kolosova, Maria Sergeevna Dremova, and Ekaterina Borisovna Rotkina. "Phytoremediation potential of flowering plants in relation to copper under the conditions of a model laboratory experiment." Samara Journal of Science 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.55355/snv2022112104.

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This paper describes the results of studying the phytoremediation potential of flowering plants in relation to copper ions in laboratory experiment conditions. The test crops were tansy-leaved phacelia, white mustard, small-flowered marigolds and a mixture of grasses consisting of red fescue, pasture ryegrass and meadow bluegrass in a ratio of 40%, 50%, 10% respectively. Under experimental conditions copper ions in concentrations of 2 and 10 MPC were introduced into the soil selected from the territory of agricultural lands (leached medium-sized heavy loamy chernozem with a high content of humus, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium and a low content of nitrate nitrogen, gross and mobile forms of copper). It has been found that all the selected crops accumulated copper ions from the soil to varying degrees, which makes them suitable for phytoremediation of agricultural lands planned for organic farming. The ability to accumulate copper ions increases in a row: white mustard small-flowered marigolds tansy-leaved phacelia a mixture of grasses. The maximum effect of phytoremediation of the soil in relation to copper ions has been revealed in the variant with a cereal mixture: the content of copper ions in the soil decreases by 38,8% when applying 2 MPC, by 47,8% when applying 10 MPC.

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Kuang-Chung, Yu, Ho Shien-Tsong, Chang Jiunn-Kae, Lai Sheue-Duan, and Wang Chao-Hsiung. "Correlations of water quality, sediments and benthic invertebrates in Ell-Ren River, Taiwan." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 10 (November 1, 1994): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0529.

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The correlations of benthic invertebrates, sediments and water quality were investigated at two stations in the Ell-Ren river of Taiwan by means of statistical analysis every two months during a one year period. A total of 8 aquatic insect species and 2 annelid species were collected. Based upon the statistical analyses, several significant correlations for the population of benthic invertebrates and heavy metal contents of sediment were found between Simulium sp. and “adsorptive and exchangeable” lead, Simulium sp. “bound to carbonates” copper as well as Baetis sp. and “bound to carbonates” chromium. Results of stepwise multiple regression indicated that the heavy metal contents of sediment could explain a considerable portion of the variance in the population of benthic invertebrates. “Adsorptive and exchangeable” lead accounted for 86.2% of the variance of the population of Simulium sp. while “Bound to carbonates” chromium retained 81.5% of the variance of the population of Baetis sp.

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Siotto, Mariacristina, and Rosanna Squitti. "Copper imbalance in Alzheimer’s disease: Overview of the exchangeable copper component in plasma and the intriguing role albumin plays." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 371 (September 2018): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2018.05.020.

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Makino, Tomoyuki, Syuichi Hasegawa, Yasuhiro Sakurai, Satoshi Ohno, Hirokatsu Utagawa, Yuji Maejima, and Kaori Momohara. "Influence of soil-drying under field conditions on exchangeable manganese, cobalt, and copper contents." Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 46, no. 3 (September 2000): 581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2000.10409123.

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Mohiuddin, Muhammad, Muhammad Irshad, Sadaf Sher, Faisal Hayat, Ammar Ashraf, Salman Masood, Sumera Bibi, Jawad Ali, and Muhammad Waseem. "Relationship of Selected Soil Properties with the Micronutrients in Salt-Affected Soils." Land 11, no. 6 (June 4, 2022): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11060845.

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The present study aimed to assess the relationship of soil properties in salt-affected soils. The soil samples were collected from 14 districts of Pakistan. Soil salinity and sodicity are the common features of the arid and semiarid regions. The effects of the salt’s interactions with soil micronutrients have not been well studied. Therefore, saline and non-saline soil samples were collected from different locations. The microelements (Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn) were fractionated into water-soluble, exchangeable, carbonate, Fe + Mn oxide, organic, and residual fractions. Univariate and multivariate analysis (PCA) was carried out to determine the linear relationship between soil properties and micronutrients fractions. Results showed that the magnitude of micronutrients appeared to be affected by the salinity in soils. In saline soil, the Fe fractions differed in the order of residual > organic bound > Fe + Mn bound > carbonate bound > exchangeable > water soluble. Iron fractions varied in the non-saline soils as residual > Fe + Mn bound > organic bound > exchangeable > carbonate bound > water soluble. Copper concentration was higher in the residual and carbonate forms, and the amount was lower in the exchangeable and water-soluble forms under both saline and non-saline conditions. The water-soluble Mn fraction was lower, and the residual Mn fraction was proportionately higher than other forms of Mn in soils. Zinc was found mostly in the residual fraction in both saline and non-saline soils. The mobility factor of micronutrients in non-saline soil was greater than in saline soil. PCA revealed that organic matter (OM) and pH directly affected the fractionation of Cu, Mn, Zn, and Fe in soil. Thus, it could be inferred that salts can bring changes to the composition of micronutrients depending on the nature of the soil and the magnitude of salts.

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Lazo, Andrea, Pamela Lazo, Alejandra Urtubia, María Gabriela Lobos, Claudia Gutiérrez, and Henrik K. Hansen. "Copper Analysis by Two Different Procedures of Sequential Extraction after Electrodialytic Remediation of Mine Tailings." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 17, 2019): 3957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203957.

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The analysis of Cu distribution in pre-treated mine tailings after electrodialytic remediation was carried out by using two methods of sequential extraction. The initial content of copper in the tailings was 1109 mg Cu/kg of dry tailing, where close to 40% of the sample in weight corresponded to a soluble fraction. The tailing was treated with a leaching solution for 24 h. Three different solutions were tested: H2SO4 + HNO3 with pH = 1.9; H2SO4 + HNO3 with pH = 4.2; and NH4Cl 0.8 mol/L with pH = 5.5. After that, electrodialytic remediation experiments were carried out using an electric field of 2.7 V/cm for 15 days. The best performance for the complete cell was obtained with H2SO4 + HNO3 solutions, with a copper removal efficiency in the range of 62% to 67% and a current efficiency between 6% and 9%. The results of the remaining copper concentration between anode and cathode, from both procedures of sequential extraction, showed similar trends. The differences were mainly attributed to the use of different extractant solutions and extraction times. Soluble and exchangeable fractions were easily removed, with efficiencies higher than 80%. The lowest copper removal efficiency was obtained with NH4Cl 0.8 mol/L.

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Wang, Chong Chen, Ying Wei Sun, Peng Wang, and Yi Sun. "The Assessment on Heavy Metals Pollution of the Sediments in Tonghuihe River." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.191.

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Species Distribution Characteristics of heavy metal elements, like copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), in the sediment of the Tonghuihe River were studied. The results reveal that there are much difference for each heavy metal, wherein the zinc and lead exists mainly in residual form; copper exist in FeMnOx and carbonates; cadmium mainly exists as exchangeable and carbonates forms, while its residual form content is much less. And the potential pollution risks resulted from heavy metal in the sediments were evaluated respectively by Index of Geo-accumulation (Igeo) and the Potential Ecological Index (RI). It is concluded that the degree of contamination evaluated using the Igeo method is Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb; and the results assessed by RI reveal that the potential contamination risk is Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn.

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Alshaeghli1, Hiba Abd albast Hashim, Riadh Abas Abdul Jabar, and Hussain Hassan Kharnoob2. "Distribution of some heavy metals in the sediments of Tigris river from sewage of Thermal Electrical Station at Baiji City in Salah-aldin Governorate-Iraq." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 25, no. 1 (February 2, 2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/j.v25i1.935.

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This study was conducted to determine four heavy metals including copper, zinc, lead and cadmium in the sediments of the Tigris river for a distance of 3,500 km for the time period autumn2012 – summer 2013.This is the first time that such a study carried out by the river sediments so studies on the Tigris river about sequential extraction to compare them with the results of the research not available, total concentrations recorded of Cu )11.23-12.1)µg/g, Zn (39.6-41.03) µg/g, Pb (115.82-117.34) µg/g,Cd (4.1-4.34) µg/g dry weight, the distribution in the sediment layers, exchangeable metal ion recorded of Cu (0.42-0.44) µg/g, Zn (0.32-0.33) µg/g, Pb (0.22-0.25) µg/g, Cd (0.15-0.17) µg/g dry weight, and layer of carbonate bound of Cu( 1.6-1.63) µg/g ,Zn (4.47-6.71) µg/g, Pb (0.2-0.22) µg/g , Cd (1.44-2.17) µg/g dry weight, and the metal layer of Cu (1.26-1.41) µg/g, Zn (15.84-17.07) µg/g, Pb (46.38-49.46) µg/g, Cd (1.9-2.17) µg/g dry weight, concentration of organic layer Cu (7.85-8.67) µg/g, Zn (17.63-17.96) µg/g, Pb (68.57-67.48) µg/g, Cd (0.58-0.86) µg/g dry weight. The arrangement of total concentration Pb>Zn>Cu>Cd (4,42-12,09-41,69-116,88) µg/g dry weight. Distribution of Cu organic layer> carbonate bound> metal layer> exchangeable metal ion (8,41-1,78-1.52-0.35) µg/g dry weight, Zn metal layer> organic layer> carbonate bound> exchangeable metal ion (18.99-17,58-5.52-0.29) µg/g dry weight, Pb organic layer>metal layer> exchangeable metal ion> carbonate bound (66.42-49.81-0.22-0.2) µg/g dry weight, Cd metal layer> carbonate bound> organic layer> exchangeable metal ion (2.02-1.87-0.91-0.18) µg/g dry weight .The high concentration recorded in four station, these results indicated that the possibility of using sequential extraction for the detection of the distribution of metals and determine the impact of diversity through release them to the aquatic environment, all concentration mentioned are rate they aren’t single value. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.25.2020.010

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Hiba Abd albast Hashim Alshaeghli, Riadh Abas Abdul Jabar, and Hussain Hassan Kharnoob. "Distribution of some heavy metals in the sediments of Tigris river from sewage of Thermal Electrical Station at Baiji City in Salah-aldin Governorate-Iraq." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 25, no. 1 (February 2, 2020): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v25i1.213.

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Abstract:

This study was conducted to determine four heavy metals including copper, zinc, lead and cadmium in the sediments of the Tigris river for a distance of 3,500 km for the time period autumn2012 – summer 2013.This is the first time that such a study carried out by the river sediments so studies on the Tigris river about sequential extraction to compare them with the results of the research not available, total concentrations recorded of Cu )11.23-12.1)µg/g, Zn (39.6-41.03) µg/g, Pb (115.82-117.34) µg/g,Cd (4.1-4.34) µg/g dry weight, the distribution in the sediment layers, exchangeable metal ion recorded of Cu (0.42-0.44) µg/g, Zn (0.32-0.33) µg/g, Pb (0.22-0.25) µg/g, Cd (0.15-0.17) µg/g dry weight, and layer of carbonate bound of Cu( 1.6-1.63) µg/g ,Zn (4.47-6.71) µg/g, Pb (0.2-0.22) µg/g , Cd (1.44-2.17) µg/g dry weight, and the metal layer of Cu (1.26-1.41) µg/g, Zn (15.84-17.07) µg/g, Pb (46.38-49.46) µg/g, Cd (1.9-2.17) µg/g dry weight, concentration of organic layer Cu (7.85-8.67) µg/g, Zn (17.63-17.96) µg/g, Pb (68.57-67.48) µg/g, Cd (0.58-0.86) µg/g dry weight. The arrangement of total concentration Pb>Zn>Cu>Cd (4,42-12,09-41,69-116,88) µg/g dry weight. Distribution of Cu organic layer> carbonate bound> metal layer> exchangeable metal ion (8,41-1,78-1.52-0.35) µg/g dry weight, Zn metal layer> organic layer> carbonate bound> exchangeable metal ion (18.99-17,58-5.52-0.29) µg/g dry weight, Pb organic layer>metal layer> exchangeable metal ion> carbonate bound (66.42-49.81-0.22-0.2) µg/g dry weight, Cd metal layer> carbonate bound> organic layer> exchangeable metal ion (2.02-1.87-0.91-0.18) µg/g dry weight .The high concentration recorded in four station, these results indicated that the possibility of using sequential extraction for the detection of the distribution of metals and determine the impact of diversity through release them to the aquatic environment, all concentration mentioned are rate they aren’t single value.

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Piwińska, Dorota, and Renata Gruca–Rokosz. "The content of selected heavy metals and their bioavailable fraction in sediments of Solina Reservoir (Poland)." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400143.

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Research on sediments of Solina Reservoir, Poland, were characterized by a content of copper higher than other heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cd and Zn). The strongest correlations between pairs of heavy metals were Zn–Cu and Ni–Cr, were revealed while there was also a correlation between total contents of chromium and nickel, and between pH value and sediment percentage of organic matter. The content of copper at levels exceeding the geochemical background (more than 20–fold), sediments could only by classified as of the 3rd purity class (according to the PIG criterion) or the 5th purity class (according to Müller’s classification). Ecotoxicological criteria indicate that levels of chromium, copper, nickel and cadmium are all high enough to affect aquatic life. However, the heavy metals analyzed differ in their mobility and bioavailability. The highest percentage value for the ion–exchangeable fraction was noted for cadmium, the lowest for chromium. This means that sediments have a greater capacity to release cadmium into the water column, with the consequence being secondary pollution source for the aquatic ecosystem.

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Hagiri, Masahide, Ryuya Watanabe, Ami Hiruta, and Keita Kashima. "Modification of Copper (II) Ion-exchange Properties of Freestanding Alginate Membrane by Embedding with Zeolite." MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133304009.

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Insolubilized alginate membranes were obtained by crosslinking alginate with calcium ions, and alginate membranes embedded with zeolite in order to improve their ion exchange capacities were also successfully prepared. The alginate membranes were ion exchangeable due to the release of crosslinking ions, and showed an ion exchange capability for copper (II) ions that was comparable to that for alginate hydrogel beads. Additionally, while both the insolubilized alginate membranes and the zeolite-embedded membrane exhibited ion-exchange abilities, additional ion-exchange capacities was imparted by embedding zeolite in the latter. However, it was also found that embedding partially inhibits the ion-exchange capacities of the zeolite contained therein.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Exchangeable copper'

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