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Mrzygłod, Urszula, and Sabina Nowak. "Stock Exchanges Go Public. The Case of Warsaw Stock Exchange." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 6, no. 2 (November 20, 2013): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2013/6-2/10.
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PRDIĆ, NEDELJKO. "STOCK EXCHANGE INDICES AS AN INVESTMENT INDICATOR." Kultura polisa, no. 44 (March 8, 2021): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51738/kpolisa2021.18.1r.4.02.
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Stock exchanges are such specialised market institutions where standardised and tradable goods are traded and exchanged, which means precisely defining the quality and all other performances of goods. Trading is enabled by stock exchange customs and strict rules within the law. Stock exchange indices are the basic indicator of the importance of the stock market in the market on the basis of which decisions on investments in the stock market are made. The aim of this paper is to systematise the knowledge about the historical role of commodity exchanges on the market, but also to indicate the importance of the development of information technologies on the modern significance of stock exchanges. The results of the research show that stock exchange indices are the basic indicator of the state and development of the commodity market and investment tendencies. The conclusion is that stock exchange indices are an important factor in the development of the commodity market with special emphasis on their importance in agriculture. They are an indicator of economic trends and an indicator of investment.
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Roto, Roto, Iqmal Tahir, and Umi Nur Sholikhah. "SYNTHESIS OF HYDROTALCITE Zn-Al-SO4 AS ANION EXCHANGER AND ITS APPLICATION TO TREAT OF POLLLUTANT CONTAINED HEXACYANOFERRAT(II)." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 3 (June 17, 2010): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21583.
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Synthesis of Zn-Al-SO4 hydrotalcite and its application as anion exchanger for hexacyanoferrat (II) have been studied. Synthesis of Zn-Al-SO4 hydrotalcite was carried out by stoichiometric method and hydrothermal treatment. Sulphate in hydrotalcite interlayer was exchanged by hexacyanoferrat (II) that was assumed as pollutant. Kinetics of ion exchange was also investigated. The product of ion exchange was characterized by XRD, IR spectrophotometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. Zn-Al-SO4 hydrotalcite can be obtained by stoichiometric method at pH 8 and followed by hydrothermal treatment. The chemical formula of the hydrotalcite was Zn0.74Al0.26(OH)1.74(SO4)0.13.0.52H2O. The hexacyanoferrat (II) anion could exchange sulphate in hydrotalcite interlayer as showed by IR spectra and XRD patterns. The anion exchange capacity was 645.35 meq/100 g, and the kinetics of ion exchange reaction was first order with k = 5 x 10-5 s-1. It showed that Zn-Al-Fe(CN)6 could be regenerated easily, so it has been regenerate frequently. Keywords: hydrotalcite, anion exchanger, hexacyanoferrat
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Santos, Jader, André Timpanaro, and Gabriel Landi. "Joint Fluctuation Theorems for Sequential Heat Exchange." Entropy 22, no. 7 (July 12, 2020): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22070763.
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We study the statistics of heat exchange of a quantum system that collides sequentially with an arbitrary number of ancillas. This can describe, for instance, an accelerated particle going through a bubble chamber. Unlike other approaches in the literature, our focus is on the joint probability distribution that heat Q 1 is exchanged with ancilla 1, heat Q 2 is exchanged with ancilla 2, and so on. This allows us to address questions concerning the correlations between the collisional events. For instance, if in a given realization a large amount of heat is exchanged with the first ancilla, then there is a natural tendency for the second exchange to be smaller. The joint distribution is found to satisfy a Fluctuation theorem of the Jarzynski–Wójcik type. Rather surprisingly, this fluctuation theorem links the statistics of multiple collisions with that of independent single collisions, even though the heat exchanges are statistically correlated.
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Shaimerdenova, К. М., E. R. Schrager, A. S. Tussypbaeva, and Zh K. Nausharban. "Investigation of heat exchange processes in vertically arranged heat exchangers." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Physics" Series 94, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2019ph2/66-72.
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Langer, G. A., and T. L. Rich. "A discrete Na-Ca exchange-dependent Ca compartment in rat ventricular cells: exchange and localization." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 262, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): C1149—C1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1992.262.5.c1149.
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Application of a new rapid perfusion (up to 4.8 ml/s) technique to 45Ca-labeled ventricular cells from adult rat heart has defined a discrete intracellular calcium (Ca) compartment with the following characteristics: 1) its exchange is absolutely dependent on operation of the Na-Ca exchanger, i.e., its isotopic content remains constant during washout in the absence of Na and Ca and is released only upon addition of Na and Ca to the perfusate. 2) At an extracellular Ca concentration of 1.0 mM it contains 350 mumol/kg dry wt cells and exchanges with half time of 650 ms. Ca flux from the compartment is 385 mumol.kg dry wt-1.s-1 or 20% of the total nonperfusion limited flux from the cells. 3) Its content is decreased 19% by 10 mM caffeine but not diminished by exposure of the cells to 10(-6) M ryanodine and not accessible to lanthanum (La) displacement. 4) Only limited exchange occurs when only Na or Ca is present and exchange is virtually eliminated by substitution of extracellular Li for extracellular Na. 5) Replacement of Na and Ca to the perfusate after various periods of removal produces no contraction (despite immediate Ca release from the cell). The results define a discrete intracellular Ca compartment which exchanges only via the Na-Ca exchanger. It is not La accessible, not in the ryanodine- or caffeine-sensitive portions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, not in the mitochondria nor at the myofilaments, but may reside at inner sarcolemmal leaflet binding sites.
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Confalonieri, Giorgia, Giovanna Vezzalini, Filippo Quattrini, Simona Quartieri, Catherine Dejoie, and Rossella Arletti. "Ce-exchange capacity of zeolite L in different cationic forms: a structural investigation." Journal of Applied Crystallography 54, no. 6 (November 25, 2021): 1766–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576721010827.
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Cerium exchange by microporous materials, such as zeolites, has important applications in different fields, for example, rare earth element recovery from waste or catalytic processes. This work investigated the Ce-exchange capacity of zeolite L in three different cationic forms (the as-synthesized K form and Na- and NH4-exchanged ones) from a highly concentrated solution. Chemical analyses and structural investigations allowed determination of the mechanisms involved in the exchanges and give new insights into the interactions occurring between the cations and the zeolite framework. Different cation sites are involved: (i) K present in the original LTL in the cancrinite cage (site KB) cannot be exchanged; (ii) the cations in KD (in the 12-membered ring channel) are always exchanged; while (iii) site KC (in the eight-membered ring channel) is involved only when K+ is substituted by NH4 +, thus promoting a higher exchange rate for NH4 + → K+ than for Na+ → K+. In the Ce-exchanged samples, a new site occupied by Ce appears in the centre of the main channel, accompanied by an increase in the number of and a rearrangement of H2O molecules. In terms of Ce exchange, the three cationic forms behave similarly, from both the chemical and structural point of view (exchanged Ce ranges from 38 to 42% of the pristine cation amount). Beyond the intrinsic structural properties of the zeolite L framework, the Ce exchange seems thus also governed by the water coordination sphere of the cation. Complete Ce recovery from zeolite pores was achieved.
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Tlabela, Kholadi, Anneli Douglas, and Felicité Fairer-Wessels. "Generating Opportunities For Tourism Businesses Through Information Exchanges with Visitor Information Centres in South Africa." African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, no. 11(1)2022 (February 28, 2022): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.222.
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Information exchange is a process through which information, experience and skills are exchanged among stakeholders. While previous studies acknowledge that Visitor Information Centres (VICs) exchange information with various stakeholders, it remains unclear how this exchange contributes to economic opportunities for tourism businesses. The objective of the study is therefore to ascertain whether the information that VICs and tourism businesses exchanges contributes to economic opportunities. A survey was distributed to tourism businesses listed in the databases of government-owned VICs in South Africa. The results show that VICs and tourism businesses exchange information and that this exchange generates economic opportunities for businesses. The results also identify factors in the information exchange process that are predictors of economic opportunities. Based on the results, VIC staff should use the exchange of information as a platform through which they may generate economic opportunities for businesses. In their exchange of information, VIC staff should understand the information needs of tourism businesses and provide them with visitor-support information that is extensive, useful and according to their preferences. Consequently, staff can contribute to government’s plan of improving the lives of businesses in areas in which they operate.
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Ausubel, Lawrence M., and Thayer Morrill. "Sequential Kidney Exchange." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 6, no. 3 (August 1, 2014): 265–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.6.3.265.
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The traditional literature on kidney exchange assumes that all components of the exchange must occur simultaneously. Unfortunately, the number of operating rooms required for concurrent surgeries poses a significant constraint on the beneficial exchanges that may be attained. The basic insight of this paper is that incentive compatibility does not require simultaneous exchange; rather, it requires that organ donation occurs no later than the associated organ receipt. Using sequential exchanges may relax the operating room constraint and thereby increase the number of beneficial exchanges. We show that most benefits of sequential exchange can be accomplished with only two concurrent operating rooms. (JEL D47, I11)
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Llamas-Guzmán, Luz P., Elena Lazos Chavero, Hugo R. Perales Rivera, and Alejandro Casas. "Seed Exchange Networks of Native Maize, Beans, and Squash in San Juan Ixtenco and San Luis Huamantla, Tlaxcala, Mexico." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 23, 2022): 3779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14073779.
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Seed exchange networks among farmers favor circulation of crop varieties and have been discussed as an effective means of crop diversity conservation. This study aims to document the processes and structure of seed exchange networks of native maize, beans, and squash among farmers and other participating sectors (local market or seed banks), analyzing their influence on agrobiodiversity conservation in the municipalities of Ixtenco and Huamantla, in the Mexican state of Tlaxcala. Through interviews, questionnaires, and social network analysis, nodal farmers were identified. In the maize network, five nodal farmers were detected, the blanco maize being the most commonly exchanged seed. In the bean network, three nodal farmers were identified, with amarillo beans as the most exchanged seed. In the squash network, no nodal farmer was identified. For maize and beans, the greater the number of exchanges, the greater the varieties exchanged. The local market of Huamantla and the Vicente Guerrero seed bank are relevant seed sources. The nodal farmers propitiate circulation of a large number of seed varieties in the exchange networks and contribute to maintenance and conservation of agrobiodiversity.
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Morea, Gregory F. "The Establishment and Management of a Production Data Exchange Group." Journal of Ship Production 21, no. 02 (May 1, 2005): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2005.21.2.73.
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The design and construction of any marine vessel designed on a computer-assisted design (CAD) system, from a nuclear aircraft carrier to the smallest work boat, requires the interaction of many electronic databases, all of which must be continually updated for the work to proceed. The exchange of this information, especially geometry, in digital format is accomplished using many different tools and techniques. Much has been presented to the marine community about the tools used, such as the Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES) and the Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP), and how these tools might be used for exchanges in the future, but little has been presented on how production data exchanges actually occur. At Electric Boat, current submarine programs cannot wait for future data transfer solutions. Design and construction data must be exchanged among various activities, internal and external, with such volume as to make manual reentry of data an unrealistic solution. Because of the complexities associated with the electronic exchange of these data, the General Dynamics (GD) Marine organization of Electric Boat has a dedicated group that both performs production data exchanges and researches and implements new methods of electronic transfer. This paper discusses the rationale for and the formation of the data exchange group at Electric Boat, along with its place within GD Marine. It then presents an overview of the tools used by the group and how production transfers occur, both routine and unique. Notable transfers provide examples of how the group works to solve transfer problems. Importantly, this paper shows how many of the exchange standards developed for the marine industry actually work in production. Special emphasis will be placed on the exchange of solid models in a day-to-day environment. The paper concludes with a look at the future of production data exchanges for Electric Boat and the larger marine industry.
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Vest, Joshua R., and Kosali Simon. "Hospitals’ adoption of intra-system information exchange is negatively associated with inter-system information exchange." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 25, no. 9 (May 30, 2018): 1189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy058.
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Abstract Introduction U.S. policy on interoperable HIT has focused on increasing inter-system (ie, between different organizations) health information exchange. However, interoperable HIT also supports the movement of information within the same organization (ie, intra-system exchange). Methods We examined the relationship between hospitals’ intra- and inter-system information exchange capabilities among health system hospitals included in the 2010-2014 American Hospital Association’s Annual Health Information Technology Survey. We described the factors associated with hospitals that adopted more intra-system than inter-system exchange capability, and explored the extent of new capability adoption among hospitals that reported neither intra- or inter-system information capabilities at baseline. Results The prevalence of exchange increased over time, but the adoption of inter-system information exchange was slower; when hospitals adopt information exchange, adoption of intra-system exchange was more common. On average during our study period, hospitals could share 4.6 types of information by intra-system exchange, but only 2.7 types of information by inter-system exchange. Controlling for other factors, hospitals exchanged more types of information in an intra-system manner than inter-system when the number of different inpatient EHR vendors in use in health system is larger. Conclusion Consistent with the U.S. goals for more widely accessible patient information, hospitals’ ability to share information has increased over time. However, hospitals are prioritizing within-organizational information exchange over exchange between different organizations. If increasing inter-system exchanges is a desired goal, current market incentives and government policies may be insufficient to overcome hospitals’ motivations for pursuing an intra-system-information-exchange-first strategy.
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Patel, Divyang, and Nikita Kagalwala. "The Impact of Exchange Rate on Indian Stock Exchanges like BSE & NSE." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 10 (June 1, 2012): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/oct2013/160.
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Vachon, D. T. "Removal of Iron Cyanide from Gold Mill Effluents by Ion Exchange." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 2-3 (February 1, 1985): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0140.
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Using a strongly basic anion exchanger (Rohm & Haas Amberlite IRA-958) laboratory ion exchange tests were conducted on the removal of iron cyanide from synthetic and actual gold mill effluents. Variables examined included the effects of pH, concentration and hydraulic loading of the feed on the resin exchange capacity and resin column utilization. The results showed ion exchange to be an effective method of removing iron cyanide to concentrations of less than 3 mg/L. Tests with synthetic gold mill effluents gave resin exchange capacities ranging from 13 to 34 mg CNFe/mL resin depending on the concentration of iron, copper and zinc cyanides in these solutions. When raw barren bleed was tested, an exchange capacity for the ferro/ferricyanides was determined to be ~6 to 8 mg CNFe/mL resin. For chlorinated barren bleed, a resin exchange capacity of 14 mg CNFe/mL resin was observed. A capacity of 19 mg CNFe/mL resin was achieved for tailings pond decant. Regeneration with 15% NaCl provided mixed results with recoveries ranging from 40 to 100% of the iron cyanide exchanged by the resin. Upon multiple exchange-regeneration cycles, the resin lost 25% of the exchange capacity for total cyanide during the first cycle. Subsequently, the loss in exchange capacity was approximately 1% per cycle. Pilot scale tests were considered essential prior to full scale system design.
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Thibodeaux, Suzanne, Leah Irwin, Lita Jamensky, Kevin Schell, and Una O'Doherty. "More Efficient Exchange of Sickle Red Blood Cells Can be Achieved By Exchanging the Densest Red Blood Cells." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 3856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3856.3856.
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Abstract Background: In sickle cell disease, it is well established that cells containing two mutated hemoglobins (SS) are denser than cells containing wild-type hemoglobin. We asked whether we could more efficiently exchange red blood cells (RBCs) in sickle cell anemia patients by exploiting the denser property of RBCs containing hemoglobin SS compared to wild-type RBCs. Methods: To probe this question, we performed a series of experiments using the waste bags from sickle cell patients as simulated patients. We exchanged the simulated patient with one RBC volume using recently expired ABO compatible RBC units on a COBE Spectra apheresis instrument. We measured hematocrit and hemoglobin S levels in the simulated and control patient bag before and after the exchange. In the experimental scenario, we programmed the COBE Spectra to exchange the bottom half of the RBCs by indicating that the hematocrit was half of the true hematocrit (e.g. 21% when the hematocrit of the bag was 42%). For control exchanges we programmed the COBE Spectra to exchange the entire RBC volume by programing the hematocrit to be the true one (for this example 42%). Results: The percentage of hemoglobin S was more effectively diminished in our modified exchanges that targeted dense RBCs than in control exchanges. Our experimental exchanges were also more effective than expected for a 1 red blood cell volume exchange by Poisson calculation (n=5). In an optimized experiment, hemoglobin S was reduced from 23.7% to 1.3 % after exchanging 1 RBC volume using our modified approach while it was reduced from 23.2 to 5.4% using the control or routine exchange parameters. The same volume of donor RBCs (1 RBC volume) was used to exchange our experimental and control simulations. We obtained a 95% reduction of hemoglobin S in our experimental conditions and a 77% reduction in our control conditions. The instrument was programmed to compensate for RBC depletion with the modified RBC exchange. The compensation is necessary to maintain a constant hematocrit since more RBCs are present in the bottom half than top half of the centrifuged RBCs. Conclusions: It is possible to exchange sickle cell anemia patients more effectively by taking advantage of the fact that RBCs containing hemoglobin SS are denser than normal RBCs. Using waste products from sickle cell anemia exchanges provides an opportunity to safely optimize exchange parameters. This approach should allow us to: 1) achieve a higher reduction in hemoglobin S in patients, 2) achieve the previous levels of reduction using fewer donor units and/or 3) combine red cell exchange with other therapies for sickle cell disease, such as hydroxyurea, by taking advantage of the differential densities and selective depletion of red blood cells containing different levels of hemoglobin F. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Dickerson, John P., and Tuomas Sandholm. "Multi-Organ Exchange." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 60 (November 26, 2017): 639–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.4919.
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Kidney exchange, where candidates with organ failure trade incompatible but willing donors, is a life-saving alternative to the deceased donor waitlist, which has inadequate supply to meet demand. While fielded kidney exchanges see huge benefit from altruistic kidney donors (who give an organ without a paired needy candidate), a significantly higher medical risk to the donor deters similar altruism with livers. In this paper, we begin by exploring the idea of large-scale liver exchange, and show on demographically accurate data that vetted kidney exchange algorithms can be adapted to clear such an exchange at the nationwide level. We then propose cross-organ donation where kidneys and livers can be bartered for each other. We show theoretically that this multi-organ exchange provides linearly more transplants than running separate kidney and liver exchanges. This linear gain is a product of altruistic kidney donors creating chains that thread through the liver pool; it exists even when only a small but constant portion of the donors on the kidney side of the pool are willing to donate a liver lobe. We support this result experimentally on demographically accurate multi-organ exchanges. We conclude with thoughts regarding the fielding of a nationwide liver or joint liver-kidney exchange from a legal and computational point of view.
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Rasgado-Flores, H., and M. P. Blaustein. "Na/Ca exchange in barnacle muscle cells has a stoichiometry of 3 Na+/1 Ca2+." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 252, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): C499—C504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1987.252.5.c499.
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The portions of the 45Ca influx and 22Na efflux that were activated by physiological concentrations of intracellular free Ca2+, [Ca2+]i, were studied in internally perfused single giant barnacle muscle cells. Since both fluxes were activated by intracellular Ca2+ (Cai) and the Ca influx was dependent on internal Na+ (Nai), the fluxes appear to be coupled (Na/Ca exchange). Tracer Ca/Ca and Na/Na exchanges were eliminated by employing tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) as the predominant external cation. Under these circumstances, the ratio of the external Ca2+ (Cao)-dependent, Cai-activated Na+ efflux to the Nai-dependent, Cai-activated Ca influx was 3.1-3.2 Na+/1 Ca2+, when the intracellular Na+ concentration, [Na+]i was either 30 or 46 mM. This is the first direct measurement of the Na/Ca exchange stoichiometry. In many types of cells, the Na/Ca exchange system appears to operate in parallel with a plasma membrane ATP-driven Ca pump that has a lower capacity (maximum velocity), but higher affinity for Ca2+ than the Na/Ca exchanger. The data on the stoichiometry and activation by internal Ca2+ imply that the turnover of the Na/Ca exchanger is modulated during periods of cell activity. When the cells are depolarized, the Na/Ca exchange system is activated by the rising [Ca2+]i, and Ca2+ entry via the exchanger is promoted. Then, at repolarization, Ca2+ exits rapidly, primarily via the exchanger. However, in resting cells, with a low [Ca2+]i, much (but not all) of the Ca2+ efflux is probably mediated by the ATP-driven Ca pump.
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Lee, Seung-Rae. "Evaluation of Heat Exchange Rate of Different Types of Ground Heat Exchangers." Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers 33, no. 6 (2013): 2393. http://dx.doi.org/10.12652/ksce.2013.33.6.2393.
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Skvoretz, John, and Michael J. Lovaglia. "Who Exchanges with Whom: Structural Determinants of Exchange Frequency in Negotiated Exchange Networks." Social Psychology Quarterly 58, no. 3 (September 1995): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2787040.
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Labeyrie, Vanesse, Mathieu Thomas, Zachary K. Muthamia, and Christian Leclerc. "Seed exchange networks, ethnicity, and sorghum diversity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 1 (December 22, 2015): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1513238112.
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Recent studies investigating the relationship between crop genetic diversity and human cultural diversity patterns showed that seed exchanges are embedded in farmers’ social organization. However, our understanding of the social processes involved remains limited. We investigated how farmers’ membership in three major social groups interacts in shaping sorghum seed exchange networks in a cultural contact zone on Mount Kenya. Farmers are members of residence groups at the local scale and of dialect groups clustered within larger ethnolinguistic units at a wider scale. The Chuka and Tharaka, who are allied in the same ethnolinguistic unit, coexist with the Mbeere dialect group in the study area. We assessed farmers’ homophily, propensity to exchange seeds with members of the same group, using exponential random graph models. We showed that homophily is significant within both residence and ethnolinguistic groups. At these two levels, homophily is driven by the kinship system, particularly by the combination of patrilocal residence and ethnolinguistic endogamy, because most seeds are exchanged among relatives. Indeed, residential homophily in seed exchanges results from local interactions between women and their in-law family, whereas at a higher level, ethnolinguistic homophily is driven by marriage endogamy. Seed exchanges and marriage ties are interrelated, and both are limited between the Mbeere and the other groups, although frequent between the Chuka and Tharaka. The impact of these social homophily processes on crop diversity is discussed.
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Munger, Michael C. "EUVOLUNTARY OR NOT, EXCHANGE IS JUST." Social Philosophy and Policy 28, no. 2 (May 31, 2011): 192–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052510000269.
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AbstractThe arguments for redistribution of wealth, and for prohibiting certain transactions such as price-gouging, both are based in mistaken conceptions of exchange. This paper proposes a neologism, “euvoluntary” exchange, meaning both that the exchange is truly voluntary and that it benefits both parties to the transaction. The argument has two parts: First, all euvoluntary exchanges should be permitted, and there is no justification for redistribution of wealth if disparities result only from euvoluntary exchanges. Second, even exchanges that are not euvoluntary should generally be permitted, because access to market exchange may be the only means by which people in desperate circumstances can improve their position.
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Zhang, Liang, and Anlong Zhang. "Study on turbulent flow in <1-2> wave wall tube heat exchanger." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2076, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2076/1/012025.
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Abstract The traditional straight wall tube heat exchanger has low heat exchange efficiency, in order to solve this problem, the turbulent flow in wave wall tube heat exchanger was studied by numerical simulation. It is found that the unique corrugated structure of the heat exchange tube in the wave wall tube heat exchanger can improve the flow state of the fluid in the heat exchanger. The average pressure drop of heat exchanger gradually increases with the increase of Reynolds number Re. Under the same conditions, the average pressure drop of wave wall tube heat exchanger is lower than that of straight wall tube heat exchanger. The improvement of heat exchange performance of heat exchanger can not be realized only by increasing the inlet flow of heat exchanger. The wave wall tube heat exchanger can strengthen the heat exchange of the fluid in the heat exchanger.
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Schilke, Oliver, and Gabriel Rossman. "It’s Only Wrong If It’s Transactional: Moral Perceptions of Obfuscated Exchange." American Sociological Review 83, no. 6 (November 2, 2018): 1079–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122418806284.
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A wide class of economic exchanges, such as bribery and compensated adoption, are considered morally disreputable precisely because they are seen as economic exchanges. However, parties to these exchanges can structurally obfuscate them by arranging the transfers so as to obscure that a disreputable exchange is occurring at all. In this article, we propose that four obfuscation structures—bundling, brokerage, gift exchange, and pawning—will decrease the moral opprobrium of external audiences by (1) masking intentionality, (2) reducing the explicitness of the reciprocity, and (3) making the exchange appear to be a type of common practice. We report the results from four experiments assessing participants’ moral reactions to scenarios that describe either an appropriate exchange, a quid pro quo disreputable exchange, or various forms of obfuscated exchange. In support of our hypotheses, results show that structural obfuscation effectively mitigates audiences’ moral offense at disreputable exchanges and that the effects are substantially mediated by perceived attributional opacity, transactionalism, and collective validity.
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Kadi, Xhensila. "Advantages Of Stock Exchange Lıstıng." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 4 (February 28, 2016): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n4p190.
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The Stock Exchange is a regulated market of securities where contracts for the sale and purchase of the financial instruments are stipulated. The financial instruments such as stocks, bonds, derivatives with a definite price are traded and exchanged in the Stock Exchange. In this case the price is determined by the balance of supply and demand. If we would describe the Stock Exchange with an image, we would think a square in which some companies with public offer or companies with public participation operate. In particular, in it we may found industrial companies, financial companies, banks, services companies, etc. If we refer to history, the first and real trade of securities occurred around the year 1500 in Bruges. Nevertheless, Antwerp has been considered the first Stock Exchange, as the one of Bruges cannot be defined a genuine Stock Exchange. In Albania, till the end of 2014 we have had the Tirana Stock Exchange (TSE). The Tirana Stock Exchange was founded in 2002 in the form of a joint stock company, and has operated in accordance with the provisions of the Law No. 9901 dated 14.04.2008 “On the Entrepreneurs and trading companies” and the Law no. 9879, date 21.02.2008 “On Securities”. Initially, the listing of securities on the stock exchanges, for many entrepreneurs, meant an advertisement for the company, while now it is a widespread phenomenon in the world. If we refer to our country, we believe that the listing in the stock exchange has an important role towards the awareness of our companies regarding finding different manners from the traditional ones about their liquidity. Through this paper, it is aimed to answer to a fundamental question as the one related to the reasons why companies should be listed on the stock exchange. Each of the actions related to trading on the stock exchange is one of the steps in the process of investment, therefore we can say that this kind of financial transactions is not just about buying or selling a particular security.
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Venkatesan, P. "National Stock Exchange Vs Bombay Stock Exchange: A Comparative Analysis." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-1 (December 31, 2018): 659–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd19030.
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Rocquin, Baudry. "'Rates of Exchange' Rather than Intellectual Exchanges." Durkheimian Studies 24, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ds.2020.240107.
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The newly found exchange of letters between Marcel Mauss and Victor Branford dated 1926 testifies to the active exchanges between both their traditions. Durkheimian sociology owed a great deal to the Branford-Geddes network of colleagues across the Channel, not less than a funding of the republication of their iconic journal, the Année sociologique. On the other hand, Branford was far from apologetic about his own tradition of thought and even went as far as to criticize the Institut Français de Sociologie in the 1920s. All this shows the enduring links between both countries in the field of sociology, contrary to what has often been held.
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Bortun, Anatoly I., Lyudmila N. Bortun, and Abraham Clearfield. "Ion Exchange Behavior of the NH4TiOPO4Based Exchanger." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 16, no. 2 (March 1998): 669–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07366299808934546.
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Borgese, F., F. Garcia-Romeu, and R. Motais. "Catecholamine-induced transport systems in trout erythrocyte. Na+/H+ countertransport or NaCl cotransport?" Journal of General Physiology 87, no. 4 (April 1, 1986): 551–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.87.4.551.
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It has previously been shown (Baroin, A., F. Garcia-Romeu, T. Lamarre, and R. Motais. 1984a, b. Journal of Physiology. 350:137, 356:21; Mahé, Y., F. Garcia-Romeu, and R. Motais. 1985. European Journal of Pharmacology. 116:199) that the addition of catecholamines to an isotonic suspension of nucleated red blood cells of the rainbow trout first stimulates a cAMP-dependent, amiloride-sensitive Na+/H+ exchange. This stimulation seems to be transient. It is followed by a more permanent activation of a coupled entry of Na+ and Cl-, which is inhibited by amiloride but also by inhibitors of band 3 protein (DIDS, furosemide, niflumic acid). The coupled entry of Na+ and Cl- could therefore result from the parallel and simultaneous exchange of Na+out for H+in (via the cAMP-dependent Na+/H+ antiporter) and Cl- out for HCO3- in (via the anion exchange system located in band 3 protein). However, in view of the following arguments, it had been proposed that NaCl uptake does not proceed by the double-exchanger system but via an NaCl cotransport: (a) Na+ entry requires Cl- as anion (in NO3- medium, the Na uptake is strongly inhibited, whereas NO3- is an extremely effective substitute for Cl- in the anion exchange system); (b) Na uptake is not significantly affected by the presence of HCO3- in the suspension medium despite the fact that in red cells, Cl-/HCO3- exchange occurs more readily than the exchanges of Cl- for basic equivalents in a theoretically CO2-free medium (the so-called Cl-/OH- exchanges). The purpose of the present paper was a reassessment of the two models by using monensin, an ionophore allowing Na+/H+ exchange. From this study, it appears that NaCl entry results from the simultaneous functioning of the Na+/H+ antiporter and the anion exchange system. The apparent Cl dependence is explained by the fact that, in these erythrocytes, NO3- clearly inhibits the turnover rate of the Na+/H+ antiporter. As Na+/H+ exchange is the driving component in the salt uptake process, this inhibition explains the Cl requirement for Na entry. The lack of stimulation of cell swelling by bicarbonate is explained by the fact that the rate of anion exchange in a CO2-free medium (Cl-/OH- exchange) is roughly equivalent to that of Na+/H+ exchange and thus in practice is not limiting to the net influx of NaCl through the two exchangers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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NIKOLAICHUK, Olha. "DEVELOPMENT OF EXCHANGE TRADING: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 312, no. 6(2) (December 29, 2022): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2022-312-6(2)-2.
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The article analyzes the main trends in the development of global and domestic stock exchange trade. The development trends of the international stock market are considered and characterized. The current state and structure of global exchange trading in commodity and financial derivatives in 2013-2022 is analyzed. An analysis of the structure of the world exchange trade was carried out, in particular its following groups: stock indices, securities, interest rates, currency, energy resources, agricultural products, precious metals. The structure of the world stock market was studied by geographical regions. . The volume of trade activity in various regions was studied in 2013, 2021-2022. It was found that the largest percentage share of world trade activity during the last decade was occupied by the Asia-Pacific region. The main factors affecting the current state of development of stock trading in the world are systematized. The dynamics of exchanges in Ukraine during 1995-2022 were considered. The number and structure of exchanges by specialization were analyzed. The main problems of the development of the domestic exchange trade are summarized. The main problems of the development of domestic exchange trading are the imperfection of regulatory regulation and the inconsistency of the legislative framework, the low level of liquidity of exchange operations on commodity exchanges, the presence of non-exchange goods at auctions, the absence of trading in futures and options, the absence of an exchange culture. The directions of the development of exchange trade in the domestic economy have been determined. The key prospects for the development of domestic exchange trading are the establishment of effective development of exchange trading in agricultural products, the development of the market for renewable energy sources, the participation of Ukrainian producers in bidding on world exchanges, the creation of a favorable legislative space, the implementation of state programs to stimulate participation in exchange trading, preventing the increase in the number of exchanges on the commodity market. market, educational activities.
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Tomasevic-Canovic, Magdalena, Aleksandra Dakovic, Vesna Markovic, and Dragan Stojsic. "The effect of exchangeable cations in clinoptilolite and montmorillonite on the adsorption of aflatoxin B1." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 66, no. 8 (2001): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0108555t.
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The adsorption of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) by cation-exchanged clinoptilolite zeolitic tuff and montmorillonite was investigated at 37?C and pH 3.8 from an aqueous electrolyte having a composition similar to that of gastric juices of animals. Bothminerals were exchanged from the natural form to the sodium form and then to the Cu2+, Zn2+ and Co2+-rich forms. The cation exchange was different for the different cations, but in all cases the exchanges were larger on montmorillonite than on clinoptilolite. The degree of exchange on montmorillonite was 76 % for copper (from a total of CEC 0.95 meq/g, Cu2+ -0.73 meq/g) and 85 % for zinc and cobalt. Under the same conditions (concentration, temperature, pH, contact time), the degree of exchange on zeolitic tuff was 12 % for Cu2+ (from a total CEC of 1.46 meq/g, Cu2+ -0.17 meq/g), 8 % for Zn2+ and 10 % for Co2+. Both groups of mineral adsorbents showed high AFB1 chemisorption indexes (c?). For the montmorillonite forms, c? ranged from 0.75 for the Cu-exchanged montmorillonite to 0.89 for the natural Ca-form, 0.90 for the Zn-exchanged form and 0.93 for the Co-exchanged montmorillonite. The adsorption of AFB1 on the different exchanged forms of clinoptilolite gave similar values of c? for the Cu and Ca forms (0.90) and values of 0.94 and 0.95 for the Zn- and Co-exchanged form. The impact of the mineral adsorbents on the reduction of essential nutrients present in animal feed (Cu, Zn, Mn and Co) showed that the Ca-rich montmorillonite had a higher capability for the reduction of the microelements than the Ca-rich clinoptilolite.
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Brigida, Matt. "THE MARKET VALUE OF DECENTRALISATION." Applied Finance Letters 12, no. 1 (September 20, 2023): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/afl.v12i1.682.
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A prominent motivation for the use of cryptocurrencies is the system of exchange does not require a central trusted authority. In fact there are a class of decentralised exchanges where participants can exchange cryptocurrencies using a protocol rather than a centralized exchange. This analysis uses the failure of the centralized FTX exchange to estimate the value the market assigns to decentralised versus centralised exchanges. We find the market assigns a significant value to decentralisation.
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INDIVERI, Cesare, Annamaria TONAZZI, Italo STIPANI, and Ferdinando PALMIERI. "The purified and reconstituted ornithine/citrulline carrier from rat liver mitochondria: electrical nature and coupling of the exchange reaction with H+ translocation." Biochemical Journal 327, no. 2 (October 15, 1997): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3270349.
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The mechanism and the electrical nature of ornithine/citrulline exchange has been investigated in proteoliposomes reconstituted with the ornithine/citrulline carrier purified from rat liver mitochondria. The stoichiometry of the exchanging substrates was close to 1:1. The exchange was not affected by inducing electrogenic flux of K+ with valinomycin. In contrast, the pH gradient generated by the K+/H+ exchanger nigericin in the presence of an outwardly directed K+ gradient stimulated the ornithineout/citrullinein exchange, but not the ornithine/ornithine homoexchange. Experiments in which either the internal or the external pH was varied, while keeping constant the pH in the other compartment, indicated that maximal exchange rates are found at pH 6 in the compartment containing citrulline and at pH 8 in the compartment containing ornithine. Changes in fluorescence of the pH indicator pyranine, included inside the proteoliposomes, showed that the exchanges ornithineout/citrullinein and citrullineout/ornithinein are accompanied by translocation of H+ in the same direction as citrulline. It is concluded that the mitochondrial ornithine/citrulline carrier catalyses an electroneutral exchange of ornithine+ for citrulline plus an H+. A reasonable model is one in which ornithine binds to a deprotonated carrier and citrulline to a protonated carrier and both substrate-carrier complexes are neutral. The physiological implications of this transport process are discussed.
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Schreiner, Michael, Michael Altmeyer, and Karl Schweizer. "The Web Version of the Exchange Test." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 28, no. 3 (January 1, 2012): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000125.
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This paper provides a description of the web version of the Exchange Test and reports on the results of its psychometric evaluation. The Exchange Test is a measure of working memory capacity which is demanding to the central executive and storage units of working memory. It is composed of 60 items, spaced out evenly over five treatment levels of increasing difficulty. One item is composed of two arrays of symbols, the same four symbols in each array but in different order. The positions of the symbols within a single array have to be exchanged mentally until identical orders are obtained. The outcomes reflect the accuracy of counting the necessary exchanges and the time needed to perform this task. The results are based on data from 203 participants. The investigation of consistency indicated acceptable to good quality. Furthermore, the equivalence of the internal structure of the new and original versions was demonstrated. Most importantly, the scores proved to be highly correlated with fluid intelligence.
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Liebertz, Scott, Jaclyn Bunch, and Thomas Shaw. "Federalism and Public Opinion on Healthcare: The Design of the Affordable Care Act’s Insurance Exchanges and User Experience with the Exchanges." Publius: The Journal of Federalism 50, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 55–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjz002.
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Abstract Using original survey data and the 2016 American National Election Study (ANES), we examine the effects of healthcare exchange type and user experience on individuals’ support for the Affordable Care Act (ACA). States are divided into three different types of ACA exchange implementation regimes: state-run exchanges, federally operated exchanges, and mixed state-federal exchanges. We hypothesize that individuals in states running their own exchanges will demonstrate greater support for the ACA and individuals with experience using the exchanges will exhibit greater levels of support for the ACA. Results from a survey conducted in 2016 in Alabama (a federal exchange), Kentucky (a state exchange at the time), and Arkansas (a mixed state-federal exchange) support these hypotheses. These findings are also confirmed using national data from the ANES. We therefore provide evidence that local control over healthcare implementation leads to better outcomes in terms of citizen satisfaction and that citizens who have experience with exchanges established by the ACA are more likely to feel positively about the law.
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Frazier, Gary L., Robert E. Spekman, and Charles R. O'Neal. "Just-In-Time Exchange Relationships in Industrial Markets." Journal of Marketing 52, no. 4 (October 1988): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224298805200406.
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A new form of relational exchange, commonly referred to as the “just-in-time” (JIT) exchange relationship, has been adopted and implemented by many original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and suppliers of component parts-materials during the past several years. Though the “exchange relationship” is at the core of the marketing discipline, JIT exchanges have received little attention in the marketing literature. The authors attempt to expand understanding of (1) how JIT exchanges compare with other forms of exchange between suppliers of component parts-materials and OEMs, (2) what conditions are most conducive to the initiation of JIT exchanges, and (3) what key factors are likely to influence the success or failure of initiated JIT exchanges.
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Paltrinieri, Andrea. "Stock exchange industry in UAE." International Journal of Emerging Markets 10, no. 3 (July 20, 2015): 362–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-12-2012-0181.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of UAE Stock Exchange industry. In particular this paper aims to assess a potential merger between Dubai Financial Markets-Nasdaq-Dubai and Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange, evaluating risks, rewards, policy and business implications. Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents a theoretical framework and a literature review of M & As in financial sector. It then carries out a case study on a potential merger between the UAE Stock Exchanges and a discussion on the implications for the actors involved. Findings – The contraction both in market capitalization and in trading value in the three UAE Stock Exchanges caused by subprime financial crisis and market fragmentation could be a key factors in implementing a merger between them. Because of high-fixed costs and trading platform, a single consolidated stock exchange may benefit from significant economies of scale, particularly network effects, and economies of scope. Practical implications – This paper could be useful to Security and Commodity Authority, in order to support a merger between Dubai and Abu Dhabi Stock Exchange. Given that UAE capital market regulator has tried to improve efficiency in UAE stock market over the last years, a merger between UAE Stock Exchanges could have positive effects on overall efficiency. Originality/value – It is the first paper that analyze UAE Stock Exchange industry. It is the first study that focusses on a potential merger between emerging markets’ stock exchanges. It is one of the first contributions that relates stock exchanges belonging to emerging and developed countries.
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Reddy, Dr T. Koti. "Exchange Rate Forecasting." Indian Journal of Applied Research 1, no. 6 (October 1, 2011): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/mar2012/41.
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Li, Heng. "Study of an Inorganic Ion Exchanger Mg2Ti1.25(PO4)3." Advanced Materials Research 442 (January 2012): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.442.50.
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The ion-exchanger Mg2Ti1.25(PO4)3 of spinel type was prepared by means of the solid state reaction crystallization method. Its ion-exchange properties for alkali ions such as saturation capacity of exchange and distribution coefficient were determined. Mg2Ti1.25(PO4)3 was characterized by virtue of X-ray diffraction method. This inorganic ion-exchanger (Mg2Ti1.25(PO4)3) has the saturation capacity of exchange for Li+ higher than those for other alkali ions, the saturation capacity of exchange for Li+ reaches to 6.0mmol/g, MgTi-750(H) has a higher selectivity of ion exchange for Li+ than for other alkali ions. These result show MgTi-750 (H) has better memory and selectivity of ion exchange, and higher capacity of ion exchange for Li+. It is a kind of prospective ionic sieve for Li+.
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Jiang, Jin He. "Synthesis of Al1.75Fe1.25(PO4)3 and its Selectivity to Li+ Exchange." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 3703–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.3703.
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The ion-exchanger Al1.75Fe1.25(PO4)3of spinel type was prepared by means of the solid state reaction crystallization method. Its ion-exchange properties for alkali ions such as saturation capacity of exchange and distribution coefficient were determined. Al1.75Fe1.25(PO4)3was characterized by virtue of X-ray diffraction method. This inorganic ion-exchanger (Al1.75Fe1.25(PO4)3) has the saturation capacity of exchange for Li+higher than those for other alkali ions, the saturation capacity of exchange for Li+reaches to 7.1mmol/g, AlFe-720(H) has a higher selectivity of ion exchange for Li+than for other alkali ions. These result show AlFe-720 (H) has better memory and selectivity of ion exchange, and higher capacity of ion exchange for Li+. It is a kind of prospective ionic sieve for Li+.
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Y. Uppal, Jamshed. "The Role of Satellite Stock Exchanges: A Case Study of the Lahore Stock Exchange." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 14, no. 2 (July 1, 2009): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2009.v14.i2.a1.
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In many countries, capital markets are often served by multiple stock exchanges, typically with one national or dominant exchange and several regional or satellite exchanges. While multiple exchanges create a competitive landscape, they also lead to fragmented liquidity and diseconomies in operations. This paper examines the role of the Lahore Stock Exchange (LSE) in comparison with the country’s dominant exchange, the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE), in four areas: (i) market efficiency in processing information, (ii) transaction costs, (iii) contribution to price discovery, and (iv) market integration. A comparative analysis of the exchange performance indicates the two exchanges to be at par in terms of informational efficiency and transaction costs. There is evidence of informational linkages and interdependencies between the two exchanges; the LSE appears to contribute to price discovery and competes to an appreciable extent. Against the background of proposals to merge the country’s three stock exchanges, a major consideration in evaluating public policy is the relative performance of the LSE and its viability as an effective competitor. Eliminating interexchange competition by merging the stock exchanges is predicted to lead to higher transaction costs, lower incentives for regulatory compliance, and diminished motivation for promoting capital market development.
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Li, Heng. "Synthesis of Al1.6667Ti(PO4)3 and its Selectivity to Li+ Exchange." Advanced Materials Research 463-464 (February 2012): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.165.
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The ion-exchanger Al1.6667Ti(PO4)3 of inverse spinel type was prepared by means of the solid state reaction crystallization method. Its ion-exchange properties for alkali ions such as saturation capacity of exchange and distribution coefficient were determined. Al1.6667Ti(PO4)3 was characterized by virtue of X-ray diffraction method. This inorganic ion-exchanger has the saturation capacity of exchange for Li+ higher than those for other alkali ions, the saturation capacity of exchange for Li+ reaches to 6.6mmol/g.
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Yunvirusaba, Nelson, Jane Aduda, and Ananda Kube. "Volatility Spillover Effects among Securities Exchanges in East Africa." International Journal of Economics and Finance 11, no. 10 (September 10, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v11n10p32.
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This paper aims at examining volatility spillover effects among the returns of three out of the four securities exchanges in East Africa. Vector autoregressive model was used to model return series evolution; and, Johansen co-integration test, was further applied to examine any possibilities of co-integration. Dynamic conditional correlation model was then employed to explore the dynamics of conditional variances. Daily closing all share indices data spanning the period 29 February 2008 to 28 February 2018 was used. The results of the study revealed that, there is bidirectional causality between Nairobi securities exchange and Dar es salaam securities exchange; unidirectional effect between Nairobi securities exchange and Uganda securities exchange; while between Dar es salaam securities exchange and Uganda securities exchange, there is a unidirectional effect. The study findings also indicate evidence of no co-integration, thus, no long-run relationship among the exchanges. The dynamic conditional correlation proved to be the most parsimonious model whose results indicated evidence of volatility spillover among the securities exchanges.
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KUKSA, Ihor, Serhii AREFIEV, and Iryna HNATENKO. "EXCHANGE ACTIVITY IN THE SYSTEM OF NATIONAL ECONOMY." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 5, no. 3 (September 7, 2020): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2020-3-14.
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Introduction. Exchange activity occupies an important place in the financial services market and in the system of the national economy as a whole. At the same time, the development of such ac-tivities is characterized by significant problems and obstacles that cause its inertia. There is a need to review the main trends in the field of exchange activities and identify measures to improve it. The purpose of the article is to consider the exchange activity and the main trends of its functioning in the system of modern national economy. Results of this study: The features, classification of exchanges are determined and the peculiarities of their functioning in Ukraine are considered. It is noted that modern world exchanges reflect the current price situation in different markets, and market capitalization is an important indicator that characterizes the scale of this exchange in the world economy. The world's stock exchanges with the largest market capitalization are systematized. It is determined that the state regulation of exchange activity of modern Ukraine is somewhat different from the existing norms, standards and rules in the world, which are implemented in foreign markets of financial services. Such activity in the system of the national economy is still in its infancy, despite the positive growth trend of many indicators that characterize it. Trends in the development of commodity exchanges in Ukraine are detailed and their positive dynamics are noted. It is noted that the number of exchanges is too large for the volume of business transactions in the national economy. It was specified that the most important problems that cause the inert development of exchange activities include: political, social and economic instability, occupation of Crimea and some areas of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, the spread of the pandemic and more. It is emphasized that there is a problem of too limited and inconsistent legal field of regulation of commodity exchanges, characterized by the existence of various regulations, a significant number of which should be considered in the context of administrative influence and creating artificial barriers to commodity exchanges. Conclusions. It is determined that in order to ensure effective exchange activity there is a need to improve banking and financial instruments. In addition, in the system of the national economy for the successful development of exchange activities, in accordance with world experience and socio-economic characteristics of the regions of Ukraine, it is necessary to optimize the number of stock exchanges; to improve the information infrastructure that will provide sales processes; to improve exchange tools; to strengthen the role of agricultural commodity exchanges and innovative enterprises, to create favourable conditions for their operation. Key words: exchange activity, exchange trading, exchange tools, currency market, information infrastructure, innovative enterprises, clearing institutions, competition, stock market.
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Lyons, Deborah. "Dangerous Gifts: Ideologies of Marriage and Exchange in Ancient Greece." Classical Antiquity 22, no. 1 (April 1, 2003): 93–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ca.2003.22.1.93.
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A familiar theme in Greek myth is that of the deadly gift that passes between a man and a woman. Analysis of exchanges between men and women reveals the gendered nature of exchange in ancient Greek mythic thinking. Using the anthropological categories of male and female wealth (with examples drawn from many cultures), it is possible to arrive at an understanding of the protocols of exchange as they relate to men and especially to women. These protocols, which are based in part on the distinction between metals and other durable goods as "male" and textiles as "female," are closely related to the gendered division of labor. Anxiety about women as exchangers derives in part from their status as objects exchanged in marriage (as exemplified by Helen in the Iliad), and partly from a misogynist and pessimistic strand of Greek thought (embodied by Hesiod's Pandora) that discounts any female economic contribution to the oikos. Indeed, the majority of destructive exchanges take place within the context of marital crisis. While some texts, beginning with the Odyssey, show the positive side of women's economic role, tragedy tends to follow the Hesiodic distrust of women as exchange partners. Passages from the Agamemnon and the Trachiniai are analyzed to show how in situations of perverted reciprocity brought about by marital discord, even women's traditional gifts of textiles may become deadly.
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Sung, Pildoo, Rahul Malhotra, Grand Cheng, and Angelique Chan. "TRANSITIONS IN SOCIAL SUPPORT EXCHANGE PROFILES OVER TIME AMONG OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1218.
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Abstract Despite increasing interest in social support exchanges among older adults, little is known about the interplay between giving and receiving social support, how social support exchanges change over time, and factors associated with such change. Using data on 1,305 older Singaporeans participating in two waves of a national, longitudinal survey conducted in 2016-2017 and 2019, we investigated (1) distinct social support exchange profiles that comprise different types of giving and receiving social support, (2) transitions in social support exchange profiles over time, and (3) association of sociodemographic characteristics and health status with such transitions. Gender-stratified random intercept latent transition analysis (RI-LTA) produced three main findings. First, we identified four social support exchange profiles—multi-exchange, provider, receiver, and low exchange—for both males and females at both waves, although the distribution of profiles varied by gender and waves. Second, males were more likely to transition from the multi-exchange profile to other types, whereas females were relatively more likely to transition into the multi-exchange profile over time. Third, among males, those older, of ethnic minority, unmarried, employed, and with depressive symptoms were more likely to transition into the receiver profile from other types. Females who were younger, of ethnic majority, married, and less educated were more likely to transition into the multi-exchange type from low or receiver profiles. The findings capture the temporal dynamics in social support exchange profiles and their gendered characteristics. Policy interventions should focus on older adults who lack social support exchanges and those who lose social support exchanges over time.
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Nath, K. V. Surendra, and S. N. Tandon. "Synthesis and characterization of a new crystalline tin(IV) arsenophosphate ion exchanger." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 68, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v90-050.
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A new crystalline layered inorganic ion exchanger tin(IV) arsenophosphate with the formula Sn(HAsO4)(HPO4)•H2O has been prepared by refluxing the amorphous precursor. This exchanger has been characterized by X-ray powder pattern, chemical analysis, IR spectra, and thermal dehydration. Its ion exchange behaviour towards sodium ions is reported. The exchanger has an exchange capacity of 5.36 mequiv./g for Na+. The performance of tin(IV) arsenophosphate is compared with crystalline tin(IV) phosphate and arsenate. Keywords: cation exchanger, crystalline tin(IV) arsenophosphate, ion exchange, thermal behaviour, X-ray studies.
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Dimowa, Louiza, Yana Tzvetanova, Ognyan Petrov, Iskra Piroeva, and Filip Ublekov. "Powder XRD Structural Study of Ba2+ Modified Clinoptilolite at Different Stages of the Ion Exchange Process Conducted at Two Temperature Regimes—Room Temperature and 90 °C." Minerals 10, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): 938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10110938.
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Partial and almost complete barium exchange on clinoptilolite is performed and structurally studied for different durations (2 h, 24 h, 72 h, 168 h, 12 d, 22 d) at room temperature and 90 °C of the ion exchange process. Continuing ion exchange up to the 22nd day is proved by EDS analyses data and powder XRD (intensity changes of 020 and 200 peaks). Rietveld structure refinement was first performed on the maximum Ba exchanged clinoptilolite at 90 °C for 22 days (3.04 atoms per unit cell). Four barium positions and 9 H2O sites were refined. The split positions Ba2 and BaK (around M3 site in channel C) were found mostly occupied by 2.23 atoms per unit cell. The rest of refined samples showed different occupations of the positions of incoming Ba2+ and outgoing cations (Na+, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+) during ion exchange, describing extra-framework cationic movements, which are released easily without preferable directions. The exchanges at 90 °C and room temperature were found proceeding similarly up to the 2nd hour, but then at room temperature the process is slowed and at 22nd day 1.64 barium atoms per unit cell are structurally refined.
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Vaníček, Petr. "Analysis and comparison of chosen FX – strategy." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 54, no. 6 (2006): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200654060209.
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The article is focused on possibilities of profit of chosen FX instruments by proceeding of foreign exchange risk. The foreign exchanges risk affect economic result of each economic subject. The foreign exchanges risk ensue unexpectible change of foreign exchange rate. Economic subjects pursue in exchange market that are concern on hedging of exchange risk during doing business and financial contracts. The most discussed problems in this article are the possibilies of present products in financials markets, that can help in hedging of exchange risk. The article is concentrated mainly on chosen products of financial markets derived from option. The main part of those chosen products is focused on „zero cost strategy“ and on possibilities of their aplication in hedging of exchange risk.
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Polčák, Radim. "Stock Exchange Interconnections and Legal Issues in Data Exchange." Masaryk University Journal of Law and Technology 11, no. 2 (September 30, 2017): 351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/mujlt2017-2-7.
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If philosophical cybernetics was interested in stock exchanges, it would probably treat them as relatively simple information structures. From that perspective, stock exchanges can be viewed as places where data on supply and demand of various negotiable instruments are processed. Besides that, stock exchanges, as institutions, provide respective transactions with additional informational (organisational) value that mostly consist of trust regarding the traders, clearing etc.Consequently, a stock exchange interconnection can be seen as very natural process providing for bigger pool of useful data. One of key tasks in the establishment of exchange schemes is then not to hinder or diminish the added information value, i.e. to at least keep the existing level of trust. In that sense, one of the most important components of interconnection design is the legal compliance.In the comment, we will examine some of the most emerging legal issues in data sharing between stock exchanges that were subject to examination under recently concluded project ‘Creating a legal and regulatory framework for interconnections between stock exchanges: A comparative study of the UK and Taiwan’ funded by the British Academy (UK) and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan. We will particularly focus in this comment on compliance issues in cross-border transfers of personal data and newly emerging regulatory phenomenon of cybersecurity.
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Hu, Tianshen, Ning Zhang, Joseph Mcdevitt, Ayobami Odu, Yin Xi, Daniel Lamus, Patrick Sutphin, Sanjeeva Kalva, and Anil Pillai. "Comparative Evaluation of Nonprocedural Nephrostomy-Related Complications in Patients with Ureteric Obstruction due to Cancer versus Other Causes: Is the Protocol of Routine 3-month Nephrostomy Exchange Optimal for Both Disease Processes?" Journal of Clinical Interventional Radiology ISVIR 02, no. 01 (April 2018): 023–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1641674.
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Abstract Purpose To evaluate nonprocedural percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) complications and assess whether the protocol of routine 3-month exchange of PCN is optimal in patients with malignant ureteral obstruction (MUO) and benign ureteral obstruction (BUO). Materials and Methods Retrospective study of 103 patients with a mean age of 48 years (36 men, 67 women) who underwent PCN placement and subsequent PCN exchanges between January 2011 and January 2014 at the institution was conducted. Comparisons of the number of catheter days for those with routine exchange and emergency exchange due to tube obstruction, infection, and mechanical failures were made in patients with MUO and BUO. Results Of the 256 PCN exchange procedures, 139 were performed in the cancer cohort and 117 in the noncancer cohort. Complications requiring emergent exchanges were more common in cancer patients, particularly due to obstruction, which accounted for 57% of exchanges in MUO with a median onset of 50 days. In contrast, the majority of noncancer patients in this study did not require emergent exchange before 3 months. Routine exchanges accounted for 43% and 55% of exchanges in MUO and BUO, respectively. In both the groups, only a small proportion of emergent tube exchanges occurred beyond 105 days. Conclusion A routine 3-month nephrostomy exchange protocol may not be ideal for all patients. The optimal timing for exchange of nephrostomy appears to be earlier for patients with MUO compared with those with BUO. A prospective study is required to define an optimal policy for postprocedural nephrostomy tube care in both the cohorts.