Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Exchange power'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Exchange power.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Exchange power.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Galarza, Elizabeth. "Teacher-Student Dialogic Exchange and Power." Thesis, Hofstra University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10751430.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Power is an unavoidable issue when discussing relationships between teachers and their students because teachers have both the sanctioned authority over students in school, as well as having the natural authority conveyed by being an adult. How can writing with students improve teacher-student relationships and soften the power differential? This dissertation explored the language of real and perceived power by analyzing the written conversations between a teacher (myself) and five of my sixth-grade students in dialogue journals. Although previous research indicates that writing in dialogue journals increases student empowerment, no research has focused on how these opportunities to shift power differentials might impact student learning and the teacher-student relationships. Drawing on Vygotsky?s sociocultural theory of language and learning and Rosenblatt?s transactional theory of reading and writing, this study examined language within the journals that indicated student empowerment, student disempowerment, and teacher-student relationship-building. Using a directed qualitative critical content analysis, five dialogue journals were analyzed to identify text that showed reinforcement of conventional language, reversal of conventional language, or the language of role equality. Findings suggest that when authentic relationships are built, and traditional roles are suspended, students are empowered in various ways, and language of equality can be attained. This research is important to the field of literacy studies because writing with students in dialogue journals is a classroom practice that can empower students and improve relationships between teachers and students. There is a mutual advantage in students and teachers developing an authentic, positive, growth-oriented working relationship. Keywords: dialogue journals, student empowerment, teacher-student relationships, conventional language, equality, written conversation, communication partners
2
Hwang, Yu-Ning. "Essays on real exchange rate dynamics and exchange rate regime /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7509.
Full text
3
Beirne, John. "International exchange rate dynamics and purchasing power parity." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4246.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis provides evidence in favour of the long-run validity of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using primarily a linear error correction framework. Through an examination of PPP where proportionality and symmetry are implicitly imposed, it is shown that a selection of twelve EU real exchange rates is stationary on a univariate basis. The contribution here is based on the reconciliation of unit root test outcomes across univariate and panel tests. Following this analysis, the Johansen cointegration procedure is employed to examine whether long-run equilibrium relationships can be identified in systems of real exchange rates. The implications of results found are set out in terms of regional exchange rate policy co-ordination, exchange rate regime appropriateness, and monetary integration. By focussing on interdependent regions that were affected by a major financial shock (Europe: EMS crisis; Latin America: Mexican crisis; South East Asia: 1997 crisis), the real exchange rate dynamics are compared in pre- and post-crisis scenarios.This thesis also presents evidence in favour of PPP by examining the less restrictive scenario where neither proportionality nor symmetry is imposed. Given the fact that most developed economies have highly integrated goods and capital markets and liberalised capital accounts, the failure to find evidence for PPP in previous studies may be due to the exclusion of factors that might reflect the behaviour of capital markets and their influence on the exchange rate. To test this, the traditional nominal exchange rate and domestic/foreign price based system is augmented with an interest rate component. In a tripolar specification, the joint test of PPP and Uncovered Interest Parity (UIP) is found to hold in a system comprising Germany, Denmark and the UK, suggesting well-integrated goods and capital markets and the long-run convergence evident suggests that Denmark and the UK might be suitable for membership of the euro area. This convergence appears to be stronger when short-term interest rates are used as opposed to long-term rates (perhaps since they are not subject to distortions such as taxation and maturity levels). Furthermore, long-rates have been associated recently with an inversion of the yield curve, while evidence to support the yield curve in non-crisis times is mixed. Finally, multivariate and panel cointegration procedures are employed to provide evidence for the suitability of potential future euro area entrants from Central and Eastern Europe in tri-variate systems comprising the euro nominal exchange rate and two price series.
4
Sicuaio, Tomé Eduardo. "Knock Out Power Options in Foreign Exchange Markets." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analys och sannolikhetsteori, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-223996.
Full text
5
El-Dib, Dalia. "Low Power Register Exchange Viterbi Decoder for Wireless Applications." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/802.
Full textAbstract:
Since the invention of wireless telegraphy by Marconi in 1897, wireless technology has not only been enhanced, but also has become an integral part of our everyday lives. The first wireless mobile phone appeared around 1980. It was based on first generation analog technology that involved the use of Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) techniques. Ten years later, second generation (2G) mobiles were dependent on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) techniques and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) techniques. Nowadays, third generation (3G) mobile systems depend on CDMA techniques to satisfy the need for faster, and more capacious data transmission in mobile wireless networks. Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) has become the major 3G air interface in the world. WCDMA employs convolutional encoding to encode voice and MPEG4 applications in the baseband transmitter at a maximum frequency of 2Mbps. To decode convolutional codes, Andrew Viterbi invented the Viterbi Decoder (VD) in 1967. In 2G mobile terminals, the VD consumes approximately one third of the power consumption of a baseband mobile transceiver. Thus, in 3G mobile systems, it is essential to reduce the power consumption of the VD. Conceptually, the Register Exchange (RE) method is simpler and faster than the Trace Back (TB) method for implementing the VD. However, in the RE method, each bit in the memory must be read and rewritten for each bit of information that is decoded. Therefore, the RE method is not appropriate for decoders with long constraint lengths. Although researchers have focused on implementing and optimizing the TB method, the RE method is focused on and modified in this thesis to reduce the RE method's power consumption. This thesis proposes a novel modified RE method by adopting a pointer concept for implementing the survivor memory unit (SMU) of the VD. A pointer is assigned to each register or memory location. The contents of thepointer which points to one register is altered to point to a second register, instead of copying the contents of the first register to the second. When the pointer concept is applied to the RE's SMU implementation (modified RE), there is no need to copy the contents of the SMU and rewrite them, but one row of memory is still needed for each state of the VD. Thus, the VDs in CDMA systems require 256 rows of memory. Applying the pointer concept reduces the VD's power consumption by 20 percent as estimated by the VHDL synthesis tool and by the new power reduction estimation that is introduced in this work. The coding gain for the modified RE method is 2. 6dB at an SNR of approximately 10-3. Furthermore, a novel zero-memory implementation for the modified RE method is proposed. If the initial state of the convolutional encoder is known, the entire SMU of the modified RE VD is reduced to only one row. Because the decoded data is generated in the required order, even this row of memory is dispensable. The zero-memory architecture is called the MemoryLess Viterbi Decoder (MLVD), and reduces the power consumption by approximately 50 percent. A prototype of the MLVD with a one third convolutional code rate and a constraint length of nine is mapped into a Xilinx 2V6000 chip, operating at 25 MHz with a decoding throughput of more than 3Mbps and a latency of two data bits. The other problem of the VD which is addressed in this thesis is the Add Compare Select Unit (ACSU) which is composed of 128 butterfly ACS modules. The ACSU's high parallelism has been previously solved by using a bit serial implementation. The 8-bit First Input First Output (FIFO) register, needed for the storage of each path metric (PM), is at the heart of the single bit serial ACS butterfly module. A new, simply controlled shift register is designed at the circuit level and integrated into the ACS module. A chip for the new module is also fabricated.
6
Estampador, Hughson Sharleen. "Nostalgia, soft power and the Japan Exchange and Teaching Programme." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18810/.
Full textAbstract:
Cultural exchange programmes such as JET have become part of a growing diplomatic agenda within politics and international relations. This study investigates how the participants process their experience on the programme to demonstrate the link between soft power, memory and nostalgia. The participants promote Japan abroad by portraying images and ideas of Japanese culture and society to others. Applying everyday life theory will reveal intimate connections that attach these individuals to Japan, which contributes to soft power. This study contributes to the scholarly discussion by using the experience of 24 participants (alumni and present) on the Japan Exchange and Teaching Programme (JET) and former BET and MEF schemes from the 1980s to 2010s. Through their narratives we can uncover how the participants contribute to the development of soft power from the bottom-up. By using a theoretical framework consisting of everyday life theory, (everyday life and phenomenology), this research will explore how memory and nostalgia are a valuable process for soft power. JETs are able to compare their own routines and values with another that leads to tolerance and appreciation for their own identities and that of others. The participants share traits that follow a similar progression through their experience on the programme. This has led to thematic similarities tied to the experience: • Seeking opportunity, youth and the backdrop of uncertainty • Imagining Japan and its stereotypes • Experiencing adversity and acculturating to Japan • The reflection of nostalgia after leaving the programme. These patterns are associated with the JET experience and lead to nostalgic memories that attach the participants to Japan.
7
Kalinda, Mkenda Beatrice. "Essays on purchasing power parity, real exchange rate, and optimum currency areas /." Göteborg : Nationalekonomiska institutionen, Handelshögsk, 2000. http://www.handels.gu.se/epc/data/html/html/1973.html.
Full text
8
Tshipinare, Katso. "Purchasing power parity between Botswana and South Africa: a cointegration analysis." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1984_1184669340.
Full textAbstract:
This paper tested the purchasing power parity hypothesis for Botswana and South Africa using cointegration analysis. The data used are the spot exchange rate between the two countries (rand and pula) and their consumer price indices.
9
Howell, Christopher John. "Heat transfer in inundation and drainage flows associated with power condensers." Thesis, Keele University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334245.
Full text
10
Wang, Ping. "Econometric analysis of exchange rates in East Asia." Thesis, Middlesex University, 1999. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/8032/.
Full textAbstract:
This study is concerned with the behaviour of exchange rate movements focusing specifically on purchasing power parity (PPP) and the non-stationarity of real exchange rates, for a number of East Asian currencies during their recent floating periods. As one of the most important building blocks in international economies, PPP forms a core component of several models of exchange rate determination, and it is the most intensively tested hypothesis in open-economy macroeconomics. Nevertheless, in contrast to the relative abundance of research on the currencies of industrialised countries, very few studies on East Asian currencies have been carried out, leaving an important gap in the literature. Using recent advances in time series analysis, the results reveal for the East Asian countries that there existed long-run comovement between the nominal exchange rate and domestic and foreign price levels, but that the strict PPP condition claimed by the theory did not hold. This implied that any deviation from the PPP equilibrium was permanent and that there was little tendency for the real exchange rate to be mean reverting. Further investigation suggested that the real exchange rate was cointegrated with fundamentals, with most of the variables entering the cointegration vector significantly, suggesting that the movements of real exchange rate were driven by these factors. Investigating the dynamic paths of the real exchange rate and the long-run relationship (cointegrating relationship) in response to exogenous shocks also revealed that the real exchange rates did not revert to their pre-shock equilibrium, but that the long-run relationship did. It took, normally three to five years, for the real exchange rate to reach and settle down to a new equilibrium and even if the effect of shocks on the long-run relationship was transitory, the speed of convergence to the equilibrium was slow. The results also showed that the effects of shocks vary from one country to another. This meant that there was no universal panacea to deal with fluctuations in real exchange rates, as they were influenced by a country's natural endowment, stage in industrialisation, as well as monetary and exchange policies.
11
Bevilacqua, Sara. "New biologically inspired models towards understanding the Italian Power Exchange market." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15036/.
Full textAbstract:
Questa tesi tratta l’estensione di un modello ad agenti per la simulazione e lo studio del mercato elettrico Italiano. Nel modello, gli agenti, che rappresentano le compagnie energetiche presenti nel mercato Italiano, competono tra loro con l’obiettivo di avere il più alto profitto. Ogni agente determina la propria strategia attraverso un algoritmo genetico, che opera su una popolazione di strategie. Questo modello presenta però due limitazioni: (1) agli impianti di produzione di un agente, situati nella stessa zona geografica e aventi in comune la tecnologia di produzione, viene applicata la stessa strategia; (2) per la corretta evoluzione delle popolazioni private, gli agenti si scambiano informazioni circa la loro scelta strategica. Con questa tesi vogliamo dimostrare, prima di tutto, che il rilassamento delle ipotesi del primo punto non peggiora la qualità dei risultati. Successivamente, vogliamo testare l’efficacia dell’algoritmo genetico, applicando e testando algoritmi alternativi, quali l’ottimizzazione Monte Carlo e l’algoritmo Particle Swarm Optimization. La seconda parte del lavoro si focalizza sull’introduzione di agenti intelligenti che siano capaci di aggiornare due popolazioni, una composta dalle strategie dei concorrenti e l’altra con le proprie strategie. In questo modo, gli agenti non devono più condividere le proprie scelte strategiche, ma cercano di fare previsioni sui concorrenti, come nel mondo reale, e reagire di conseguenza, avvalendosi di tecniche di adversarial reasoning. Vogliamo infine mostrare i risultati che si ottengono con questa ultima estensione.
12
Vokes, Richard. "The Kanungu fire : power, patronage and exchange in south-western Uganda." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400288.
Full text
13
Lehmann, Timothy Carey. "For profit or power? : the strategic purpose of economic exchange in the U.S.-Japan great power rivalry /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/54765459.html.
Full text
14
Speed, Preston Brooks. "Tests of purchasing power parity." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01292009-063028/.
Full text
15
Argyros, Robert. "The power of investor sentiment: an analysis of the impact of investor confidence on South African financial markets." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004169.
Full textAbstract:
Whether investor sentiment has any authority over financial markets has long been a topic of discussion in the field of finance. This study investigates the relationship between investor sentiment and share returns in South Africa. Determining this relationship will add to the existing work which has documented important determinants of share returns on the stock exchange in South Africa, as well adding to the inconclusive link between sentiment and the South African financial markets. Does sentiment influence share returns or do share returns influence sentiment? Using quarterly data for the period 1996-2010, the study makes use of the FNB/BER Consumer Confidence Index as a proxy for investor sentiment, and the FTSE/JSE All Share Index to represent the South African financial markets. A regression analysis was conducted along with granger-causality tests, impulse response functions and variance decompositions in order to determine the nature of this relationship. The results showed that investor sentiment has a statistically significant relationship with share returns in South Africa. However, sentiment is only able to account for a very small portion of the variation in returns, with returns able to account for a larger portion of the variation in sentiment. Therefore investor sentiment is not a suitable predictor of share returns in South Africa. In addition, granger-causality tests indicate that returns are actually the leading indicator, suggesting that changes in South African investors’ confidence levels occur following changes in the state of the JSE. The limitations of the study include the infrequent nature of the sentiment measure used, thereby failing to capture important changes in sentiment and their immediate impact on financial markets. In addition, the sentiment of foreign investors must be taken into account due to the large foreign investment in the JSE.
16
Deng, Daniel. "Three essays on electricity spot and financial derivative prices at the Nordic power exchange /." Göteborg : Department of Economics, School of Economics and Commercial Law [Nationalekonomiska institutionen, Handelshögskolan], Göteborg University, 2006. http://www.handels.gu.se/epc/archive/00004820/01/Deng%5Ffull.pdf.
Full text
17
Pollock, A. C. "Modelling the UK real effective exchange rate index : A purchasing power parity framework." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379429.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the thesis is to explain short and medium term movements of the U.K. real effective exchange rate index from 1972 to 1984, within a relative purchasing power parity framework. This index is measured using both consumer and wholesale price indices. Movements are examined within a model that incorporates trade flow and asset market mechanisms. In order to validate the model, consideration of time series analysis, the measurement of expectations and the econometric estimation of the model are undertaken. The time series characteristics of the U.K. real and nominal effective exchange rate index are examined using regression, correlation, spectral and non-parametric statistical techniques. These imply that U.K. real exchange rate movements follow a quasi-random walk. Violations from the random walk occur partly due to the use of period averages in the construction of the index and partly from medium term time dependence. The empirical analysis of expectations is undertaken in a rational expectations framework. It is found that the best short term predictor of the nominal effective exchange rate index is a constructed forward effective exchange rate index. However, short term exchange rate movements appear largely due to 'news'. In the longer term, exchange rate expectations appear to be influenced by movements in the real current balance of goods and serVIces. The econometric analysis gives results broadly consistent with the model. This supports the view that the U.K. real effective exchange rate index returns to its equilibrium value in the long term, with movements in the short and medium terms eventually being corrected by trade flow and asset market mechanisms
18
Hughes, Alexandra Louise. "Changing food retailer-manufacturer power relations within national economies : a UK-USA comparison." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242177.
Full text
19
Ion, Mihaela Florentina. "Proton transport in proton exchange membrane fuel cells /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3164514.
Full text
20
Kim, Gil. "THREE ESSAYS ON EXCHANGE RATE ECONOMICS." UKnowledge, 2009. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/752.
Full textAbstract:
A country’s economy is becoming more and more dynamic and complicated in its scale and mobility. So, the concerns of exchange rate economics have become more popular. My research interest is in international economics with its major factor, exchange rates and other macroeconomic variables. Chapter 1 presents a brief introduction of the three studies.
Chapter Two investigate the role of exchange rate changes with particular attention to international capital flows. With liberalization of capital movements, international capital movements became free and unrestricted in many emerging market economies as well as developed countries. Using a Vector Auto-regressive (VAR) model for a small open economy in which the endogeneity of exchange rate changes is fully taken into account, I find that capital movements are more likely to be a cause of output fluctuations and current account deficits in developing countries than a channel of equilibrium changes. I also find that domestic currency depreciation is far more likely to be contractionary on domestic output in developing countries than in developed countries. Interestingly, the trade balance improves after depreciation regardless of its output consequence. These findings suggest that there are important differences between developed and developing economies in the way capital movements and exchange rate changes affect and are affected.
Chapter Three demonstrates the dynamic relationship between the current account and the real exchange rate in response to permanent and temporary shocks using structural VAR models for seven developed countries and five developing countries. Special focus is given to the issue of the stationarity of the current account. Capital flows are also included to capture external shocks as well as potential structural breaks due to financial liberalization. I find that the results for unit root tests for the current account are ambiguous. By testing two different VAR models, each taking an opposing stance on the stationarity of the current account, I conclude that responses based on a stationary current account are a better fit to the current theoretical view than those based on a nonstationary current account process. Additionally, the real exchange rate and the current account are positively correlated under a permanent shock while two variables are negatively correlated under a monetary shock. I also find that real exchange rate is an endogenous variable, which is not closely related to the temporary factors that affect the current account in the short run.
Chapter Four examines the long-run mean reverting behavior of the real exchange rates with its six different definitions for 27 economies using annual data from 1974 to 2003. I find that Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) holds better, and the half-life of the real exchange rates is shorter when the wholesale price index, rather than consumer price index, is used as price level measure. Somewhat surprisingly, there is no evidence that PPP holds better with trade-weighted real exchange rates than with bilateral ones regardless of the price index used. Strong evidence for PPP emerges only with the use of Im, Pesaran, and Shin (2003) panel tests but not with the Levine, Lin, and Chu (2002).
21
Enoksson, Viktor, and Fredrik Svedberg. "Optimization of hydro power on the Nordic electricity exchange using financial derivatives." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168655.
Full textAbstract:
Since the deregulation of the Nordic electricity market in 1996, electricity has become one of the most traded commodities in the Nordic region. The electricity price is characterized by large fluctuations as the supply and demand of electricity are seasonally dependent. The main interest of the hydro power producers is to assure that they can sell their hydro power at an attractive rate over time. This means that there is a demand for hedging against these fluctuations which in turn creates trading opportunities for third party actors that offer solutions between consumers and producers. Telge Krafthandel is one of these actors interested in predicting the future supply of hydro power, and consequently the resulting price of electricity. Several existing models employ the assumption of perfect foresight regarding the weather in the future. In this thesis, the authors develop new models for hydro power optimization that take hydrological uncertainty into account by implementing a variation of multi-stage optimization in order to maximize the income of the hydro power producers. The optimization is performed with respect to prices of financial derivatives on electricity. This gives insights into the expected supply of hydro power in the future which in turn can be used as an indicator of the price of electricity. The thesis also discusses, among other things, different methods for modeling stochastic inflow to the reservoirs and scenario construction. This practice will result in different methods that are suitable for various key players in the industry.Sedan avregleringen av den Nordiska elmarknaden år 1996 har el blivit en av de mest handlade råvarorna i Norden. Elpriset karaktäriseras av stora svängningar eftersom utbudet och efterfrågan på el är säsongsberoende. Huvudintresset för vattenkraftsproducenter är att säkerställa att de kan sälja sin vattenkraft till ett attraktivt pris över tid. Detta innebär att det finns en efterfrågan för skydd mot dessa variationer, vilket i sin tur skapar affärsmöjligheter för tredjepartsaktörer som erbjuder lösningar mellan konsumenter och producenter. Telge Krafthandel är en av dessa aktörer och är därmed intresserad av att förutsäga det framtida utbudet på vattenkraft, och det resulterande elpriset. Flera befintliga modeller använder antagandet om perfekt förutseende när det gäller vädret i framtiden. I denna rapport utvecklar författarna nya modeller för vattenkraftsoptimering, som tar hänsyn till hydrologisk osäkerhet genom att implementera en variant av flerstegsoptimering för att maximera intäkterna för vattenkraftsproducenter. Optimeringen utförs med hänsyn till priserna på elderivat. Detta ger insikter i den förväntade tillgången på vattenkraft i framtiden, vilket i sin tur kan användas som en indikator på elpriset. I rapporten diskuteras också, bland annat, olika metoder för att modellera stokastiskt inflöde till vattenmagasinen och scenariokonstruktion. Detta kommer att leda till flera metoder som är lämpliga för olika aktörer i branschen.
22
Pieperhoff, Martina. "The Explanatory Power of Reciprocal Behavior for the Inter-Organizational Exchange Context." MDPI AG, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10061850.
Full textAbstract:
In order to create sustainable competitive advantages, organizations are embedded in dyadic exchange relationships, which depend on the coordination of the behavior of the actors involved. Often, coordinated behavior is explained by trust. Since trust develops in a process of reciprocal responses to presumed trustworthy behavior, it is a reciprocity-based concept. While inter-organizational exchange relationships can appear in different stages (forming, establishing, broken), different reciprocity types (direct, indirect, negative) can be distinguished. The study links reciprocal behavior to different stages of inter-organizational exchange relationships in order to investigate reciprocity as a possible coordination mechanism of behavior and thus explore the basis of coordination of trust-based behavior. Qualitative Comparative Analysis as a set-theoretic approach is applied to analyze the empirical data consisting of 78 qualitative semi-structured interviews with managers of small-, medium- and large-sized companies. The results show that different reciprocity types become effective in different stages of an inter-organizational exchange relationship: For forming inter-organizational exchange relationships indirect reciprocal behavior, besides direct reciprocity, becomes effective while in establishing inter-organizational exchange relationships, direct reciprocal behavior is evident. Negative reciprocal behavior leads to a break up of relationships. Using these results, on the one hand, the concept of trust can be sharpened by deepening the understanding of the trust-building mechanisms and on the other hand, reciprocity can be seen as coordination mechanism in exchange relationships of different stages. In doing so, with this knowledge, relationships can be coordinated towards a long-term orientation in order to create sustainable advantages.
23
Unkovski, Goran. "Purchasing power parity and Reserve Bank intervention in the foreign exchange market." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5681.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references.This paper tests the behaviour of the PPP relationship in South Africa between 1993 and 2003 using cointegration techniques. The period under review is divided into two sub-phases. The first, from January 1993 to May 1998, encompasses the changing political situation and the initial effects of global integration for South Africa. It is found that the PPP relationship holds during this time frame.
24
Dúbravská, Pavla. "Purchasing Power Parity in Transition Economies." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-3895.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this diploma thesis is to assess purchasing power parity (PPP) under the conditions of transition process. The thesis provides a survey of the purchasing power parity theory and concentrates on the relative version. It outlines main causes of possible deviations and modifications of the model. In the empirical part four transition economies are tested for the PPP theory: the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. The diploma thesis concludes with analysis of the role of the exchange rate under conditions of a small open economy. The overall analysis is implemented within the context of real and nominal convergence towards European Union and future accession to the European Monetary Union.
25
Wittig, Timothy Simon. "Power, value, and the individual exchange : towards an improved conceptualization of terrorist finance." Thesis, St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/902.
Full text
26
Jiang, Ying. "Essays on forecasting exchange rate volatility, central bank interventions and purchasing power parity." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496272.
Full text
27
Lo, Ming Chien. "Essays on the nonlinear modeling of real exchange rates and price differentials /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7480.
Full text
28
Chen, Renjie. "Using PPP deviations as a trading rule : an indirect joint test of PPP and foreign exchange market efficiency." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42010.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis an international investment filter rule is used to test both the tendency for
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) to hold in the long run and the hypothesis of foreign
exchange market efficiency for the four most actively traded currencies in the world
vis-a-vis the United States dollar: the British pound, the Japanese yen, the Germany
mark, and the Canadian dollar. One way to examine whether there is a tendency for
PPP to hold in the long run and whether the foreign exchange market is efficient, is to
place more money in the 'undervalued' currency according to PPP deviations or to invest
according to PPP deviations, putting more money into interest bearing securities in the
'undervalued' currency, the more this currency is undervalued. The return can then be
compared with a reference rule which does not use this filter, but instead puts an equal
value of money into the currencies or the securities of each country.
This thesis has produced three results. First, using the PPP filter in the exchange
money market yields no significantly abnormal rate of return compared with the reference
rule. The result suggests that we can not reject the hypothesis that the tendency for PPP
to hold in the long run does not exist. Second, using the PPP filter to invest in securities
also yields no significantly higher rate of return compared with the reference rule. And
third, when comparing the domestic (or foreign) interest rates with the rates of return
for the domestic (or foreign) investor who uses the PPP filter, there is no significant
difference between these rates in the long run. The last two results suggest that we can
not reject the hypothesis that the foreign exchange-market is efficient.Business, Sauder School of
Graduate
29
Shokri, Mehdi [Verfasser]. "A Theory of Political Power and Rights : A Secret Exchange for Legitimacy / Mehdi Shokri." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1176708295/34.
Full text
30
Vera, Mariela Anahi. "A social exchange and power dependency theory perspective of Mexican immigrant family communication patterns." Scholarly Commons, 2008. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/690.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to identify the family communication patterns that were typical of Mexican immigrant'schildhood and parenthood, along with the influence that resources and the distribution of power and dependency have within the family structure. In doing so, this study demonstrated how a change in the family communication pattern occurs after migration to the United States. Moreover, this study uncovered some of the reasons behind the change in communication.
Fifteen conversational interviews were conducted in the homes of Mexican immigrants to address the following three research questions: (1) How do parents of Mexican immigrant families describe the family communication patterns that typified their communication with their parents, in terms of (a) socio-orientation versus concept orientation, (b) resources, and (c) power dependency? (2) How do parents of Mexican immigrant families describe the family communication patterns that typify their communication with their children, in terms of(a) socio-orientation versus concept orientation, (b) resources, and (c) power dependency? And (3) what suggestions do the parents of Mexican immigrant families have for improving family communication with their children?
The answers provided by the participants elicited thirteen key themes that provided interesting insights about this wide and critical population. The thirteen themes indicated that Mexican immigrant parents of pre adolescent children have constructed a hybrid communication pattern, which combines traditional characteristics with open and expressive characteristics. Mexican immigrant parents of young adult and adult children have developed an open and expressive communication pattern. This study also found that resources, acquired by U.S. born children, did not affect the distribution of relational power and dependency within their families nor did they create a shift in their family's communication power. A resource that did influence both relational power and the family's communication pattern was peer dependency.
31
Nomnqa, Myalelo Vuyisa. "Design of a domestic high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell cogeneration system : modelling and optimisation." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2574.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (DTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.Fuel cells are among power generation technologies that have been proven to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. They have the potential of being one of the most widely used technologies of the 21st century, replacing conventional technologies such as gas turbines in stationary power supplies, internal combustion engines in transport applications and the lithium-ion battery in portable power applications. This research project concentrates on the performance analysis of a micro-cogeneration system based on a high temperatureproton exchange membrane (HT-PEM) fuel cell through modelling and parametric analysis. A model of a 1kWe micro-cogeneration system that consists of a HT-PEM fuel cell, a methane steam reformer (MSR) reactor, a water-gas-shift (WGS) reactor, heat exchangers and an inverter was developed. The model is coded/implemented in gPROMS Model Builder, an equation oriented modelling platform. The models predictions for the HTPEM fuel cell, MSR and WGS, and the whole system were validated against experimental and numerical results from literature. The validation showed that the HT-PEM fuel cell model was able to predict the performance of a 1kWe fuel cell stack with an error of less than 6.4%. The system model is rstly used in a thermodynamic analysis of the fuel processor for a methane steam reforming process and investigated in terms of carbon monoxide produced. The combustor fuel and equivalence ratios were shown to be critical decision variables to be considered in order to keep the carbon monoxide from the fuel processor at acceptable levels for the fuel cell stack.
32
Page, Shannon Charles. "Testing Protocol Development for a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3519.
Full textAbstract:
Fuel cell technology has undergone significant development in the past 15 years, spurred in part by its unique energy conversion characteristics; directly converting chemical energy to electrical energy. As fuel cell technology has past through the prototype/pre-commercialisation development, there is increasing interest in manufacturing and application issues. Of the six different fuel cell types pursued commercially, the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell has received the greatest amount of research and development investment due to its suitability in a variety of applications. A particular application, to which state-of-the art PEMFC technology is suited, is backup/uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems, or stand-by power systems. The most important feature of any backup/UPS system is reliability. Traditional backup power systems, such as those utilising valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries, employ remote testing protocols that acquire battery state-of-health and state-of-charge information. This information plays a critical role in system management and reliability assurance. A similar testing protocol developed for a PEM fuel cell would be a valuable contribution to the commercialization of these systems for backup/UPS applications. This thesis presents a novel testing and analysis procedure, specifically designed for a PEM fuel cell in a backup power application. The test procedure electronically probes the fuel cell in the absence of hydrogen. Thus, the fuel cell is in an inactive, or passive, state throughout the testing process. The procedure is referred to as the passive state dynamic behaviour (PSDB) test. Analysis and interpretation of the passive test results is achieved by determining the circuit parameter values of an equivalent circuit model (ECM). A novel ECM of a fuel cell in a passive state is proposed, in which physical properties of the fuel cell are attributed to the circuit model components. Therefore, insight into the physical state of the fuel cell is achieved by determining the values of the circuit model parameters. A method for determining the circuit parameter values of many series connected cells (a stack) using the results from a single stack test is also presented. The PSDB test enables each cell in a fuel cell stack to be tested and analysed using a simple procedure that can be incorporated into a fuel cell system designed for backup power applications. An experimental system for implementing the PSDB test and evaluating the active performance of three different PEM fuel cells was developed. Each fuel cell exhibited the same characteristic voltage transient when subjected to the PSDB test. The proposed ECM was shown to accurately model the observed transient voltage behaviour of a single cell and many series connected cells. An example of how the PSDB test can provide information on the active functionality of a fuel cell is developed. This method consists of establishing baseline performance of the fuel cell in an active state, in conjunction with a PSDB test and identification of model parameter values. A subsequent PSDB test is used to detect changes in the state of the fuel cell that correspond to performance changes when the stack is active. An explicit example is provided, where certain cells in a stack were purposefully humidified. The change in state of the cells was identified by the PSDB test, and the performance change of the effected cells was successfully predicted. The experimental test results verify the theory presented in relation to the PSDB test and equivalent circuit model.
33
Seka, Gilles-Eric Kotchi Gardner H. Stephen. "The utility of the passing time and measurement of the purchasing power of currencies in the flexible-exchange-rate system." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5252.
Full text
34
Bukat, Michał Aleksander. "Purchasing Power Parity - Theory and Practice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206079.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis explains the theory of purchasing power parity and related concepts. It shows differences in prices and wages all around the globe and gives theoretical explanation of existing disparities. The goal is to find out how prices differ in reality, where costs of living are the highest or the lowest and what makes some products more or less expensive in different countries. In order to answer the questions the thesis deals with, the variety of sources was used, starting from economics textbooks, academic journals, literature reviews, the Economist website, a study of UBS 'Prices and Earnings', International Monetary Fund database and others.
35
Schaefer, David. "Resource Variation in Social Exchange Networks: the Effects of Duplicability And Transferability on the Use of Power." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194654.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation presents a theory explaining how characteristics of the resources exchanged in networks influence the outcomes actors experience. I draw upon social exchange theory and social network research to identify valuable benefits provided by networks and relevant dimensions of resource variation. I identify control benefits and diversity benefits as important outcomes driven by network processes. Control benefits derive from exchanging at a favorable rate; diversity benefits are due to the variety of resources an actor receives through exchange. Both of these outcomes have structural foundations; thus actors' benefits are contingent upon their location in the network. I identify two dimensions of resource variation that alter whether resources can be used in multiple exchanges. Duplicability refers to whether a resource provider retains control of the resource and can use it in a subsequent exchange. Transferability refers to whether a resource recipient can utilize that resource in another exchange. Variation along these dimensions affects the mechanisms that produce benefits, such that the advantage of a position depends upon the type of resource exchanged. Hypotheses generated through this theoretical logic are tested in a laboratory experiment. Results provide strong support for the theory: Across the same network structure, resource variation alone produces fundamentally different distributions of control and diversity benefits. The theory successfully predicts how resource characteristics determine 1) variation in control benefits across relations, 2) ordering of diversity benefits across positions, and 3) the correlation of control and diversity benefits across resource types. Implications of these results for social exchange and social network theories are discussed.
36
Korhonen, M. (Marko). "Nonlinearities in exchange rate: evidence from smooth transition regression model." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2005. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514279468.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
The purchasing power parity puzzle, exchange rate disconnection to macroeconomic fundamentals and pricing to market are central issues of international macroeconomics. Recent research has suggested that these issues can be presented by nonlinear behaviour. In this dissertation, we examine and explain the nonlinearities in the form of regime switching behaviour in real exchange rate series, exchange rate and macroeconomic fundamentals relation and exchange rate pass-through into consumer and import prices. Overall, we find evidence that nonlinearities are important in analysing empirical exchange rate models. The dissertation consists of four self-contained empirical studies.
In chapter 2 we examine whether the Markov switching models and exponential smooth transition autoregressive models can give any additional insights into real exchange rate behaviour for several OECD countries. The results show that there are long swings in the real exchange rate series, which can be characterize as a depreciation and an appreciation regime. These regimes are very persistent, although the processes are eventually mean reverting.
We estimate a multivariate smooth transition autoregressive model for the euro/dollar exchange rate in chapter 3. The significant point of our analysis is the possibility that a nonlinear specification for the exchange rate series might reveal aspects of the exchange rate dynamics that cannot be picked up by linear models. We find that the euro/dollar exchange rate may display random walk or near random walk behaviour within a certain range but the ability of the exchange rate to wander without any bound is limited by long-term government bond interest rate differentials.
In chapter 4 we examine nonlinear relationships between macroeconomic fundamentals and exchange rate for G-7 countries. We estimate a smooth transition error correction model that allows for parameter variation in the error correction form and interest rate differentials. The nonlinearity is determined by the inflation rate differentials between countries. We find significant error correction terms in monetary models. Our findings suggest the importance of nonlinear dynamics for examining deviations from the long-run equilibrium.
We examine whether the degree of exchange rate pass-through is dependent on importing country inflation rate in chapter 5. Our model shows that import prices respond differently to exchange rate changes when we are in a high inflation regime compared to a low inflation regime. We also present empirical evidence by estimating pass-through elasticises for several OECD countries. We find that consumer prices are not very sensitive to exchange rate changes. For aggregate import prices, we find partial or full exchange rate pass-throughs.
The tested nonlinear regime specific models proved appropriate for testing exchange rate dynamics for several currency pairs. Furthermore, we were able to present that macroeconomic fundamentals are important predictors of exchange rates.
37
Mäsiarová, Jana. "Exchange Rate Modelling - Parities and Czech Crown." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-17469.
Full textAbstract:
The paper analyses validity of main exchange rate theories in case of the Czech crown. Investigated relationships comprise purchasing power parity, interest rate parity and real interest monetary model. Technical part of the analysis involves cointegration, namely Johansen's method based on vector autoregressive models. Two currency pairs are in the focus: CZK/EUR and CZK/USD. Empirical calculations did not prove the absolute validity of the theories but pointed out to other factors of exchange rate, such as convergence process, impacts on inflation targeting decisions, non-monetarist determinants and the recent financial crisis.
38
Dror, Marika. "Forecasting of exchange rates." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-202335.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis investigates different exchange rate models and their forecasting performance. The work takes previous literature overview and summarize their findings. Despite the significant amount of papers which were done on the topic of exchange rate forecast, basically none of them cannot find an appropriate model which would outperform a forecast of a simple random walk in every horizon or for any currency pair. However, there are some positive findings in specific cases (e.g. for specific pair or for specific time horizon). The study provides up-to-date analysis of four exchange rates (USD/CZK, USD/ILS, USD/GBP and USD/EUR) for the period of time from January 2000 to August 2013 and analyse forecasting performance of seven exchange rate models (uncovered interest rate parity model, purchasing power parity model, monetary model, monetary model with error correction, Taylor rule model, hidden Markov model and ESTAR model). Although, the results are in advantage of Taylor rule model, especially for the exchange rate of USD/CZK, I cannot prove that the forecasting performance is significantly better than the random walk model. Except of the overall analysis, the work suppose instabilities in the time. Stock and Watson (2003) found that the forecast predictability is not stable over time. As a consequence, the econometric model can give us better forecast than random walk process at some period of time, however at other period, the forecasting ability can be worse than random walk. Based on Fluctuation test of Giacomini and Rossi (2010a) every model is analysed how the out-of-sample forecast ability changes over time.
39
Srinivasan, Padmanabhan. "Dynamic modeling and control of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell as a distributed generator." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3087.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 62 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-48).
40
Sin, Ricky W. C. (Ricky Wai-Chuen). "Goal attainment, social exchange and power relations : a search for guiding principles for organizing strategy." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23315.
Full textAbstract:
This qualitative research employed the single case study approach to review the process by which service users and the staff of a food bank successfully broke through the bureaucratic resistance and secured new premises from the City of Montreal. This study explores the capacity of weaker parties to achieve their desired goal through strategic intervention on social exchange network despite the pre-existing asymmetric power relations. The conception of goal attainment, power relations and social exchange were discussed in order to develop the research questions. Case materials were collected from multiple sources: documentary research, in-depth interviews, and observation. The findings demonstrate that internal solidarity, potential uses of coalitions and expansion of resource networks are fundamental factors for members of a subordinate group to gain power and to achieve their goals. Implications for community organization practice were drawn from the overview of the empirical findings and theoretical concepts.
41
Darbellay, Alina Maria Anna. "Rural-urban interactions in North Chuquisaca, Bolivia : flow of goods, relational exchange and power relations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294182.
Full text
42
Glabman, Shira. "Effect of inorganic filler size on nanocomposite ion exchange membranes for salinity gradient power generation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54311.
Full textAbstract:
Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a technique that can capture electrical potential from mixing two water streams of different salt concentration through permselective ion exchange membranes. Effective design of ion exchange membranes through structure optimization is critical to increase the feasibility of salinity gradient power production by RED. In this work, we present the preparation of organic-inorganic nanocomposite cation exchange membranes containing sulfonated polymer, poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide), and sulfonated silica (SiO2-SO3H). The effect of silica filler size at various loading concentrations on membrane structures, electrochemical properties, and the RED power performance is investigated. The membranes containing bigger-sized fillers (70 nm) at 0.5 wt% SiO2-SO3H exhibited a relatively favorable electrochemical characteristic for power performance: an area resistance of 0.85 Ω cm2, which is around 9.3% lower than the resistance of the membranes with smaller filler particles. The power performance of this nanocomposite cation exchange membrane in a RED stack showed 10% higher power output compared with the membranes containing small particle size and achieved the highest gross power density of 1.3 W m-2. Thus, further optimized combination of material properties and membrane structure is a viable option for the development of effective ion exchange membrane design, which could provide desirable electrochemical performance and greater power production by RED.
43
Clayton, John. "The Exchange of Power and Cultural Attitudes as Authentic Practice in Japanese EFL Pedagogical Spaces." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1305895854.
Full text
44
Monier, Janis Pabst. "Community development in rural America: the power to exchange capital resources in Norton County, Kansas." Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9970.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work
Gerad D. Middendorf
Although rural communities have great diversity, each rural community has resources that can be invested to develop community capital resources. Every rural community not only has resources that are held by local community members, each rural community is also embedded in a larger social network that has the power to exchange resources for its own benefit. Therefore, the holders of a rural community’s resources also have the power to influence the distribution of these resources. As a way to determine who holds the community’s capital resources and begin the community development process, Flora et al. (2006) encouraged rural community development practitioners to perform an assessment of their community’s built, financial, political, social, human, cultural, and natural capitals. The case study method was utilized for the research conducted in this study because of its ability to aid in determining the success or failure of Norton County Economic Development’s Downtown Program, which focused on the revitalization of Norton County’s downtown areas. It was revealed that many of the Downtown Development programs were successfully implemented because the resources that were controlled by local and outside power structures, which also constituted the dynamic and interactive power structure within that system, were identified, mobilized, and utilized in this rural economic development program. This study contributed to sociological knowledge because it looked at the ability of dynamic and interactive power structures to control capital resources in rural community development. As well, this study extended the literature on the importance of participation, solidarity, and the exchange of resources in rural community development, and added to the research on the use of community capitals in identifying and utilizing capital resources in planning rural community development programs that are successful.
45
Ballard, Billy L. (Billy Lanoy). "Corporate Tax Rates and the Purchasing Power Parity Doctrine." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500570/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis analyzes the effect of corporate tax rates on the purchasing-power-parity (PPP) doctrine. The data used to test this hypothesis are drawn from the U. S., the U. K., the Federal Republic of Germany, Canada, and Japan. The first chapter introduces the reader to the concepts of the PPP doctrine and states the hypothesis. Chapter 2 reviews the literature on the PPP doctrine. Chapter 3 specifies a model of the PPP doctrine including tax rates. Chapter 4 reports and interprets the findings. The study is summarized and conclusions are drawn in chapter 5. In this study it is shown that tax rates are significant only in the case of the U. S. dollar/Canadian dollar exchange rate.
46
Kapche, Fotso Herve Moise. "Cyclicality of size, value and momentum on the Johannesburg stock exchange." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7316.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Commercii - MComOver the past four decades, size, value and momentum effects have been uncovered on stock markets, and several multifactor asset pricing models have been proposed to explain them. The associated premiums have been found to be time-varying and the explanations behind the effects are still debated. In South Africa, contradictory findings have been reported on the existence of those effects and the explanatory power of multifactor models. More important, the cyclicality of the effects and the risk/mispricing debate have been given little attention. In this regard, this study purports to establish the existence of size, value and momentum effects, investigate the explanatory power of the Fama-French three- and five-factor models (FF3F and FF5F respectively), and Carhart four-factor model (C4F), and examine the cyclicality and risk-based rationale of the style premiums on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). Using a research sample comprised of common stocks included in the FTSE/JSE All Share Index (ALSI) for the period 1 January 2002 - 31 December 2018, the study subdivides the examination period into two business cycles, with each cycle including one upward phase and one downward phase
47
Jalksjö, Rebecca, and Monika Sers. "Maktförskjutning i BDSM-relationer och dess betydelse för personlig utveckling." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-41315.
Full textAbstract:
Det finns ett stigma runt individer som praktiserar BDSM och lever i relationer med någon form av maktförskjutning. Den här studien gjordes för att öka förståelsen för individer som själva valt att leva i en relation med inslag av maktförskjutning. Studien handlade om huruvida maktförskjutning påverkar individers syn på sig själva och deras personliga utveckling. Sju män och sju kvinnor intervjuades, både dominanta och undergivna. Resultatet gav fyra teman och åtta subteman. Centralt i resultatet var kommunikation, dominans, kärlek och personlig utveckling. Deltagarna berättade om hur relationen påverkat dem på olika sätt och genom att leva i en relation med maktförskjutning upplevdes en förstärkt självkänsla. De effekter som bland andra belystes av deltagarna, var att acceptera sig själv och att växa som människa och partner. Kärlek, kommunikation och samtycke är några essentiella begrepp inom BDSM-relationer, vilket även är vad majoriteten av deltagarna själva nämner som faktorer till deras personliga utveckling.
48
Khoo, Sye Min. "Long run real exchange rate movements in fourteen Asian economies, the validity of purchasing power parity." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ35508.pdf.
Full text
49
Hong, Jin Gi. "Development of process-based model and novel nanocomposite cation exchange membranes for salinity gradient power production." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53530.
Full textAbstract:
Ocean salinity is a renewable energy source that has not been recognized and could provide an opportunity to capture significant amount of clean energy when it mixes with river water. One of the processes emerging as a sustainable method for capturing energy from seawater is reverse electrodialysis (RED), which generates power via the transport of the positive and negative ions in the water through selective ion exchange membranes (IEMs). RED power generation is relatively close to commercialization, but its application is often limited by system power efficiency in natural water conditions. Although various types of salt ions exist in environmental saline water, most efforts have been focused on sodium chloride as a single ionic source in the water and the effects of other common multivalent ions (e.g., magnesium and sulfate) on power generation remain unexplored. Moreover, the commercial feasibility of RED is highly challenged by the absence of specialized RED membranes. Currently available IEMs are not optimized for RED power conversion systems, but successful operation is highly dependent on the membranes used. Major advances in manufacturing of proper IEMs will be a critical pathway to accelerate large-scale energy conversion by RED.
Therefore, this study aimed at advancing our understanding of the RED power system for efficient and stable salinity gradient energy generation. Specifically, it is comprised of three parts. First, a mathematical model is developed for three different monovalent and multivalent ion combinations to determine the effect of different ionic compositions of the feed solution on the power density. Efforts are further made to optimize the RED system with respect to improving power density by investigating the sensitivity of key response parameters such as flow rate ratios and intermembrane distance ratios. Second, novel organic-inorganic nanocomposite cation exchange membranes (CEMs) are synthesized for RED application by introducing functionalized inorganic materials into an organic polymer matrix. The effect of inorganic particle filler loading within the organic polymer matrix on physico- and electrochemical performance is investigated. The results revealed that the increase of functionalized nanoparticle loading controls the effective ion transport in the membrane structure and there exists an optimum amount of nanoparticles (i.e., charged groups), which performs the best in selectively exchanging counter-ions, while excluding co-ionic species. Third, the membrane structure modification is demonstrated to enhance ion transport while maintaining large surface-charged functional groups in the polymer matrix. We have synthesized custom nanocomposite CEMs to tailor porous membrane structures of various thicknesses, aging (evaporation) time, and inorganic nanoparticle loadings. We have further tailored the membrane structure by incorporating different inorganic particle filler sizes. These engineered design approaches are found to be highly effective in obtaining desired physico- and electrochemical properties, which allowed higher ionic current flow throughout the system. Furthermore, for the first time we showed the successful application of tailor-made nanocomposite CEMs in a RED stack and achieved superb power density, which exceeds the power output obtained with the commercially available membranes.
In summary, this dissertation has advanced our understanding of salinity gradient energy generation using RED technique. Specifically, computational modeling and simulation study investigates the development and optimization approaches of the RED process for practical application of RED using natural water conditions. Furthermore, the RED membranes developed in this dissertation focuses on fabrication, characterization, and optimization of cation exchange membranes. Overall, the results of this study are anticipated to benefit the future optimization of energy-capturing mechanisms in RED and provide the better pathway for the sustainable salinity gradient power generation.
50
Gallant, Betar M. (Betar Maurkah). "Influence of electrode stress on proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance : experimental characterization and power optimization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45797.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-83).
Compressive stress applied to the electrode area of a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell is known to significantly affect power output. In practice, electrode stress arises during operation due to the clamping force that is necessary for sealing the cell. In traditional fuel cell designs, the sealing requirement and the clamping stress are inherently coupled and it is difficult to experimentally determine the magnitude of stress experienced by the electrodes. Investigations of the stress-performance relationship in the literature have not addressed this inherent coupling and it is uncertain whether prior stress measurement techniques are accurate. In order to address the limitations of a traditional fuel cell design in applying and measuring electrode stress, a new test setup was designed by the author in which electrode stress and sealing requirements are decoupled and applied stress is constrained to the electrode area only. This test setup allows for accurate description of the stressdependent cell performance as a function of different operating and engineering parameters. Data collected using this test setup can be used to optimize PEM fuel cell performance through consideration of the inherent coupling between parameters and their effect on power output. Performance data as a function of applied stress were obtained using the new setup for a range of cell temperatures and inlet gas pressures. In general, the peak power density was found to increase rapidly at low applied stress (below 1.6 MPa) and to level off near 4.0 MPa. Changing the cell backpressure from 0 psi to 10 psi and then 20 psi improved the power density at high stress but did not help performance below 1.6 MPa. Cell operation at 45°C yielded a power density that was 28% higher than at 23°C, but a further increase to 65°C caused cell performance to decline at all values of applied stress. Overall, increasing the applied stress from 0.8 MPa to 4.4 MPa resulted in an increase in the cell power density by a factor of 2-3 for all operating conditions.and had a greater effect on cell performance than did changing the backpressure or cell temperature.
by Betar M. Gallant.
S.B.