Journal articles on the topic 'Exceptional children – Family relationships'
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1
Gyimesi, Emese. "The Stepfamily from Children’s Perspectives in Pest-Buda in the 1860s." Hungarian Historical Review 9, no. 4 (2020): 693–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.38145/2020.4.693.
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This paper examines the distinctive aspects of children’s letter-writing practices, sibling relationships, and the use of urban spaces by one of the most educated, intellectual stepfamilies in mid-nineteenth century Pest-Buda. In this bourgeois family, children grew up in an exceptionally rich intellectual atmosphere, as their mother (Júlia Szendrey) was a poet, writer and translator, their father (Árpád Horvát) was a historian, and one of their uncles (Pál Gyulai) was the most significant literary critic of the time. Consequently, reading and writing was a fun game and a source of joy for even the youngest members of the family. As a result, many of the analyzed sources were produced by children, offering us the exceptional possibility to examine stepfamily relations, emotional practices, urban and everyday life, as well as material culture from the perspective of children. The study aims to identify the practices through which the family experience and the family identity and the sense of belonging in the Szendrey-Horvát family were constructed.
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Velišek-Braško, Otilia, Mila Beljanski, and Nikola Vetnić. "“DUALLY EXCEPTIONAL” FAMILIES: SPECIFICS, NEEDS AND PROBLEMS." Journal of Social Sciences IV, no. 2 (May 2021): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/jss.utm.2021.4(2).01.
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Families blessed with a child with developmental disabilities or a gifted child are not typical families. Such families are exposed to specifics in day-to-day function, establishing interpersonal relationships and fulfilling their family roles. The object of research and studies carried out so far are twice-exceptional individuals, thus excluding the families with one gifted child and another with developmental disabilities. Dually exceptional families have dual challenges in providing additional individualized support for children, in two completely different ways, in two different directions. Based on the results and the analysis of case study of two dually different families, areas in which additional support is required by such families and parents are identified according to family functions, as well as recommendations as to how to empower these areas.
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Öberg, Peter, and Torbjorn Bildtgard. "BLOOD THICKER THAN WATER? STEPGAP IN INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2481.
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Abstract The increasing prevalence of ageing stepfamilies and stepchildren’s potential to act as a source of support for older parents has prompted research about intergenerational cohesion in step-relationships. Previous research has hypothesized a qualitative gap (a step-gap) between step and biological relationships to the advantage of the latter. In this Swedish study we compare emotional closeness between older parents and adult children among parents (aged 66-79) who have had both biological and stepchildren, and children (aged X-Y) who have had both biological and stepparents. Qualitative interviews (n=24) of family histories including a hierarchical convoy model of family relationships were collected and analyzed. Results show that with few exceptions biological relationships are rated as emotionally closer than step-relationships, both by parents and adult children, supporting the step-gap hypothesis. While the older parents tend to deemphasize the importance of blood for their ratings, the adult children often emphasize the importance of blood. The difference is explained by a parental adherence to an ideology of equal treatment of children, while the adult children stress the importance of biology for their identity and belonging.
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Scott, Rachel, Danielle Nadorff, Loriena Yancura, and Melissa Barnett. "The Role of Intergenerational Relationships: Applying the Family Stress Model to Grandfamilies." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1124.
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Abstract The Family Stress Model (FSM) of Economic Hardship (Conger, Rueter, & Conger, 2000) was developed to explain the impact of financial stress on families through links between economic difficulties, parental emotional distress, marital conflict, disrupted parenting behaviors, and child maladjustment. The FSM has been cross validated in samples of custodial grandparents (i.e., grandparents who provide substantial care for their grandchildren; Smith et al., 2017). The current study modified the FSM by replacing inter-parent relationship difficulties with inter-generational relationship problems between the custodial grandparents and their children to ultimately examine the adjustment of the grandchildren. This change to the model is supported by prior research conducted on intergenerational stress impacting the parenting and subsequent development of children in grandfamilies (Barnett, Mills-Koonce, Gustafsson, & Cox, 2012). Using a nationwide sample of 317 custodial grandparents aged 40 and older (M = 61 yr) the fit of the modified model was tested using AMOS 26. Latent variables in the model included Economic Pressure, Caregiver Distress, Disrupted Parenting, Intergenerational Relationship, and Child Adjustment. Moderate fit was achieved (χ2(308) = 574.88; CFI = .896; RMSEA = .052). All pathways were significant with the exception of Disrupted Parenting to Child Adjustment. These results indicate that intergenerational relationships are an important predictor of child adjustment, and an applicable substitute for inter-partner relationships when modeling family stress in custodial grandfamilies. Details and clinical implications will be discussed.
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Беспалов, Юрий Федорович. "PROPERTY INTEREST IN MAINTENANCE OBLIGATIONS: ON THE SCOPE OF ARTICLE 86 FAMILY CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Право, no. 4(64) (December 15, 2020): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtpravo/2020.4.007.
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В данном научном труде представлен подход автора к пониманию существа интереса и пределов его действия в алиментных обязательствах родителей и детей, связанных с участием родителей в дополнительных расходах на содержание ребенка, которые вызваны исключительными обстоятельствами. Сделан вывод о том, что дополнительная забота родителей о ребенке возникает на основании нескольких взаимосвязанных между собой обстоятельств: родственной связи; трудной жизненной ситуации, в которой оказался ребенок; отношений по содержанию; неурегулированности разногласий между родителями; наличия объективной связи исключительных обстоятельств с расходами; имущественного интереса родителей и ребенка. Предложено изменить редакцию ст. 86 СК РФ с целью соответствия содержащихся в ней положений интересам родителей и ребенка, характеризующихся их гармоничным сочетанием. This scientific work presents the author’s approach to understanding the essence of interest and the extent of its action in the alimony obligations of parents and children associated with the participation of parents in additional costs for the maintenance of a child, which are caused by exceptional circumstances. It is concluded that additional parental care for the child arises on the basis of several interrelated circumstances: kinship; difficult life situations in which the child finds himself; content relationships; unresolved disagreements between parents; the existence of an objective connection of exceptional circumstances with costs; property interests of parents and the child. It is proposed to change the wording of Art. 86 of the IC of the Russian Federation in order to comply with the provisions contained in it with the interests of parents and the child, characterized by their harmonious combination.
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Rebay-Salisbury, Katharina. "3. Personal Relationships between Co-buried Individuals in the Central European Early Bronze Age." AmS-Skrifter, no. 26 (May 2, 2019): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/ams-skrifter.v0i26.208.
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People were usually buried in single, individual graves in Early Bronze Age Austria and the surrounding areas, but there are some exceptions. In burials of two or more people, it is often the way that bodies were placed in relation to each other that suggests familiarity, if not family. This paper reviews the social relations expressed through co-burials, and aims to better understand relationships between couples, siblings, or parents and children. The chapter particularly highlights mother-child relationships and presents graves of pregnant women and graves of women and children buried together, in order to understand how such individuals were treated by their societies in death. Ages and age gaps between co-buried individuals reveal the most likely ages for life-transitions such as first motherhood and the addition of new family members. The analysis compares evidence from two different, but contemporary cultural groups (Únětice and Unterwölbing) to shed light on prehistoric gender relations, family structures and social organisation through the lens of the burial record.
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Shapiro, Danielle N., Jennifer Waljee, Steven Buchman, Kavitha Ranganathan, and Seth Warshcausky. "Gender Views and Relationships in Families of Children With Craniofacial Differences." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 55, no. 2 (December 14, 2017): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665617726534.
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Objective: Gender values and beliefs are known to influence family functioning. The aim of the current study was to describe the association between views about gender and family functioning within families with a child with a craniofacial difference (CFD). Design: Participants included 74 dyads composed of children (8-18 years old) with CFD (n = 36 female), including cleft lip/palate, and a parent (n = 56 female). Children and caregivers both completed the activities subscale of the Occupations, Activities, and Traits–Attitudes Measure (C/OAT-AM). Children completed selected items from the Parent Perception Inventory (PPI). Caregivers completed the nurturance subscale of the Parenting Dimensions Inventory–Short Form (PDI-S) and the Parenting Stress Scale (PSS). Setting: Participants were recruited from an outpatient program at an academic medical center. Results: There were no significant relationships among the participant demographics and the study variables, with the exception that more complex CFD diagnoses were correlated with increased parenting stress. General linear modeling showed that parents with more flexible gender attitudes reported more nurturing parenting behaviors. There was also a positive association between parental flexibility in gender views and child-reported parent-child relationship quality. An interaction showed that the relationship between parental flexibility in gender views and child-reported relationship quality was stronger for females and nonsignificant for males. Conclusions: Caregivers with more flexible gender attitudes perceived themselves as more nurturing and were seen more positively by their daughters with a CFD. This pattern may inform parenting interventions for CFD populations.
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Vasilenko, V. E., S. S. Savenysheva, and O. O. Zapletina. "Parenting Stress and Daily Hassles in Mothers of Young and Preschool Children." Консультативная психология и психотерапия 29, no. 4 (2021): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2021290403.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of parenting stress, daily hassles and the relationship of their parameters in mothers of young and preschool children. Sample: 112 mothers from Saint Petersburg, children aged from 4 months up to 7 years. Methods: Parenting Sress Index (PSI-4) by R. Abidin, questionnaire of daily hassles by M.D. Petrash, O.Y. Strizhitskaya, L.A. Golovey, S.S. Savenysheva, STAI by C.D. Spielberger adapted by Y.L. Khanin, socio-biographical questionnaire. Results: A high level of parenting stress was revealed, especially in the domain, associated with the characteristics of the parent himself and his feelings about how he copes with the parental role. The level of daily hassles corresponds to the standards, with the most pronounced stressors in the family domain. Close relationships between parenting stress and daily hassles were found, with the exception of the field of work, while no relationship with life stress was identified. Depression, relationship problems and incompetence are most closely related to daily hassles. Parenting stress is positively correlated with state and trait anxiety. Parenting stress is not related to the age of the mother, the age and gender of the child, family experience and the number of children. However, it is less pronounced with more employment at work.
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Denkova, Jovanka D. "THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FRIENDSHIP AND LONELINESS IN PEER RELATIONSHIPS, SHOWN IN MACEDONIAN LITERATURE FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH." Detinjstvo L, no. 1 (2024): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/childhood24.1.133d.
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Humans are social beings for whom social communication with other people is vital. Usually, when the word “loneliness” is mentioned, the first association is related to older people, or people of an advanced age. But the fact is that loneliness cannot be linked specifically to a certain age in a person. Neither children nor adolescents are an exception to that. Adolescence is a period of transition, in which young people face many new challenges, both in their family and at school. Hence, it is crucial for the young man to have harmonious relations in his family, and especially to establish friendly relations at school, in places where young people go out, etc. In this way, friendship with peers can relieve them of the stress related to school, grades, appearance that changes “overnight”, etc. In this article, we refer to those few key moments, through appropriate examples that we will extract from contemporary Macedonian literature for children and youth.
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Björnberg, Åsa, and Nigel Nicholson. "The Family Climate Scales—Development of a New Measure for Use in Family Business Research." Family Business Review 20, no. 3 (September 2007): 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2007.00098.x.
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The article reports on the development of the Family Climate Scales (FCS) questionnaire. The FCS is a multilevel, self-report, whole-family index of aspects of family culture and process for use in nonclinical settings with families where the children may be adults. It was designed to be particularly but not exclusively applicable in the context of family business. The FCS measures on six scales: Open Communication, Adaptability, Intergenerational Authority, Intergenerational Attention to Needs, Emotional Cohesion, and Cognitive Cohesion. Results indicate very high levels of internal consistency. Subscale intercorrelations are also high, with the exception of the Intergenerational Authority subscale. Analyses using structural equation modeling confirmed the hypothesized six-factor structure of family climate. No significant differences in family climate were found between business/nonbusiness families in the sample. Other relationships in the data set lend support to the validity and usefulness of the measure. Implications for family business theory/research and practitioners are discussed.
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Plomin, Robert, and Denise Daniels. "Why are children in the same family so different from one another?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10, no. 1 (March 1987): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00055941.
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AbstractOne of the most important findings that has emerged from human behavioral genetics involves the environment rather than heredity, providing the best available evidence for the importance of environmental influences on personality, psychopathology, and cognition. The research also converges on the remarkable conclusion that these environmental influences make two children in the same family as different from one another as are pairs of children selected randomly from the population.The theme of the target article is that environmental differences between children in the same family (called “nonshared environment”) represent the major source of environmental variance for personality, psychopathology, and cognitive abilities. One example of the evidence that supports this conclusion involves correlations for pairs of adopted children reared in the same family from early in life. Because these children share family environment but not heredity, their correlation directly estimates the importance of shared family environment. For most psychological characteristics, correlations for adoptive “siblings” hover near zero, which implies that the relevant environmental influences are not shared by children in the same family. Although it has been thought that cognitive abilities represent an exception to this rule, recent data suggest that environmental variance that affects IQ is also of the nonshared variety after adolescence.The article has three goals: (1) To describe quantitative genetic methods and research that lead to the conclusion that nonshared environment is responsible for most environmental variation relevant to psychological development, (2) to discuss specific nonshared environmental influences that have been studied to date, and (3) to consider relationships between nonshared environmental influences and behavioral differences between children in the same family. The reason for presenting this article in BBS is to draw attention to the far-reaching implications of finding that psychologically relevant environmental influences make children in a family different from, not similar to, one another.
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Jorgenson, David E. "TRANSMITTING METHODS OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION FROM PARENTS TO CHILDREN: A REPLICATION AND COMPARISON OF BLACKS AND WHITES, MALES AND FEMALES." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 13, no. 2 (January 1, 1985): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1985.13.2.109.
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This study is an attempt to replicate a study of conflict resolution in the family by Steinmetz (1977). Her model indicates that husband and wife set the pattern for conflict resolution and this pattern is used in their resolution of conflict with their children and modeled by their children in their conflict resolution with each other. In addition, the variables of race and sex are introduced. The Conflict Tactics Scale was administered to students on two college campuses. The results agree with the Steinmetz study with one exception. The patterns of conflict resolution are similar for blacks and whites with one exception and there are several disimilarities between males and females relative to conflict resolution. When racial and sexual comparisons are made, the results indicate that the transmission of patterns for conflict resolution are not adopted by children in their sibling relationships.
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Pattison, Brent. "When Children Object: Amplifying an Older Child’s Objection to Termination of Parental Rights." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 49.3 (2016): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.49.3.when.
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Each year, thousands of children become wards of the state when a court terminates the legal rights of their parents. Between 2010 and 2014, more than 307,000 children lost their legal relationships to their parents in Termination of Parental Rights (TPR) proceedings. A growing percentage of child welfare cases involve older children. At the same time, too many young people lose their legal relationships with their parents without a family waiting to adopt them. The stakes are high for children in TPR cases; nonetheless, many children—even older children—cannot meaningfully participate in proceedings. Moreover, TPR cases threaten parents’ and children’s rights to familial association. Nonetheless, courts have struggled with how to incorporate the perspectives of older children in TPR cases. Children infrequently attend court proceedings, and the court may receive competing narratives regarding the child’s position. Children are not always represented by lawyers in TPR proceedings, and when they do have legal representation, it may only be by a guardian ad litem (GAL) who presents her position on what is in the child’s best interests, rather than advocating for what the child actually wants. This Article explores how courts should address an older child’s objection to TPR and ensure meaningful consideration of the child’s perspective. A small minority of states give courts the discretion to decline to terminate parental rights when an older child objects to termination. In states with such an exception, how should courts handle older children’s perspectives? What is the proper weight to give an objection? How should courts decide whether to terminate parental rights when an older child objects? This Article addresses these questions in three parts. First, the Article describes the state statutes that create exceptions to TPR when an older child objects and analyzes the case law relating to those exceptions. Second, the Article outlines why consideration of a child’s objection makes sense from legal and social work perspectives, especially in light of our current understanding of child development and legal decision-making in other contexts. Finally, the Article argues that states should adopt a hybrid version of the objections to termination currently in place in Virginia and Iowa. It also considers concerns of practical implementation.
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Haidar, Ban S., and Hedda Meadan. "Examining Parental Stress and Autism in the Early Days of the Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Study." Disabilities 4, no. 1 (February 23, 2024): 144–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/disabilities4010010.
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In this convergent parallel mixed-methods study, we investigated the early impact of the COVID-19 stay-at-home mandate in Illinois on 16 caregivers of children with autism. Our goal was to understand contributors to caregivers’ stress by integrating qualitative and quantitative data. Through a joint display, we explored the intricate relationship between caregivers’ perceptions of their child’s needs, the loss of essential services, and stress levels. The caregivers’ reported needs, wishes, barriers, and coping strategies informed and corroborated final quantitative results on stress levels. Significant associations were found between stress levels and caregivers’ agreement with statements on child supervision, service loss, and perceived level of their child’s independence. These findings underscore the importance for robust support systems that enhance family resilience and validate prior research during exceptional circumstances. They offer insights for policymakers and service providers seeking to improve the well-being of families raising children with autism, particularly in times of crisis.
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ZILLMANN, DOLF, and JENNINGS BRYANT. "Effects of Prolonged Consumption of Pornography on Family Values." Journal of Family Issues 9, no. 4 (December 1988): 518–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251388009004006.
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Male and female students and nonstudents were exposed to videotapes featuring common, nonviolent pornography or innocuous content. Exposure was in hourly sessions in six consecutive weeks. In the seventh week, subjects participated in an ostensibly unrelated study on societal institutions and personal gratifications. Marriage, cohabitational relationships, and related issues were judged on an especially created Value-of-Marriage questionnaire. The findings showed a consistent impact of pornography consumption. Exposure prompted, among other things, greater acceptance of pre- and extramarital sex and greater tolerance of nonexclusive sexual access to intimate partners. It enhanced the belief that male and female promiscuity are natural and that the repression of sexual inclinations poses a health risk. Exposure lowered the evaluation of marriage, making this institution appear less significant and less viable in the future. Exposure also reduced the desire to have children and promoted the acceptance of male dominance and female servitude. With few exceptions, these effects were uniform for male and female respondents as well as for students and nonstudents.
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Tonkikh, Orly, Nurit Gur-Yaish, Ksenya Shulyaev, Amos Rogozinski, and Elena Siegel. "Older Adults and Family Perspective on Interaction with Nurses in Hospital: the Role of Mutual Understanding." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 1039–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3716.
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Abstract Optimal nurse-patient-family interaction is required to provide effective family-centered care for hospitalized older adults and their families. This qualitative descriptive study explored nurses’ interactions with older adult patients and their family members during acute hospitalization. We used semi-structured interviews to collect data from a convenience sample of nine dyads of older adults (aged 62-85) and family members (7 children and 2 spouses) who accompanied them during an acute hospitalization in medical or surgical units. Interviews were performed via Zoom beginning in December 2020 until August 2021, 1-12 months after the hospitalization. Thematic analysis was used to inductively capture key patterns in data. Both patients and family members revealed three factors contributing to the way nurses interact with patients and families: (1) nurses’ recognition and understanding of patients’ needs for family members’ presence and participation in care; (2) nurses recognition that family members expect dedication of attention, beyond nurses’ focus on patient’s care (3) patient and family members’ recognition of the extreme workload of nursing staff. Participants described a range of informal approaches used by both nurses and families to address each other’s needs. Both patients and families emphasize the benefits and costs of nurses engaging in “exceptional” interactions with patients and families considering structural characteristics such as establishing a personal relationship or accepting family visits beyond the rules. The findings provide direction for further exploration of hospitalization structures and processes needed to support optimal nurses’ interactions with families accompanying older adults and family-centered approach training in acute care context.
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Rostovskaya, Tamara, and Ekaterina Vasilieva. "Strategies for Forming the Well-Being of Student Families (By the Results of In-Depth Interview)." Logos et Praxis, no. 2 (July 2023): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2023.2.8.
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The methodological basis of the research is built within the framework of understanding sociology and the theory of social action by M. Weber. The paper reveals the content of the concept of a prosperous young family, highlights the parameters of the well-being of a student family. The empirical base of the study is the data of indepth interviews (n = 80) conducted with members of student families from 10 regions of Russia. The method of "grounded theory" and the method of reconstructing the life path of the family were used to process the obtained results. The main objective of the study is to identify strategies for the formation of well-being of Russian student families for the implementation of marital and reproductive behavior as well as systematization of problems affecting the decline in well-being. The main problem is financial difficulties of student families. The socio-economic status of a student family depends on many conditions. For example, status of the spouses' parent family, age of spouses, willingness and ability to combine work and study, availability of a separate housing or resources for rent for a young family. In addition to material problems married students have psychological difficulties adapting to new roles. With appearing children affordable and high-quality medical care, assistance in child care, and inclusion of educational organizations in the development of an individual training plan are necessary. Reproductive orientations of students correspond to the practices of goal-oriented and value-rational behavior (with the exception of cases of unplanned pregnancy) because the birth of children is associated with responsibility. It is revealed that the strategies for the formation of well-being of student families are influenced by many factors. Firstly, there is impact of scenarios for the development of premarital relationships. For example, the transformation of youth romantic relationships and youth love into marital relations, effective joint activity, shared values as the basis for marriage, acquaintance in friends' company and at work, acquaintance through social networks, "influence of parents", "need for legal consolidation of relationships", "responsibility for unplanned pregnancy". Secondly, the reproductive attitudes of married families is also significant. Thirdly, there is influence of family measures and demographic policy implemented in the region and the resources of educational organizations for effective assistance to a young family.
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Jackson, Aurora P., Jeong-Kyun Choi, and Peter M. Bentler. "Parenting Efficacy and the Early School Adjustment of Poor and Near-Poor Black Children." Journal of Family Issues 30, no. 10 (April 15, 2009): 1339–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x09334603.
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This short-term longitudinal study investigates whether maternal educational attainment, maternal employment status, and family income affect African American children’s behavioral and cognitive functioning over time through their impacts on mothers’ psychological functioning and parenting efficacy in a sample of 100 poor and near-poor single Black mothers and their 3- and 4-year-old focal children. Results indicate that education, working status, and earnings display statistically significant, negative, indirect relations with behavior problems and, with the exception of earnings, statistically significant, positive, indirect relationships with teacher-rated adaptive language skills over time. Findings suggest further that parenting efficacy may mediate the link between poor and near-poor single Black mothers’ depressive symptoms and their preschoolers’ subsequent school adjustment. Implications of these findings for policy and program interventions are discussed.
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Drucker, Erin R., Angela D. Liese, Erica Sercy, Bethany A. Bell, Carrie Draper, Nancy L. Fleischer, Kate Flory, and Sonya J. Jones. "Food insecurity, childhood hunger and caregiver life experiences among households with children in South Carolina, USA." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 14 (May 17, 2019): 2581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019000922.
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AbstractObjective:We explored how positive and negative life experiences of caregivers are associated with household food insecurity.Design:The Midlands Family Study (MFS) was a cross-sectional study with three levels of household food security: food secure, food insecure without child hunger and food insecure with child hunger. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used for analyses of negative and positive life experiences (number, impact, type) associated with food insecurity.Setting:An eight-county region in South Carolina, USA, in 2012–2013.Participants:Caregivers (n 511) in households with children.Results:Caregivers who reported greater numbers of negative life experiences and greater perceived impact had increased odds of household food insecurity and reporting their children experienced hunger. Each additional negative life experience count of the caregiver was associated with a 16 % greater odds of food insecurity without child hunger and a 28 % greater odds of child hunger. Each one-unit increase in the negative impact score (e.g. a worsening) was associated with 8 % higher odds of food insecurity without child hunger and 12 % higher odds of child hunger. Negative work experiences or financial instability had the strongest association (OR = 1·8; 95 % CI 1·5, 2·2) with child hunger. Positive life experiences were generally not associated with food security status, with one exception: for each unit increase in the number of positive experiences involving family and other relationships, the odds of child hunger decreased by 22 %.Conclusions:More research is needed to understand approaches to build resilience against negative life experiences and strengthen positive familial, community and social relationships.
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Solovei, A. "Features of the legal regulation of the adoption of children by foreigners according to the family legislation of foreign countries." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, no. 72 (November 16, 2022): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.72.27.
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In the scientific article, the author conducted a scientific study of the foreign experience of legal regulation of the adoption of children by foreigners, primarily according to the legislation of the European Union states and states adjacent to Ukraine. Based on the conducted research, the author came to the conclusion that in the practice of states adjacent to Ukraine and states members of the European Union, there are three approaches to determining the procedure for adopting children by foreign citizens: through the definition of a national regime for foreigners, similar to that which exists for citizens of the relevant state (Latvia); through the determination of conflicts of laws with respect to the law applicable to adoption, which are defined in civil codes (Germany, France, Czech Republic) or separate laws on international private law (Spain, Switzerland); due to the establishment of a separate procedure for adoption (Bulgaria, Belarus, Moldova, Ireland) or an exceptional case of adoption of a child by foreigners using the same procedure for adoption, as with national adoption (Poland, Hungary). In the latter case, the possibility of international adoption is provided, if the child, after being transferred to a foster family, was not adopted in the state of his/her citizenship, because the measures taken to adopt the child were not successful, moreover, in Poland, exceptions to this rule are provided when there is a kinship relationship between the adopter and the adopted child or if the adopter has already adopted a brother or sister of the child being adopted. In the Republic of Bulgaria, foreigners wishing to adopt a child must obtain a permit for international adoption from the Minister of Justice, in the Republic of Belarus - in addition to the written permission for adoption from the Minister of Education, it is also necessary to obtain the child's consent for adoption, the child's stay in the relevant register for a year and the absence of an initiative by citizens of Belarus to adopt a child. In the case of international adoption of citizens of the Republic of Moldova, the ethnic origin of the child, his/her belonging to a certain culture, religion, language and other features that deserve attention must be taken into account; persons wishing to adopt a child must submit a special application - for international adoption, to the Ministry of Health, of Labor and Social Protection of the Republic of Moldova and the Department of Social Security and Protection of Family Rights as territorial guardianship bodies carry out preliminary and final selection of foreigners who wish to adopt a child who is a citizen of the Republic of Moldova.
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Kreutz, Gunter, and Michael Feldhaus. "Does music help children grow up? Parental views from a longitudinal panel study." Musicae Scientiae 24, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1029864918782581.
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Previous research has identified families as hubs for musical development, but little is known about the reciprocal effects on familial dynamics. Here, we address the long-term associations between familial music and parental perceptions of their children’s personality. To these ends, we analysed a subset of data from the German Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics study, a longitudinal cohort study. A total of 839 data sets from parents with their children, covering four waves over a period of six years, served as our database. The frequency of engagement in Singing and Playing Musical Instruments, Reading Books or Storytelling and Shopping represented independent measures, whereas the ratings of Prosocial Behaviour, Intimacy, Admiration, and C onflicts served as dependent measures in the panel regression models. A substantial decline in everyday activities was noted as children grew older, with the exception of Shopping. Parental education, but not family net income, was found to be correlated with familial music activities. These activities were correlated with three facets of children’s personality, Prosocial Behaviour, Intimacy, and Admiration, based on both fixed- and random-effects models. The correlations, however, were partially weakened when Reading or Storytelling and Shopping were entered into the models. Our findings suggest that familial music activities may exert long-term and causal influences on familial dynamics, as reflected through important facets of children’s personality.
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Bohatyryov, I., and K. Buriak. "THE STATE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH OF CRIME IN THE FAMILY SPHERE." Scientific journal Criminal and Executive System: Yesterday. Today. Tomorrow 2023, no. 2 (April 10, 2024): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjcriminal.2023.02.109.
Full textAbstract:
The article reveals the need to study crime in the family sphere in the works of Ukrainian scientists. This can be explained by the fact that it is criminological science that investigates such crime as a system with exceptionally complex types of criminal offenses committed by the offender during their common life. So, there is a significant need for a scientifically based and comprehensive analysis of this crime and the development of effective forms and methods of its prevention, because the family is constantly in social relations with the state and its institutions. These relationships are based on social ties that unite people into a functional whole, while creating equality and inequality in the rights and obligations not only of spouses, but also within the social group of society. It was noted that among the criminological problems of crime in the family sphere in Ukraine, the problem of domestic crime, which in most cases was and remains the most latent among other criminal offenses, became the agenda. And therefore, recognizing the family as the center of society, it should be noted that without the support of the state and its institutions, unfortunately, the problem of crime in the family sphere is almost impossible to solve. And this is due to the fact that the family is not always able to fulfill its main function – ensuring the proper well-being and upbringing of children. History shows that the main types of crime in the family sphere are: domestic, economic, psychological, sexual and physical violence. Taking into account that there is a war in Ukraine, the problem of criminalization in the family sphere takes on special importance, and we consider it as an object of criminal offenses committed by the offender. The consequence of this is the divorce of husband and wife, a decrease in the standard of living of children, their lack of protection, poverty, and the weakening of the infrastructure of health care, education and culture. Key words: criminal offenses in the family sphere, offender, family violence, marital conflict.
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Plaza-González, Sheila, María del Carmen Zabala-Baños, Álvaro Astasio-Picado, and Jesús Jurado-Palomo. "Psychological and Sociocultural Determinants in Childhood Asthma Disease: Impact on Quality of Life." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5 (February 24, 2022): 2652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052652.
Full textAbstract:
Asthma is the most common chronic disease in childhood. The presence of this pathology in children leads to the appearance of different alterations (physical, psychological, social, etc.). Due to their high influence, the aim of this study is to understand these psychological and sociocultural determinants and their impact on the quality of life of asthmatic children. In order to determine the influence of these determinants on quality of life, a narrative review of 48 articles collected in different databases was carried out. Emotions are the most powerful precursor to producing an asthmatic attack. Anxiety and depression are the pathologies that appear frequently associated with childhood asthma, together with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. In addition, the personality of these children seems to be characterized by shyness and impulsivity, although exceptionally it has been associated with psychopathic behaviors, aggressiveness, and cases of psychosis. School performance is impaired and bullying occurs more frequently. Likewise, dysfunctional family relationships and lower socioeconomic status have a negative impact on the severity and management of asthma. In short, the quality of life of asthmatic children is lower due to the presence of the aforementioned psychological and sociocultural determinants.
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Mori, Sara, Silvia Panzavolta, and Alessia Rosa. "Covid, distance education and families. The Italian case within the international survey on family support to learning processes." Form@re - Open Journal per la formazione in rete 22, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/form-12130.
Full textAbstract:
The COVID pandemic had countless repercussions on the family system, starting with the need to support young people in distance education training. Family and school realities have had to find new ways of relating with mutual overlap. Investigating how family members supported the learning of their children/grandchildren aged 6-16 was the aim of the international research activity coordinated by the University of Bath (UK). This contribution intends to account for the Italian data by exploring the possible relationships between the potential vulnerability factors of the pre-covid household and the activities that can be considered protective and supportive factors for households. The aim is not only to understand which competences and network systems have been activated in a period of exceptional gravity, but rather not to disperse, but on the contrary to enhance, those processes that have proved useful especially in fragile contexts.
Covid, DAD e famiglie. Il caso italiano in un’indagine internazionale sul sostegno familiare ai processi di apprendimento.
La pandemia di COVID ha avuto innumerevoli ripercussioni sul sistema famigliare a partire dalla necessità di supportare i giovani nelle attività di formazione in DAD. Le realtà familiari e scolastiche hanno dovuto trovare nuove modalità di relazione con un reciproco sconfinamento. Indagare come i membri della famiglia hanno sostenuto l’apprendimento dei loro figli/nipoti dai 6 ai 16 anni è stato l’obiettivo dell’attività di ricerca internazionale coordinata dall’università University di Bath (UK).Il presente contributo intende dar conto dei dati italiani esplorando le possibili relazione tra i fattori potenziali di vulnerabilità della famiglia pre-covid e le attività che possono essere considerate fattori di protezione e di supporto per i nuclei familiari. Non si tratta soltanto di comprendere quali competenze e sistemi di rete, sono stati attivati in un periodo di eccezionale gravità, quanto piuttosto non disperdere, ma al contrario valorizzare, quei processi che si sono dimostrati utili soprattutto nei contesti di fragilità.
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Rządzka, Weronika Anna. "The birth order and identity formation during emerging adulthood." Educational Psychology 70, no. 28 (March 18, 2024): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.4403.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: The aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between birth order and identity development during emerging adulthood. Identity formation was defined in accordance with the Double Cycle of Identity Formation model by Koen Luyckx and the corresponding DIDS questionnaire in Polish adaptation by Konrad Piotrowski. Method: Referring to the Identity Development Dimensions Scale, hypotheses were put forward regarding birth order and the value of individual dimensions. 102 people took part in the study, in the form of an anonymous online questionnaire, declaring, among other things, their order of birth in the family. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis, where the intensity of each of the five dimensions of DIDS was compared: exploration in breadth, commitment making, ruminative exploration, exploration in depth, and identification with commitment. Results: Results of the study indicate that middle children undertake significantly less exploration in both breadth and depth, compared to the youngest and oldest children. Conclusions: A review of research dealing with the issue of birth order suggests that middle children are a very diverse and ill-defined group as a result of many intervening variables. Therefore, this group may have exceptional difficulty in exploring and finding their own space. The lack of specific identity characteristics or roles is not compensated here. Other factors pivotal for a person's identity formation are also considered in the postulates for further research, e.g. the matter of taking up a job.
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Sokołowski, Tomasz. "Modern Polish family law." Pravovedenie 65, no. 2 (2021): 183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2021.204.
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The article describes the main features and elements of Polish family law in all its spheres. Firstly, the system of sources of law is presented, as well as the specifics of the methods of regulating family law are indicated. Attention is focused on the fact that every marriage should be: monogamous, equal, marital, contractual and annullable. In particular, marital equality is a cornerstone of democracy. The constitutional equality of citizens, which is the basis of democracy, is impossible and unattainable when there is any serious inequality between spouses within the family home. Any concept of combining institutional family inequality in the private domestic sphere of the home with the protection of equality of citizens in the public space would sound schizophrenic. In accordance with these legal norms, each couple can freely form their relationships in their family. For example, property relations in the family can be partially changed in accordance with the individual beliefs of the spouses, which are caused by the personal nature of family ties. The author notes that the method of regulating family law relations is somewhat different from the classical, civil law method of regulation, since the norms of family law usually do not provide for the possibility of coercing family members to a certain family behavior. However, the norms do provide for the application of certain sanctions of family law. The autonomy of the method of legal regulation of family law is also based on the fact that some family relations are not always equal — unlike civil law relations — because children are subordinate to their parents. There is an element of administrative law in family law, since parents must protect the well-being of their child, and as a result they are subject to special state control. On the other hand, relations between spouses are always, without any exceptions, based on the principle of equality of mutual rights and obligations of the wife and husband. Further, the following issues are brought to light in the article: the importance of family and marriage, marriage, rights and obligations of spouses, regulation of property relations, the issue of the origin of the child, responsibility of parents, the child protection system, adoption, support, alimony and the obligation to provide maintenance, divorce, separation, and custody of orphans. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights on the current evolution of Polish family law.
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Seuffert, Nan. "Sexual Citizenship and the Civil Union Act 2004." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 37, no. 2 (July 1, 2006): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v37i2.5571.
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This article analyses the parliamentary debates on the Civil Union Act 2004, which provides for legal recognition of same sex relationships, for stories of national identity. A close reading of the parliamentary debates on the Act suggests that although the supporters and opponents of the legislation seemed to be worlds apart, many told similar stories about New Zealand as a nation, and citizens within that nation, emphasising similar values and aspirations. Both sides told stories of citizens, of New Zealanders, as tolerant and fair, as forwarding-looking progressives who value stable long-term, committed relationships, warm loving communities for children, and strong families and family relationships. Both sides generally saw marriage as a positive institution, a cornerstone of society and a building block for society and the nation. While some talked of existing alternatives to marriage, such as de facto relationships, and there was some recognition that not all marriages are good ones, with a few notable exceptions, there was little mention of critiques of marriage as an institution and little or no positive mention of relationships outside of the paradigm of long-term committed, monogamous relationships. Further, while there were arguments, reflecting a privatisation paradigm, that the Civil Union Act 2004 was not necessary since the rights and duties of same sex couples could be structured using the private law of contract and trusts (a claim that was debated), there was no suggestion that state recognition of marriage should be abolished, or that long-term heterosexual relationships should be structured through private law.
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Miroshnychenko, Oksana. "THE MARITAL RELATIONSHIPS OF OLD BELIEVERS IN UKRAINE AND THE POLITICAL REGIME MARRIAGE RELATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE 19 THE – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Ostrozʹka akademìâ". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki 1, no. 32 (April 28, 2021): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2021-32-6-10.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses the features of the policy of the Russian Empire on the marital relationships of the Old Belivers in the 19th- the early 20th centuries. The issues of liberalisation, abandon oppression and harassment by government agencies. Attempts of improper activity of the government and the church to destroy the values of the Old Believers are considered. These are, in particular, family and marital values. These values are indispensable elements of the social structure of a community. Marital relations were considered the main social institution that preserved the tolerance of society. Particular attention was focused on the equalization of rights between the Old Believers and the Orthodox Christians on the part of the government and the church. The analysis highlights that apartness and matrimony were the main elements of the faith tradition of the Old Believers. The article shows that the laws of the Russian Empire influenced the mating and sexual behaviour of Old Believers. The gender perspective met the requirements of the agrarian aristocracy and this aspect was considered in action. Historically, the role of women in different spheres of society has gradually changed. Women could take on male work responsibilities, for example, as a business environment or judicial functions. On the topic of family education of Old Believers, this issue is subordinated to religious beliefs. Education children was a top priority for men. There were erudition, a high knowledge of religious literature, quotation, the lives of foremost saints and other important knowledge of the Old Believers and their children. This article analyzes cross-marriages between Old Believers and Orthodox Christians, but this was an exception. Endogamy was a major component of wed. People got married with the consent of their parents, while a significant other had to be an Old Believer and live in your or a neighboring village.
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Morley, Christine, Kerry Carrington, Vanessa Ryan, Shane Warren, Jo Clarke, Matthew Ball, and Laura Vitis. "Locked Down with the Perpetrator: The Hidden Impacts of COVID-19 on Domestic and Family Violence in Australia." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 204–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2069.
Full textAbstract:
Prior to the COVID-19 global pandemic, domestic and family violence (DFV) had been recognised globally as an epidemic in its own right. Further, research has established that during times of crisis and/or after disasters, rates of DFV can escalate. The COVID-19 pandemic has been no exception, with emerging research from around the world confirming that the public health measures and social effects associated with COVID-19 have increased the frequency and severity of DFV in various countries. In contributing to this evolving body of literature, this paper reports on the findings of a national research project that examined the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic on DFV in Australia. This nationwide survey of service providers indicates the public health responses to COVID-19 such as lockdowns and travel restrictions, while necessary to stem the pandemic, have had profound effects on increasing women’s risk and vulnerability to domestic violence, while at the same time making it more difficult for women to leave violent relationships and access support. However, this vulnerability is not evenly distributed. The pandemic pushed marginalised voices further underground, with many unable to seek help, locked down with their abuser. Our survey sought to amplify the experiences of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities; Indigenous communities; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer, + (LGBTIQ+) communities; women locked down with school-age children; those already in violent relationships; and those whose first experience of domestic violence coincided with the onset of the pandemic. For logistical and ethical reasons, we could only access their voices through the responses from the domestic violence sector.
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Setiawan, Deni, Aisyah Durrotun Nafisah, and Diana. "Father's Involvement in Children's Distance Learning during the Pandemic." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 16, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.161.10.
Full textAbstract:
The involvement of fathers in children's distance learning is very necessary, considering that Indonesia is included in the third fatherless country category. The purpose of this study was to find out how much the child's response to the father's involvement in children's distance learning was affected during the pandemic. By using a quantitative descriptive survey research design, the sample for this study was sixty-eight children. Data collection techniques include observation, questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The results from this study are that the children's response to father involvement in children's distance learning during the pandemic is in the high category, which includes aspects of paternal engagement, accessibility, and responsibility. Engaging in children's learning can be seen as an important part of the responsibility. The results of this study help provide support for fathers to be involved in educating and educating their children in a way that is appropriate to the cultural context and current situation.
Keywords: distance learning, early childhood, father involvement
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Byrne, Mary W., Elana Evan, Lorie S. Goshin, Matthew D. Erlich, Jackie H. J. Kim, John M. Saroyan, and Lonnie K. Zeltzer. "Parent self-efficacy for managing pain in seriously ill children and adolescents nearing end of life." Palliative and Supportive Care 9, no. 2 (May 4, 2011): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951511000010.
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AbstractObjective:Using data from a multi-site study of parent–child symptom reporting concordance, this secondary analysis explored the role of parent self-efficacy related to pain management for seriously ill school-age children and adolescents.Method:In the initial study, 50 children and adolescents who were expected to survive 3 years or less were recruited along with their parent/primary caregiver. Parent self-report data were used in this secondary analysis to describe parent self-efficacy for managing their child's pain, caregiver strain, mood states, and perception of the child's pain; to explore relationships among these variables; and to determine predictors of greater self-efficacy.Results:Parents expressed a wide range of self-efficacy levels (Chronic Pain Self-Efficacy Scale; possible range 10–100, mean 76.2, SD 14.7) and higher levels on average than reported previously by family caregivers of adult patients. Caregiver Strain Index scores were markedly high (possible range 0–13, mean 8.1, SD 3.8) and inversely correlated with self-efficacy (r = −0.44, p = 0.001). On the Profile of Mood States parents reported more negative moods (t = 4.0, p < 0.001) and less vigor (t = −5.0, p < 0.001) than adults in a normative sample, yet vigor rather than mood disturbance predicted self-efficacy. With the exception of child age, self-efficacy was not associated with demographics (child gender, ethnicity, household income, parent age, education, family size) or with the diagnostic groups (primarily cardiac and oncologic) comprising the sample. Younger child age, less caregiver strain, more parent vigor, and parent perception that child is without pain predicted more than half of the variance in parent self-efficacy (R2 = 0.51).Significance of results:Findings advance knowledge of parent self-efficacy in managing the pain of a child with life-threatening illness. Results can be used to design supportive interventions enhancing parents’ caregiving roles during their child's last stages of life.
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Brouwer, Marije, Els L. M. Maeckelberghe, Agnes van der Heide, Irma Hein, and Eduard Verhagen. "Barriers in care for children with life-threatening conditions: a qualitative interview study in the Netherlands." BMJ Open 10, no. 6 (June 2020): e035863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035863.
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ObjectiveTo identify barriers, as perceived by parents, to good care for children with life-threatening conditions.DesignIn a nationwide qualitative study, we held in-depth interviews regarding end-of-life care with parents of children (aged 1 to 12 years) who were living with a life-threatening illness or who had died after a medical trajectory (a maximum of 5 years after the death of the child). Sampling was aimed at obtaining maximum variety for a number of factors. The interviews were transcribed and analysed.SettingThe Netherlands.Participants64 parents of 44 children.ResultsParents identified six categories of difficulties that create barriers in the care for children with a life-threatening condition. First, parents wished for more empathetic and open communication about the illness and prognosis. Second, organisational barriers create bureaucratic obstacles and a lack of continuity of care. Third, parents wished for more involvement in decision-making. Fourth, parents wished they had more support from the healthcare team on end-of-life decision-making. Fifth, parents experienced a lack of attention for the family during the illness and after the death of their child. Sixth, parents experienced an overemphasis on symptom-treatment and lack of attention for their child as a person.ConclusionsThe barriers as perceived by parents focussed almost without exception on non-medical aspects: patient-doctor relationships; communication; decision-making, including end-of-life decision-making; and organisation. The perceived barriers indicate that care for children with a life-threatening condition focusses too much on symptoms and not enough on the human beings behind these symptoms.
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Olarte-Sierra, María Fernanda, Nuria Rossell, Marcela Zubieta, and Julia Challinor. "Parent Engagement and Agency in Latin American Childhood Cancer Treatment: A Qualitative Investigation." JCO Global Oncology, no. 6 (November 2020): 1729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go.20.00306.
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PURPOSE Parent engagement in childhood cancer treatment is central for positive outcomes. Aspects of fruitful engagement have been described mainly in high-income countries (HICs) where family autonomy is valued, health care provider-patient relationships are less hierarchical, and active family participation in health care is welcomed. In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), these aspects are not always valued or encouraged. We explored childhood cancer treatment engagement in Latin America as part of a larger engagement study in 10 LMICs worldwide. METHODS A qualitative investigation was conducted with parents (with the exception of one grandmother and two aunts in loco parentis; n = 21) of children with cancer in El Salvador, Peru, and Mexico. Participants were recruited by two Childhood Cancer International foundations and two local hospitals. A pediatric oncology psychologist and a medical anthropologist (experienced, native Latin Americans researchers) conducted focus-group discussions and in-depth interviews that were recorded and transcribed, and analyzed data. RESULTS Parents in the three countries actively engage in their child’s treatment, despite challenges of communicating effectively with health care staff. Hierarchical health care provider relationships and generalized socioeconomic disparities and cultural diversity with health care staff notwithstanding, parents find ways to navigate cancer treatment by exerting their agency and exploiting resources they have at hand. CONCLUSION In Latin America, engagement materializes in ways that are not necessarily reflected in existing literature from HICs and, thus, engagement may seem nonexistent. Health care teams’ recognition of parents’ substantial sacrifices to adhere to complex demands as treatment engagement, may positively impact the children’s (and family’s) quality of life, treatment experience, adherence, and posttreatment circumstances.
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Aminabadi, Naser Asl, Azin Sohrabi, Sina Ghertasi Oskouei, and Behjat Almolook Ajami. "Can Birth Order Affect Temperament, Anxiety and Behavior in 5 to 7-year-old Children in the Dental Setting?" Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 12, no. 4 (2011): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1039.
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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between birth order and child's temperament, anxiety and behavior in the dental setting. Materials and methods A total of 200 healthy children aged 5 to 7 years, were included in this double-blind randomized controlled trial. The study consisted of two sessions. In the initial appointment, parents were provided with instructions and asked to complete children's behavior questionnaire (CBQ). In the second appointment, identical dental treatments were rendered to all subjects. During treatment, Frankl scale for child's behavior, facial Image scale (FIS) for situational anxiety, and clinical anxiety rating scale for clinical anxiety were utilized. Analysis of data was done using U Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results Only children had higher clinical (p = 0.041) and situational (p < 0.001) anxiety, and more negative behavior (p = 0.013) compared to children with siblings. In children with siblings, first-born child was in increased risk of developing negative behavior (p = 0.008), clinical anxiety (p < 0.001) and situational anxiety (p = 0.006). With an exception (sadness, p < 0.001), no significant differences in temperament scale were observed among children with different birth orders. Conclusion According to the results, only children and laterborns are at higher risk of developing worse outcomes in the dental setting. Clinical significance The role of birth order has been ignored as a possible factor of behavior during routine dental treatment and these findings may shed light on our understanding of behavior management strategies in the dental setting. Considering the increasing pattern of family with an only child both in modern and developing countries, this is more likely that the dental team will face children with negative outcome during dental treatment. How to cite this article Aminabadi NA, Sohrabi A, Erfanparast L, Oskouei SG, Ajami BA. Can Birth Order Affect Temperament, Anxiety and Behavior in 5 to 7-year-old Children in the Dental Setting? J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(4):225-231.
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Rodrígue Vargas, S. "Immigration and suicide in Spain: Literature review." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2259.
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Objectives and methodAlthough it is increasingly an immigrant country, we can not forget that for years has been a world leader as a meeting place of many nationalities. It has carried out a review of the literature about the number of suicides that occur in the immigrant population of our country.ResultsCultural factors that influence suicidal behavior are religion, socio-demographic factors (inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and suicide attempts), conflicts, alcohol/drugs, and social and family support as emigration entails fostering emotional and cultural rootlessness isolation and increased risk. Stresses in young Filipinos (20%) and American Indians (19%) than for any other ethnic group. Among the immigrants, I returned to their country of origin, the Germans have a 30% rate of suicides. And if we consider the length of stay, a clear decrease in rates seen since the frequent change of residence results in an increased risk. In the comparison of nationality and gender, it shows that the rate for suicides is very high among Moroccan women aged between 10 and 24 years.Conclusions and discussionMigration can alter the development and adaptation of people and sometimes increase the risk of suicide especially when migration occurs alone. Attempted suicide is an exceptional crisis that requires special attention. Progress in research will deepen the psychological effects of migration in adults and in children migrated.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
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Lagno, Anna R. "Who, what, to whom and on what language speaks? Polish-Ukrainian borderland in the 1940s: from the history of a family." Central-European Studies 2019, no. 2 (11) (2020): 228–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2619-0877.2019.2.10.
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Polish-Ukrainian borderland is commonly associated with Austrian Eastern Galicia. The river San marked the western border, and the river Zbruch marked the eastern one. It was multiethnic and multicultural land. At the beginning of the twentieth century Eastern Galicia acquired an exceptional symbolic meaning, becoming the place of collision of two state projects - Polish and Ukrainian. The complex relationship between Ukrainians and Poles was escalated by the Second World War. The problem of national minorities was to be solved by resettlement, that took place from 1944 to 1946. So during and after World War II, this region lost their traditional multiethnic character. Poles, Jews, and smaller numbers of Germans were replaced by Ukrainians from those territories that became part of the new Polish state. From this period Eastern Galicia became the part of the Ukrainian Soviet Republic. This article centers on the question of what were the essential features that delimit the identity of Poles and Ukrainians in the mid-1940s? For answering on this question, I have chosen unpublished memoires of a man who was born in 1913 in Austrian Galicia, lived in Lviv voivodeship of the Second Polish Republic and died in Soviet Ukraine; I also use oral conversations with his children. Methodologically this paper is based on the work of Frederick Barth and Iver Neumann, who concluded that the most effective way of studying identity is to investigate the significant markers of identity that delimit the culture of this group from the culture of the «Other». Thus, it has been noted by many authors, identity is a very complex subject, that is difficult to study. The historical sources used in this article, shows that identity of the Polish-Ukrainian borderland population is ambivalent, blurred. The most significant marker of ethnic identity - language - does not «work» for the population of the Polish-Ukrainian borderland due to the widespread bilingualism. Difficulties arise with another markers - differences in denomination affiliation and the territory.
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Небера, Марина Викторовна. "Axiological Dominant “Family”: the Specifics of Representation in Linguodidactic Discourse (Based on Textbooks on Russian as a Foreign Language)." Tomsk state pedagogical university bulletin, no. 1(225) (January 30, 2023): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2023-1-32-40.
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Проведен анализ специфики трансляции ценностных доминант, репрезентирующих семейные ценности русской культуры, представленные в учебниках по русскому языку как иностранному российскими и зарубежными авторами. Материалом исследования послужили учебники по русскому языку как иностранному российских, китайских и англоговорящих авторов, написанные в период с 2007 по 2018 г., общим объемом более 3 тыс. страниц. Из представленного материала методом сплошной выборки были отобраны диалоги и нарративные тексты, имеющие отношение к теме «семья». Анализ полученных данных осуществлялся при помощи метода контекстуального анализа, лексико-семантического и сравнительно-сопоставительного анализа. Семья является одной из главных ценностных доминант для русского человека. В учебных пособиях по русскому языку как иностранному российскими авторами преимущественно используются оценочные суждения, носящие позитивный характер. Реже используются нейтральные или негативные оценочные суждения. Китайские авторы учебных пособий по изучению русского языка транслируют в основном позитивную оценку института семьи. Англоговорящие авторы – исключительно нейтральную. Отдельные параметры также оцениваются по-разному. В отношениях между мужем и женой российскими авторами в контекстах часто транслируется авторитет мужа. При распределении семейных обязанностей ведение домашнего хозяйства закреплено исключительно за женщиной, тогда как работа характерна как для мужчины, так и для женщины. Зарубежные авторы в основном представляют в своих учебниках модель совместного ведения хозяйства, авторитет мужа в их работах не транслируется. Дети являются ценностной доминантой в большинстве культур, однако выявлено, что при упоминании детей китайские авторы используют исключительно нейтральную лексику, тогда как российские и англоговорящие авторы предпочитают эмоциональную окрашенность (преимущественно положительную, реже – отрицательную). При описании отношений к старшим родственникам (особенно бабушкам) российские авторы применяют оценочные суждения, которые носят исключительно позитивный характер. В отличие от них китайские авторы используют в отношении бабушек и дедушек нейтральную оценку. Англоговорящие авторы в своих работах отношения между детьми и бабушками/дедушками не описывают. В специфике описания отношений между родителями и детьми у российских и зарубежных авторов также наблюдается вариативность. В отличие от англоговорящих авторов, не акцентирующих внимание на взаимоотношениях детей и родителей и использующих преимущественно нейтральную лексику при описании данной ценностной категории, российские и китайские авторы подчеркивают уважительное отношение к родителям и взаимную заботу. Проведенный анализ показал, что, несмотря на общие представления о должном и одобряемом, существующие в различных культурах, в учебных пособиях по русскому языку как иностранному наблюдается имплицитная трансляция ценностных ориентиров, присущих культуре авторов представленных материалов. Специфика определяется не только различиями при выборе тех или иных лексических групп, но также в подсознательной акцентуации на значимых для культуры авторов материалов ценностях. The purpose of the article is to analyze the specifics of the representation of the family value dominants existing in Russian culture, presented in the textbooks on Russian as a foreign language by Russian and foreign authors. The material of the study are textbooks on Russian as a foreign language by Russian, Chinese and English-speaking authors written in the period from 2007–2018, with a total volume of more than 3,100 pages. We selected dialogues and narrative texts related to the topic of “family” from these materials using a continuous sampling method, allowing to analyze axiological dominants and linguistic means of their expression in various family aspects. The analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the methods of contextual analysis, lexical and semantic as well as comparative analysis. Family is one of the main value dominants for the Russian people. In textbooks on Russian as a foreign language, Russian authors mainly use positive value judgments, neutral or negative value judgments are used rarely. Chinese authors of the textbooks on the Russian language broadcast mainly a positive assessment of the family institute. English-speaking authors prefer neutral connotations. Individual parameters are also evaluated in different ways. In relationship between spouses, Russian authors often promote husband’s authority. Considering family responsibilities, household management is assigned exclusively to a woman, while work is typical for both men and women. Foreign authors mainly present in their textbooks a model of joint household management; husband’s authority in their works is not mentioned. Children are the dominant value in most cultures, however, it was found that when referring to children, Chinese authors use exclusively neutral vocabulary, while Russian and English-speaking authors prefer emotional expressions (mostly positive, less often negative). When describing the relationship to older relatives (especially grandmothers), Russian authors use value judgments that are of an exceptionally positive nature. In contrast, Chinese authors use a neutral assessment of grandparents. English-speaking authors in their works do not describe the relationships between children and grandparents. Among Russian and foreign authors there is also a variability in the specifics of describing the relationship between parents and their children. Unlike English-speaking authors, who do not focus on the mutual relationship of children and parents and use mostly neutral vocabulary when describing this value category, Russian and Chinese authors emphasize respect for parents and mutual concern. The analysis showed, that despite the general ideas about good and approved that exist in different cultures, the authors of the textbooks on the Russian language implicitly represent the value orientations inherent in their culture. The specificity is determined not only by the differences in the choice of certain lexical groups, but also in the subconscious emphasis on values that are significant for the culture of the authors of the materials.
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Curtis, Michael G., Elizabeth Wieling, Chalandra Bryant, Rosalyn Denise Campbell, and Steven M. Kogan. "Systemic effects of the COVID pandemic on rural black American men’s interpersonal relationships: A phenomenological examination." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (April 17, 2024): e0297876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297876.
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The COVID-19 pandemic was a socionatural disaster that unprecedentedly disrupted the daily lives of individuals, families, and communities. Prior research indicates that Black American men living in rural contexts, particularly in Southern parts of the United States of America, were disproportionately affected by the psychological and economic effects of the pandemic. Despite these disparities, few studies have examined the pandemic’s impact on rural Black American men’s social networks. This study aimed to explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural Black American men’s interpersonal relationships. Informed by the principles of critical ethnography and guided by van Manen’s hermeneutic phenomenology, seventeen men were interviewed using a semi-structured interview protocol. Interviews were transcribed and then analyzed using an iterative thematic reduction process consistent with van Manen’s approach. Four themes were generated: Familial Reorganization, Adaptive Fatherhood, Rona Romance, and Essential Community. Participants recounted how the pandemic motivated them to improve their relationships with family members and children but contributed additional stress to their romantic relationships. Participants further recounted how their friendships were the least impacted as they were willing to make exceptions to their normal protective protocols to socialize with close friends. Participants also noted feeling disconnected from their wider community because they could not attend church even though their religious beliefs remained unchanged. Findings highlight the need for scholars, clinicians, and policymakers to consider men’s relational health when developing and implementing pandemic recovery efforts, as it can significantly influence their ability to recuperate mentally and physically. Future research should be dedicated to (1) investigating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on fathers, as prior research has nearly exclusively focused on mothers’ experiences and (2) delineating protective effects of rural Black American men’s involvement in the Black Church from their individual spiritualities to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the influence of contextual crisis on their long-term health and wellbeing.
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Alahmadi, Nsreen A., and Mogeda El Sayed El Keshky. "Assessing Primary School Teachers’s Knowledge of Specific Learning Disabilities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology 9, no. 1 (November 18, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v9n1p9.
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PURPOSE: Children with Learning disabilities require exceptional attention from family, their social circle and teachers. Because moral support and learning are initiated in the school environment by teachers (Padmavathi & Lalitha, 2009), the aim of this study is to evaluate primary school teachers’ knowledge about special learning disabilities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MATERIAL & METHOD: A sample of 902 primary private and puplic school teachers from 78 schools across different regions of Saudi Arabia was selected using a convenience sampling technique. Teachers’ knowledge about learning disabilities was surveyed electronically using a structured knowledge 40-item questionnaire on learning disabilities. A descriptive and quantitative approach was used to assess their knowledge. SPSS v21 was used to analyze the data.
RESULTS: The study found that a majority of primary school teachers have average knowledge about specific learning disabilities. Consequently, teachers’ range of knowledge has statistically significant impact on their level of knowledge. The study correspondingly shows a significant relationship between levels of knowledge and socio-demographic variables, but no statistically significant difference in the knowledge level of male and female teachers regarding learning disabilities.
CONCLUSION: Teachers do not have adequate knowledge regarding learning disabilities, and do not know what should be done when facing such issue. Teachers’ knowledge about learning disabilities is insuficient, because their academic training did not include any courses about it. As a consequence, education lawmakers should arrange appropriate teacher training or structured learning programs regarding learning disability concepts, assessment, diagnosis and identification for such teachers.
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Doliwa, Katarzyna. "Spory o pojęcie dzieciństwa i podmiotowość dziecka od średniowiecza do czasów nowożytnych." Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica 19, no. 1 (2020): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/mhi.2020.19.01.02.
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The article presents the controversy around the concept of childhood and subjectivity of a child in past centuries - in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. One of the analyzed issues concerns the existence in medieval culture of understanding the child as a being different from an adult. According to the widespread view, formulated in the 1960s and 1970s by Philipp Ariés, childhood in the Middle Ages was not noticed, it was not considered a separate, important stage in human life, a period governed by specific rules, different from important principles of the adult community. The child entered the adult world very early and assumed the role assigned to him. The discovery of childhood did not take place until the 16th and 17th centuries, when it began to be recognized that the child was and should be the subject of special treatment. Ariés' view of the non-existence in the Middle Ages of the sense of separateness of childhood is criticized by some medievalists - they accuse the French researcher of technical defects and an analysis of unrepresentative, too scarce source materials. According to the adversaries of Ariés, the analysis of childhood in the Middle Ages cannot be based on the modern definition of this term, just as considering the relationship "children - adults" in the Middle Ages cannot refer to contemporary categories. Opponents of the thesis about the non-existence of the concept of childhood in the Middle Ages argue that this epoch had its own vision of it, but it was a vision definitely different from the present one. The early modern period bring a new approach to childhood and the subjectivity of a child - the seventeenth century, in addition to the approach that the child placed at the center of family life, promotes an attitude that places particular emphasis on the child's development and fulfilment of its mental needs, while the eighteenth century brings a "romantic" vision of the child when it becomes - as a bearer of exceptional qualities and a creature of extraordinary sensitivity - a role model for adults. The development of education has certainly contributed to the formation of a subjective approach to children; the evolution of the attitude towards children in the human mentality finds its fullest reflection in the development of education and school institutions. Today, the concepts of childhood and the subjectivity of a child are the subject of complex interdisciplinary research - scientists from various fields of science combine their efforts to develop the most complete concept of childhood, corresponding to the challenges of modern times.
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Χατζόπουλος, Μιλτιάδης. "Σύντροφος: un Terme Technique Macédonien." Tekmeria 13 (February 6, 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/tekmeria.10758.
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Σύντροφος is a term familiar to epigraphists who study Greek inscriptions of the Roman period, especially from Asia Minor, and also to epigraphists and historians of the Hellenistic period. In the former case the term applies to actual foster brothers, to wit children who have been reared together, but also to persons engaged in other forms of professional or affective relationships. Students of the Hellenistic period, on the other hand, are in disagreement. Some interpret this term as an honorific title denoting a fictitious kinship with the king, while others maintain that it qualifies persons of the same age as the king who have actually been brought up with him. The institution of syntrophoi is attested in almost all Hellenistic courts with the exception of the Ptolemies. In Macedonia the relevant evidence extends from the reign of Philip II to that of Philip V. The parallelism between courtly and civic educa- tional institutions (βασιλικοὶ παῖδες and παῖδες in the civic gymnasia, βασιλικοὶ κυνηγοὶ and civic ἔφηβοι, βασιλικοὶ νεανίσκοι and νέοι in the civic gymnasia) ought to have prepared us to expect a civic equivalent to royal σύντροφοι. Such an equivalent is now attested in Philip V’s diagramma regulating military ser- vice. It appears thus that the Macedonian “civic” syntropohoi, like the Spartan mothakes, were boys of inferior social or financial status who were raised in the family of well-to-do boys of the same age, were thus enabled to receive the same education as they in the gymnasia, and could in case of need replace their foster brothers in their miltary obligations.
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Kennedy, Gregory E. "Middleborns' Perceptions of Family Relationships." Psychological Reports 64, no. 3 (June 1989): 755–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.64.3.755.
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Responses of 657 college students of both sexes to questions about family relationships showed significant differences between 185 middleborn children and 472 children in other birth order positions. These differences support findings of prior studies of adolescents and children, suggesting that middleborns feel less parental support than other children. A significantly higher percent of middleborn students indicated that they received no parental assistance with their college expenses. Middleborns were less likely to indicate having a close relationship with their parents, less likely to indicate frequent telephone calls home, and more likely to indicate brother or sister (rather than parent) as having difficulty adjusting to their absence.
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D'Addelfio, Giuseppina, and Maria Vinciguerra. "Family Relationships, Dialogue, and Philosophy for Children:." Multidisciplinary Journal of School Education 10, no. 1 (19) (June 8, 2021): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/mjse.2021.1019.01.
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The paper deals with the importance of words and dialogue in family education. In the first part, some evidence of an action research is presented – shaped in a hermeneutic phenomenological framework and thanks to the Philosophy for Children method and materials. Then some key words are pointed out, meant as formative goals for parents’ educational support, so as to highlight the importance of dialogue among generations and, mainly, of the ethical responsibility of parents in education.
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杨, 娅. "Psychological Maltreatment of Children in Family Relationships." Advances in Psychology 11, no. 07 (2021): 1699–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ap.2021.117190.
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Chen, Peiyao. "Analysis of Empathy and Family Relationships." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 8 (February 7, 2023): 1720–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4563.
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Empathy is the ability to understand other people’s feelings or put oneself in those specific situations. There are two types of empathy, cognitive and affective empathy, one is to understand, and the other one is to experience the emotional states, respectively. Based on a long-time study, family affects the development of children a lot, like how they organize their words to express their feelings influence the children to learn how to say their own feelings in childhood and even adolescence. How parents show warmth to kids and how they support their children may also affect children’s ability to show empathy. This may be because children know they can express their feelings to close friends, and boys may know empathy is not a feminine trait that they can also have. Children may act differently when they grow up, and they may show prosocial behaviors or antisocial behaviors depending on their levels of ability to show empathy. Besides the family affecting children’s development, mental problems like DBD specifically also play a role. DBD children’s emotional and feelings systems have some issues in that they cannot feel others’ feelings, which is not that they do not want to, but they cannot. Since they cannot “feel” others, they are more likely to have antisocial behaviors than ordinary people. In all, the family environment and even some mental issues affect the development of children.
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Orte, Carmen, Lluís Ballester, Martí X. March, Josep L. Oliver, Belén Pascual, and Maria Antònia Gomila. "Development of prosocial behaviour in children after the improvement of family competences." Journal of Children's Services 10, no. 2 (June 15, 2015): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-02-2014-0013.
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Purpose – This research assesses the predictive capacity of key factors in the development of family competences: parent-children relationship, family involvement, family resilience and positive parenting. It also aims to establish which are the most discriminating factors between the groups showing the most and the least prosocial behaviours. Design/methodology/approach – The study involves a longitudinal study of one child from 181 families; 155 families in the experimental group and 26 in the control group. Both boys and girls are included and their ages range from 8 to 14 years. The instruments employed are all validated for use with a Spanish population and include Karol Kumpfer’s questionnaires on family competence and the BASC questionnaire. Findings – All of the factors analysed, with the exception of family involvement, proved to be predictive for prosocial behaviour, and the most discriminating among these were: parent-children relationship, family resilience and positive parenting. Originality/value – One key issue in family prevention programmes is the development of prosocial behaviour. In this sense, the research developed here aims at highlighting protective factors as key to developing a prosocial behaviour.
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Lim, JungHa, KyoungEun Kim, JungWon Choi, BogJeong Kang, JiMin Baek, MiYeon Song, and ChanYoung Park. "2023 Family Life Survey of National Family Center Users." Human Ecology Research 62, no. 2 (May 23, 2024): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.6115/her.2024.016.
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The purpose of this study was to describe the family life and relationships of national family center users in 2023. A sample of 1,086 adults was recruited from 48 family centers across South Korea. Participants, both online and offline, reported on various aspects of family life, including satisfaction, gender equality, workhome- life balance, family leisure, and internet usage for family and household purposes. Additionally, family relationships were explored in terms of dynamics with a spouse, children, and adult children. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t -tests. In the family life domain, center users reported a high level of satisfaction, with women exhibiting greater awareness of gender equality and higher engagement in household chores than men. Furthermore, although a moderate balance among work, home, and life was reported, time emerged as a significant challenge for family leisure. Regarding technology, center users frequently utilized the internet for family communication, leisure, shopping, and household management. In the family relationships domain, men were more satisfied with spousal relationships than women. Center users reported high satisfaction with parentchild relationships. Parents of school-aged children perceived economic burdens, while those with adult children frequently provided psychological and instrumental support. These findings suggest the need for program modification and the development of new initiatives within national family centers to better support the diverse needs of families in terms of life satisfaction and relationship dynamics.
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T, Narmatha, and Devanan R. "Raising children in the Seevaga Sinthamani epic." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, no. 4 (September 15, 2021): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21410.
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Man cannot live alone. You can only live dependent on relationships. Relationships play a major role in determining a person's development. Every relationship is subject to structure. With protocol. It can be divided into two types. One is family relationships. The other is social relations. In family relationships parents can have relationships like children, siblings, boyfriend girlfriend, husband wife. Social relationships include friends, teachers, students, acquaintances, and strangers. In this, selfless relationships are enduring. This can be seen in the community and family. The Kattunde family runs smoothly through the bond of love. Otherwise, the family would not be where it is today. Childbearing is considered important in family relationships. People considered a life without children to be a useless day. Children born into the world are recognized by their parents. Parents also act as if they have a duty to grow as a responsible person in the community. That is why it is so sweet. Compensation is unparalleled than other relationships. Inseparable. Bound in love. Participating in pleasures and pains. Many generations have passed. The parent-child relationship functions with such a variety of features. Various literatures record this. However, this article only explains the status of parent-child development in the parent-child relationship in the Sivagasindamani epic.
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Dalley, Lana L. "THE ECONOMICS OF “A BIT O' VICTUAL,” OR MALTHUS AND MOTHERS IN ADAM BEDE." Victorian Literature and Culture 36, no. 2 (September 2008): 549–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150308080339.
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Hetty Sorrel's economic self-interest is impossible to ignore, as is its sexual nature. George Eliot tells us that Hetty is “quite used to the thought that people liked to look at her” and is determined to exchange her physical charms for a life of luxuries (96; ch. 9). Hetty's attraction to the young, wealthy Arthur Donnithorne is unabashedly opportunistic. While Hetty is searching for Arthur, once she is aware of her “swift-advancing shame,” the narrator reveals the turn of her thoughts: “He would not marry her and make her a lady; and apart from that she could think of nothing he could give her towards which she looked with longing and ambition” (364; ch. 35, 372; ch. 36). And it is certainly not unusual for economic considerations to figure in the Victorian marriage plot; Mary Barton's attraction to Harry Carson is predicated on his ability to make her a lady; Rosamond Vincy marries Lydgate in the hopes that his relationship to the landed gentry will, quite literally, pay off. It is the lethal turn of Hetty's material self-interest – the murder of her illegitimate child – that makes her story exceptional. I suggest that Hetty's desire to “purchase” Arthur's social prestige and her ultimate rejection of maternal responsibility intersect with Malthusian economics. The central action of the story, infanticide, signifies one of the chief topics of Malthusian debate. T. R. Malthus and his followers suggested that economically imprudent marriages were akin to an unthinking infanticide because the newlyweds would likely be unable to feed the children that would arise from their conjugal relations; they also registered child-murder as one of the checks to population, classifying it as “one of the worst forms of vice and misery” (1803: 71; ch. 3). In this essay, I read food and the life-and-death economics of food in Adam Bede as a register for Malthusian concerns about sex, family, responsibility, and dependence. In the novel, these concerns are not only for fathers – which is Malthus's own emphasis – but also for mothers. Although published in 1859, the novel is set in 1799, a year after the first publication of Malthus's An Essay on the Principle of Population, and three decades before the Poor Law reform developed in response to Malthusian analysis. It is in this context that I propose reading Adam Bede alongside Malthus's Essay.
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Théoret, R., L. Bastien, and R. Godbout. "0962 Sleep and Daytime Functioning in Gifted and Twice Exceptional Children." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A365—A366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.958.
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Abstract Introduction Gifted (G) children display an asynchrony between intellectual development and social and emotional development. Twice exceptional (2e) children are G children with a neuropsychological disability. We compared the sleep and daytime behavior of G, 2e and typically developing (TD) children and we sought for group-specific relationships between sleep and daytime behavior. Methods 23 children were recruited: seven G (8.7 years old, SD = 1.7), six 2e (9.8 years old, SD = 1.8) and 10 TD children (10.0 years old, SD = 2.2). Giftedness was diagnosed with neuropsychological tools. The Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) assessed sleep quality, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) assessed daytime functioning. Sleep quality and its impact on daytime functioning was measured with a MANCOVA, with the CBCL’s three main factors as dependent variables (internalizing problems, IP; externalizing problems, EP and total problems, TP), children group as the independent variable and the CSHQ total score as the covariate. Results G, 2e and TD groups scored 39.86, 39.17 and 39.70 on the CSHQ, respectively (n.s.). The three groups were not different on the CBCL, with respective mean T scores of 57.86, 50.33 and 48.60 for IP, 56.43, 55.67 and 47.80 for EP and 55.29, 53.83 and 46.40 for TP. Pillai’s trace statistics disclosed a significant relationship between CSHQ and CBCL scores regardless of groups (p = 0.04) but the influence of sleep quality did not differ among the groups for any of the three factors. The CSHQ total score was positively and significantly related to IP (p = 0.03, r = 0.47); relationships were not significant for EP (p = 0.96, r = -0.01) and TP (p = 0.17, r = 0.31). Conclusion Sleep quality influences internalizing problems in children, without group-specific relationships, but this association does not seem to differ between gifted, twice exceptional and TD children. Support N/A