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Journal articles on the topic 'Excavations (archaeology) – europe, northern'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 26 July 2024

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1

Currant, A. P., R. M. Jacobi, and C. B. Stringer. "Excavations at Gough's Cave, Somerset 1986–7." Antiquity 63, no. 238 (March 1989): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00075645.

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The British Isles, at the northern fringes of human occupation in Pleistocene Europe, offer a collection of Upper Palaeolithic sites which cannot match the riches of the continental mainland. And many of its sites, studied in the 19th century, have been much quarried or even quarried out. New finds from Gough's Cave — one of the classic sites that was almost emptied in the work that made it classic-show, nevertheless, that important new discoveries are still being made from such deposits as remain.

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2

Torres-Martínez, Jesús F., Manuel Fernández-Götz, Santiago Domínguez-Solera, Antxoka Martínez-Velasco, David Vacas-Madrid, Mariano Serna-Gancedo, Gadea Cabanillas de la Torre, Marcos Galeano, and Ricardo Fernandes. "“Invisible Burials” and Fragmentation Practices in Iron Age Europe: Excavations at the Monte Bernorio Necropolis (Northern Spain)." Journal of Field Archaeology 46, no. 6 (May 27, 2021): 399–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2021.1924435.

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3

Bergman, Ingela. "Roasting Pits as Social Space: The Organisation of Outdoor Activities on an Early Mesolithic Settlement Site in Northern Sweden." Current Swedish Archaeology 16, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.2008.01.

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The interior of northern Sweden was thc last area in Europe to become icefree and pioneer settlers arrived soon aftcr deglaciation. Early Mesolithic settlement sites in the Arjeplog area, Sweden, provide evidence of rapid colonization. This paper highlights the significance of the overall site arena as an interpretative unit for analyses of social life among the pioneer settlers in interior Northern Sweden. Results from the excavation of the Dumpokjauratj site dating to c. 8,600 BP (9,600 cal BP) are presented. The distinct spatial outline implies conformity in cultural codes during the initial phase of occupation reflecting an underlying principle of duality.

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4

Van Strydonck, Mark J. Y., Philippe Crombé, and Ann Maes. "The Site of Verrebroek ‘Dok’ and its Contribution to the Absolute Dating of the Mesolithic in the Low Countries." Radiocarbon 43, no. 2B (2001): 997–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200041667.

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The wetland site of Verrebroek “Dok” situated in northern Belgium is one of the largest and best dated locations of Mesolithic material in northwestern Europe. Salvage excavations organized since 1992 at this large, unstratified open-air settlement have revealed more than 50 spatially independent artifact concentrations with traces of numerous fireplaces. Single entity dating of charred hazelnut shells from surface-hearths and charcoal from hearth-pits was used to obtain information not only on the sites duration, but also on the relation between the surface hearths and the hearth-pits. The dates were also used to look at discrepancies between the radiocarbon chronology and the typo-chronology of the lithic artifacts.

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5

Orton, David C., James Morris, Alison Locker, and James H. Barrett. "Fish for the city: meta-analysis of archaeological cod remains and the growth of London's northern trade." Antiquity 88, no. 340 (June 1, 2014): 516–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00101152.

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The growth of medieval cities in Northern Europe placed new demands on food supply, and led to the import of fish from increasingly distant fishing grounds. Quantitative analysis of cod remains from London provides revealing insight into the changing patterns of supply that can be related to known historical events and circumstances. In particular it identifies a marked increase in imported cod from the thirteenth century AD. That trend continued into the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, after a short downturn, perhaps attributable to the impact of the Black Death, in the mid fourteenth century. The detailed pattern of fluctuating abundance illustrates the potential of archaeological information that is now available from the high-quality urban excavations conducted in London and similar centres during recent decades.

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6

Dimitrijević, Vesna, and Boban Tripković. "Spondylus and Glycymeris bracelets: trade reflections at Neolithic Vinča-Belo Brdo." Documenta Praehistorica 33 (December 31, 2006): 237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.33.21.

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In the provision, production and exchange of prestigious items and materials in prehistoric Europe, marine shell ornaments play important role. The marine shell collection at the Vinča-Belo Brdo site is the largest in the central and northern Balkans. More than 300 ornament items manufactured from marine shells have been collected since the first excavations in 1908 up until the most recent campaign. The majority of ornaments were made using recent shells that were obtained through trade with contemporaneous Neolithic communities; few ornaments were made of fossil bivalve shells. Bracelets were the most common type. Two bivalve genera, Spondylus and Glycymeris, were used in their production. These are easily recognizable when complete valves are compared, but difficult to distinguish in highly modified items where shell morphology is obscured. The defining characteristics for shell identification are presented, particularly to differentiate ornaments manufactured from the Spondylus and Glycymeris genera, as well as those made of recent and fossil shells. The possible exchange routes for these are discussed, as well as their diachronic distribution at the Vinča site.

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7

Stutz, Liv Nilsson, Lars Larsson, and Ilga Zagorska. "The persistent presence of the dead: recent excavations at the hunter-gatherer cemetery at Zvejnieki (Latvia)." Antiquity 87, no. 338 (November 22, 2013): 1016–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00049838.

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The well-known Mesolithic cemeteries of Northern Europe have long been viewed as evidence of developing social complexity in those regions in the centuries immediately before the Neolithic transition. These sites also had important symbolic connotations. This study uses new and more detailed analysis of the burial practices in one of these cemeteries to argue that much more is involved than social differentiation. Repeated burial in the densely packed site of Zvejnieki entailed large-scale disturbance of earlier graves, and would have involved recurrent encounters with the remains of the ancestral dead. The intentional use of older settlement material in the grave fills may also have signified a symbolic link with the past. The specific identity of the dead is highlighted by the evidence for clay face masks and tight body wrappings in some cases.

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8

Murygin, A. M., P. A. Kosintsev, and T. I. Marchenko-Vagapova. "An Early Iron Age Camp of Reindeer Hunters in the Bolshezemelskaya Tundra, Nenets Autonomous Okrug." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 47, no. 3 (September 21, 2019): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2019.47.3.074-084.

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This study outlines the fi ndings of excavations at More-Yu II—a site in the northern Bolshezemelskaya tundra. The habitation layer with numerous charcoal lenses was discovered inside the layer of buried soil overlain by eolian sand. Most fi nds are ceramics and animal bones. Arrowheads, o rnaments, tools, and ritual items are very rare. On the basis of palynological and faunal analyses, environmental changes from the sub-boreal warming until the end of the sub-Atlantic period are reconstructed. The temperature regime during the formation of cultural deposits was unstable. The principal subsistence strategy was reindeer hunting. The age of reindeer suggests that habitation periods coincided with cold seasons. Radiocarbon dates generated from reindeer bones point to the Early Iron Age. The camp dwellers were native reindeer hunters inhabiting the tundra belt of northeasternmost Europe. Ceramics representing the More-Yu type belong to the early stage of the Subarctic Pechora culture. They mark the Arctic component that became part of the n orthern Glya denovo population, abruptly changing the Finno-Permic culture of the taiga part of the Pechora basin in northern Urals.

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9

Croix, Sarah. "Permanency in Early Medieval Emporia: Reassessing Ribe." European Journal of Archaeology 18, no. 3 (2015): 497–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1461957114y.0000000078.

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This article seeks to demonstrate the permanent character of at least parts of the marketplace in Ribe (Denmark) from the first decades of its existence at the beginning of the eighth century. As with other early medieval emporia in northern Europe, it has been debated whether the marketplace was a permanent or seasonal site, the conclusion generally being that it would not have become permanently occupied until the AD 780s–790s. Although other markers of ‘urbanness’ can be found in the archaeological evidence from eighth-century Ribe, permanency is here considered as a decisive argument for its definition. Indeed, it is believed that it is through year-round, long-lasting occupation that a distinctively un-rural daily life could take shape. The material from the excavations conducted in 1985–1986 at Sct Nicolajgade 8 forms the empirical basis for this reassessment. By integrating artefacts in the contextual interpretation of the well-stratified deposits that characterize the archaeology of the marketplace, it is possible to identify several markers of permanency (site foundation, domestic life, and houses). Among them, particular focus is put on houses, whose presence at the site has been the object of controversy in previous research. By reconsidering the evidence and by comparing it to house finds from contemporary urban sites in northwestern Europe, former statements about the presence of houses at the marketplace in Ribe are challenged.

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Papadopoulos, Stratis. "The ‘Thracian’ pottery of South-East Europe: a contribution to the discussion on the handmade pottery traditions of the historical period." Annual of the British School at Athens 96 (November 2001): 157–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400005256.

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From the southern Balkans to the region of Middle Donau, so-called ‘Thracian’ pottery is dominant during the historical period. Its co-existence with wheel-made pottery also has a long history in Aegean Thrace. In the city of Mesembria-Zone, barrel-shaped urns and one-handled cups represent the ‘classical period’ of this tradition. Until now, there was no example of a site in northern Greece with pottery exclusively of this type. This ‘missing link’ has been discovered during excavations at Agios Ioannis in south-cast Thasos. The pottery from the site is completely handmade and can be attributed to a Later Iron Age phase.The absence of interest in this pottery tradition was due to difficulties concerning its identification and dating, but also to the fact that archaeologists were more interested in the definition of the nature of Greek colonies and the clarification of the relationships between settlers and natives. The survival of ‘Thracian’ pottery has been explained up to now through the idea of identifying an artefact type as an indicative element of the ‘culture’ of its producers. In fact, the intra-communal distribution of this pottery does not reveal any special differentiation, and does not appear to be related to only one group of the population, different in terms of race or economic strength. Here, we propose an additional interpretative tool, the ideological significance of this type of pottery for the people of south-east Europe.

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11

White, Mark, and Paul Pettitt. "Ancient Digs and Modern Myths: The Age and Context of the Kent's Cavern 4 Maxilla and the EarliestHomo sapiensSpecimens in Europe." European Journal of Archaeology 15, no. 3 (2012): 392–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1461957112y.0000000019.

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Recent anatomical analyses of a human maxilla found in 1927 in the Vestibule at Kent's Cavern, Devon, UK, have been interpreted as confirming its taxonomic status asHomo sapiens, while Bayesian modelling of dated fauna apparently ‘associated’ with it has been interpreted as suggesting a calendar age for the maxilla of around 44,200–41,500 years BP, rendering it the earliest fossil evidence for modern human presence in Northern Europe. In this paper, we examine fully the circumstances of the maxilla's discovery, data not previously considered. Based mostly on archival and limited published materials, as well as knowledge of the cave's stratigraphy, we provide a detailed examination of the context of the maxilla and associated finds. We urge caution over using a small selected sample of fauna from an old and poorly executed excavation in Kent's Cavern to provide a radiocarbon stratigraphy and age for a human fossil that cannot be dated directly, and we suggest that the recent dating should be rejected. We place our evaluation in the wider context of the dating of European early anatomically modern humans.

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12

Guy Straus, Lawrence, and Manuel González Morales. "El Mirón Cave and the 14C Chronology of Cantabrian Spain." Radiocarbon 45, no. 1 (2003): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200032380.

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Excavations since 1996 in the large El Mirón Cave in the Cantabrian Cordillera of northern Spain have revealed a cultural sequence of late Mousterian, early Upper Paleolithic, Solutrean, Magdalenian, Azilian, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, and Medieval occupations. These components have been dated by 51 generally coherent radiocarbon determinations, all run by the Geochron labs, in association with the Lawrence Livermore labs for AMS. This series is one of the largest for a single prehistoric site in Iberia or even Europe. The series is consistent with the record from Cantabrian Spain and provides new detail on the age of the Middle–Upper Paleolithic transition, on the various phases of the Magdalenian culture, on the appearance of the Neolithic in the Atlantic zone of Spain, and on the origins of the socioeconomic complexity in the metal ages. The stratigraphic relationship of 14C-dated levels to a roof-fall block and adjacent cave walls (both with engravings) provides rare terminus post and ante quem ages for execution of the rupestral art in El Mirón during the early to mid Magdalenian. The 14C record has also been instrumental in revealing the existence of depositional hiati during the early Holocene.

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13

Harding, Anthony, and Attila Szemán. "Evidence for Prehistoric Salt Extraction Rediscovered in the Hungarian Central Mining Museum." Antiquaries Journal 91 (May 31, 2011): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581511000023.

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AbstractThis paper describes a group of wooden objects (a trough, ladder, mallet and other pieces) found in 1817 in a salt mine in north-eastern Austria-Hungary, now Ukraine, which have recently come to light in the Hungarian Central Mining Museum in Sopron. It presents new radiocarbon dates indicating that the objects date to the Bronze Age, except for one that belongs to the early medieval period. Their function is briefly considered in the context of recent excavation and survey work in Romania, and specifically the remarkable discoveries from Băile Figa near Beclean, northern Transylvania, where several similar troughs and other objects have been found. Taken together, the finds shed light on the scale of salt exploitation in central and eastern Europe in prehistoric times.

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14

Ardavičiūtė-Ramanauskienė, Skaistė. "Metal spoons of the 14th-18th centuries from the archaeology collection of the National Museum of Lithuania: Typology, chronology and provenance." Archaeologia Baltica 29 (December 27, 2022): 52–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v29i0.2470.

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Metal spoons from archaeological excavations in Lithuania are a rare find. Therefore, no research has been done on their shape, chronology or provenance. The aim of this article is to identify what types of metal spoons were owned by the residents of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, whether the spoons were imported or produced locally, and whether the western European spoon trends had any influence on the material culture of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Only 19 spoons from the archaeology collection of the National Museum of Lithuania are attributed to the 14th–18th centuries. A morphological typology based on the spoons’ finials and handles was chosen in the current study. The first type is a spoon with a hexagonal ball finial from the second half of the 14th century. The other five types of spoons, from the second half of the 16th century and the 17th century, are characterised by a strawberry-shaped finial, an apostle figure, a twisted handle, a flat handle, and a hexagonal handle, respectively. The last type — a spoon with a rounded top — belongs to the end of the 17th century and the18th century. The spoon types and their chronology correspond to the types of spoons produced in northern, western and central Europe during the same period. This indicates that residents of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania not only followed the trends of the European cutlery fashion but also reacted promptly to changes. Although there is insufficient data to say with certainty whether non-precious metal spoons were produced in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, it can be shown at least that the goldsmiths there produced silver spoons which were popular in the region at the time.

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15

Meadows, John, Harald Lübke, Ilga Zagorska, Valdis Berziņš, Aija Ceriņa, and Ilze Ozola. "Potential Freshwater Reservoir Effects in a Neolithic Shell Midden at Riņņkalns, Latvia." Radiocarbon 56, no. 02 (2014): 823–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200049857.

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Riņņukalns is the only known prehistoric shell midden in the eastern Baltic, and is one of the few middens in northern Europe consisting mainly of freshwater mussel shells. Situated on the Salaca River at the outlet of Lake Burtnieks, in northeastern Latvia, the site was originally excavated in the 1870s, and reinvestigated several times over the following decades. A new excavation in 2011 showed that part of the midden remained intact. The new exposure, dated to the later 4th millennium cal BC, yielded rich fishbone and mollusk shell assemblages, herbivore, human and bird bones, and a wide range of artifacts typical of a subsistence economy based on fishing, hunting, and gathering. Human remains from burials excavated in the 1870s were also located in archives. The co-occurrence at Riņņukalns of human remains with a broad range of terrestrial and aquatic food remains provides an ideal setting to study freshwater reservoir effects and other isotopic signals of diet and mobility. The extent of14C depletion in local freshwater resources is an essential parameter for such studies; on the basis of14C ages of modern and paleoenvironmental samples, we estimate that the applicable reservoir age in Lake Burtnieks is in the order of 800–90014C yr.

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16

Arkæologisk Selskab, Jysk. "Anmeldelser 2014." Kuml 63, no. 63 (October 31, 2014): 331–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kuml.v63i63.24494.

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Søren H. Andersen: Tybrind Vig. Submerged Mesolithic settlements in Denmark(T. Douglas Price) Klaus Brandt (red.): Hollingstedt an der Trene. Ein Flusshafen der Wikingerzeit und des Mittelalters für den Transitverkehr zwischen Nord- und Ostsee(Hans Skov) Lisbeth Bredholt Christensen, Olav Hammer & David Warburton (red.): The Handbook of Religions in Ancient Europe(Morten Warmind) Andres S. Dobat: Kongens Borge. Rapport over undersøgelserne 7‑0(Silke Eisenschmidt) Oliver Grimm & Ulrich Schmölcke (red.): Hunting in Northern Europe until 0 AD. Old traditions and regional developments, continental sources and continental influences(Mads Dengsø Jessen) Beverley Hirschel, Babette Ludowici & Philipp Sulzer (red.): Individual and Individuality? Approaches towards an Archaeology of Personhood in the First Millenium AD(Rasmus Birch Iversen) Mette Høj (red.): Jacob Kornerup – maler, arkæolog og konservator(Hans Krongaard Kristensen) Connie Jantzen: Middelalderbyen Aarhus(Hans Krongaard Kristensen) Albrecht Jockenhövel (Hrsg.): Mittelalterliche Eisengewinnung im Märkischen Sauerland. Archäometallurgische Untersuchungen zu den Anfängen der Hochofentech‌nologie in Europa(Henriette Lyngstrøm) Niels Johannsen, Mads D. Jessen & Helle Juel Jensen (red.): Excavating the Mind: Cross-sections through Culture, Cognition and Materiality(Mette Løvschal) Axel Degn Johansson: Et liv med flint. En amatørarkæologs erindringer(Sven Thorsen) Hauke Jöns, Peter Schmid, Matthias D. Schön & Wolf Haio Zimmermann (red.): Herrenhöfe und die Hierarchie der Macht im Raum südlich und östlich der Nordsee von der Vorrömischen Eisenzeit bis zum frühen Mittelalter und zur Wikingerzeit(Andres S. Dobat) Maria Herlin Karnell (red.): Gotlands Bildstenar. Järnålderns gåtfulla budbärare(Christian Adamsen) Hans Krongaard Kristensen: Klostre i det middelalderlige Danmark(Martin W. Jürgensen) Hans Krongaard Kristensen: Børglum Domkirke og Kloster i middelalderen(Jes Wienberg) Nina Lau: Pilgramsdorf / Pielgrzymowo. Ein Fundplatz der römischen Kaiserzeit in Nordmasowien(Xenia Pauli Jensen) Lene Heidemann Lutz & Anne Birgitte Sørensen (red.): Med graveske gennem Sønderjylland. Arkæologi på naturgas- og motorvejstracé(Lars Krants) Lisbeth Pedersen (red.): Menneskers veje – kulturhistoriske essays i -året for Kalundborg Museum(Jesper Laursen) Kerstin Schierhold: Studien zur hessisch-westfälischen Megalithik. Forschungsstand und -perspektiven im europäischen Kontext(Anne Birgitte Gebauer) Mara-Julia Weber: From tech‌nology to tradition. Re-evaluating the Hamburgian-Magdalenian relationship(Felix Riede & Ditte Skov Jensen) Leslie Webster: The Franks Casket(Else Roesdahl) Joakim Wehlin: Östersjöns skeppssättningar. Monument och mötesplatser under yngre bronsålder(Lise Frost)

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17

Phillipson, David W., Andrew Reynolds, Sheila Boardman, Niall Finneran, Jacke Phillips, Alistair Jackson, and Sarah Semple. "B.I.E.A. Excavations at Aksum, Northern Ethiopia, 1995." Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 31, no. 1 (January 1996): 99–147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00672709609511458.

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18

Clark, Royston, G. Dalmeri, Bill Finlayson, and Steven Mithen. "Excavations at Pre Alta, Trentino, Northern Italy." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 2, no. 02 (October 1992): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774300000639.

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19

Ejsmond, Wojciech, Aneta Skalec, and Julia M. Chyla. "The Northern Necropolis of Gebelein in Light of Old and Current Fieldwork." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 106, no. 1-2 (June 2020): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307513320970944.

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The Northern Necropolis of Gebelein was a place of important discoveries, e.g. an archive of Old Kingdom papyri, the Tomb of Unknowns, and the Tomb of the General Iti II. Several excavations have taken place there, but none have been sufficiently published. The archaeological contexts of these discoveries are poorly known, which limits their research value. Archival data from two unpublished excavations can help to understand the archaeological topography of the eastern part of this cemetery. The current survey of the area enables the authors to understand the progress of previous excavations, to locate in the field some of the archaeological features discovered during the twentieth century excavations, and contributes to contextualisation of some of the artefacts which were discovered at the cemetery. The necropolis in question presents the development of an important, provincial burial ground which can contribute to the understanding of the history of the region and the funerary traditions in provincial areas. Worth to note are the peculiarities, such as an Old Kingdom mastaba with subsidiary burials within its walls, mummified dogs in a Twelfth Dynasty tomb, and Nubian influence on local funerary customs.

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20

Dauphin, Claudine M., and Yoram Tsafrir. "Excavations at Rehovot-in-the-Negev 1: The Northern Church." American Journal of Archaeology 95, no. 1 (January 1991): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/505179.

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21

Rosenswig, Robert M., and Douglas J. Kennett. "Reassessing San Estevan's Role in the Late Formative Political Geography of Northern Belize." Latin American Antiquity 19, no. 2 (June 2008): 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1045663500007756.

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We reassess San Estevan's role within the Late Formative period political geography of northern Belize. This medium-sized site has been interpreted as a subsidiary center to Nohmul that ruled the area along with Cerros, Lamanai, and Colha (Scarborough 1991). It has also been suggested that scores of autonomous polities existed in the region at this time (McAnany 1995). We examine these contrasting models in light of our recent excavations in the central precinct of San Estevan. These excavations reveal a stratigraphic sequence of Middle through Late Formative period deposits. Excavations document that the central part of the site was plastered over after 50 cal. B.C.—at roughly the same time as monumental construction projects were also started at Cerros, Nohmul, and Lamanai. San Estevan's central Mound XV was built on these plaster surfaces during the Late Formative period as was the adjacent ballcourt. Based on our new excavation data we suggest that San Estevan was an independent polity during the Late Formative period. Further, we propose that San Estevan competed, and engaged in warfare, with other medium and large regional centers and was one of ~12 independent polities forming a political patchwork across northern Belize.

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22

Andersen, Michael. "Archaeology and Sigillography in Northern Europe." Medieval Globe 4, no. 1 (2018): 213–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17302/tmg.4-1.8.

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Medieval seals, traditionally considered from the perspective of their documentary function, may also be studied as archaeological artefacts. Pilgrim badges were seal-shaped, and seal matrices and seal impressions can be found on church bells, in altars, and in burial sites. The context in which matrices are excavated provides valuable information on the practices of sealing and on the values attached to seals. This article also reveals a hitherto undescribed late medieval practice whereby papal and Scandinavian royal correspondents exchanged seal matrices.

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23

Arkæologisk Selskab, Jysk. "Anmeldelser 2006." Kuml 55, no. 55 (October 31, 2006): 279–347. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kuml.v55i55.24696.

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Mogens Bencard, Aino Kann Rasmussen & Helge Brinch Madsen (eds.): Ribe Excavations 1970-76, Volume 5.(Hans Krongaard Kristensen)Jostein Bergstøl (ed.): Scandinavian Archaeological Practice – in Theory. Proceedings from the 6. Nordic TAG, Oslo 2001.(Jeanette Varberg)Vagn Fabritius Buchwald: Iron and steel in ancient times.(Jørgen A. Jacobsen)Klaus Ebbesen: The Battle Axe Period – Stridsøksetid.(Mogens Hansen)Eva Hübner: Jungneolitisch Gräber auf der Jütischen Halbinsel. Typologische und chronologische Studien zur Einzelgrabkultur.(Mogens Hansen)Silke Eisenschmidt: Grabfunde des 8. bis 11. Jahrhunderts zwischen Kongeå und Eider. Zur Bestattungssitte der Wikingerzeit im südlichen Altdänemark.(Anne Christina Sørensen)Berit Valentin Eriksen (red.): Stenalderstudier. Tidligt mesolitiske jægere og samlere i Sydskandinavien.(Søren A. Sørensen)Per Ethelberg, Nis Hardt, Bjørn Poulsen og Anne Birgitte Sørensen: Det sønderjyske landbrugs historie – jernalder, vikingetid og middelalder.(Claus Kjeld Jensen)Svante Fischer: Roman Imperialism and Runic Literacy. The Westernization of Northern Europe (150-800 AD).(Klavs Randsborg)Joachim Herrmann: Ralswiek auf Rügen. Die slawisch-wikingischen Siedlungen und deren Hinterland. Teil III – Die Funde aus der Hauptsiedlung.(Søren M. Sindbæk)George Indruszewski: Man, Ship, Landscape. Ships and seafaring in the Oder Mouth area AD 400-1400. A case study of an ideological context. Publications from the National Museum. Studies in Archaeology and History Vol. 9.(Otto Uldum)Jesper Hjermind, Mette Iversen og Hans Krongaard Kristensen (red.): Viborg Søndersø 1000-1300. Byarkæologiske undersøgelser 1981 og 1984-85.(Anna Helena Petersén)Mette Iversen, David Earle Robinson, Jesper Hjermind, Charlie Christensen (red.): Viborg Søndersø 1018-1030. Arkæologi og naturvidenskab i et værkstedsområde fra vikingetid.(Anna Helena Petersén)Judith Jesch: Ships and Men in the Late Viking Age. The Vocabulary of Runic Inscriptions and Skaldic Verse.(Otto Uldum)Asger Jorn, Gérard Franceschi, Bente Magnus: Mennesker, guder og masker – i nordisk jernalderkunst, bind 1. Fuglen, dyret og mennesket – i nordisk jernalderkunst, bind 2.(Ulla Lund Hansen)Flemming Kaul, Martin Stoltze, Finn Ole Nielsen og Gerhard Milstreu: Helleristninger. Billeder fra Bornholms bronzealder.(Einar Østmo)Berit Johnsen: The Cosmic Wedding – a New Interpretation of Southern Scandinavian Rock Carvings, Stonehenge and other Manifestations of Bronze Age Religion.(Einar Østmo)Jan Kock & Else Roesdahl (red.): Boringholm – en østjysk træborg fra 1300-årene.(Anders Ödman)P. Lagerås & B. Strömberg (red.): Bronsåldersbygd 2300-500 f.Kr. Skånska spår – arkeologi längs Västkustbanan, Bd.5.(Lotte Hedeager)Mette S. Kristiansen (red): Tårnby. Gård og landsby gennem 1000 år.(Lotte Hedeager)Valter Lang (red.): Culture and material culture.(Søren M. Sindbæk)Lene Melheim, Lotte Hedeager og Kristin Oma: Mellom himmel og jord. Foredrag fra et seminar om religionsarkeologi, Isegran 31. januar- 2. februar 2002.(Jens Peter Schjødt)S. Mäntylä (red.): Rituals and relations. Studies on the society and material culture of the Baltic Finns.(Julie Lund)Lars Pilø: Bosted – urgård – enkeltgård. En analyse av premissene i den norske bosetningshistoriske forskningstradisjon på bakgrunn av bebyggelsesarkeologisk feltarbeid på Hedemarken.(Henrik Thrane)Neil Price: The Viking Way. Religion and War in Late Iron Age Scandinavia.(Else Roesdahl)T. Douglas Price og Anne Birgitte Gebauer (red.): Smakkerup Huse. A Late Mesolithic Coastal Site in Northwestern Zealand, Denmark.(Lasse Sørensen)Katalin Schmidt Sabo: Vem behöver en by? Kyrkheddinge, struktur och strategi under tusen år.(Mette Svart Kristiansen)Katalin Schmidt Sabo: Den medeltida byns sociala dimensioner.(Mette Svart Kristiansen)Starigard / Oldenburg: Hauptburg der Slawen in Wagrien. V. Naturwissenschaftliche Beiträge.(Peter Hambro Mikkelsen)

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Grygiel, Ryszard, and Peter Bogucki. "Early Farmers in North-Central Europe: 1989-1994 Excavations at Oslonki, Poland." Journal of Field Archaeology 24, no. 2 (1997): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/530469.

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Grygiel, Ryszard, and Peter Bogucki. "Early Farmers in North-Central Europe: 1989–1994 Excavations at Osłonki, Poland." Journal of Field Archaeology 24, no. 2 (January 1997): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/009346997792208186.

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26

Hammond, Norman. "Ancient Maya Wetland Agriculture: Excavations on Albion Island, Northern Belize." Journal of Archaeological Science 19, no. 2 (March 1992): 232–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(92)90052-5.

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27

Treister, Michail Yu. "Archaeological News From the Northern Pontic Region." Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 1, no. 1 (1995): 3–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157005794x00273.

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AbstractThis article gives a picture of developments in the Classical archaeology of the Northern Pontic region in the 1980's, surveying (Russian- and Ukrainian-language) literature, excavations and finds. The areas and sites covered include the Lower Dniester basin: Tyras, Nikonion, the Kosharskoye settlement, the island of Leuke; Olbia and its chora; Berezan (and its necropolis); the North-Western Crimea: Kalos Limen, Kerkinitis; the Western Crimea: Chersonesus and its Chora (incl. the Heraclean peninsula); Bosporus: Pantikapaion, Iluraton, the rural settlements ; the Lower Don Area: the Taganrog settlement, Tanais, the Elisavetovskoye fortified settlement; the Taman peninsula and the lower Kuban: Kepoi, Phanagoria, Hermonassa, Gorgippia and its chora.

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28

Zimansky, Paul, Norman Yoffee, and Jeffrey J. Clarke. "Early Stages in the Evolution of Mesopotamian Civilization: Soviet Excavations in Northern Iraq." Journal of Field Archaeology 23, no. 1 (1996): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/530616.

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29

Hunter, Fraser. "The Carnyx in Iron Age Europe." Antiquaries Journal 81 (September 2001): 77–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500072152.

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This paper reviews the evidence for the carnyx, the Iron Age animal-headed horn, in its European setting. The starting point is the head from Deskford, north-east Scotland: the results of recent work are described and a revised dating proposed. Excavations at the findspot strongly indicate it was a votive deposit. The nature of the wider European evidence and its biases are reviewed, to provide a firmer basis for commenting on the date and distribution of the instrument. Finally, attempts to reconstruct the carnyx are described.

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30

Taştemür, Emre, and Münteha Dinç. "Aksaz Thermal Complex: An Evaluation in Terms of Glass Finds and Settlement Archaeology." Gephyra 27 (April 29, 2024): 171–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1434427.

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The Aksaz thermal complex is located 48 km southwest of the centre of Uşak province, 18 km southwest of Ulubey district and 4.3 km southeast of Aksaz village. Blaundos (Sülümenli) is 10 km northeast of the spa, Motello (Bekilli) 24 km east and Tripolis (Buldan) 33 km southwest. Since many illegal excavations were discovered in the area in 1994, rescue excavations were carried out by a team from the Uşak Museum Directorate. The Aksaz stream is on the northern boundary of the bath where the rescue excavations were carried out and it was found that there were many hot water springs around the bath. This bath complex, which seems to have been in use from the Hellenistic to the Byzantine periods, was unfortunately abandoned after the rescue excavations and has been further destroyed by illegal excavations. The aim of this study is to emphasise the need for new additions to the road routes indicated by D. French with the existence of this archaeological site, by evaluating a thermal structure that has survived for hundreds of years in a rural settlement area and the uses of the glass found here.

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31

Curvers, Hans H., and Glenn M. Schwartz. "Excavations at Tell al-Raqā'i: A Small Rural Site of Early Urban Northern Mesopotamia." American Journal of Archaeology 94, no. 1 (January 1990): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/505523.

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32

Akkermans, Peter M. M. G., Marie le Mière, and Marie le Miere. "The 1988 Excavations at Tell Sabi Abyad, a Later Neolithic Village in Northern Syria." American Journal of Archaeology 96, no. 1 (January 1992): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/505755.

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33

Pappa, Maria, and Manthos Besios. "The Neolithic Settlement at Makriyalos, Northern Greece: Preliminary Report on the 1993-1995 Excavations." Journal of Field Archaeology 26, no. 2 (1999): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/530661.

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34

Finneran, Niall, Sheila Boardman, and Chester Cain. "Excavations at the Late Stone Age Site of Baahti Nebait, Aksum, Northern Ethiopia, 1997." Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 35, no. 1 (January 2000): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00672700009511596.

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35

Broadbent, Noel D. "Comments on transition to farming in Northern Europe: Evidence from Northern Sweden." Norwegian Archaeological Review 18, no. 1-2 (January 1985): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00293652.1985.9965418.

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36

Niblett, Rosalind, William Manning, and Christopher Saunders. "Verulamium: Excavations within the Roman Town 1986–88." Britannia 37 (November 2006): 53–188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3815/000000006784016639.

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ABSTRACTExcavations in Insulae II, III and XIII in the southern half of Verulamium demonstrated the absence of occupation prior to the late first century and the relatively late development of the street grid in this area. This forced a re-evaluation of the date of the 1955 ditch, suggesting it was not dug until the Flavian period. The excavations also demonstrated that Watling Street had never bisected Insula XIII on the south-eastern side of the Forum-Basilica, thus negating a major argument for the presence of a Claudian fort under the centre of the later town. A restricted excavation in the northern corner of Insula XIII revealed evidence for the location of the town’s baths, while excavation in Insula XIII revealed a long sequence of industrial and domestic occupation stretching from the late first to early fifth centuries. Evidence for continued occupation into the fifth century or beyond was recovered from Insula II, and to a lesser extent, in Insula XIII.

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37

Dolukhanov, Pavel, and Anvar Shrukov. "Modelling the Neolithic dispersal in northern Eurasia." Documenta Praehistorica 31 (December 31, 2004): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.31.3.

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Comprehensieve lists of radiocarbon dates from key Early Neolithic sites in Central Europe belonging to the Linear pottery Ceramic Culture (LBK) and early pottery-bearing cultures in the East European Plain were analysed with the use of the x2 test. The dates from the LBK sites form a statistically homogeneous set, with a probability distribution similar to a single-date Gaussian curve. This implies the rate of expansion of the LBK in Central Europe being in excess of 4 km/yr. Early potter-bearing sites on the East European Plain exhibit a much broader probability distribution of dates, with a spatio-temporal trend directed from the south-east to the north-west. The rate of spread of pottery-making is in the order of 1 km/yr, i.e., comparable to the average expansion rate of the Neolithic in Western and Central Europe.

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38

Gregory, Jon. "Estate Landscapes in Northern Europe." Landscapes 19, no. 2 (July 3, 2018): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2018.1776009.

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Bērziņš, Valdis, Ute Brinker, Christina Klein, Harald Lübke, John Meadows, Mudīte Rudzīte, Ulrich Schmölcke, Harald Stümpel, and Ilga Zagorska. "New research at Riņņukalns, a Neolithic freshwater shell midden in northern Latvia." Antiquity 88, no. 341 (August 26, 2014): 715–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0005064x.

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The prehistoric shell middens of Atlantic Europe consist of marine molluscs, but the eastern Baltic did not have exploitable marine species. Here the sole recorded shell midden, at Riņņukalns in Latvia, is on an inland lake and is formed of massive dumps of freshwater shells. Recent excavations indicate that they are the product of a small number of seasonal events during the later fourth millennium BC. The thickness of the shell deposits suggests that this was a special multi-purpose residential site visited for seasonal aggregations by pottery-using hunter-gatherer communities on the northern margin of Neolithic Europe.

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40

Bergman, Christopher A., Donald A. Miller, John F. Doershuk, Ken Duerksen, and Teresa W. Tune. "Early Woodland Occupation of the Northern Bluegrass: The West Runway Site (15BE391), Boone County, Kentucky." North American Archaeologist 19, no. 1 (July 1998): 13–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/lf0k-u1be-e852-9wfe.

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The West Runway site (15BE391) is located in an upland setting in Boone County, Kentucky. Excavations at this locality revealed intact Early Woodland deposits including pit features containing Fayette Thick ceramics and straight stemmed Kramer projectile points. Until these investigations, Fayette Thick ceramics had not previously been recovered from non-mound locations or in isolation within undisturbed feature contexts. Several radiocarbon determinations bracket the primary occupation of the West Runway site between 770 B.C. and 390 B.C. These dates indicate that the site predates the well-known Adena culture and suggest a need for continuing refinement of the Early Woodland cultural sequence.

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41

Blein, Charlotte. "L’archéologie préventive, une source de solutions pour demain? Réflexions sur les enjeux scientifiques et sociétaux de l’archéologie préventive face aux effets délétères du néo-libéralisme." Canadian Journal of Bioethics 2, no. 3 (December 18, 2019): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1066469ar.

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In recent decades, rescue archaeology in Europe has uncovered a much larger number of remains than planned archaeology. The mass of information resulting from this preventive research is such that its processing is a colossal task, but also unavoidable if preventive excavations are not to become synonymous with the destruction of the remains – which is precisely what they are supposed to prevent. The effort that our society must make (in terms of time and financial resources in particular) may seem heavy, even insurmountable to some; nevertheless, this effort is imperative and essential, because preventive excavations raise major challenges, both scientific and societal. This article aims to detail these issues and analyse them in the light of the deleterious effects of neoliberal logic on rescue archaeology and the associated ecological and societal difficulties.

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42

Böse, Margot, Christopher Lüthgens, Jonathan R. Lee, and James Rose. "Quaternary glaciations of northern Europe." Quaternary Science Reviews 44 (June 2012): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.04.017.

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43

Robson, Harry K. "The early settlement of Northern Europe." Antiquity 93, no. 367 (February 2019): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2018.264.

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This three-volume publication presents an up-to-date overview on the human colonisation of Northern Europe across the Pleistocene–Holocene transition in Scandinavia, the Eastern Baltic and Great Britain. Volume 1, Ecology of early settlement in Northern Europe, is a collection of 17 articles focusing on subsistence strategies and technologies, ecology and resource availability and demography in relation to different ecological niches. It is structured according to three geographic regions, the Skagerrak-Kattegat, the Baltic Region and the North Sea/Norwegian Sea, while its temporal focus is Late Glacial and Postglacial archaeology, c. 11000–5000 cal BC. These regions are particularly interesting given the long research history, which goes back as far as the nineteenth century (see Gron & Rowley-Conwy 2018), and the numerous environmental changes that have taken place throughout the Holocene: the presence of ice until c. 7500 cal BC, isostatic rebound alongside sea-level rise and the formation of the Baltic Sea, all of which have contributed to the preservation of outstanding archaeology.

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44

Biagi, Paolo, Elisabetta Starnini, Dušan Borić, and Niccolò Mazzucco. "Early Neolithic Settlement of the Po Plain (Northern Italy)." Documenta Praehistorica 47 (December 1, 2020): 192–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.47.11.

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Around the mid-19th century, several groups of archaeologists active in northern Italy discovered a few sites characterized by the presence of ‘hut-floors’ or ‘pit-dwellings’ (fondi di capanna), which they attributed to a well-defined period of their Stone Age sequence. Research in the central Po Plain of Lombardy was resumed in the 1970s, allowing one to attribute some of the older discoveries to the Early Neolithic Vhò cultural aspect. The scope of the excavations, which started on one of the Vhò di Piadena sites in 1974, was to interpret the function of the previously discovered features, establish their radiocarbon chronology, and compare the finds with those of the Fiorano culture distributed across the eastern regions of the Po Plain. The main goal of this paper is to provide an international audience with novel information about one of the still poorly known Early Neolithic cultural aspects of northern Italy, namely that of the Vhò.

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45

Bilgi, Önder. "İkiztepe in the Late Iron Age." Anatolian Studies 49 (December 1999): 27–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3643060.

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Following a three year survey in the Samsun region between 1971 and 1973, excavations started at İkiztepe, situated on the outskirts of İkiztepe village near Bafra town, in 1974. The results obtained from the excavations since 1993 demonstrate that the Bafra region was also settled during the Late Iron Age (Bilgi 1995: 142; 1996: 157; 1997: 145).Intensive survey and subsequent excavations located no settlements at İkiztepe after the first quarter of the second millennium BC. A monumental tomb from the Hellenistic period, however, was found at Tepe I (fig 1. Alkım et al 1988: 85-7). In addition to this tomb, comprising a dromos and two chambers built of cut stone blocks, traces of a settlement with pottery (figs 23, 27:3-6, 27:13-14) and small metal objects (figs 2-4) were found during excavations on the northern slope of Tepe I (Bilgi 1985: 55-6, pls 12-15).

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46

Parker, Adam, and Cath Ross. "A New Phallic Carving from Roman Catterick." Britannia 47 (May 2, 2016): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x16000118.

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ABSTRACTA phallic carving excavated by Northern Archaeological Associates in 2014 during investigations at Catterick, North Yorkshire, contained unique artistic features for a carving of this type in Roman Britain. Excavations were carried out as part of the A1 Leeming to Barton road upgrade scheme. The two features — a projecting line of ejaculate and an incised, triangular object — are here considered within the wider evidence base for phallic imagery in Roman Britain.

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47

Noble, Gordon, Meggen Gondek, Ewan Campbell, and Murray Cook. "Between prehistory and history: the archaeological detection of social change among the Picts." Antiquity 87, no. 338 (November 22, 2013): 1136–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00049917.

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The development of small-scale kingdoms in the post-Roman world of northwestern Europe is a key stage in the subsequent emergence of medieval states. Recent excavations at Rhynie in north-eastern Scotland have thrown important light on the emergence of one such kingdom, that of the Picts. Enclosures, sculptured ‘symbol stones’ and long-distance luxury imports identify Rhynie as a place of growing importance during the fifth to sixth centuries AD. Parallels can be drawn with similar processes in southern Scandinavia, where leadership combined roles of ritual and political authority. The excavations at Rhynie and the synthesis of dated Pictish enclosures illustrate the contribution that archaeology can make to the understanding of state formation processes in early medieval Europe.

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48

Connell, Samuel V., Amber Anderson, Chad Gifford, and Ana Lucía González. "Inka Militarism at the Pambamarca Complex in Northern Ecuador." Latin American Antiquity 30, no. 1 (March 2019): 177–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2018.80.

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In this article, we present research on Inka actions in the face of resistance by indigenous peoples on the northern frontier. We link fieldwork at the Pambamarca complex in northern Ecuador with historic documents to provide important context for further examining imperial processes. With its three site types, Pambamarca offers an opportunity to examine the range of tendencies that groups undergo during imperial moments. Its sites show evidence of both direct displays and the materialization of forceful control or takeover, as well as the more passive, nonsettler, decentralized hegemonic narratives also commonly associated with empire. Here we present detailed data for Inka military installations used to confront a prolonged resistance by the País Caranqui, a decentralized confederation of Caranqui-Cayambe peoples. Evidence from surveys and excavations— including architectural planning, distribution of artifacts, and military encounters—at two large sites in the complex, Quitoloma and Campana Pucara, helps expand our current understandings of the Inka invasion in northern Ecuador while broadening our perspective on the imperial narrative in South America.

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49

Skóra, Kalina. "‘Houses of Graves’ of Central-East Europe: Archaeology about Jewish Funeral Rituals." Fasciculi Archaeologiae Historicae 36 (December 6, 2023): 63–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.23858/fah36.2023.003.

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This article presents the state of archaeological research on Jewish cemeteries in Central-East Europe, mainly on the basis of excavations conducted in Poland, Czechia, and Lithuania). It presents the possibilities of reconstructing funerary rituals on the basis of archaeological findings: the organisation of the burial space, the dress and equipment of the deceased, the layout of the corpse and the arrangement of the interior of the burial pit. Possibilities for interdisciplinary studies of the funerary customs of the Central European diaspora were studied and further research needs were identified.

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50

Gronenborn, Detlef. "Migration, acculturation and culture change in western temperate Eurasia,." Documenta Praehistorica 30 (January 1, 2003): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.30.3.

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After the introduction of the pottery tradition of La Hoguette and contemporaneous research on Earliest LBK about 10 to 15 years ago, research onthe spread of farming in Central Europe had somewhat stagnated; there were hardly any major advances in factual knowledge, nor could theoretical models be refined. In the last few years, however, an abundance of new data has appeared, partly deriving from botanical and anthropological analyses. Furthermore, newly available results from excavations in European Russia widenour understanding of the manifold and complex changes occurring during the latter 7th and 6th millennium cal BC.

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