Journal articles on the topic 'Excavation Taxa'
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1
Botková, Kamila, and Jana Kůrová. "Floristic Survey of Summer Aspect in Chosen China Clay Pits in Western Bohemia." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 2 (2016): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664020401.
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Five different china clay pits in the western part of the Czech Republic were explored and plant species were determined. These chosen pits were: Hájek-western part, Chlumčany, Horní Bříza, Otovice and Podlesí II. China clay pits with active excavation represent a specific environment concerning both physical and chemical characteristics. This article is presenting a list of the higher plants which were found within active excavation or former excavation areas. Species with a protection status according to the Czech legislation are presented in more detail. 189 different species have been found in total, including 2 species from category C4 – potentially vulnerable taxa, 6 species from category C3 – endangered taxa and 1 species from the C1 – critically threatened taxa from the Red List of Vascular Plants of the Czech Republic. 28 different species occurred at each of the five sites. Predominant species favour sandy substratum and bare surface.
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Rodda, Peter U., and Nina Baghai. "Late Pleistocene vertebrates from downtown San Francisco, California." Journal of Paleontology 67, no. 6 (November 1993): 1058–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000025385.
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Disarticulated elements from three individuals of Mammuthus cf. M. columbi (Falconer) and one individual of Bison cf. B. latifrons (Harlan) were recovered from an excavation in gravelly, sandy clay of the Colma Formation at the southeast base of Telegraph Hill, San Francisco, California. This is the most abundant collection of late Pleistocene terrestrial vertebrates reported from San Francisco, and only the fourth record from excavations in the city proper. The Mammuthus-Bison association indicates a Rancholabrean age, and elements of these two taxa from this site have been radiocarbon dated at 25,380 ± 1,100 years B.P. Geologic setting, lithology, associated diatoms and pollen, and preservation of the bones suggest that these animals were buried rapidly in a boggy environment on the west margin of the broad valley now occupied by San Francisco Bay.
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Larasati, Wiatri, Rully Rahadian, and Mochamad Hadi. "Struktur Komunitas Mikroartropoda Tanah di Lahan Penambangan Galian C Rowosari, Kecamatan Tembalang, Semarang." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 18, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.18.2.79-88.
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Rowosari miningsite isthe ‘C’ type of excavation area in Semarang. Mining activities may affect environmental disturbance, including on soil fauna. This research aims to determine the community structure of soil microarthropods in Rowosari mining area. The research was conducted in August-September 2015. Soil samples were taken on diagonal plot of 5x5 m2 with a five-point sampling on two stations, namely Post Mining Area (PoMA) and Pre Mining Area (PeMA). The analysis used in the research are relative abundance index, Shannon-Weiner diversity index, evenness index, and Sorensen similarity index. The results shows that there are 360-660 individuals/m2 from 10 ordo and 24 taxa found in Rowosari Excavation Site. The highest relative abundance index is Carabidae (22,22) in PoMA station and Prostigmata (21,21) in PeMA station. The diversity both station belongs to medium category (2,43-2,45). The highest evenness index is 0,95. The similarity taxa of soil microarthropods in two stations are categorized as medium. Community structure of soil microathropods in Post Mining Area and Pre Mining Areawere no significant differences. Keywords: Community structure, Soil microarthropods, Miningexcavation C.
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Hunt, T. L., and P. V. Kirch. "Radiocarbon Dates from two Coastal Sites in the Manu'a Group, American Samoa." Radiocarbon 29, no. 3 (1987): 417–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200043800.
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Samples of inshore marine shell species (various taxa, see description below) were collected from controlled excavation of ceramic-bearing strata of two archaeologic sites in the Manu'a Island group, American Samoa. Located on the closely adjacent islands of Ta'u and Ofu (14° 14’ 30” S, 169° 30’ 40” E and 14° 10’ 55” S, 169° 39’ 0” E, respectively), these sites represent human occupation along shorelines undergoing a parallel depositional sequence of calcareous sand dune development and concomitant seaward progradation. Our primary objective was to obtain an initial age estimate for prehistoric ceramics from eastern Samoa. On stylistic and technologic criteria, the ceramics recovered from our excavations can be classified as thick-coarse Polynesian Plainware. Based on previous studies in Western Samoa, Polynesian Plainware represents a terminal phase of prehistoric pottery manufacture in the Samoan Islands, believed to date from ca 200 bc to ad 300 (Green & Davidson, 1974).
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Valera, Javier, Gonzalo Matilla-Seiquer, Concepción Obón, and Diego Rivera. "Archaeobotanical Study of Tell Khamîs (Syria)." Heritage 5, no. 3 (July 15, 2022): 1687–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage5030088.
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Tell Khamîs, an archaeological site of the Syrian region of Upper Jazeera, is 3 km east of the Euphrates and 31 km from Yarâblûs (ancient Karkemiš); archaeological excavations determined seven different levels (Early Bronze, Middle Bronze, Aramaic, Assyrian, Persian, Hellenistic, and Islamic). This study aims to identify plant remains recovered during the excavation of the site and to place them within the chronology of Tell Khamîs and in the context of the archaeobotanical evidence for the Upper Euphrates. A total of 88 sediment samples were collected, and seeds, recovered via flotation, were identified using optical and SEM microscopy. A total of 20,606 whole remains and 37,646 fragments belonging to 92 taxa and 35 plant families were identified. Seed lists were compared with those from other sites, and the results were analyzed using multivariate techniques. Barley is particularly noteworthy for the number of remains; this species was found in 49 different samples, notably, in a silo of about 4 m3 in volume. Middle Bronze Age and Assyrian levels are the richest in remains; the site presents a maximum of documented activity in the Middle Bronze Age period, and the most interesting taxa from a paleoenvironmental and cultural point of view are represented by one or a few seeds.
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Francini-Filho, Ronaldo B., Rodrigo L. Moura, Camilo M. Ferreira, and Ericka O. C. Coni. "Live coral predation by parrotfishes (Perciformes: Scaridae) in the Abrolhos Bank, eastern Brazil, with comments on the classification of species into functional groups." Neotropical Ichthyology 6, no. 2 (2008): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252008000200006.
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Parrotfishes (Perciformes: Scaridae) represent a critical functional group on coral reefs because their intense herbivory activity helps in avoiding coral overgrowth by algae. Although feeding preferentially on algae and detritus, some parrotfish species also consume live corals, leading to detrimental effects that may offset the benefits of removing competitive seaweeds. Parrotfish species differ markedly in terms of jaw morphology, foraging activity and extent of substratum excavation, and are typically divided into three functional groups: browsers, scrapers and excavators. The recognition of species within each functional group helps to understand their relative effects in terms of bioerosion, coral fitness and survival, habitat alteration and ecosystem dynamics. Here we report on live coral predation by the Brazilian endemic parrotfishes Scarus trispinosus and Sparisoma amplum in the largest coral reefs of the South Atlantic (Abrolhos Bank, eastern Brazil) and comment on their classification into functional groups based on direct behavioral observations. Scarus trispinosus and Sp. amplum allocated 0.8% and 8.1% of their bites to live corals respectively. Sparisoma amplum fed at lower rates, took shorter feeding forays and larger bites than Sc. trispinosus. Bite rates and foray size were negatively correlated to body size for Sc. trispinosus, but not for Sp. amplum. Our results indicate that Sp. amplum may be primarily recognized as an excavating species, as well as the most specialized parrotfish coral predator in Brazil, while Sc. trispinosus may be recognized as a scraper or excavator depending on its body size. This functional classification corresponds to the classification used for the putative sister taxa of Sc. trispinosus (Sc. coeruleus) and the sister taxa of Sp. amplum (Sp. viride) in the Caribbean, indicating that these two congeneric species pairs play similar ecological roles in different geographic regions.
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Trippe, Leslie H., Apoena Aguiar Ribeiro, M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril, John S. Preisser, Rujin Wang, and Andrea Ferreira Zandona. "Is Fluorescence Technology a Promising Tool for Detecting Infected Dentin in Deep Carious Lesions?" Caries Research 54, no. 3 (2020): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000505643.
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The purpose of this study was to determine if the degree of fluorescence detected by fluorescence-aided caries excavation (FACE) correlates with dentin bacterial microbiome diversity, as assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and with traditional tactile dentin caries assessment. Unidentified human teeth were obtained from a dental facility. The included teeth had a carious lesion two-thirds into the dentin, verified by radiography, and were red-fluorescing (RF) using FACE technology (SIROInspect; Sirona, Bensheim, Germany). Two independent examiners performed visual/tactile assessment of the lesions. RF sites were sampled with a sterile spoon excavator and dentin characteristics were evaluated. Once RF dentin was removed, a second sample of pink-fluorescing (PF) dentin was obtained. After excavation with a sterile round bur to nonfluorescing (NF) dentin, a third sample was collected with a slow-speed round bur. The samples were processed at the UNC (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) Microbiome Core Facility. Out of 134 extracted teeth collected, 21 fit the inclusion criteria, yielding 61 dentin samples. RF samples had the highest number of observed operational taxonomic units (n = 154), followed by PF (n = 109) and NF (n = 100). RF carious dentin was primarily “soft,” and NF dentin was assessed as “hard” 100% of the time by both examiners (rank correlation χ2: p < 0.001). However, approximately one-third of the tactile assessments of hard dentin still displayed some fluorescence, either pink or red. We concluded that the sampled fluorescing (RF and PF) and NF carious dentin layers displayed diverse bacterial taxa, and tactile assessments of soft, leathery, and hard corresponded with RF, PF, and NF.
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Maicher, Céline, Niels Bleicher, and Matthieu Le Bailly. "Spatializing data in paleoparasitology: Application to the study of the Neolithic lakeside settlement of Zürich-Parkhaus-Opéra, Switzerland." Holocene 29, no. 7 (March 28, 2019): 1198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683619838046.
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Paleoparasitological investigations were carried out on 124 sediment samples from the Swiss Neolithic lakeside settlement of Zürich-Parkhaus-Opéra (layer 13, 3176–3153 years BCE). Analyses revealed the presence of several taxa of human and/or animal gastrointestinal parasites, including whipworm (genus Trichuris), capillariids, tapeworms ( Taenia/Echinococcus and Diphyllobothrium genera) and flukes ( Fasciola and Paramphistomum genera). Owing to excavation conditions and the sampling strategy, an original spatial analysis of the results was applied. This approach contributes to defining concentrations of parasite remains and proposes hypotheses concerning waste management or the functions of some archaeological areas and structures at the site.
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Rhodes, A. N., J. W. Urbance, H. Youga, H. Corlew-Newman, C. A. Reddy, M. J. Klug, J. M. Tiedje, and D. C. Fisher. "Identification of Bacterial Isolates Obtained from Intestinal Contents Associated with 12,000-Year-Old Mastodon Remains." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.2.651-658.1998.
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ABSTRACT Mastodon (Mammut americanum) remains unearthed during excavation of ancient sediments usually consist only of skeletal material, due to postmortem decomposition of soft tissues by microorganisms. Two recent excavations of skeletal remains in anoxic sediments in Ohio and Michigan, however, have uncovered organic masses which appear to be remnants of the small and large intestines, respectively. Macrobotanical examinations of the composition of these masses revealed assemblages of plant material radiocarbon dated to approximately 11,500 years before the present and thought to be incompletely digested food remains from this extinct mammal. We attempted to cultivate and identify bacteria from the intestinal contents, bone-associated sediments, and sediments not in proximity to the remains using a variety of general and selective media. In all, 295 isolates were cultivated, and 38 individual taxa were identified by fatty acid-methyl ester (FAME) profiles and biochemical characteristics (API-20E). The taxonomic positions of selected enteric and obligately anaerobic bacteria were confirmed by 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing. Results indicate that the intestinal and bone-associated samples contained the greatest diversity of bacterial taxa and that members of the family Enterobacteriaceae represented 41% of all isolates and were predominant in the intestinal masses and sediments in proximity to the skeleton but were uncommon in the background sediments. Enterobacter cloacae was the most commonly identified isolate, and partial rDNA sequencing revealed thatRahnella aquatilis was the correct identity of strains suggested by FAME profiles to be Yersinia enterocolitica. No Bacteroides spp. or expected intestinal anaerobes were recovered. The only obligate anaerobes recovered were clostridia, and these were not recovered from the small intestinal masses. Microbiological evidence from this study supports other, macrobotanical data indicating the intestinal origin of these masses. Whether these organisms are direct descendants of the original intestinal microbiota, however, cannot be established.
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Antonelli, Federica, Alfonso Esposito, Giulia Galotta, Barbara Davidde Petriaggi, Silvano Piazza, Manuela Romagnoli, and Francesca Guerrieri. "Microbiota in Waterlogged Archaeological Wood: Use of Next-Generation Sequencing to Evaluate the Risk of Biodegradation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13 (July 4, 2020): 4636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134636.
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Waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW) is considered a precious material, first-hand account of past civilizations. Like any organic material, it is subjected to biodegradative action of microorganisms whose activity could be particularly fast and dangerous during the phases of excavation, storage and restoration. The present work aimed to characterize the microorganisms present in WAW during these tricky periods to evaluate the biological risk it is exposed to. The bacterial and fungal communities inhabiting woods coming from two archaeological sites (Pisa and Naples) were investigated through Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). High-throughput sequencing of extracted DNA fragments was performed using the reversible terminator-based sequencing chemistry with the Illumina MiSeq platform. The analyses revealed that the two archaeological sites showed distinct richness and biodiversity, as expected. In all the WAWs, the bacterial community harbored mainly Proteobacteria, whereas Bacteroidetes was well represented only in Naples communities and taxa belonging to the phyla Chloroflexi only in the Pisa site. Concerning the fungal community, the two sites were dominated by different phyla: Ascomycota for Naples samples and Basidiomycota for Pisa. Interestingly, most of the identified bacterial and fungal taxa have cellulolytic or ligninolytic ability. These results provide new and useful background information concerning the composition of WAW microbiota and the threat it represents for this precious material.
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Hohl, Leandro dos Santos Lima, Mariana Fiuza de Castro Loguercio, Fernando Lencastre Sicuro, José Duarte de Barros-Filho, and Oscar Rocha-Barbosa. "Body and skull morphometric variations between two shovel-headed species of Amphisbaenia (Reptilia: Squamata) with morphofunctional inferences on burrowing." PeerJ 5 (July 18, 2017): e3581. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3581.
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Background Morphological descriptions comparing Leposternon microcephalum and L. scutigerum have been made previously. However, these taxa lack a formal quantitative morphological characterization, and comparative studies suggest that morphology and burrowing performance are be related. The excavatory movements of L. microcephalum have been described in detail. However, there is a lack of studies comparing locomotor patterns and/or performance among different amphisbaenids sharing the same skull shape. This paper presents the first study of comparative morphometric variations between two closely related amphisbaenid species, L. microcephalum and L. scutigerum, with functional inferences on fossorial locomotion efficiency. Methods Inter-specific morphometric variations were verified through statistical analyses of body and cranial measures of L. microcephalum and L. scutigerum specimens. Their burrowing activity was assessed through X-ray videofluoroscopy and then compared. The influence of morphological variation on the speed of digging was tested among Leposternon individuals. Results Leposternon microcephalum and L. scutigerum are morphometrically distinct species. The first is shorter and robust with a wider head while the other is more elongated and slim with a narrower head. They share the same excavatory movements. The animals analyzed reached relatively high speeds, but individuals with narrower skulls dug faster. A negative correlation between the speed and the width of skull was determined, but not with total length or diameter of the body. Discussion The morphometric differences between L. microcephalum and L. scutigerum are in accord with morphological variations previously described. Since these species performed the same excavation pattern, we may infer that closely related amphisbaenids with the same skull type would exhibit the same excavatory pattern. The negative correlation between head width and excavation speed is also observed in others fossorial squamates. The robustness of the skull is also related to compression force in L. microcephalum. Individuals with wider heads are stronger. Thus, we suggest trade-offs between excavation speed and compression force during burrowing in this species.
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Płóciennik, Mateusz, Martyna Skonieczka, Olga Antczak, and Jacek Siciński. "Phenology of non-biting midges (Diptera Chironomidae) in peatland ponds, Central Poland." Entomologica Fennica 29, no. 2 (June 17, 2018): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.71014.
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Non-biting midges are one of the most diverse and abundant aquatic insects in peatlands. The Rąbień mire is a raised bog located on the edge of the Lodz Agglomeration in Central Poland. After peat extraction, many ponds remained in the Rąbień area. During the growing season in 2012, adult chironomids were collected by a light trap and a hand net near one of the excavation ponds. The phenology of adult flight period was documented from April to November. Thirty-one species were recorded and assigned to one of five phenology groups. Three parameters reflecting duration of daytime and weather conditions, i.e. air temperature, air humidity, were found to covary significantly with the observed flight periods. Taxa emerging in the spring may be classified as cold-adapted and those collected in the summer only as preferring higher air temperature. Emergence in late summer was related to a shorter duration of daytime.
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Gorodilov, Yu N. "About the origin of the "Cambrian Explosion" phenomenon and on the origin of animal types." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 323, Supplement 7 (December 6, 2019): 1–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2019.supl.7.5.
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The term “Cambrian explosion” refers to the sudden appearance of a large number of new taxa of animals of higher rank (classes, types) on the geological scale, documented by the excavation of sedimentary strata belonging to the Cambrian period of geological time. For 150 years, this evolutionary phenomenon has remained unsolved from the standpoint of traditional Darwinism, nor from the standpoint of its later modifications – the Synthetic theory of evolution and the theory of discontinuous equilibrium. Up to now, creationism was regarded as the only alternative to solving this problem. The author of this work, analyzing the vast factual material presented by embryologists, zoologists, paleontologists, molecular biologists, including those obtained at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries, offers a new natural-scientific concept to explain the causes for the explosion of macroevolutionary variability at the beginning of the Cambrian period.
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Gorodilov, Yu N. "About the origin of the "Cambrian Explosion" phenomenon and on the origin of animal types." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 323, Supplement 7 (December 6, 2019): 1–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2019.supl.9.5.
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The term “Cambrian explosion” refers to the sudden appearance of a large number of new taxa of animals of higher rank (classes, types) on the geological scale, documented by the excavation of sedimentary strata belonging to the Cambrian period of geological time. For 150 years, this evolutionary phenomenon has remained unsolved from the standpoint of traditional Darwinism, nor from the standpoint of its later modifications – the Synthetic theory of evolution and the theory of discontinuous equilibrium. Up to now, creationism was regarded as the only alternative to solving this problem. The author of this work, analyzing the vast factual material presented by embryologists, zoologists, paleontologists, molecular biologists, including those obtained at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries, offers a new natural-scientific concept to explain the causes for the explosion of macroevolutionary variability at the beginning of the Cambrian period.
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Adams, Justin W., Douglass S. Rovinsky, Andy I. R. Herries, and Colin G. Menter. "Macromammalian faunas, biochronology and palaeoecology of the early Pleistocene Main Quarry hominin-bearing deposits of the Drimolen Palaeocave System, South Africa." PeerJ 4 (April 18, 2016): e1941. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1941.
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The Drimolen Palaeocave System Main Quarry deposits (DMQ) are some of the most prolific hominin and primate-bearing deposits in the Fossil Hominids of South Africa UNESCO World Heritage Site. Discovered in the 1990s, excavations into the DMQ have yielded a demographically diverse sample ofParanthropus robustus(including DNH 7, the most complete cranium of the species recovered to date), earlyHomo,Papio hamadryas robinsoniandCercopithecoides williamsi. Alongside the hominin and primate sample is a diverse macromammalian assemblage, but prior publications have only provided a provisional species list and an analysis of the carnivores recovered prior to 2008. Here we present the first description and analysis of the non-primate macromammalian faunas from the DMQ, including all 826 taxonomically identifiable specimens catalogued from over two decades of excavation. We also provide a biochronological interpretation of the DMQ deposits and an initial discussion of local palaeoecology based on taxon representation.The current DMQ assemblage consists of the remains of minimally 147 individuals from 9 Orders and 14 Families of mammals. The carnivore assemblage described here is even more diverse than established in prior publications, including the identification ofMegantereon whitei,Lycyaenops silberbergi, and first evidence for the occurrence ofDinofeliscf.barlowiandDinofelisaff.piveteauiwithin a single South African site deposit. The cetartiodactyl assemblage is dominated by bovids, with the specimen composition unique in the high recovery of horn cores and dominance ofAntidorcas reckiremains. Other cetartiodactyl and perissodactyl taxa are represented by few specimens, as areHystrixandProcavia; the latter somewhat surprisingly so given their common occurrence at penecontemporaneous deposits in the region. Equally unusual (particularly given the size of the sample) is the identification of single specimens of giraffoid, elephantid and aardvark (Orycteropuscf.afer) that are rarely recovered from regional site deposits. Despite the diversity within the DMQ macromammalian faunas, there are few habitat- or biochronologically-sensitive species that provide specific ecologic or age boundaries for the deposits. Recovered species can only support the non-specific, mixed open-to-closed palaeohabitats around Drimolen that have been reconstructed for the other penecontemporaneous South African palaeokarst deposits. The identifiedEquus quaggassp. specimens recovered from the floor of the current excavation (∾−4.5–5 m below datum) suggests that most, if not all the DMQ specimens, were deposited after 2.33 Ma. Simultaneously, the carnivore specimens (D.cf.barlowi, L. silberbergi) suggest earlier Pleistocene (pre- 2.0–1.8 Ma) to maximally 1.6 Ma deposition (D.aff.piveteaui) for most of the DMQ fossil assemblage.
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Davis, Brian, Richard Cifelli, and Guillermo Rougier. "A preliminary report of the fossil mammals from a new microvertebrate locality in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Grand County, Utah." Geology of the Intermountain West 5 (February 7, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31711/giw.v5.pp1-8.
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The first Mesozoic mammals in North America were discovered in the Morrison Formation during the closing decades of the 19th century, as by-products of dinosaurs quarried by teams led by O.C. Marsh. These tiny fossils served as foundational specimens for our understanding of Mesozoic mammal evolution. There are now nearly 25 mammal-bearing localities known from the Morrison Formation, distributed across the Western Interior from the Black Hills to southern Colorado and west into Utah; the most historically important of these are in Wyoming (e.g., Como Quarry 9). Most Morrison mammals are known by jaws or jaw fragments, and several important Mesozoic groups (e.g., docodonts, dryolestoids, and to a large extent triconodonts and symmetrodonts) were established based on Morrison material, shaping the perception of mammalian diversity on a global scale. Despite heavy sampling of coeval sites elsewhere, the Morrison remains the most systematically diverse (at high taxonomic levels) assemblage of Jurassic mammals in the world. Here, we describe two mammalian specimens and highlight other remains yet to be fully identified from a new microvertebrate locality in the Morrison Formation of eastern Grand County, Utah. The site is positioned low in the Brushy Basin Member and is similar in lithology and stratigraphic level to the famous small vertebrate localities of the Fruita Paleontological Area, located less than 50 km to the northeast. In addition to small archosaurs and squamates, limited excavation to date has yielded at least 20 mammalian specimens representing a minimum of six taxa, several of which are new and quite different from typical Morrison taxa. Preservation is generally excellent and includes partially articulated cranial and postcranial elements of small vertebrates. This new site has great potential to contribute new taxa and more complete morphological data than typical Morrison localities, underscoring the importance of continued field work in the Morrison.
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Davis, Brian M., Richard L. Cifelli, and Guillermo W. Rougier. "A preliminary report of the fossil mammals from a new microvertebrate locality in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Grand County, Utah." Geology of the Intermountain West 5 (June 1, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31711/giw.v5i0.17.
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The first Mesozoic mammals in North America were discovered in the Morrison Formation during the closing decades of the 19th century, as by-products of dinosaurs quarried by teams led by O.C. Marsh. These tiny fossils served as foundational specimens for our understanding of Mesozoic mammal evolution. There are now nearly 25 mammal-bearing localities known from the Morrison Formation, distributed across the Western Interior from the Black Hills to southern Colorado and west into Utah; the most historically important of these are in Wyoming (e.g., Como Quarry 9). Most Morrison mammals are known by jaws or jaw fragments, and several important Mesozoic groups (e.g., docodonts, dryolestoids, and to a large extent triconodonts and symmetrodonts) were established based on Morrison material, shaping the perception of mammalian diversity on a global scale. Despite heavy sampling of coeval sites elsewhere, the Morrison remains the most systematically diverse (at high taxonomic levels) assemblage of Jurassic mammals in the world. Here, we describe two mammalian specimens and highlight other remains yet to be fully identified from a new microvertebrate locality in the Morrison Formation of eastern Grand County, Utah. The site is positioned low in the Brushy Basin Member and is similar in lithology and stratigraphic level to the famous small vertebrate localities of the Fruita Paleontological Area, located less than 50 km to the northeast. In addition to small archosaurs and squamates, limited excavation to date has yielded at least 20 mammalian specimens representing a minimum of six taxa, several of which are new and quite different from typical Morrison taxa. Preservation is generally excellent and includes partially articulated cranial and postcranial elements of small vertebrates. This new site has great potential to contribute new taxa and more complete morphological data than typical Morrison localities, underscoring the importance of continued field work in the Morrison.
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Mengual, Ximo. "Phylogenetic relationships of the bacchine flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) based on molecular characters, with a description of a new species of Melanostoma (Schiner, 1860)." Contributions to Zoology 89, no. 2 (February 27, 2020): 210–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-20191410.
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The phylogenetic relationships among the genera of the tribe Bacchini sensu lato (i.e., Syrphinae with simple, unsegmented aedeagus) were inferred using molecular evidence. The mitochondrial protein-coding gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and the nuclear ribosomal 28S and 18S rRNA genes for 54 bacchine taxa were analyzed using Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood. Among the analyzed taxa there is a new species of Melanostoma (Schiner) from Cameroon, Melanostoma janeceki Mengual, sp. nov., which is described in full. This new species has a complete metasternum without excavation, a characteristic that is not present in other species of Melanostoma, usually with an excavated metasternum, but it is the diagnostic character of the genus Afrostoma Skevington, Thompson & Vockeroth. Based on the phylogenetic placement of Melanostoma janeceki Mengual, sp. nov. the taxonomic status of Afrostoma as a genus is discussed and a new generic classification of Bacchini stat. rev. and Melanostomini stat. rev. is presented in the light of the inferred phylogeny. Results did not recover Bacchini sensu lato monophyletic, but into two groups as follows: Melanostoma and related genera, and Baccha, Platycheirus and related genera. Pseudoplatychirus van Doesburg is considered junior synonym of Platycheirus Le Peletier & Audinet-Serville, and Afrostoma Skevington, Thompson & Vockeroth as junior synonym of Melanostoma. Pyrophaena Schiner and Eocheilosia Hull comb. nov. are ranked as valid genera, and consequently, the genus Platycheirus is divided into four subgenera: Platycheirus (Carposcalis) (Enderlein), Platycheirus (Pachysphyria) (Enderlein), Platycheirus (Platycheirus), and Platycheirus (Tuberculanostoma) (Fluke) comb. nov.
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Apriyani, Ika, and Olan Jujun Sanggaria. "Soil Investigation Analysis Obstackle Cutting Planning Hill Direction Rh 04 Tana Toraja District." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1097, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1097/1/012060.
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Abstract The excavation activity of cutting the obstackle area is one of the technical activities to support the requirements of aviation safety due to the hard rock type conditions. In this research, which was conducted at Kunik Airport, Tana Toraja Regency, core drilling was carried out to determine the type of soil/rock excavation and to describe the engineering properties of the soil/rock layers. The results of the field implementation show that the depth of hard soil with an indication of the NSPT value > 60 is at a depth of 2m. while the total rating for the excavation method and the type of equipment used are a) Easy ripping which consists of clay soil type of equipment used in the form of a D7 type tractor with an alternative to using a standard bachoe excavator, b) Hard ripping consists of on brown and greenish-grey clay, the equipment used is a tractor type D7-D8 with an alternative to using an excavator breaker and c) Very hard ripping required Claystone is blackish brown in color. The equipment used is a tractor type D8-D9 with alternative can use excavator breaker
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Petchey, Fiona, Sean Ulm, Bruno David, Ian J. McNiven, Brit Asmussen, Helene Tomkins, Thomas Richards, et al. "14C Marine Reservoir Variability in Herbivores and Deposit-Feeding Gastropods from an Open Coastline, Papua New Guinea." Radiocarbon 54, no. 3-4 (2012): 967–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200047603.
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Herbivorous and deposit-feeding gastropods are a major component of archaeological shell middens worldwide. They provide a wealth of information about subsistence, economy, environment, and climate, but are generally considered to be less than ideal for radiocarbon dating because they can ingest sediment while they graze, inadvertently consuming terrestrial carbon in the process. However, few studies of 14C activity in herbivores or deposit-feeding gastropods have been conducted into this diverse range of animals that inhabit many environmental niches. Here, we present results investigating 14C variability in shells belonging to the families Strombidae and Potamididae from the Bogi 1 archaeological site, Caution Bay, southern coastal Papua New Guinea (PNG). These shells make up 39.3% of the shell MNI in the excavation units studied and some of these species are the most common taxa of neighboring sites. It would therefore be advantageous to establish if there are any 14C offsets associated with such animals, and identify those that can give reliable calendar ages. Our methodology combines a high-resolution excavation protocol, selection of short-lived samples identified to species level, and a triisotope approach using 14C, δ13C, and δ18O to evaluate the source of variability in shells. Our results indicate that considerable variation exists between different species of Strombidae with some inhabiting muddier environments that act as sinks for limestone-derived sediments with depleted 14C content. The magnitude of variation is, however, overshadowed by that measured in the mudwhelk, Cerithidea largillierti, which has the largest spread in 14C of any shellfish studied so far at Caution Bay. This animal ingests sediment within the estuary that contains 14C derived from both enriched and depleted sources.
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Duffield, Seonaid, Jennifer Walkus, Elroy White, Iain McKechnie, Quentin Mackie, and Duncan McLaren. "Documenting 6,000 Years of Indigenous Fisheries and Settlement as Seen through Vibracore Sampling on the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada." American Antiquity 87, no. 1 (November 8, 2021): 168–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2021.113.
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This article highlights the utility of vibracore technology to sample deep shell midden deposits on the Central Pacific Coast of British Columbia, Canada. Analysis of six core samples and 21 radiocarbon dates revealed that the archaeological deposits extended to a depth of 544 cm below surface and that occupation began approximately 6,000 years ago, continuing into the sixteenth century AD. Zooarchaeological identification of fine screened (2 mm) sediments shows that fish constitute 99.8% of identified vertebrate fauna, with a focus on herring (Clupea pallasii), salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.), rockfish (Sebastes sp.), and greenling (Hexagrammos sp.), followed by a variety of other fish taxa utilized throughout the occupation of this site. Despite a much smaller examined volume relative to conventional excavation, vibracoring was effective in recovering deep, stratigraphically intact, and adequate samples of zooarchaeological fisheries data as well as a considerable number of stone, bone, and shell artifacts (an estimated 550 artifacts per cubic meter of cultural sediments). These results show a persistent and sustainable ancient fishery through six millennia until the contact period. The field and laboratory methods described are especially conducive to sampling large and deep shell midden deposits repetitively.
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Nowak, Sylwia, and Arkadiusz Nowak. "The role of rock mining for maintaining Dauco carotae-Crepidetum rhoeadifoliae Hejný et Grüll in Hejný et al. 1979 — a new to Poland plant association." Open Life Sciences 8, no. 8 (August 1, 2013): 799–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-013-0185-2.
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AbstractThis work presents the Dauco carotae-Crepidetum rhoeadifoliae plant association, which is new to Poland. The association has been observed in industrial reclamation areas in the vicinity of carbonate mineral excavation sites in the central part of the Opole region. In the vast majority of cases, plots of this association developed in reclaimed areas. The majority of diagnostic species for the association was found within surveyed plots, including Verbascum thapsus, V. densiflorum and Bryum argenteum. Taxa characteristic of the alliance were also constantly present, i.e. Daucus carota, Melilotus alba, M. officinalis, Echium vulgare and Erysimum hieracifolium. This association belongs to the rarest syntaxa in Poland included in the Dauco-Melilotion alliance of ruderal communities with a predominance of hemicryptophytes, therophytes and perennials. The main diagnostic species — Crepis rhoeadifolia, belongs to very rare elements of Polish flora. It has been observed only in the southern part of the country in approx. 20 sites. Crepis rhoeadifolia had not been observed in Silesia for approx. 40 years, which is why it was considered to be an extinct taxon in this region. Rediscovering of the species allowed for diagnosing the Dauco-Crepidetum rhoeadifoliae association. This association is an example of a pioneer phytocenosis of, most likely, anthropogenic origin in Silesia.
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Pereira, Pedro Henrique Cipresso, and Giuliano Buzá Jacobucci. "Dieta e comportamento alimentar de Malacoctenus delalandii (Perciformes: Labrisomidae)." Biota Neotropica 8, no. 3 (September 2008): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032008000300014.
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O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a composição da dieta e o comportamento alimentar de Malacoctenus delalandii, uma espécie carnívora, de hábitos diurnos, que habita tocas e frestas de ambientes rochosos de águas tropicais. Para avaliação da dieta, foram coletados 31 indivíduos utilizando puçás, na praia da Fortaleza, município de Ubatuba. A oferta alimentar foi analisada comparando-se o conteúdo estomacal dos indivíduos com dez amostras do fital da alga calcária Amphiroa beauvoisii, local de forrageio da espécie. Para descrever o comportamento alimentar de M. delalandii foram realizadas 44 sessões de observação usando técnicas ad libitum e animal focal. Os itens alimentares considerados constantes foram os crustáceos pertencentes à ordem Isopoda (75,8%) e à subordem Gammaridea (86,2%), confirmando o hábito alimentar carnívoro da espécie. Houve uma diferença significativa (G = 278,89, g.L. = 70, p < 0,01) entre a disponibilidade de itens no substrato e a ocorrência destes nos estômagos. Foram realizados 410 minutos (6,8 horas) de observações subaquáticas diretas e concluiu-se que os indivíduos utilizam a estratégia alimentar de especulação do substrato ("grubber excavation while moving"). A espécie apresentou uma taxa de forrageamento de 0,74 ± 0,164 mordicadas per minutes (média ± desvio padrão), evidenciando baixa atividade alimentar e hábito criptobêntico.
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Royer, Aurélien, Jean-Baptiste Mallye, Maxime Pelletier, and Sylvain Griselin. "Who Killed the Small Mammals of Ittenheim (Northeastern France)? An Integrative Approach and New Taphonomic Data for Investigating Bone Assemblages Accumulated by Small Carnivores." Quaternary 4, no. 4 (November 22, 2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat4040041.
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Small carnivores are susceptible to regularly accumulating small- to medium-sized mammal remains in both natural and archaeological sites. However, compared to nocturnal birds of prey, these accumulations are still poorly documented and are generally based on a limited number of samples, including those of relatively small size. Here, we present an analysis of European hamster remains from a rescue excavation at Ittenheim (Bas-Rhin, Grand-Est, France), which were recovered from an infilled burrow, three meters below the current surface. The remains are well preserved and exhibit large proportions of tooth marks. Comparisons with a new and existing reference collection combined with an analysis of all recovered faunal remains suggest the accumulation reflects the action of young red foxes. This is supported by the fact that, although these young individuals leave teeth mark, they do not necessarily consume all parts of medium-sized prey species, including the European hamster. Conversely, the remains of smaller rodents, such as microtine, show distinct patterns of digestion and tooth marks. Carnivore bone accumulations from scats are generally poorly preserved; however, our results demonstrate prey size plays a major role, both qualitatively and quantitatively, in skeletal representation, bone preservation, and bone surface modifications. The present paper underlines the need for more diversified taphonomic reference collections based on an integrative approach designed to evaluate multi-taxa accumulations.
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DeNardo, Dale F., Karla T. Moeller, Mark Seward, and Roger Repp. "Evidence for atypical nest overwintering by hatchling lizards, Heloderma suspectum." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1879 (May 23, 2018): 20180632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0632.
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The timing of reproductive events (e.g. oviposition and hatching) to coincide with favourable seasonal conditions is critical for successful reproduction. However, developmental time may not match the duration between the optimal time for oviposition and the optimal time for hatchling survival. Thus, strategies that alter the time between oviposition and hatchling emergence can be highly advantageous. Arrested development and the resulting extension of the duration between oviposition and hatching has been widely documented across oviparous amniotes, but nest overwintering by hatchlings has only been documented in aquatic chelonians that live where winters are quite cold. Herein, we present a compilation of evidence regarding reproductive phenology by hatchlings of the Gila monster ( Heloderma suspectum ), a lizard inhabiting the Sonoran Desert of North America. Our data demonstrate that (i) Gila monster hatchlings from eggs oviposited in July do not emerge from their nests until late spring or summer of the following year, yet (ii) Gila monster eggs artificially incubated at field-relevant temperatures hatch in 4–5 months. Furthermore, we describe a fortuitous excavation of a hatching Gila monster nest in late October, which coincides with the artificial incubation results. Together, these results provide strong support for the existence of overwintering in the nest by a lizard, and suggest that this reproductive strategy should be explored in a broader array of taxa.
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Scannella, John. "A chasmosaurine ceratopsid premaxilla from the basal sandstone of the Hell Creek Formation, Montana." Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Palaeontology 8 (November 10, 2020): 154–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18435/vamp29366.
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A well-preserved large chasmosaurine ceratopsid premaxilla (MOR 1122 7-22-00-1) collected from the basal sandstone of the Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation (HCF) represents one of the stratigraphically lowest ceratopsid occurrences in the formation. The specimen was discovered in 2000, during the excavation of a large Torosaurus latus skull (MOR 1122) which was later hypothesized to represent an advanced growth stage of the more commonly recovered HCF ceratopsid Triceratops. MOR 1122 7-22-00-1 compares favorably with the incomplete premaxillae of the MOR 1122 skull and reveals details of premaxilla morphology from this stratigraphic zone. It preserves large, closely spaced ventromedial foramina, a narrow triangular process, and a thin septal flange at the base of the narial strut. The nasal process is narrow, caudally inclined and has a forked dorsal surface which appears to represent an intermediate between the morphology expressed in the slightly stratigraphically lower ceratopsid Eotriceratops xerinsularis from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta and specimens recovered higher in the HCF. MOR 1122 7-22-00-1 expresses a deep recess extending medial to the strut of the triangular process, a feature shared with other HCF ceratopsid specimens but not Eotriceratops or other earlier occurring triceratopsin taxa. The morphology of MOR 1122 7-22-00-1 is consistent with noted stratigraphic trends in HCF ceratopsids and highlights the increased complexity of the narial region in uppermost Cretaceous triceratopsins.
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Erickson, J. Mark, and Timothy D. Bouchard. "Description and interpretation ofSanctum laurentiensis, new ichnogenus and ichnospecies, a domichnium mined into Late Ordovician (Cincinnatian) ramose bryozoan colonies." Journal of Paleontology 77, no. 5 (September 2003): 1002–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000044826.
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During the Late Ordovician, arborescent and frondose trepostome, and cystoporate Bryozoa were frequently bored in a manner distinctly different fromTrypanites, Palaeosabella, andVermiforichnus, domichnia that are commonly associated with these organisms. Maysvillian and Richmondian bryozoan taxa on the Cincinnati Arch were particularly infested by an unidentified organism that used the interior of bryozoan branches as its domicile. The domichnial traceSanctum laurentiensisis newly described. Dwelling openings range in size from 1.1 mm to 3.2 mm and are located singly on surfaces of colony branches, commonly in a somewhat protected position. The circular opening leads through the exozone into an elongate or saccate chamber representing a variably shaped excavation of the bryozoan endozone. Traces ranging from 3.0 mm to 8.8 mm wide and 9.7 mm to 53 mm long are documented. Thin sections demonstrate that chambers were unlined and had irregular interior walls resulting from organismal mining of zooecial tubes.Cavity makers likely were multiple individuals of amphipod-like crustaceans (Arthropoda) that fed outside their domicile. Bryozoan colonies were occupied while upright, either entirely or partially live, or in some cases dead and overgrown by other bryozoans. Avoidance of predation and the ability to dwell and feed in a higher tier than that of infaunal tracemakers at the sediment-water interface were potential benefits of this domichnium. Presence of cavities reduced the strength of host branches, thus having a profound effect on colony morphology and growth over its lifetime. Unlike the many epizoans that used trepostomes as substrates with little long-term affect,Sanctum laurentiensissignificantly impacted its bryozoan host.
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Ciosek, Marek Tadeusz, Katarzyna Piórek, Roman Sikorski, and Agata Trębicka. "Population dynamics of Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill. in a new locality in Poland." Biodiversity Research and Conservation 41, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biorc-2016-0006.
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Abstract A new locality of Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill. in the Wyszków-Jegiel Forest District, in the southern part of Puszcza Biała (ATPOL EC79) is described. This locality is situated on an escarpment, at the edge of Peucedano-Pinetum fresh pine forest with elements of Serratulo-Pinetum mixed pine forest and Potentillo albae-Quercetum steppe oak forest. Good light conditions prevail in the place of plant occurrence. Studies carried out in 2008-2015 showed an increasing trend of P. patens population, though, recently, this population seems to be stable. The number of species accompanying the pasque-flower also increased in this time period. It was found based on the analysis of flora directly neighbouring the clumps of the pasque-flower. During 7 years, the number of taxa increased by 31.5% on plot I and by 25% on plot II. In the years 2011-2013, the pasque-flower was represented both by flowering (1-2) and vegetative individuals. Afterwards, the plant was present only in vegetative stage. The number of its leaves varied in time. The highest number of leaves - 14 per individual - was noted in 2014, and the lowest number (1) - in 2012. The reason for a decline in the number of plant clumps in the site Dalekie and, at the same time, the greatest threat was the excavation of sand from the escarpment. In 2012, this escarpment slid down and several clumps of the pasque-flower were destroyed. Forest management and digging up by wild boars were additional factors limiting the population. To preserve the site of P. patens, measures of active protection should be applied.
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LÓPEZ-ARBARELLO, ADRIANA, ZUO-YU SUN, EMILIA SFERCO, ANDREA TINTORI, GUANG-HUI XU, YUAN-LIN SUN, FEI-XIANG WU, and DA-YONG JIANG. "New species of Sangiorgioichthys Tintori and Lombardo, 2007 (Neopterygii, Semionotiformes) from the Anisian of Luoping (Yunnan Province, South China)." Zootaxa 2749, no. 1 (January 26, 2011): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2749.1.2.
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We report on a new species of the neopterygian genus Sangiorgioichthys Tintori and Lombardo, 2007, from middle Anisian (Pelsonian) deposits in South China (Luoping County, Yunnan Province). Sangiorgioichthys was previously known from a single species, S. aldae, from the late Ladinian of the Monte San Giorgio (Italy and Switzerland). The recognition of the new species helped to improve the diagnosis of the genus, which is mainly characterized by the presence of broad posttemporal and supracleithral bones, one or two suborbital bones occupying a triangular area ventral to the infraorbital bones and lateral to the quadrate, and elongate supramaxilla fitting in a an excavation of the dorsal border of the maxilla. Sangiorgioichthys sui n. sp. differs from the type species in having two pairs of extrascapular bones, the medial pair usually fused to the parietals, maxilla with a complete row of small conical teeth, long supramaxilla, more than half of the length of the maxilla, only two large suborbital bones posterior to the orbit, and flank scales with finely serrated posterior borders. With the discovery of S. sui n. sp., the number of fish genera shared by the Anisian/Ladinian deposits in the Alps and the Anisian deposits in South China increases, including not only the cosmopolitan Birgeria and Saurichthys, but also, among others, the subholosteans Colobodus (so far only in Panxian), Luopingichthys (so far only in Luoping), Peltopleurus, Habroichthys, and the very specialized neopterygians Placopleurus and Marcopoloichthys (only in Luoping). Therefore, although several fish taxa remain to be studied in the Chinese faunas, the so far available evidence indicates close biogeographic relationship between the Middle Triassic marine faunas of the Western Tethys region.
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Sharma, Subodh, and Ram Devi Tachamo Shah. "Major stressors influencing the river ecosystems of Far and Mid Western Development Regions of Nepal." Current World Environment 14, no. 2 (August 16, 2019): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.14.2.07.
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Maintaining healthy river ecosystem is essential both from aquatic biodiversity conservation perspective as well as for the socio-cultural and economic development of nations all over the world. Many rivers in Nepal have largely been modified with the purpose of supplying drinking water, irrigating agricultural lands, producing hydro-electricity, and operating water mills. During the process, rivers are channelized and the river bed materials are removed. Such activities of river bed excavation have changed both the natural flow regimes and morphological characteristics of rivers. Studies on the impacts caused by such stressors on river ecosystems are lacking in the context of Nepalese river systems. Therefore we have assessed how these stressors might change the faunal composition of benthic macroinvertebrates in headwaters of the Western region of Nepal. The study was conducted in the headwaters of rivers of Mahakali and Karnali rivers. Habitat specific benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled from 33 sites seasonally in the year 2016 and 2017. Physical characteristics of rivers including river bed composition, water abstractions and other local stressors including waste dumping and washing-bathing were noted in the field. The study showed that macroinvertebrates community structures were significantly different in the habitat modified sites compared to reference sites. In general, abstracted sites coupled with river bed removals were found to be colonized by fewer taxa with high dominance of pool preference biota such as genera of Mayflies (Torleya spp., Caenis spp., Choroterpes spp.) and families of true flies (Chironomidae and Ceratopogoniidae). Macroinvertebrates’ abundance was significantly lower in the habitat modified sites. This study envisages that maintaining river’s habitats with minimal flows all round year could preserve ecological integrity of river systems.
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Stefanic, Candice M., and Sterling J. Nesbitt. "The axial skeleton ofPoposaurus langstoni(Pseudosuchia: Poposauroidea) and its implications for accessory intervertebral articulation evolution in pseudosuchian archosaurs." PeerJ 6 (February 14, 2018): e4235. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4235.
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Dinosaurs and their close relatives grew to sizes larger than any other terrestrial animal in the history of life on Earth, and many enormous dinosaurs (e.g.,Diplodocus,Spinosaurus,Tyrannosaurus) have accessory intervertebral articulations that have been suggested to support these large body sizes. Some pseudosuchian archosaurs have been reported to have these articulations as well, but few have been characterized in these taxa because of a lower abundance of complete, three-dimensional pseudosuchian vertebral material in relation to dinosaurs. We describe the axial column of the large (∼4–5 m) poposauroid pseudosuchianPoposaurus langstonifrom the Upper Triassic of Texas (TMM Locality 31025 of the Otis Chalk localities; Dockum Group, Howard County, TX, USA).P. langstoniwas originally named from pelvic girdle elements and vertebrae; here we describe newly discovered and prepared presacral vertebrae and a presacral rib from the original excavation of the holotype in the 1940s. The well-preserved vertebrae have well-defined vertebral laminae and clear hyposphene–hypantrum intervertebral articulations, character states mentioned in pseudosuchians but rarely described. The new material demonstrates variation present in the hyposphene–hypantrum articulation through the vertebral column. We compared these morphologies to other pseudosuchians with and without the hyposphene–hypantrum articulation. Based on these careful comparisons, we provide an explicit definition for the hyposphene–hypantrum articulation applicable across Archosauria. Within Pseudosuchia, we find the hyposphene–hypantrum appeared independently in the clade at least twice, but we also see the loss of these structures in clades that had them ancestrally. Furthermore, we found the presence of large body sizes (femoral lengths >∼300 mm) and the presence of the hyposphene–hypantrum is correlated in most non-crocodylomorph pseudosuchian archosaurs with a few exceptions. This result suggests that the presence of the hyposphene–hypantrum is controlled by the increases and decreases in body size and not strictly inheritance.
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McMillan, R. Bruce. "C. W. Beehler's collection of vertebrate fossils: A lost legacy." Earth Sciences History 35, no. 2 (January 1, 2016): 354–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-35.2.354.
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The Kimmswick ‘bone bed’, a late Wisconsin paleontological locality in Jefferson County, Missouri, south of St. Louis, has been known since the early nineteenth century. The site gained international recognition in 1843 when a German immigrant and enterprising entrepreneur, Albert Koch, sold a composite skeleton of an American mastodon to the British Museum, parts of which came from Kimmswick. A half-century later a mechanic, inventor, and fossil hunter named Charles W. Beehler spent several months each year between 1897–1904 exhuming a massive collection of vertebrate fossils, representing several taxa, but one dominated by American mastodon (Mammut americanum). In addition, Beehler discovered human artifacts that he deemed were associated with the extinct fauna, thus adding Beehler to a growing number of proponents of what was termed the ‘American Paleolithic’. In retrospect he may have indeed uncovered evidence for an association between humans and extinct fauna, but the relationship went unrecognized by leading scientists of the time. Beehler constructed a wooden frame building on the site to house his collection, which he referred to as a museum. This was in preparation for visitors who would flock to the 1904 World's Fair in St. Louis, known officially as the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Featuring his active excavation and mastodon-dominated bone collection, Beehler created an attraction that enticed fair goers—as well as the curious—to schedule trips to Kimmswick. Following the World's Fair Beehler returned to St. Louis, but the disposition of his collection remained a mystery. There is no evidence that any significant number of specimens made their way into institutional hands where they were preserved. Beehler attracted national and international attention through his work at Kimmswick, but his reluctance to share or donate his collection to a reputable institution left him with a legacy of notoriety, and led to the loss of this important collection of vertebrate fossils.
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Grellet-Tinner, Gerald, and Peter Makovicky. "A possible egg of the dromaeosaur Deinonychus antirrhopus: phylogenetic and biological implications." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 43, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 705–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e06-033.
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A unique find of a partial egg in contact with articulated gastralia from a known specimen of the dromaeosaurid Deinonychus antirrhopus (AMNH 3015) is described. Much of the original taphonomic context of the specimen was lost during the 1931 excavation and preparation, but enough information is preserved to provide strong evidence for a parental association between the adult skeleton and egg. The articulated nature of the gastralia suggests that the adult skeleton was at least partially articulated and had not suffered from either extensive subaerial exposure or postmortem transport, and the egg preservation also indicates in situ burial and postburial lithogenic crushing. Additional support stems from the presence of limey claystone matrix that indicates a low-energy depositional event. Phylogenetic characteristics of the eggshell microstructure are consistent with a theropod origin, and skeletochronological analysis suggests that AMNH 3015 was an adult and thus of breeding age bolstering the interpretation that the egg derives from the skeletal specimen. Physiological parameters of D. antirrhopus, such as estimated mass and pelvic canal diameter, as well as eggshell thickness, are very similar to the similar sized and closely related oviraptorid Citipati osmolskae. Closely related maniraptoran theropods of several species have been found brooding their nests with the gastralia close to or in contact with eggs, and such a scenario is consistent with the preservation of AMNH 3015. Alternative explanations to a parental association, such as random co-occurrence or feeding, are improbable given the taphonomic and biological data of the find. AMNH 3015, therefore, probably represents the first identifiable dromaeosaurid egg yet discovered. It shares derived characters such as two eggshell layers with other theropods. Within theropods, the AMNH 3015 eggshell shares derived characteristics with oviraptorids and differs from troodontid eggshell despite the fact that these taxa are often recovered as sister groups in analyses of skeletal characters, but this signal is weak.
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Tataurov, S. F., and S. S. Tikhonov. "Shovels Used by Russians in 17th–18th Century Siberia." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 49, no. 3 (October 27, 2021): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.3.075-082.
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The study describes types of the shovel—one of the most widely used and multifunctional tools in 17th–18th century Russian culture of Siberia. The principal collection includes more than twenty intact and fragmented specimens unearthed during 13 fi eld seasons of excavations at Tara, in the Omsk Region. Shovels found elsewhere in Western Siberia are also described, and the role of this tool in the households of Russian pioneers in Siberia is assessed. Judging by the drawings in Semen Remezov’s chronicle and excavation records from Tara, Mangazeya, and Nadym forts, we conclude that shovels were specialized for various kinds of work, and that they varied with the season. There were diverse types used for constructing fortifi cations, dwellings and utility structures, for digging graves, tillage, clearing snow, handling bulk materials, and baking bread; children’s toy shovels are also described. Information is provided on shapes of shovels and the types of wood Siberians used for making them.
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Tataurov, S. Ph, S. S. Tikhonov, and M. P. Chernaya. "Research in the Historical Center of Tara in 2021." Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories 27 (2021): 674–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/2658-6193.2021.27.0674-0677.
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Archaeological research in the historic center of Tara in 2021 was concentrated in the southeastern part of the fortress, near one of the first churches of the city—Paraskeva Pyatnitskaya (Pyatnitskaya). It was the fourteenth season of excavations of the joint expedition of IAET SB RAS and National Research Tomsk State University in one of the first Russian cities in Western Siberia. Due to the overhaul of the district cultural center “Sever”, builders had to install fire tanks in an area of 100 m2 at a depth of five meters, so here, a layer of asphalt and gravel underlying it was opened and an excavation was laid. During the construction of the Cultural Centre, layers of the 19th-20th centuries were removed, so the study of cultural horizons began immediately in the middle of the 18th century from well-dated finds of the Chinese porcelain. We attributed the territory under study to the fortress based on the location of pavements recorded during the research, which were laid from Pyatnitskaya Church to the gate Tobolskaya and Spasskaya Towers, bypassing the fortress from the south. In the course of work, a construction horizon was discovered dated to the mid-17th century, being an intersection of the pavement from the entrance ostrog gates located in different parts of the town and the pavement from Pyatnitskaya Church to a complex of buildings of the Spassky Monastery. A housing complex consisting of a hut, household buildings and a glacier cellar with an overstructure, was directly adjacent to these roads. Its study yielded a collection of pottery, leather shoes, wooden and ceramic toys. Archaeological research of Tara conducted this year allowed us to significantly supplement the town’s planigraphy for the mid-17th century, to obtain the materials that supplement our ideas about the material and spiritual culture of the Tara residents in the late 16th-18th centuries.
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Exélis, Moïse Pierre, Rosli Ramli, Rabha W. Ibrahim, and Azarae Hj Idris. "Foraging Behaviour and Population Dynamics of Asian Weaver Ants: Assessing Its Potential as Biological Control Agent of the Invasive Bagworms Metisa plana (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) in Oil Palm Plantations." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010780.
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The bagworm (Metisa plana) is a recurrent indigenous invasive defoliator in oil palm plantations. Moderate foliar injury can cost up to 40% yield loss and more for years. The main objective of this review is to disseminate published research demonstrating the versatile services that would benefit farmers by adopting the Asian weaver ant into their pest management agenda. Oecophylla smaragdina is a natural indigenous enemy applied as a successful biological control agent (BCA) and strong component of integrated pest management (IPM) against important damaging pest infestations of commercial crops in the Asia-Pacific region. Farmers facing invasion could benefit by introducing Oecophylla ants as a treatment. The foraging behavior and population dynamics of this species are poorly documented, and hence need further evaluation. Ants of the Oecophylla genus, while exhibiting an intrinsic obligate arboreal pattern, demonstrate additional lengthy diurnal ground activity. The absolute territorial characteristic via continuous surveillance is significantly valuable to maintain pest balance. The exploratory scheme of major workers over large territories is derived from their inner predation instinct. The insufficient understanding of the population dynamics of this weaver ant species diverges from the knowledge of underground species. However, population density estimations of weaver ants by direct nest visual recordings are practicable and viable. The abundance assessment of individual underground ant species colonies by excavation ends with their extinction, which is not a sustainable model for O. smaragdina. Mathematical model estimation by simulation could not resolve this issue, adding inaccuracy to the deficiency of experimental proof. Thus, long-term monitoring of the population dynamics in real time in the field is compulsory to obtain a valid dataset. Oecophylla colonies, with the criteria of population stability, individual profusion, and permanent daily patrol services, are eligible as a BCA and alternative IPM treatment. The last decades have witnessed the closing of the scientific applied research gap between Asian and African species in favor of O. longinoda with comprehensive novel findings. By introducing Oecophylla ants, two main goals are reached: easing the burden of management costs for injurious insects and ending the practice of applying highly toxic pesticides that are harmful to non-target taxa, thus promoting environmental restoration.
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Tikhonov, S. S. "Spoken datas about of the history of the Tara fortress — the Tara town." Field studies in the Upper Ob, Irtysh and Altai (archeology, ethnography, oral history and museology) 16 (2021): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37386/2687-0584-2021-16-267-271.
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The article discusses the results of studying the natural-geographical environment, microtoponymy, historical parts of Tara, which are based on oral information. They were told to scientists by local residents who came to look at the excavations. Some of the materials were unreliable. Others correlated with archaeological, written, cartographic data. Oral materials, although their chronological depth is small, expand our understanding of the Tara fortress — the city of Tara.
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S., Tataurov, and Tikhonov S. "Archaeological Heritage of the Town Tara." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 33, no. 2 (2021): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(2).-08.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of archaeological materials obtained during the excavations of the Tara fortress / town Tara by Omsk archaeologists. In the more than four-meter cultural layer, seven building horizons have been preserved, in which all of its history has been contained. The peculiarities of the cultural layer contributed to the unique preservation of large objects (dwellings, outbuildings, defensive structures, pavements), as well as cultural and household items made of leather (shoes, belts, covers), wood (plates and cups, tues, whorls, shovels). Perfectly preserved foundations of churches and lower crowns (up to the ninth) of fortress and prison towers, powder magazines, lower crowns of huts with furniture and stoves make it possible not only to study data on material culture not reflected in written materials, but to raise the question of creating museum complexes «under open air», combining them with full-fledged reconstruction of these buildings. The temples of the 18th — 19th centuries, of which only one has survived, and are still known from excavations of foundations, merchant mansions and residential buildings of the late 19th century complement archaeological materials and allow studying the culture of the Tara population for four centuries. Keywords: Western Siberia, Tara, Russian archaeology, historical cities
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Nieling, Jens. "Dongus Tapa – An Iron Age Settlement in the Udabno-Steppe, Eastern Kakheti." Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 13, no. 1-2 (2007): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157005707x212661.
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Abstract The article is a preliminary report on an excavation carried out on the Iron Age settlement Dongus Tapa in Kakheti (Eastern Georgia). This fortified settlement existed from the Late Bronze Age till the 7th century BC and lasted longer than the settlements in the Shiraki plain, which end in the same century.
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Tataurov, S. F. "Tobacco and pipes in the city of Tara in the 17th–19th centuries." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 2 (49) (June 5, 2020): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2020-49-2-7.
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The research was carried out on the materials of 2009–2019 archeological-historical investigations in one of the first Russian cities in Siberia — Tara, founded in 1594. The aim was to study the process of tobacco distribu-tion in the region and the specific aspects of tobacco smoking in the 17th–19th centuries. The perception of this habit from the local administration and various groups of the population, such as servicemen, Old Believers and other social strata of the city, has been considered. The attitude to tobacco smoking changed over the studied period from the government ban to protection by the highest authorities. The perception within the society also varied, from semi-underground smoking and punishment for this habit to permission and encouragement. In total, during the excavation, 10 pipes for tobacco smoking and 2 mouthpieces were found. Pipes from archeological excavations of Siberian sites of the Sayany ostrog, as well as those from Moscow and Saint-Petersburg, were analyzed. Based on this analysis, the Tara pipes were divided into the following types: locally produced items of the 18th century, «Moscow» pipes of the 18th century, and porcelain pipes of the 19th century. By their design, they split into heads with small cups for finely cut tobacco and pipes with large cups for Russian coarsely cut tobacco. The collection of pipes obtained during archaeological research in the city of Tara overall fits into the general con-cept of the distribution of smoking in Siberia, proposed by A.V. Shapovalov. The mouthpieces are made of wood and bone and fit with dimensions of the pipe heads. Planigraphically, the findings of pipes and mouthpieces in the 17th century are associated to the interhouse spaces, and pipes of the 18th–19th centuries — to the location of drinking houses. This is related to the prohibition of smoking by local administrations before Peter the Great time, and then to the protests of Old Believers against smoking. The issue of the use of drugs during smoking, primarily hashish, a tradition that could come to Siberia from Central Asia, is still to be addressed.
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Tataurov, S. F. "Research in the historical center of the city of Tara in 2022." Field studies in the Upper Ob, Irtysh and Altai (archeology, ethnography, oral history and museology) 17 (2022): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37386/2687-0584-2022-17-179-183.
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In the field season of 2022, archaeological work continued in the historical center of Tara, on the territory of the Assumption Church. During the excavations, a very representative material was obtained on the history and planography of the city, the economic activities of the inhabitants, their everyday life and spiritual culture
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Tataurov, S. F., and S. S. Tikhonov. "‘Polish-Lithuanian’ archaeological materials from the excavations of the town of Tara." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 2(53) (May 28, 2021): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2021-53-2-7.
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In this article, the authors analyse materials from the excavations of the Tara fortress (Omsk Region, Wes-tern Siberia), founded in 1594 by Prince Andrei Yeletsky and functioned as the main outpost of the Russians in the Middle Irtysh region to counter Khan Kuchum, the Kuchumovichs, and then the newly-arrived population from Dzungaria and Kazakhstan, until construction of the Omsk fortress in 1716. The aim of this research is to identify amongst the finds the articles of Polish-Lithuanian origin, in outward appearance similar to Russian ones. Having studied the collections formed during the excavations of the fortress in 2007–2020, the authors came to the con-clusion that such items are definitely represented by the signet rings with nobility coats of arms, coins, and bap-tismal crosses made according to the Catholic canon. Potentially, Polish-Lithuanian origin could be assigned to some types of fabrics and leather goods, such as a travel compass case with images of French fleur-de-lis, some types of shoes, and handgun holsters. The presence of Venetian glass ware and plinth bricks in the layers of the 17th c., according to the authors, is also associated with the arrival in Tara of the population that had previously resided in the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth or on the western borders of Muscovy. The owners of these items ended up in Tara (and in Western Siberia) because they were taken prisoners or sided with the Rus-sians during the Russian-Polish wars. Over time, they formed a special category of service people called ‘Lithuania’. This is evidenced by numerous written sources. The basis for this conclusion is given by particular characteristics of Tara's trade relations established, primarily, with China, Lesser and Greater Bukharia, and the Uzbek Khanate, i.e., with the south in the 17th c., from where Chinese porcelain, silk and cotton fabrics, and some types of smo-king pipes came to Tara. At that time, weapons, bread, coarse fabrics, money for salaries of the servicemen of the Siberian garrisons, and cheap beads were imported to Tara from the west through Kazan, Kungur, and Lozva. In the 18th c., the main trade of the Russians began to concentrate in Troitskosavsk (Kyakhta since 1934) on the border with Mongolia, from where tea, silk, and porcelain were exported, whereas a flow of Russian-made goods, as well as European wines, sugar, some species of nuts, and spices, was established through Kazan into Siberia. Instead of ’Lithuania’, Germans started coming to Siberia. In the 19th c., Poles reappeared en masse in Western Siberia. However, those were no longer residents of Lithuania and Western Russian principalities, but ethnic Poles exiled to Siberia for participation in anti-Russian uprisings.
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Tataurov, Sergey F. "Collection of Horseshoes from the Excavations of the Historical Center of Tara." Archaeology and Ethnography 20, no. 5 (2021): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-5-129-141.
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Purpose. The basis of the research is the collection of horseshoes accumulated over the course of archaeological research of the historical center of the city of Tara in the Omsk region between 2007–2019. Currently, the collection contains 50 items. It is the largest collection among the studied Russian cities of Siberia. The aim of the study is to determine the level of development of certain technologies, transport and military affairs among the population on the basis of this category of items – from their manufacture to maintenance. The emergence of horseshoes became a step in the development of the economy, as it significantly increased the efficiency of the use of horses – the main driving force before the emergence of mechanical engines. Results. The collection items obtained over the course of archaeological research in Russian Siberian cities allow us to study the process of distribution of these devices in this region and the development of technical maintenance of horseshoe horses – production and replacement of horseshoes. The Tara collection, together with the context of their location, made it possible to study the ‘life’ of these items in detail – from manufacture to wear-breakage and their replacement. The main result of the study was the understanding of the need for constant ‘technical’ maintenance of putting horseshoes on horses, which was very significant in the military and economic aspect of the Russian Siberian city in the 17th – early 20th centuries. Conclusion. Study of appearance and distribution of such a technological method as putting horseshoes on horses in Russian Siberian cities allows to show the development of metalworking technologies and the appearance of innovations in other sectors of the economy – construction, trade, and so on.
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Bateman, Richard M., Liadan G. Stevens, and Jason Hilton. "Stratigraphy, palaeoenvironments and palaeoecology of the Loch Humphrey Burn lagerstätte and other Mississippian palaeobotanical localities of the Kilpatrick Hills, southwest Scotland." PeerJ 4 (February 18, 2016): e1700. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1700.
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Background and Aims.The largely Mississippian strata of the Kilpatrick Hills, located at the western end of the Scottish Midland Valley, enclose several macrofossil floras that together containca21 organ-species of permineralised plants andca44 organ-species of compressed plants, here estimated to represent 25 whole-plant species (Glenarbuck = nine, Loch Humphrey Burn Lower = 11, Upper = seven). The most significant locality is the internationally important volcanigenic sequence that is reputedly intercalated within the Clyde Plateau Lava Formation at Loch Humphrey Burn, whereca30 m of reworked tuffs and other clastic sediments enclose one of the world’s most important terrestrial lagerstätten of this period. We here explore the palaeoecology and palaeoenvironments of the locality, and elucidate its controversial age.Methods.Repeated re-excavation of key exposures allowed recognition of five main depositional units, differing in thickness from 4 m to 12 m. It also permitted detailed sampling for plant macrofossils and microfossils throughout the succession. Several approaches are integrated to re-assess the taphonomy and preservation of these exceptional plant fossils.Key Results.The deposits are rich in taxonomically diverse miospores and in toto contain at least six well-developed compression floras, together with two beds yielding nodules that enclose well-researched anatomically preserved plants permineralised in calcite. Bulk geochemistry shows that the upper nodules formed by migration of Ca with subordinate Mn and Na. Some phylogenetically important plant fossils recovered in the early 20th century have been traced to their source horizons. Trends in relative proportions of macrofossil and microfossil taxa through the sequence are only moderately congruent, perhaps reflecting the likelihood that microfossils sample the regional rather than the local flora.Conclusions.The Loch Humphrey Burn sequence encompasses a wide range of depositional environments that intercalates high-energy fluvial channels (possibly developed during flash floods in a seasonally arid environment) with lower energy flood plains and a brief lacustrine interval; all yield macrofloras typically dominated by allochthonous pteridosperms. The uppermost unit represents clastic swamps dominated by (hypo)autochthonous lycopsids and ferns s.l., and is tentatively correlated with the entire—reputedly mid-Visean—exposure at nearby Glenarbuck. Other nearby localities with rooted tree-lycopsids appear to have immediately pre-dated the onset of regional volcanism. These interpretations allow revised provenancing and dating of historical collections of key plant fossils. The late Tournaisian date previously attributed on palynological evidence to the lowest unit at Loch Humphrey Burn appears increasingly improbable when our re-appraisal of the macrofloras and microfloras is placed in the context of (a) statistical comparison with other permineralised Mississippian assemblages and (b) recent stratigraphic and geochronologic studies in the region; rather, we ascribe the entire Kilpatrick Hills sequence to the mid-Visean. Stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental interpretations of the Mississippian rocks of the Kilpatrick Hills have especially profound implications for our understanding of the physical evolution of Scotland during the Variscan orogeny and formation of Pangea.
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Makowiecki, Daniel. "Zwierzęce szczątki kostne z dawnego grodu w Dusinie, stanowisko 1, gm. Gostyń." Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia 26 (December 30, 2021): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/fpp.2021.26.08.
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This article presents the results of a specialist archaeozoological analysis of materials from an early medieval stronghold in Dusina, in southern Greater Poland. The examined bones come from millennium excavations and are a fragment of the collection obtained at that time. The remains were subjected to a description of zoological, anatomical and biological features, presenting the composition of individual taxa, as well as identifying traces on bones, indicating slaughtering activities and preferences in the selection of animal carcass parts
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Gillich, Olivér. "Architectural Elements of a Royal Residence : 15th-century Stone Carvings in Tata Castle." Hungarian Archaeology 10, no. 2 (2021): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36338/ha.2021.2.1.
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Being an important historical monument and a popular tourist destination, Tata Castle in Komárom-Esztergom County is well-known for many people. The medieval castle rising on the shore of the picturesque Old Lake offers outstanding scenery for its visitors. Although the castle had an important representative role during late medieval times and its archaeological excavation was conducted half a century ago, historians have made few efforts to research the building history and representative function of the castle more thoroughly. In its current state, the castle reveals little of its original 15th century appearance. However, a detailed examination of the remaining walls and stone carvings can help us to better understand the castle’s history.
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Pokharia, Anil K., Pushp Lata Singh, Neelam Mishra, Anoop Kumar, Upendra Singh, Alka Srivastava, Anjali Trivedi, et al. "Plant macroremains from Sarethi: An Early Historic site in Saryu region of Ganga Plain, Uttar Pradesh." Journal of Palaeosciences 68, no. (1-2) (December 31, 2019): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2019.39.
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The paper highlights additional data on the carbonized remains of crop plants, weeds and wild taxa recovered from excavations at Sarethi, a multicultural site in district Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh. The field–crops are represented by the grains and seeds of Oryza sativa (rice), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Triticum aestivum (bread wheat), T. sphaerococcum (dwarf wheat), Pisum arvense (field pea), Lens culinaris (lentil), Lathyrus sativus (grass pea), Vigna sp. (green/black gram), Macrotyloma uniflorum (horse gram), Linum usitatissimum (linseed), and Gossypium arboreum/herbaceum (cotton) dating back to 200 BCE–700 CE. In addition, few weeds and wild taxa denotative of cultivated fields and surrounding vegetation have also been recorded in the assemblage. The plant remains have been discussed and compared with the information on plant based subsistence economy from other sites in the region.
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Venkatesh, H. S., R. Balachander, and R. N. Gupta. "Handling the blockades while excavating the surge shaft at Tala Hydroelectric Project." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 23, no. 2 (March 2008): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2007.03.005.
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Pokines, James T., Adrian M. Lister, Christopher J. H. Ames, April Nowell, and Carlos E. Cordova. "Faunal remains from recent excavations at Shishan Marsh 1 (SM1), a Late Lower Paleolithic open-air site in the Azraq Basin, Jordan." Quaternary Research 91, no. 2 (January 25, 2019): 768–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2018.113.
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AbstractExcavations from 2013 to 2015 at the site of Shishan Marsh 1 (SM1) in the Azraq Basin of eastern Jordan have yielded substantial late middle Pleistocene lithic assemblages in association with faunal remains. Faunal preservation is poor, but multiple taxa have been identified, including cf. Panthera leo, Gazella sp., Bos cf. primigenius, Camelus sp., Equus spp., cf. Stephanorhinus hemitoechus, Palaeoloxodon cf. recki, and Elephas cf. hysudricus. The overall Azraq habitat may have been most similar to a savanna ecosystem, with a mixture of open grassland/shrub habitats and more closed vegetation along the wetlands margins. These taxa were drawn to the relatively lush oasis environment, where they were a dietary resource of the hominin groups exploiting the wetlands resources.
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Tataurov, S. F. "Archaeology of Tara in the context of Siberia’s accession to the Russian state (based on 2007–2019 studies)." Field studies in the Upper Ob, Irtysh and Altai (archeology, ethnography, oral history and museology) 15 (2020): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37386/2687-0584-2020-15-89-93.
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The article considers the materials of the archaeological excavations of the city of Tara as a source on the history of the accession of Western Siberia to the Russian state in the end of XVI–XVIII centuries. The analysis of finds testifying to the role of the city in the military, commercial, economic and cultural aspects of this process is given.