Relevant bibliographies by topics / Excavation Taxa

Academic literature on the topic 'Excavation Taxa'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Excavation Taxa"

Botková, Kamila, and Jana Kůrová. "Floristic Survey of Summer Aspect in Chosen China Clay Pits in Western Bohemia." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 2 (2016): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664020401.

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Five different china clay pits in the western part of the Czech Republic were explored and plant species were determined. These chosen pits were: Hájek-western part, Chlumčany, Horní Bříza, Otovice and Podlesí II. China clay pits with active excavation represent a specific environment concerning both physical and chemical characteristics. This article is presenting a list of the higher plants which were found within active excavation or former excavation areas. Species with a protection status according to the Czech legislation are presented in more detail. 189 different species have been found in total, including 2 species from category C4 – potentially vulnerable taxa, 6 species from category C3 – endangered taxa and 1 species from the C1 – critically threatened taxa from the Red List of Vascular Plants of the Czech Republic. 28 different species occurred at each of the five sites. Predominant species favour sandy substratum and bare surface.

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Rodda, Peter U., and Nina Baghai. "Late Pleistocene vertebrates from downtown San Francisco, California." Journal of Paleontology 67, no. 6 (November 1993): 1058–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000025385.

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Disarticulated elements from three individuals of Mammuthus cf. M. columbi (Falconer) and one individual of Bison cf. B. latifrons (Harlan) were recovered from an excavation in gravelly, sandy clay of the Colma Formation at the southeast base of Telegraph Hill, San Francisco, California. This is the most abundant collection of late Pleistocene terrestrial vertebrates reported from San Francisco, and only the fourth record from excavations in the city proper. The Mammuthus-Bison association indicates a Rancholabrean age, and elements of these two taxa from this site have been radiocarbon dated at 25,380 ± 1,100 years B.P. Geologic setting, lithology, associated diatoms and pollen, and preservation of the bones suggest that these animals were buried rapidly in a boggy environment on the west margin of the broad valley now occupied by San Francisco Bay.

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Larasati, Wiatri, Rully Rahadian, and Mochamad Hadi. "Struktur Komunitas Mikroartropoda Tanah di Lahan Penambangan Galian C Rowosari, Kecamatan Tembalang, Semarang." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 18, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.18.2.79-88.

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Rowosari miningsite isthe ‘C’ type of excavation area in Semarang. Mining activities may affect environmental disturbance, including on soil fauna. This research aims to determine the community structure of soil microarthropods in Rowosari mining area. The research was conducted in August-September 2015. Soil samples were taken on diagonal plot of 5x5 m2 with a five-point sampling on two stations, namely Post Mining Area (PoMA) and Pre Mining Area (PeMA). The analysis used in the research are relative abundance index, Shannon-Weiner diversity index, evenness index, and Sorensen similarity index. The results shows that there are 360-660 individuals/m2 from 10 ordo and 24 taxa found in Rowosari Excavation Site. The highest relative abundance index is Carabidae (22,22) in PoMA station and Prostigmata (21,21) in PeMA station. The diversity both station belongs to medium category (2,43-2,45). The highest evenness index is 0,95. The similarity taxa of soil microarthropods in two stations are categorized as medium. Community structure of soil microathropods in Post Mining Area and Pre Mining Areawere no significant differences. Keywords: Community structure, Soil microarthropods, Miningexcavation C.

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Hunt, T. L., and P. V. Kirch. "Radiocarbon Dates from two Coastal Sites in the Manu'a Group, American Samoa." Radiocarbon 29, no. 3 (1987): 417–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200043800.

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Samples of inshore marine shell species (various taxa, see description below) were collected from controlled excavation of ceramic-bearing strata of two archaeologic sites in the Manu'a Island group, American Samoa. Located on the closely adjacent islands of Ta'u and Ofu (14° 14’ 30” S, 169° 30’ 40” E and 14° 10’ 55” S, 169° 39’ 0” E, respectively), these sites represent human occupation along shorelines undergoing a parallel depositional sequence of calcareous sand dune development and concomitant seaward progradation. Our primary objective was to obtain an initial age estimate for prehistoric ceramics from eastern Samoa. On stylistic and technologic criteria, the ceramics recovered from our excavations can be classified as thick-coarse Polynesian Plainware. Based on previous studies in Western Samoa, Polynesian Plainware represents a terminal phase of prehistoric pottery manufacture in the Samoan Islands, believed to date from ca 200 bc to ad 300 (Green & Davidson, 1974).

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Valera, Javier, Gonzalo Matilla-Seiquer, Concepción Obón, and Diego Rivera. "Archaeobotanical Study of Tell Khamîs (Syria)." Heritage 5, no. 3 (July 15, 2022): 1687–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage5030088.

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Tell Khamîs, an archaeological site of the Syrian region of Upper Jazeera, is 3 km east of the Euphrates and 31 km from Yarâblûs (ancient Karkemiš); archaeological excavations determined seven different levels (Early Bronze, Middle Bronze, Aramaic, Assyrian, Persian, Hellenistic, and Islamic). This study aims to identify plant remains recovered during the excavation of the site and to place them within the chronology of Tell Khamîs and in the context of the archaeobotanical evidence for the Upper Euphrates. A total of 88 sediment samples were collected, and seeds, recovered via flotation, were identified using optical and SEM microscopy. A total of 20,606 whole remains and 37,646 fragments belonging to 92 taxa and 35 plant families were identified. Seed lists were compared with those from other sites, and the results were analyzed using multivariate techniques. Barley is particularly noteworthy for the number of remains; this species was found in 49 different samples, notably, in a silo of about 4 m3 in volume. Middle Bronze Age and Assyrian levels are the richest in remains; the site presents a maximum of documented activity in the Middle Bronze Age period, and the most interesting taxa from a paleoenvironmental and cultural point of view are represented by one or a few seeds.

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Francini-Filho, Ronaldo B., Rodrigo L. Moura, Camilo M. Ferreira, and Ericka O. C. Coni. "Live coral predation by parrotfishes (Perciformes: Scaridae) in the Abrolhos Bank, eastern Brazil, with comments on the classification of species into functional groups." Neotropical Ichthyology 6, no. 2 (2008): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252008000200006.

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Parrotfishes (Perciformes: Scaridae) represent a critical functional group on coral reefs because their intense herbivory activity helps in avoiding coral overgrowth by algae. Although feeding preferentially on algae and detritus, some parrotfish species also consume live corals, leading to detrimental effects that may offset the benefits of removing competitive seaweeds. Parrotfish species differ markedly in terms of jaw morphology, foraging activity and extent of substratum excavation, and are typically divided into three functional groups: browsers, scrapers and excavators. The recognition of species within each functional group helps to understand their relative effects in terms of bioerosion, coral fitness and survival, habitat alteration and ecosystem dynamics. Here we report on live coral predation by the Brazilian endemic parrotfishes Scarus trispinosus and Sparisoma amplum in the largest coral reefs of the South Atlantic (Abrolhos Bank, eastern Brazil) and comment on their classification into functional groups based on direct behavioral observations. Scarus trispinosus and Sp. amplum allocated 0.8% and 8.1% of their bites to live corals respectively. Sparisoma amplum fed at lower rates, took shorter feeding forays and larger bites than Sc. trispinosus. Bite rates and foray size were negatively correlated to body size for Sc. trispinosus, but not for Sp. amplum. Our results indicate that Sp. amplum may be primarily recognized as an excavating species, as well as the most specialized parrotfish coral predator in Brazil, while Sc. trispinosus may be recognized as a scraper or excavator depending on its body size. This functional classification corresponds to the classification used for the putative sister taxa of Sc. trispinosus (Sc. coeruleus) and the sister taxa of Sp. amplum (Sp. viride) in the Caribbean, indicating that these two congeneric species pairs play similar ecological roles in different geographic regions.

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Trippe, Leslie H., Apoena Aguiar Ribeiro, M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril, John S. Preisser, Rujin Wang, and Andrea Ferreira Zandona. "Is Fluorescence Technology a Promising Tool for Detecting Infected Dentin in Deep Carious Lesions?" Caries Research 54, no. 3 (2020): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000505643.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if the degree of fluorescence detected by fluorescence-aided caries excavation (FACE) correlates with dentin bacterial microbiome diversity, as assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and with traditional tactile dentin caries assessment. Unidentified human teeth were obtained from a dental facility. The included teeth had a carious lesion two-thirds into the dentin, verified by radiography, and were red-fluorescing (RF) using FACE technology (SIROInspect; Sirona, Bensheim, Germany). Two independent examiners performed visual/tactile assessment of the lesions. RF sites were sampled with a sterile spoon excavator and dentin characteristics were evaluated. Once RF dentin was removed, a second sample of pink-fluorescing (PF) dentin was obtained. After excavation with a sterile round bur to nonfluorescing (NF) dentin, a third sample was collected with a slow-speed round bur. The samples were processed at the UNC (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) Microbiome Core Facility. Out of 134 extracted teeth collected, 21 fit the inclusion criteria, yielding 61 dentin samples. RF samples had the highest number of observed operational taxonomic units (n = 154), followed by PF (n = 109) and NF (n = 100). RF carious dentin was primarily “soft,” and NF dentin was assessed as “hard” 100% of the time by both examiners (rank correlation χ2: p < 0.001). However, approximately one-third of the tactile assessments of hard dentin still displayed some fluorescence, either pink or red. We concluded that the sampled fluorescing (RF and PF) and NF carious dentin layers displayed diverse bacterial taxa, and tactile assessments of soft, leathery, and hard corresponded with RF, PF, and NF.

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Maicher, Céline, Niels Bleicher, and Matthieu Le Bailly. "Spatializing data in paleoparasitology: Application to the study of the Neolithic lakeside settlement of Zürich-Parkhaus-Opéra, Switzerland." Holocene 29, no. 7 (March 28, 2019): 1198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683619838046.

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Paleoparasitological investigations were carried out on 124 sediment samples from the Swiss Neolithic lakeside settlement of Zürich-Parkhaus-Opéra (layer 13, 3176–3153 years BCE). Analyses revealed the presence of several taxa of human and/or animal gastrointestinal parasites, including whipworm (genus Trichuris), capillariids, tapeworms ( Taenia/Echinococcus and Diphyllobothrium genera) and flukes ( Fasciola and Paramphistomum genera). Owing to excavation conditions and the sampling strategy, an original spatial analysis of the results was applied. This approach contributes to defining concentrations of parasite remains and proposes hypotheses concerning waste management or the functions of some archaeological areas and structures at the site.

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Rhodes, A. N., J. W. Urbance, H. Youga, H. Corlew-Newman, C. A. Reddy, M. J. Klug, J. M. Tiedje, and D. C. Fisher. "Identification of Bacterial Isolates Obtained from Intestinal Contents Associated with 12,000-Year-Old Mastodon Remains." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.2.651-658.1998.

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ABSTRACT Mastodon (Mammut americanum) remains unearthed during excavation of ancient sediments usually consist only of skeletal material, due to postmortem decomposition of soft tissues by microorganisms. Two recent excavations of skeletal remains in anoxic sediments in Ohio and Michigan, however, have uncovered organic masses which appear to be remnants of the small and large intestines, respectively. Macrobotanical examinations of the composition of these masses revealed assemblages of plant material radiocarbon dated to approximately 11,500 years before the present and thought to be incompletely digested food remains from this extinct mammal. We attempted to cultivate and identify bacteria from the intestinal contents, bone-associated sediments, and sediments not in proximity to the remains using a variety of general and selective media. In all, 295 isolates were cultivated, and 38 individual taxa were identified by fatty acid-methyl ester (FAME) profiles and biochemical characteristics (API-20E). The taxonomic positions of selected enteric and obligately anaerobic bacteria were confirmed by 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing. Results indicate that the intestinal and bone-associated samples contained the greatest diversity of bacterial taxa and that members of the family Enterobacteriaceae represented 41% of all isolates and were predominant in the intestinal masses and sediments in proximity to the skeleton but were uncommon in the background sediments. Enterobacter cloacae was the most commonly identified isolate, and partial rDNA sequencing revealed thatRahnella aquatilis was the correct identity of strains suggested by FAME profiles to be Yersinia enterocolitica. No Bacteroides spp. or expected intestinal anaerobes were recovered. The only obligate anaerobes recovered were clostridia, and these were not recovered from the small intestinal masses. Microbiological evidence from this study supports other, macrobotanical data indicating the intestinal origin of these masses. Whether these organisms are direct descendants of the original intestinal microbiota, however, cannot be established.

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Antonelli, Federica, Alfonso Esposito, Giulia Galotta, Barbara Davidde Petriaggi, Silvano Piazza, Manuela Romagnoli, and Francesca Guerrieri. "Microbiota in Waterlogged Archaeological Wood: Use of Next-Generation Sequencing to Evaluate the Risk of Biodegradation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13 (July 4, 2020): 4636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134636.

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Waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW) is considered a precious material, first-hand account of past civilizations. Like any organic material, it is subjected to biodegradative action of microorganisms whose activity could be particularly fast and dangerous during the phases of excavation, storage and restoration. The present work aimed to characterize the microorganisms present in WAW during these tricky periods to evaluate the biological risk it is exposed to. The bacterial and fungal communities inhabiting woods coming from two archaeological sites (Pisa and Naples) were investigated through Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). High-throughput sequencing of extracted DNA fragments was performed using the reversible terminator-based sequencing chemistry with the Illumina MiSeq platform. The analyses revealed that the two archaeological sites showed distinct richness and biodiversity, as expected. In all the WAWs, the bacterial community harbored mainly Proteobacteria, whereas Bacteroidetes was well represented only in Naples communities and taxa belonging to the phyla Chloroflexi only in the Pisa site. Concerning the fungal community, the two sites were dominated by different phyla: Ascomycota for Naples samples and Basidiomycota for Pisa. Interestingly, most of the identified bacterial and fungal taxa have cellulolytic or ligninolytic ability. These results provide new and useful background information concerning the composition of WAW microbiota and the threat it represents for this precious material.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Excavation Taxa"

Tarawneh, Monther. "A Novel Quartet-Based Method for Inferring Evolutionary Trees from Molecular Data." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2301.

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Molecular Evolution is the key to explain the divergence of species and the origin of life on earth. The main task in the study of molecular evolution is the reconstruction of evolutionary trees from sequences data of the current species. This thesis introduces a novel algorithm for inferring evolutionary trees from genetic data using quartet-based approach. The new method recursively merges sub-trees based on a global statistical provided by the global quartet weight matrix. The quarte weights can be computed using several methods. Since the quartet weights computation is the most expensive procedure in this approach, the new method enables the parallel inference of large evolutionary trees. Several techniques developed to deal with quartets inaccuracies. In addition, the new method we developed is flexible in such a way that can combine morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses to yield more accurate trees. Also, we introduce the concept of critical point where more than one possible merges are possible for the same sub-tree. The critical point concept can provide information about the relationships between species in more details and show how close they are. This enables us to detect other reasonable trees. We evaluated the algorithm on both synthetic and real data sets. Experimental results showed that the new method achieved significantly better accuracy in comparison with existing methods.

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Tarawneh, Monther. "A Novel Quartet-Based Method for Inferring Evolutionary Trees from Molecular Data." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2301.

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octor of Philosophy(PhD)
Molecular Evolution is the key to explain the divergence of species and the origin of life on earth. The main task in the study of molecular evolution is the reconstruction of evolutionary trees from sequences data of the current species. This thesis introduces a novel algorithm for inferring evolutionary trees from genetic data using quartet-based approach. The new method recursively merges sub-trees based on a global statistical provided by the global quartet weight matrix. The quarte weights can be computed using several methods. Since the quartet weights computation is the most expensive procedure in this approach, the new method enables the parallel inference of large evolutionary trees. Several techniques developed to deal with quartets inaccuracies. In addition, the new method we developed is flexible in such a way that can combine morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses to yield more accurate trees. Also, we introduce the concept of critical point where more than one possible merges are possible for the same sub-tree. The critical point concept can provide information about the relationships between species in more details and show how close they are. This enables us to detect other reasonable trees. We evaluated the algorithm on both synthetic and real data sets. Experimental results showed that the new method achieved significantly better accuracy in comparison with existing methods.

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Books on the topic "Excavation Taxa"

Jayaswal, Vidula. Ādikāśī se Vārāṇasī taka. Naī Dillī: Āryana Buksa Inṭaraneśanala, 2011.

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Jayaswal, Vidula. Ādikāśī se Vārāṇasī taka. Naī Dillī: Āryana Buksa Inṭaraneśanala, 2011.

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Ādikāśī se Vārāṇasī taka. Naī Dillī: Āryana Buksa Inṭaraneśanala, 2011.

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Newman, Conor. Tara: An archaeological survey. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy for the Discovery Programme, 1997.

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O'Sullivan, Muiris. Duma na nGiall =: The Mound of the Hostages, Tara. Bray, Co. Wicklow: Wordwell, 2005.

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Automats, taxi dances, and vaudeville: Excavating Manhattan's lost places of leisure. New York: New York University Press, 2009.

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Velzian, Donaghy Caroline, Caulfield Seamus, Mattenberger Ursula, and University College, Dublin. School of Archaeology., eds. The rath of the synods, Tara, Co. Meath: Excavations by Seán P.Ó Ríordáin. Dublin: Wordwell in association with the UCD School of Archaeology, 2008.

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Litvinskiĭ, Boris Anatolʹevich. Taxt-i Sangīn, der Oxus-Tempel: Grabungsbefund, Statigraphie und Architektur. Mainz am Rhein: P. von Zabern, 2002.

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Prācīna Bhāratīya durga-saṃracanā: Prārambha se Gupta kāla taka. Vārāṇasī: Kalā Prakāśana, 2009.

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Programme, Discovery, and Royal Irish Academy, eds. Tara and the Ark of the Covenant: A search for the Ark of the Covenant by British-Israelites on the Hill of Tara (1899-1902). Dublin: The Discovery Programme/Royal Irish Academy, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Excavation Taxa"

Vaz, Filipe, João Tereso, Sérgio Simões Pereira, José Sastre, Javier Larrazabal Galarza, Susana Cosme, José António Pereira, and Israel Espi. "O uso de madeira como combustível no sítio da Quinta de Crestelos (Baixo Sabor): da Idade do Ferro à Romanização." In Arqueologia em Portugal 2020 - Estado da Questão - Textos, 1191–206. Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses e CITCEM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/978-989-8970-25-1/arqa86.

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A large set of archaeobotanical samples were recovered during the excavation of Quinta de Crestelos (Mogadouro), several of which have already been published. This paper focusses on the charcoal analysis still unpublished from two sectors of this site. The first, located in the lower platform, relates to a habitation area comprised of huts and fireplaces from the 4th to the 2nd centuries BC. The second is a functional area with three ovens of different typologies dating to the 1st – 2nd centuries AD. Results revealed a diverse set of taxa, dominated by evergreen and deciduous oak, heath, pine and ash. This data allowed to access uses of wood in the site, namely their relation to the function and type of structures where they have been found.

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"Appendix 3. Scientific nomenclature of mammalian taxa listed in this report." In The Excavations of San Giovanni di Ruoti. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442681231-009.

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Botić, Katarina, and Metka Culiberg. "Anthracological Analysis of Samples from Four Sites with Smelting Activity Around Virje and Hlebine." In Interdisciplinary Research into Iron Metallurgy along the Drava River in Croatia, 194–211. Archaeopress Archaeology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/9781803271026-9.

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This contribution summarises the results of anthracological analyses conducted on the remains of charcoal from workshop and residential areas extracted during small-scale excavations at four sites around Virje and Hlebine. The aim was to determine wood taxa from iron production workshop contexts and from adjacent residential areas, or from other activities, such as timber construction or production of everyday objects. Further interests included reconstructing the availability of wood as a raw material and understanding the natural environment around the mentioned sites across various periods of their occupation and activities.

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Conference papers on the topic "Excavation Taxa"

Никитин, А. Б., and В. А. Гаибов. "Seleucid Bullae in the State Hermitage Collection." In Hypanis. Труды отдела классической археологии ИА РАН. Crossref, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2019.978-5-94375-307-7.119-141.

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Селевкидские буллы это небольшие куски глины или битума, крепившиеся к документам, обычно контрактам или налоговым счетам. Многие из булл несут на себе следы веревок (шнуров) или отпечатки папирусных свитков. Их поверхность покрыта оттисками печатей магистратов и свидетелей. Оттиски печатей на селевкидских буллах разнообразны. Изредка встречаются царские печати с изображениями правителей. Официальные печати содержат надписи: обозначение должности, административной единицы (например, название города), дату по эре Селевка (начиная с 312 г. до н.э.). Печати частных лиц, выступавших свидетелями, чаще всего анэпиграфны. На них изображались божества греческого пантеона, животные, реальные и фантастические, мужские и женские портреты, различные предметы. Селевкидские буллы происходят с территорий, в прошлом принадлежавших империи Селевкидов это Месопотамия и Сирия. Многочисленные буллы из разных музейных коллекций и найденные при раскопках месопотамских городов уже опубликованы. В Эрмитаже хранятся пятнадцать селевкидских булл, предположительно привезенных И.М. Дьяконовым из Кембриджа в 1954 году с 23го Международного конгресса востоковедов. Точных сведений о происхождении эрмитажных булл нет. Особый интерес среди них представляют два оттиска печатей, принадлежащие магистратам города Урук, ответственным за налоги, а также оттиск с указанием даты по эре Селевка (булла ДВ19114). Сюжеты, представленные на публикуемых буллах, весьма разнообразны, но в целом они не выходят за пределы обычных для печатей эллинистического времени изображений. Примечателен тот факт, что на парфянских буллах из Старой Нисы и из раскопок Гёбеклы-депе в Маргиане мы встречаем оттиски печатей с аналогичными сюжетами, что иллюстрирует преемственность традиций парфянской сфрагистики. Seleucid bullae are small lumps of clay or bitimen attached to documents, usually contracts or tax accounts. Many of them bear traces of cords or impressions from rolls of papyrus. They also bear impressions of seals belonging to officials or witnesses. The impressions are various. There are rare royal sealings with portraits of monarchs. Official seals often bear inscriptions indicating the owners office, administrative unit (the name of the city, for example) and date according to the Seleucid era (from 312 B.C.). Seals of private persons acting as witnesses most often have no inscriptions. They represent deities of the Greek Pantheon, animals, real and fantastic male and female portraits, different other objects. Seleucid bullae originate mainly from territories belonging in the past to the Seleucid kingdom - Mesopotamia and Syria. Numerous bullae from museum collections and from archaeological excavations have been already published. In the Hermitage Museum there are fifteen Seleucid bullae presumably brought by I.M. Diakonoff from Cambridge from the 23rd International Congress of Orientologists. Most interesting among these are two sealings of the magistrates of the city of Uruq responsible for taxes and one dated sealing (DV-19114). The images represented on the Hermitage bullae are various, however they all belong to the traditional circle of Hellenistic images. It is noteworthy that on Parthian bullae from Old Nisa and Goebekly-depe in Margiana there are many sealings with similar images illustrating the continuity of the Hellenistic-Parthian sphragistic tradition.

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Reports on the topic "Excavation Taxa"

Hodnett, John, Ralph Eshelman, Nicholas Gardner, and Vincent Santucci. Geology, Pleistocene paleontology, and research history of the Cumberland Bone Cave: Potomac Heritage National Scenic Trail. National Park Service, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2296839.

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The Cumberland Bone Cave is a public visitation stop along the Potomac Heritage National Scenic Trail renowned for its unique fossil resources that help reconstruct Appalachian middle Pleistocene life in the mid-Atlantic region of North America. This site is gated for safety and to prevent unwanted exploration and damage. Approximately 163 taxa of fossil plant and animals have been collected from Cumberland Bone Cave since 1912. Most of the fossils that have been published pertain to mammals, including many extinct or locally extirpated genera and species. Though the early excavations made by the Smithsonian Institution between 1912 and 1915 are the best known of the work at Cumberland Bone Cave, over many decades multiple institutions and paleontologists have collected and studied the fossil resources from this site up until 2012. Today, fossils from Cumberland Bone Cave are housed at various museum collections, including public displays at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington D.C. and the Allegany Museum in Cumberland, Maryland. This report summarizes the geology, fossil resources, and the history of excavation and research for Potomac Heritage Trail’s Cumberland Bone Cave.

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