Dissertations / Theses: 'Examination'

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Mayer, Patricia Lynn Sorci. "Self-care knowledge that informs mothers' behaviors during the enculturation of their daughters regarding breast self-examination." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276622.

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Five Tucson, Arizona, mothers of adolescent daughters participated in exploratory, descriptive nursing research employing ethnographic interviews during July, 1987, to determine what cultural knowledge informs the behaviors of mothers as they enculturate their daughters regarding Breast Self-Examination (BSE). Five major taxonomies of cultural knowledge emerged: "Caring For Yourself Means Surviving As A Species"; "Being Unsure, Thinking 'Why Bother?' "; "It Can't Happen To Me"; "If I Don't Know About It, It Isn't There"; and "It's Unnatural To Touch Yourself." Six pairs of conflicting cultural themes both presented BSE as a self-care means to promote human-species survival and simultaneously accounted for women's BSE non-compliance via their uncertainty over BSE techniques, sense of invulnerability to cancer, fear of uncovering disease, and unease with their own bodies. Nursing intervention should reinforce positive cultural knowledge about the female breasts which could be communicated by mothers to their daughters along with procedural knowledge in promoting BSE practice.

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Dehrmann, Luiza. "Predictors of examination success in the SAICA qualifying examinations." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80094.

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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objective of the study was to identify predictors of success in the SAICA Board Examination. The study considered various personality states and traits, cognitive ability, learning and study strategies and academic progress as predictors of academic success of auditing trainees writing the SAICA board examinations in order to qualify as Chartered Accountants. A detailed literature review was undertaken which identified that academic success has successfully been predicted by the Big Five personality traits, cognitive ability, by elements of psychological capital more specifically hope, efficacy, resiliency and optimism. The literature also confirmed the successful prediction of academic success through prior learning achievements and the implementation of study and learning strategies. The research study was an ex post facto, quantitative and exploratory study. The study sample consisted of a group of 126 auditing trainees from three of the Big Four auditing firms who were preparing to write the Public Practice Examination (“PPE”). These students were assessed by means of a test battery consisting of the Basic Traits Inventory, which assessed personality traits, the Ravens Advanced Progressive Matrix, which tested cognitive ability, the Psychological Capital Questionnaire in order to test positive psychology states, and the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory to test a number of study and learning techniques. The study also gathered biographical information pertaining to past academic results in terms of third year accounting marks and results from their Certificate in the Theory of Accounting. The study identified hope and auditing as strong predictors of success in the PPE SAICA Board examination. It went further to investigate the predictors of success in the qualifications leading up to the PPE. The study confirmed that third year accounting results is a strong predictor of success at the Certificate in the Theory of Accounting (CTA) level. A number of personality states and traits, study and learning strategies and indices of prior academic success, proved to be good predictors of success in the QE1 and PPE SAICA Board Examinations. It further identified prior academic progression as a successful predictor of success in the PPE. The overall conclusion of the study was that the success of the PPE cannot be considered in isolation, but rather based on the identified predictors of personality states and traits, study and learning strategies and academic progress throughout the academic career of an aspiring Chartered Accountant.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doelwit van die studie was die identifisering van voorspellers ten opsigte van sukses in die SAICA Raadseksamen. Verskillende persoonlikheidstipes en -eienskappe, kognitiewe vermoë, leer- en studiemetodes, sowel as akademiese vordering is as voorspellers van akademiese sukses van ouditkundekwekelinge, wat die SAICA Raadseksamens aflê, ten einde as Geoktrooieerde Rekenmeesters te kwalifiseer, tydens die studie in ag geneem. 'n Volledige literatuurstudie is onderneem waartydens daar gevind is dat akademiese sukses suksesvol deur die "Groot Vyf" persoonliksheidseienskappe, kognitiewe vermoë, elemente van sielkundige kapitaal, en meer spesifiek hoop, selfbekwaamheid, veerkragtigheid en optimisme, voorspel kon word. Die literatuurstudie het ook die suksesvolle voorspelling van akademiese sukses deur middel van voorafgaande akademiese prestasies, sowel as die implementering van studiemetodes bevestig. Die navorsingstudie was 'n ex post facto, kwantitatiewe en eksploratiewe studie. Die steekproef het uit 'n groep van 126 ouditkunde kwekelinge, vanuit drie van die "Groot Vier" ouditeursmaatskappye bestaan. Die studente was in die proses van voorbereiding vir die aflê van die Public Practice Examination (PPE). Hierdie studente is geëvalueer deur middel van 'n toetsbattery wat bestaan het uit 'n Basic Traits-persoonlikheidsvraelys, die Ravens Advanced Progressive Matrix, wat kognitiewe vermoëns assesseer, die Psychological Capital-vraelys, wat aangewend word om die positiewe sielkundige toestand te evalueer, asook die Learning and Study Strategies Inventory om 'n aantal studie- en leermetodes te evalueer. Die studie het ook biografiese inligting ingesamel, wat verband hou met akademiese prestasie met betrekking tot die derdejaarsprestasie in rekeningkunde, asook akademiese sukses behaal tydens die Sertifikaat in die Teorie van Rekeningkunde. Die studie het hoop en ouditkunde as sterk voorspellers van akademiese sukses in die PPE geïdentifiseer. Verder het die studie ook ondersoek ingestel na akademiese sukses tydens die voorafgaande kwalifikasies in die aanloop tot die PPE, as voorspeller. Die studie het 'n aantal persoonlikheidstipes en -eienskappe, sowel as studie- en leermetodes as sterk voorspellers van akademiese sukses in die SAICA raadseksamens bevestig. Verder het die studie voorafgaande akademiese vordering as 'n suksesvolle voorspeller van akademiese sukses in die PPE geïdentifiseer. Die algemene gevolgtrekking van die studie is dat sukses in die PPE-Raadseksamen nie in isolasie oorweeg kan word nie, maar eerder gebaseer moet word op die geïdentifiseerde voorspellers van persoonlikheidstipes en -eienskappe, leer- en studiemetodes en akademiese sukses gedurende die totale akademiese loopbaan van 'n aspirant Geoktrooieerde Rekenmeester.

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Gerdeman, Anthony Michael 1968. "Understanding the oral examination process in professional certification examinations." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282619.

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The subjective nature of oral examinations often lead to reliability estimates that are lower than other types of examinations (i.e., written examinations). The potentially biasing individual attributes of examiners (i.e., experience) are of particular concern since the oral examination process depends specifically upon the quality of their assessments. In addition, traditional reliability estimation procedures are not always possible for some oral exams due to the utilization of incomplete measurement designs (i.e., one examiner per candidate) resulting from the inherent high costs and complicated logistics associated with large scale oral examinations. Consequently, the current study attempts to evaluate the quality of one such exam by developing alternative indicators of exam quality using a pre-existing data set. A series of examiner agreement variables were calculated for low, moderate, and high ability candidates and subsequently correlated with each other. A series of exploratory multiple regressions were also used to evaluate the potential impact of several examiner characteristics (experience, gender, specialty, variance of scale use, and fail rate) confined in the data set. Finally, a generalizability (G) study was conducted on a subset of the examination that utilizes a complete measurement design (i.e., two examiners evaluating the same candidate, and all examiners examine all candidates) for lower ability candidates. The G study was then followed by a decision (D) study to determine both the current level of dependability with two examiners, and how much the dependability of the process would improve by adding mure examiners. The results of the current study suggest that evaluating lower ability candidates is different and more difficult than evaluating higher ability candidates. Furthermore, systematic sources of error related to examiners appears to be less or a concern than previously anticipated. Finally, the results of the G-D studies suggest that the current dependability of evaluating lower ability candidates with two examiners could be greatly improved by adding additional examiners to the process.

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Henderson, Lorenza Emily Preston. "Cross-examination : a critical examination." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251482.

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Vigander, Ida. "Studenters upplevelser före och under examination." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-13666.

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Syftet med studien är att belysa studenters copingprocesser, d.v.s. appraisal och copingstrategier, inför examinationsformerna salstentamen och hemtentamen. En intervjustudie genomfördes med åtta kvinnliga studenter inom samma program på en högskola i Sverige. Data analyserades med induktiv tematisk analys. Resultatet visade att examinationer oavsett form skapar stress, även om studenterna inte upplever en hemtentamen som lika hotfull eller utmanande som en salstentamen. Den tid som studenterna har till förfogande under de olika tentamina och hur de utvärderar examinationsformerna visade sig ha stor betydelse för de copingstrategier som används både inför och under hem- och salstentamen. En av de större skillnaderna visade sig vara hur studenterna studerar inför de olika tentamina.
The purpose of this study is to highlight students' copingprocesses, i.e., appraisal and coping strategies, for written exam and take-home exam. Interviews were conducted with eight female students within the same program at a university in Sweden. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. The results showed that examinations regardless of form create stress, even if the students do not experience a take-home exam as equally threatening or challenging as a written exam. The time that students have available during the different exams and the primary appraisal of the examination proved to be very important for the coping strategies used both before and during the exam. One of the major differences proved to be how students study for the different exams.

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Fu, Tak-wah. "A study on the predictive power of HKCE examination results regarding the performance in HKAL examination for science students." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3197580X.

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Gentry, Retha D., Lisa Ousley, and Candice N. Short. "Skin Examination." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7148.

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Säll, Gabriel. "Public Examination." Thesis, Kungl. Konsthögskolan, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kkh:diva-221.

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The public examination of Gabriel Säll became his graduation project. Since the examination couldn´t be an artwork the examinators proposed Gabriel to make a second examination to discuss the first one. A new work was created. This MFA thesis include the transcription of Gabriels first examination, written by Frederick Oscarsson, administrator at the Royal Institute of Art, as well as a list feauturing all the contributors to Pubic Examination. To hear a story from one of the contributors in Public Examination, just call the switchboard number during our opening hours, Monday - Friday from 09:30 - 16:00.

Pubic Examination #2 2016-11-16 16:30Board Room, Royal Institute of Art, Stockholm

Public Examination (private) #3 2017-05-24 10:00Office Petra Bauer, Lisa Tan, Nina Möntmann, Royal Institute of Art, Flaggmansvägen 1, Stockholm

Public Examination

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Fu, Tak-wah, and 傅德華. "A study on the predictive power of HKCE examination results regarding the performance in HKAL examination for science students." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3197580X.

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Ching, Ching-yu. "Calibration of examination marks /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1364533X.

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Sternberger, Carol S. "An exploration of the health belief model, motivation and exercise related to breast self-examination." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/546140.

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The focus of the research study was breast selfexamination. A randomized sample of 400 women living in Fort Wayne, Indiana and employed by a large corporation were surveyed to determine the relationship between frequency of breast self-examination and Health Belief Model variables. Susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, barriers and health motivation were measured by scales developed by Champion (1984). The instrument had been tested for reliability and validity.The variable of exercise was examined to determine if a relationship existed between exercise and frequency of breast self-examination. Individual items measured the frequency of breast self-examination and the methods of instruction.Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the variables of barriers and seriousness accounted for 27% of the variance for prediction of breast selfexamination. An insignificant Chi Square was obtained for the relationship between exercise and breast selfexamination. No demographic variables evidenced significance with breast self-examination.The findings of the study evidenced a relationship between the Health Belief Model and breast self-examination, thus supporting the theoretical framework of the study.
School of Nursing

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Weare, Rupert. "Automated examination timetabling." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282578.

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Hamby, James Edward. "Forensic firearms examination." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2001. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27327.

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The history of forensic firearms examination was evaluated to determine how the field has developed during the past 200 years; especially within the past 100 years. As aresult of this evaluation, some related issues were identified for study. The economic and general uses of firearms reference collections were considered as the collections represent potential security considerations within forensic laboratories. A survey was conducted to determine how firearms examiners used their collections, as well as their receptivity to augmenting the collections with modem technology such as photographs and CD-ROM's. A world-wide survey resulted in responses from 110 forensic laboratories. Examiners stated that the collections were used for training, repairing damaged evidence firearms, and demonstration purposes, and whilst they were prepared to accept modem techriology to augment their collection, stated that such augmentation could not replace the actual collection. Research was conducted to partially answer some legal issues, such as Daubert, et al., by test firing bullets from consecutively rifled barrels to obtain best known 'match' and 'non-match' bullets. To date, some 201 examiners from several countries have evaluated the bullet test sets with no errors. Further research was conducted by test firing four cartridges from 617 similar 9mm Glock pistols and microscopically evaluating the fired cartridge casings to determine if they were identifiable to themselves and not the other casings. All of the casings were identifiable to themselves and not to the other 616 casings. Advances in technology have allowed the development of automated ballistics imaging systems. Research, using the previously cited test bullets and cartridge casings, was conducted to evaluate the capability of the various systems, in conjunction with the abilities offirearms examiners. Three different automated systems were used to evaluate the bullets from the l0-barrel test results. One automated system was used to evaluate the 617 cartridge casings, again with excellent results.

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MacMillan, Peter D. "Producing equivalent examination forms : an assessment of the British Columbia Ministry of Education examination construction procedure." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31009.

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Questions have been raised concerning the equivalency of the January, June, and August forms of the British Columbia provincial Grade 12 examinations for a given subject. The procedure for constructing these examinations has been changed as of the 1990/91 school year. The purpose of this study was to duplicate this new procedure and assess the equivalency of the forms that resulted. An examination construction team, all of whom had previous experience with the British Columbia Ministry of Education's Student Assessment Branch, simultaneously constructed two forms of a Biology 12 examination from a common table of specifications using a pool of multiple choice items from previous examinations. A sample of students was obtained in the Okanagan, Thompson, and North Thompson areas of British Columbia. Both forms were administered to each student, as required by the test equating design (Design II (Angoff, 1971)) chosen. The data sample consisted of responses from 286 students. The data were analyzed using a classical item analysis (LERTAP, Nelson, 1974) followed by a 2x2 order-by-form fixed effects ANOVA with repeated measures on the second factor. Item analysis revealed all items on both forms performed satisfactorily, ruling out an alternate hypothesis of flawed items being the cause of the lack of equivalence found. Results showed a significant (p<.05) difference in the means of the two forms, no significant (p>.25) order effect, and a significant (p<.25) order-by-form interaction. Linear and equipercentile equatings were carried out. The linear and equipercentile equatings yielded very similar results. Equating errors, judged using the conditional root mean square error of equating, was 4.86 points (9.35%) for both the equatings. Equivalency was also judged employing a graphical procedure in which the deviation of the equating function from the identity function was plotted with error bands produced using the standard error of equating. The procedure showed the two forms to be nonequivalent, particularly for the lower scoring students. The source of the nonequivalency was investigated by separating the forms into three subtests based on the pairs of items possessing or lacking item statistics at the time of test construction. The linear equating followed by the graphical analysis was repeated for the pairs of subtests. The pairs of subtests comprised of item pairs for which difficulty (p) values were present at time of construction for one or both of the items in an item pair were found to be equivalent. In contrast, the pair of subtests comprised of items for which p values were unavailable for either item in an item pair at time of construction were found to be not equivalent. It was concluded that the examination construction procedure in its present state cannot be relied on to produce equivalent forms. An experienced examination construction team was unable to accurately match items based on the level of difficulty for items which did not have prior item statistics. As such, a necessary requirement for construction of equivalent forms is that item statistics be present at the time of construction.
Education, Faculty of
Graduate

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程貞如 and Ching-yu Ching. "Calibration of examination marks." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31211318.

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Varsou, Ourania. "Neuroimaging of patients with acute focal neurological symptoms : investigating new functional and structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging measures." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=225771.

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Ng, Hon-yi, and 吳漢怡. "Evaluation of the new red cell parameters on Beckman Coulter DxH800 automated haematology analyzer." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/202311.

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Objectives: The new red blood cell (RBC) parameters from automated haematology analyzers, such as reticulocyte haemoglobin content and percentage of hypochromic red cells or equivalent, are useful in the laboratory assessment of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). However, the clinical utility of these parameters are confounded by thalassaemia trait (TT) especially in geographical areas of high thalassaemia prevalence. We aimed to evaluate the new formula derived from some red cell parameters on the Beckman Coulter DxH800 in distinguishing between IDA and TT in Hong Kong population. Methods: A total of 246 normal subjects, 102 patients with IDA and 115 subjects with TT were accrued for the study. Concurrent chronic disorder and ovelapped IDA and TT cases were excluded. The new red cell parameters studied were red blood cell size factor (RSF), low haemoglobin density (LHD%), microcytic anaemia factor (MAF), standard deviation of conductivity of the non-reticulocyte population (SD-C-NRET) and unghosted cell (UGC). Comparison between groups was performed by student t-test and the diagnostic performance of the parameters was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Both LHD% and RSF were significantly higher in IDA than TT, whereas MAF was significantly lower. Although the biological basis was uncertain, SD-C-NRET was significantly lower in IDA than TT and showed the best diagnostic performance as a single parameter. A formula ((RBC+HB)*(HCT+SD-C-NRET))/(RDW-SD ) was devised to distinguish between IDA and TT. With a cutoff value of 23, the area under curve (AUC) was 0.995 (95% CI of 0.99 – 1.00), the sensitivity was 97% and the specificity was 99.1%. This formula was superior to other discriminant functions in the literature. The UGC number was not significantly different between alpha- and beta-TT. Conclusions: The new RBC parameters on Beckman Coulter DxH800 provided useful information in distinguishing between IDA and TT, which is important for clinical decision making and streamlining further laboratory testing. This index can be used to screen patients who are likely to be IDA or TT for further hematological studies to confirm diagnosis.
published_or_final_version
Pathology
Master
Master of Medical Sciences

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Vargas, de Robles Perla Amalia 1955. "Evaluation of an instructional program for breast self-examination (BSE)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277101.

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Two hundred and three patients participated in a study designed to evaluate a structured learning package for teaching competent breast self-examination (BSE) at a Screening Center. The package consisted of modeling, practice without feedback on a breast model, and limited practice and feedback on the patients' own breasts. Performance proficiency was evaluated by an observer as the number of BSE's steps correctly practiced during pre and post-training evaluations. A questionnaire to gather information about patients history, knowledge, and attitudes toward BSE and breast cancer was also used. Results show that more than 80% of the patients who could improve did so in most steps of both components, visual inspection and palpation. In addition, only 31% of the patients performed a perfect and complete BSE immediately after the teaching session. The two steps patients failed the most were checking the axillary-tail and covering the complete breast. A corrective procedure to improve the teaching package is discussed.

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Edqvist, Adam. "Ytterligare examinationer; Piska eller morot? : En tematisk litteraturstudie om kontinuerlig examination genom webbquizzar." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Analys och didaktik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-173237.

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Den här litteraturstudien undersöker följderna av kontinuerlig examination med fokus på digitala tester. Det som undersöks är vad införandet av ytterligare examinationsmoment har för positiva- och negativa konsekvenser. Vad finns det för argument för att inkludera eller exkludera webbquizzar i undervisningen? Den forskningslitteratur som studien behandlar påvisar bland annat att införandet av kontinuerlig examination höjer studieresultaten, gör så att studenter känner sig mer involverade i undervisningen och leder till mindre fusk. Webbquizzar visar sig ha sina fördelar i automatiserad rättning vilket leder till mindre arbetsbelastning för läraren och en direkt återkoppling för eleverna. Negativa följder av kontinuerlig examination kan vara att det driver på en stress för studenterna och det kan även bidra till en polarisering, där starkare elever gynnas men svagare elever missgynnas. Rörande webbquizzar har studenter även en oro för tekniska fel som kan uppstå då examinering sker digitalt över nätet.
This literature study examines the consequences of continuous examination with focus on digital testing. What is being studied is the introduction of additional examinations and their possible consequences. What are the arguments for including or excluding webquizzes in the education? The literature the study deals with shows among other things, that the introduction of continuous examination increases study results, makes students feel more involved in the teaching and decreases the amount of cheating. Webquizzes prove to have their advantages in automated correction, which leads to less workload for teachers and direct feedback for students. Negative consequences from continuous examination are that it may add stress to students, and it also might contribute to a polarization where the stronger students benefit from it while weaker students are disadvantaged. Regarding webquizzes, it was shown that they also raise students' concerns about technical errors that can occur when examinations are done digitally.

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Ousley, Lisa, and Retha D. Gentry. "Evidence-Based Physical Examination." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7142.

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This chapter helps the reader to review the anatomy and describe the life-span variances of the skin, hair, and nails and to develop a systematic approach to performing a comprehensive history and physical examination of the integumentary system. It discusses the key history and physical exam findings of common skin disorders. Understanding the structure and the function of the skin complements evidence-based physical assessment of the integumentary system. A competent clinician must have fundamental knowledge of the functions, topography, and major components of the skin. Taking a comprehensive history is one of the most important tools in determining an accurate diagnosis. The patient’s current health status, past medical history, family history, and personal and psychosocial history as well as the patient’s home, occupational, and travel history may all affect the condition of his or her skin, hair, and nails. The clinician must also consider the patient’s age, gender, race, culture, and environment.

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McCarthy, Mark R. "A Biblical and theological understanding of self-examination." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.

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Bruhn, Eva. "Muntlig examination som bedömningsverktyg." Thesis, Stockholm University, The Stockholm Institute of Education, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7808.

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Sammanfattning Denna studie redovisar resultatet av en kvalitativ intervjuundersökning angående muntlig examination inom vuxenutbildningen. Syftet med studien var att undersöka användandet av muntlig examination vid slutprov av kurser inom den gymnasiala och grundläggande vuxenutbildningens Omvårdnadsprogram och Barn- och fritidsprogram. Intervjuerna genomfördes vid tre skolor där sammanlagt nio personer intervjuades. En skolledare och två lärare intervjuades vid respektive skola. Intervjumaterialet bearbetades genom två kategoriseringar. Resultatet av studien visade att lärarna inom Omvårdnadsprogrammet sällan använde muntlig examination vid slutprov av kurs. Lärarna inom Barn- och fritidsprogrammet använde muntlig examination kontinuerligt under kursernas gång men sällan som slutprov av kurs. Muntlig examination användes av samtliga lärare som komplettering till skriftlig examination samt om studerande har svårt att uttrycka sig skriftligt, om studerande har språkproblem av dyslektisk natur eller om studerande finner examinationssituationen obehaglig vid skriftliga examinationer. Lärarna angav att för att få en så komplett bild av studerandes kunskaper som möjligt behöver de genomföra en kombination av olika typer av examinationer under samtliga kurser.

Abstract This report reveals the result of a qualitative study about oral examination in adult education. The purpose of the report was to investigate the use of oral examinations as the end-of-course exam at schools for adult educations in healthcare and Pre-school teaching. The interviews took place at three schools for adult education where one principal and two teachers at each school were interviewed. The result of the study revealed that teachers working at the health care educations seldom used oral examination as end-of-course exams. The teachers working at the Pre-school educations used oral examinations continuously during all courses but seldom as end-of-course exams. All teachers interviewed used oral examinations as a complement to written examinations. Oral examinations were also carried out to students having difficulties performing written examinations for different reasons and to students with dyslectic linguistic difficulties. All teachers pointed out the need of different types of examinations during each course in the programmes, in order to get the most complete picture of the students’ knowledge in all subjects.

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Aydin, Sevgi. "Examination Of Chemistry Teachers." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614327/index.pdf.

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The purpose of this study was to examine topic-specific nature of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). Two experienced chemistry teachers&rsquo
PCK was examined in electrochemistry and radioactivity. To capture participants&rsquo
PCK, all PCK components were studied. To get deep and rich answers to research questions asked, qualitative methodology was used. Participants were selected through purposeful sampling. Data were gathered through card-sorting activity, Content Representation (CoRe), semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and field notes. Results revealed that participants had two types of PCK, namely, PCK A for teaching electrochemistry and PCK B for teaching radioactivity. PCK A included content-based and teacher-centered instruction, many links to other topics in chemistry and in physics. The assessment was coherent which included different types of assessment strategies used at the beginning, during, and at the end of teaching. In PCK B, it was less teacher-centered. The link to other topics was limited. Additionally, teachers used fragmented assessment and were less knowledgeable about learners&rsquo
difficulties and misconceptions in radioactivity than they were in electrochemistry. Differences between PCK A and B may be related to nature of the topics. Learners need to have much pre-requisite knowledge both from chemistry and physics to learn electrochemistry. Also, there are more concepts in electrochemistry than there are in radioactivity. It seems that when teachers have to focus on more concepts to teach, they may have a tendency to teach more-teacher centered to save time. Teacher education programs should focus on topic-specific nature of PCK and provide topic-specific training to teachers.

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Siwe, Karin. "Learning the Pelvic Examination." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2007. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2007/med1031s.pdf.

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Visser, John. "An examination of differentiation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1998. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/538/.

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The term differentiation has been widely used within education. This study makes use of the author's professional experience and a literature review to present a model of differentiation in practice; it seeks to suggest ways in which teachers' skills can be enhanced. The study aims to give an understanding of how teachers differentiate; what that say they do; and what can be described as good practice. Together with the wide ranging review of the literature, it draws upon field research, interviews, questionnaires, an analysis of OfSTED inspection reports and the author's experiences of running staff development courses on differentiation. It also includes work published by the author. The study is an original presentation of a comprehensive review about differentiation from the perspectives of the literature and serving teachers and contributes to the debate upon the methodological approaches to the study of the development of teaching skills. Conclusions are offered based upon an analysis and a discussion of these sources.

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26

Sveno, Nina. "Datoriserad examination i matematik." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-31654.

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För att ta reda på i vilket utsträckning digitala prov kan användas i ämnet matematik på gymnasiet har en studie gjorts, där fokus legat på ämnesplanens olika förmågor, vilka utmaningar som är förknippade med denna examinationsform samt hur det kan påverka elevernas motivation. Studien har en kvalitativ inriktning och består av en inledande dokumentanalys, implementation och genomförande av prov på dator, samt utvärdering av resultat. Genomförandet gjordes med en grupp elever på det naturvetenskapliga programmet, vilka fick lösa uppgifter digitaliserade från ett nationellt prov, och sedan fylla i en enkät som utvärdering. Tolkningen av resultaten var att examination av förmågorna begrepp, procedur och problemlösning var digitaliserbar i hög utsträckning, medan modellering och kommunikation var de mest problematiska. Vidare kunde några utmaningar fastställas och bland dessa var dels behovet av att minska tidsåtgången och dels att hitta ett lämpligt program som hanterar matematiska uttryck utan att vara för komplicerat, men även symbolhantering och grafritning generellt. I studien finns belägg för att digitaliserade prov i matematik kan ha positiva effekter på elevernas motivation.

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27

Phungula, Phumla. "An investigation of knowledge and practice of breast self examination among female high school learners: an intervention study." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1096.

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Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (Clinical Psychology) in the Department of Psychology University of Zululand, South Africa, 2011.
The main purpose of the study was to investigate whether female high school learners are knowledgeable of and practise breast self examination. The pre-measurement and postmeasurement single group design was used to ascribe differences between the pre- and postmeasurements to the experimental intervention. The sample was focused on two groups: multiracial (n = 56) and rural high school (n = 71) learners. These two groups were interviewed using a structured questionnaire (Pillay, 2002) assessing their knowledge and practice regarding breast self examination. The age range of the participants was between 14 and 21 years with a mean age of 16.65 years. Results showed that more than half (62.9%) of the total sample were aware of breast self examination. Older learners in higher grades were more knowledgeable about breast self examination than those who were younger and doing lower grades. Of those learners who were aware of breast self examination, 57.5% practiced BSE. Breast cancer awareness programme that was provided during the study had a great impact on the responses of the learners. Knowledge of BSE had a significant improvement. Public health education is a factor that impacts on young women’s knowledge and understanding of breast cancer. Based on these young women’s responses, it has been concluded that current public health education is either not communicating its message or failing to reach enough women. Based on this assumption and the knowledge that most breast awareness campaigns are aimed at older women, it is recommended that an important improvement may be to target women at younger ages to educate them about what is normal or not, and what they should know and be aware of regarding their bodies.

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28

Tangen, Håkon André. "Undervisningens mål, provens verklighet : Gymnasielärares intention med privat-/och samhällsekonomi i förhållande till deras examinationsmoment i samhällskunskap 1b." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78619.

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Detta arbete tar avstamp i hur legitimerade samhällskunskapslärares utsagor om sin intention med privatekonomi-/och samhällsekonomiämnet i samhällskunskap 1b. Samt en analys av lärarnas examinationen i kursen, med Blooms reviderade taxonomi som analysverktyg. Detta för att se vilket samband där kan finnas rörande lärares inställning till den önskade kunskapen de önskar eleverna skall ta med sig från undervisningen och vilka kunskapsdimensioner och kognitiva processer som berörs vid examinationen. Syftet är att undersöka gymnasielärares utsagor kring sina intentioner med privat-och samhällsekonomiundervisningen i samhällskunskap 1b, samt att jämföra detta med innehållet i tillhörande examinerande moment. Undersökningen framvisar att privatekonomi, som lärarna inte anser vara lika tungt förankrat i kunskapskraven, har en högre mängd faktakunskaper i form av minnas och förstå. Medan samhällsekonomi som, enligt lärarna, är tyngre förankrad i kunskapskraven, har en bredare variation av kognitiva processer, minnas, förstå, analysera och värdera i flera kunskapsdimensioner; faktakunskap och begreppskunskap preliminärt.
This study focuses on interviews with high school teachers regarding their intention in social studies 1b, economics. As well as an analysis of the teachers exams with the help of Bloom's revised taxonomy. The analysis of this study combined with interviews wishes to investigate any connections between the teachers interview statement in regards to their exams in economics. What knowledge to the teachers desire their students to master and what cognitive domains and knowledge domains do the teachers exams require of their students. The purpose of this study is to investigate high schools teachers, in social civics, regards theirs intentions with their economics studies in social studies class. And to compare their statements with their exams, in regard to Bloom’s revised taxonomy. The results of this study is that the subject “private economics”, which the teachers do not see as important in regards to higher grades, are more in favor of the cognitive domain with a great focus on remembering and understanding. Meanwhile the subject “society economics”, which are regarded by the teachers more favorable in regards to the curriculum to accumulate higher grades, have a higher variation between cognitive processes as remembering, understanding, analyze and evaluate. In addition to a higher variation in cognitive processes they also vary in multiple knowledge dimensions as cognitive domain and affective domain more frequently.

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29

Johansson, Helena. "Dyslexia:Assessment and Examination of Dyslexic Students, Dyslexi: Bedömning och Examination av dyslektiska elever." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-29805.

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The purpose of this degree project is to address the issue of dyslexia in the language classroom. It explores how teachers understand, address and work with dyslexia in relation to assessment and examination. The research has been based on qualitative interviews conducted with three working teachers: two English teachers and one Swedish teacher who is specialized in special aid teaching. Along with a theoretical background regarding useful research, relevant terms and definitions used in the discussion concerning dyslexia, the research establishes that interviewed teachers understand what working with dyslexic learners entails. However, there is lack of insight into Skolverket (The National Agency for Education) and the actual recommended procedures when assessing and examining dyslexic learners. This research highlights the importance of giving educators the tools and strategies needed to support dyslexic students in the examination situation and how to fairly assess these students.Keywords: Dyslexia, assessment, examination, reading and writing difficulties.

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30

Chan, Ching-hai Charles. "Examination performance, self-efficacy and attributional retraining : a cognitive psychoimmunological perspective /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21388568.

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31

Karlsson, Greta. "Stress inför examination : En kvantitativ studie bland högskolestudenter." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-43533.

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Stress är ett vanligt förekommande problem som drabbar många individer. Bland studenter upplever ungefär en tredjedel stress. Stress kan uppstå i olika situationer och för studenter kan en sådan situation vara förberedelse inför examination. Syftet med studien är att undersöka stress i relation till examinationsformer samt att undersöka om det finns något samband mellan ålder och stress bland högskolestudenter. I denna kvantitativa studie har en tvärsnittsdesign tillämpats och data har samlats in med hjälp av enkäter. Populationen var studenter vid Mälardalens högskola och urvalet bestod av 101 respondenter. Resultatet visar att majoriteten av studenter upplever stress inför skriftlig examination och ungefär hälften av studenterna upplever stress inför muntlig examination. Resultatet påvisar även att hälften av studenterna upplever stress lång tid innan skriftlig examination och att ungefär en av sju studenter upplever stress lång tid innan muntlig examination. Det finns dessutom ett svagt samband mellan ålder och stress.
Stress is a common issue that affects many individuals. Among students, approximately one third experience stress. Stress can arise from different situations, and for students, one of those situations can be preparation for an examination. The aim of this study is to examine stress in relation to examination and to examine the correlation between age and stress among university students. In this quantitative study, a cross-sectional study design was applied and data was obtained using surveys. The study population existed of students at Mälardalen University and the sample existed of 101 respondents. The results reviled that the majority of students experience stress before a written examination, while approximately half of students experience stress before an oral examination. Furthermore, results reviled that half of the students experience stress long before a written examination, while one of seven students experience stress long before an oral examination. Also, there is a weak correlation between age and stress.

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32

Xu, Zhiheng. "Tracking retinal motion with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20171.

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33

Дегтяренко, Олександр Григорович, Александр Григорьевич Дегтяренко, and Oleksandr Hryhorovych Dehtiarenko. "Експертиза як один із механізмів оцінки ефективності проектів." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26734.

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У тезах наведено один із механізмів оцінки ефективності інноваційного проекту на основі проведення його комплексної експертизи. Подано критеріальну базу відбору інвестиційного проекту та основні складові комплексної експертизи. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26734

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34

Driveklepp, Anders. "Ultrasound Examination of Steel Pipes." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9575.

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Non-intrusive testing of pipelines has become a growing industry, and is expected to keep growing as the demands on quality control and safety keep increasing. In order to meet the oil industrys demands for pipe monitoring of sub sea pipelines, the SmartPipe project was initiated by SINTEF in Trondheim, Norway. One of the primary objectives of the SmartPipe project is develop a system for in-service monitoring of the pipelines that are placed on the seabed by the offshore oil industry. This thesis presents a very early step in the research required for the development of such a system. The purpose of the presented work was to carry out introductory experimental work in order to find out whether it is possible to develop relatively simple techniques for in-service testing of sub sea steel pipes. A so-called pitch-catch setup and various wedges was used in order to test the area between a pair of 5 MHz ultrasound transducers. Measuring over a distance of 1.00 m, rather than just single points on the pipe, could provide more general information about the condition of the pipe. Tests with over 4 m distance between transducers were also carried out. Measurement stability and mechanical coupling are of crucial importance in ultrasonic test systems, and useful knowledge on the subjects has been gained and are documented in this thesis. Results from measurements indicate that comprehensible results can be attained even with very simple measurement setups. Especially when using special wedges for introduction of Rayleigh waves, the received signals had high amplitudes and the signal envelope had a simple shape. The effect that the damage to the pipe had on the Rayleigh waves, was found to be equally simple and predictable. Shear waves and longitudinal waves that are less sensitive to the surrounding medium, were also shown to be applicable in flaw detection. Results and discussion include both time domain, frequency domain and energy considerations.

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35

Koc, Yasemin. "A Critical Examination Of Two." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609789/index.pdf.

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This study examines two &lsquo
socialist&rsquo
utopias of the late 19th century: W. Morris&rsquo
s News from Nowhere and E. Bellamy&rsquo
s Looking Backward. The major concern is to question the validity of title &lsquo
socialist&rsquo
for these two texts. The reference points for such an analysis are: modernity, Marxism of the late 19th century and the practice of discipline. In this context, the intention is to find out ruptures and continuities with respect to the central ideas of socialism and basic premises of modernity. The study explorates that there are serious points of rupture in these two texts with respect to the major premises of modernity, because in Morris&rsquo
s utopia there is a romantic search for restoring communism of the 14th century, in Bellamy&rsquo
s text there are typical reactionary modernist suggestions concerning the nature of typical socialist societies. In that sense, due to the disassociation between socialism and modernity in these two texts, it is very problematic to classify these utopias as socialist. The study also questions whether the sources of such disassociation are embedded in Marxism itself. In response to such question, the study argues that this is the case to a great extent.

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36

Lai, Cheng Yee Accounting Australian School of Business UNSW. "An examination of accounting distortions." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Accounting, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44586.

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One of the main objectives of financial reporting is to provide information about enterprise resources, claims to those resources, and changes in those resources (Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No.1). However, this role of financial reports in fully reflecting firms' underlying fundamentals can be distorted by intentional or unintentional errors. This thesis aims to extensively study such accounting distortions via three separate yet interconnected research papers that (i) model such distortions in a general setting and provide theoretical validity to the way in which the literature has measured such distortions; (ii) understand the impact of such distortions on accounting information; and (iii) estimate and validate an empirical way to measure one aspect of such distortions, conditional conservatism, on a firm-year level within the context of Australia financial reporting.

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Yang, Xiangxiu. "Examination scheduling by constraint programming." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65594.pdf.

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38

Mash, S. David. "An examination of Baha'i Christology." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1985. http://www.tren.com.

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39

Thompson, J. M. "Examination scheduling using simulated annealing." Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639229.

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Recent increases, both in student numbers and choice of subjects, have made the problem of producing university examination timetables increasingly difficult. Additionally, there is pressure to give students free periods between exams to aid their revision. Many other constraints may also be imposed on the timetable. The aim of this research is to investigate the usefulness of simulated annealing, as a basis of an efficient solution method, for this problem. The examination timetabling problem is shown to be equivalent to the graph colouring problem, with side constraints. This model allows several of the constraints to be included directly, thereby simplifying the problem. The colouring problem is solved in two phases, with the first obtaining a feasible colouring and the second optimising further objectives while maintaining feasibility. Simulated annealing is used to solve each phase and computational experience demonstrates that this results in high quality solutions. In phase two, only feasible solutions, that is those which satisfy the binding constraints, are considered. This may result in the solution space being disconnected or sparsely connected, possibly reducing solution quality. To overcome this problem, three means of reconnecting the solution space have been developed. The first widens the neighbourhood to include more diverse solutions. The second attempts to search disjoint components of the solution space individually, using a diversification function to guide the search. The final method reintroduces solutions that break the binding constraints to the solution space while penalising them in the cost function. Extending the neighbourhood using a graph theoretic entity called a Kempe chain significantly increases solution quality. Several explanations have been investigated. This research shows that a combination of a phased approach and Kempe chains forms the basis of an effective and flexible simulated annealing based examination timetabling system, which has been implemented successfully at a U.K. university.

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40

Abdul, Rahman Syariza. "Search methodologies for examination timetabling." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12709/.

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Working with examination timetabling is an extremely challenging task due to the difficulty of finding good quality solutions. Most of the studies in this area rely on improvement techniques to enhance the solution quality after generating an initial solution. Nevertheless, the initial solution generation itself can provide good solution quality even though the ordering strategies often using graph colouring heuristics, are typically quite simple. Indeed, there are examples where some of the produced solutions are better than the ones produced in the literature with an improvement phase. This research concentrates on constructive approaches which are based on squeaky wheel optimisation i.e. the focus is upon finding difficult examinations in their assignment and changing their position in a heuristic ordering. In the first phase, the work is focused on the squeaky wheel optimisation approach where the ordering is permutated in a block of examinations in order to find the best ordering. Heuristics are alternated during the search as each heuristic produces a different value of a heuristic modifier. This strategy could improve the solution quality when a stochastic process is incorporated. Motivated by this first phase, a squeaky wheel optimisation concept is then combined with graph colouring heuristics in a linear form with weights aggregation. The aim is to generalise the constructive approach using information from given heuristics for finding difficult examinations and it works well across tested problems. Each parameter is invoked with a normalisation strategy in order to generalise the specific problem data. In the next phase, the information obtained from the process of building an infeasible timetable is used. The examinations that caused infeasibility are given attention because, logically, they are hard to place in the timetable and so they are treated first. In the adaptive decomposition strategy, the aim is to automatically divide examinations into difficult and easy sets so as to give attention to difficult examinations. Within the easy set, a subset called the boundary set is used to accommodate shuffling strategies to change the given ordering of examinations. Consequently, the graph colouring heuristics are employed on those constructive approaches and it is shown that dynamic ordering is an effective way to permute the ordering. The next research chapter concentrates on the improvement approach where variable neighbourhood search with great deluge algorithm is investigated using various neighbourhood orderings and initialisation strategies. The approach incorporated with a repair mechanism in order to amend some of infeasible assignment and at the same time aiming to improve the solution quality.

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41

Harper, Richard Robert. "An ethnographic examination of accountancy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303922.

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42

Harrison, Mary Ann Mackay. "Advance directives : a critical examination." Thesis, Keele University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388350.

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43

Eftekhari, Sashah. "Augmented reality and scene examination." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1773/.

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The research presented in this thesis explores the impact of Augmented Reality on human performance, and compares this technology with Virtual Reality using a head-mounted video-feed for a variety of tasks that relate to scene examination. The motivation for the work was the question of whether Augmented Reality could provide a vehicle for training in crime scene investigation. The Augmented Reality application was developed using fiducial markers in the Windows Presentation Foundation, running on a wearable computer platform; Virtual Reality was developed using the Crytek game engine to present a photo-realistic 3D environment; and a video-feed was provided through head-mounted webcam. All media were presented through head-mounted displays of similar resolution to provide the sole source of visual information to participants in the experiments. The experiments were designed to increase the amount of mobility required to conduct the search task, i.e., from rotation in the horizontal or vertical plane through to movement around a room. In each experiment, participants were required to find objects and subsequently recall their location. It is concluded that human performance is affected not merely via the medium through which the world is perceived but moreover, the constraints governing how movement in the world is controlled.

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44

Brown, Carol Geralyn. "An examination of teacher efficacy." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1608.

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Efficacy beliefs can determine how environmental opportunities and obstacles are perceived and affect choice of activities. They can determine the amount of effort which is given to an activity and how long people will persevere when faced with difficulties and failures (Bandura, 1997). Perceived self-efficacy is reported to be an important stress resource factor in mitigating teacher burnout (Schwarzer & Hallum, 2008). This paper includes a systematic review which reviews eleven published studies that look at the relationship between self-efficacy and burnout in teachers. A number of findings were made including all studies having a negative relationship between teacher self-efficacy and burnout and all studies having a negative relationship between teacher self-efficacy and the burnout dimension depersonalisation. This paper also includes a bridging document of how the findings from the systematic review led to the empirical piece of research. As part of this explanatory link between the two the theoretical underpinnings of the research and the research paradigm are considered. The aim of the empirical piece was to explore the influence of a teacher’s role on collective efficacy beliefs and teachers’ perception of possible collective efficacy sources. Participants were 178 teachers from primary, secondary and special schools in a small local authority in the North East of England. The research had two phases, quantitative and qualitative. Analysis of teacher collective efficacy beliefs found that those teachers who had an extra role of responsibility within school or were a member of senior management reported higher collective efficacy scores than those teachers who did not have such roles. Thematic analysis found four themes: communication, learning, supporting roles and stress management. This study adds to the under researched area of how teacher collective efficacy beliefs are formed and how they could be enhanced.

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45

Earle, Donald Maurice. "Art examination in secondary schools." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1986. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019626/.

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46

Phillips, Ryan Edward. "Examination of Magnetic Plasma Expulsion." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157608/.

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Magnetic plasma expulsion uses a magnetic field distortion to redirect incident charged particles around a certain area for the purposes of shielding. Computational studies are carried out and for certain values of magnetic field, magnetic plasma expulsion is found to effectively shield a sizable area. There are however many plasma behaviors and interactions that must be considered. Applications to a new cryogenic antimatter trap design are discussed.

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47

KADLECK, COLLEEN. "POLICE UNIONS: AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin997187643.

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48

Grunden, Eric Hans. "Examination of Rapid Prototype Tooling." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1460495153.

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49

Cockayne, Ben Alexander. "Humean reductionism : a critical examination." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702170.

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This dissertation is an examination of Humean reductionism (HR) with special reference to laws of nature. The first four chapters are mainly concerned with examining the general assumptions behind HR: that the world is fully characterized by the particular facts, and that laws and other modal features supervene on the particular facts. I argue that the Humean notion of particular fact is not as problematic as some critics have alleged, but that the supervenience claim is counterintuitive in a number of ways. The following three chapters are concerned with the question whether HR can be supported by an analysis of laws which explains how they supervene. David Lewis's leading best system analysis (BSA) is evaluated, with special attention given to two issues. An influential argument for the BSA is that its definition of laws explains our pursuit of the virtues of truth, simplicity, and strength in scientific theorizing. I argue that this argument is unconvincing for various reasons: among them that scientific theories are not candidate systems; and that the notions of strength and simplicity employed in assessing theories are different from the notions required by the BSA. A crucial question is whether the BSA must build our standards of simplicity, strength, and balance into its definition of laws in order to determine a unique best system. I argue that it must, and that in consequence the BSA makes lawhood mind-dependent. I further argue that this consequence undermines the BSA's claim to provide an explanation of how the laws supervene. My conclusion is that these are serious problems for HR: its claim that the laws supervene is dubious both because it is counterintuitive and because it is unsupported by an adequate analysis of lawhood.

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50

Munshi, Salma. "An examination of Aristotelian modality." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001978.

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From introduction: A popular misconception regarding Aristotle's views on modality is that Aristotle adhered to the doctrine of no unrealized possibilities. According to this doctrine, all possibilities are realized in time; in other words, if it is possible that something could happen, then at some time it is the case that that happens. For example, if it is possible for Socrates to escape from prison, then there will be a time at which Socrates will actually escape from prison. On this view, the possible and the actual co-incide; whereas there is abundant evidence that Aristotle was careful to maintain a distinction between the possible and the actual.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Examination'

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