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1
Wang, Shengyun, Yaxin Zhang, and Xingren Yao. "Research on Spatial Unbalance and Influencing Factors of Ecological Well-Being Performance in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (September 3, 2021): 9299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179299.
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Ecological well-being performance (EWP) is central to achieving coordinated and sustainable economic and social development and environmental protection. This study constructed an evaluation index system of EWP, measured the EWP of 30 Chinese provinces or cities from 1997 to 2018 using the super-efficiency slack-based model (Super-SBM), and analyzed the spatial and temporal evolutionary characteristics of EWP. Under the division of four regions and eight regions, the Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition is applied to analyze the regional differences and sources of differences in EWP in China. Then, the Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR) model analyzes the factors influencing EWP. Results show that the inter-provincial differences in EWP in China are significant, with the eastern region having significantly higher EWP than the western, central, and northeastern regions. From 1997 to 2018, the overall spatial differences in EWP in China decreased. The four regions and eight regions show that reducing inter-regional differences is the key to mitigating regional unbalance in China. Urbanization significantly enhances EWP in China and the degree of openness and industrial structure has a significant heterogeneous effect on EWP. Therefore, future policy formulation should focus on transforming the economic development model, promoting coordinated regional development, and exploring the optimal ways to improve EWP according to local conditions. This study aims to provide a scientific basis and reference for promoting sustainable regional economic and social development and improving the imbalance.
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Tomková, Kvìta, Petr Cuhra, Jana Rysová, Petr Hanák, Dana Gabrovská, A. Baranda, S. Baršová, et al. "ELISA Kit for Determination of Egg White Proteins: Interlaboratory Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 93, no. 6 (November 1, 2010): 1923–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/93.6.1923.
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Abstract An interlaboratory study was conducted in 11 laboratories to validate an ELISA method developed for the quantitative determination of egg white proteins (EWPs) in foods. The ELISA kit used for this study is based on sheep polyclonal antibody. It does not produce any false-positive results or cross-reactivity in a broad food matrix range with zero EWP content. All participants obtained the Egg ELISA Kit-native with standard operational procedure and the list of samples, as well as the samples and a protocol for recording test results. The study included 10 food samples. Four samples of food matrix with zero EWP content showed EWP content lower than the first standard (EWP content 0.5 mg/kg). One sample of food matrix with zero EWP content revealed EWP content higher than standard 3 (1.5 mg EWP/kg). Five food samples containing EWP as an ingredient tested positive and one negative. The statistical tests (Cochran, Dixon, and Mandel) and analysis of variance were used to evaluate the interlaboratory study results. Repeatability and reproducibility limits, as well as LOQ (1.4 mg EWP/kg) and LOD (0.43 mg EWP/kg), were calculated for the kit.
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Matsuoka, Ryosuke, Bungo Shirouchi, Minami Umegatani, Meguri Fukuda, Ayano Muto, Yasunobu Masuda, Masaaki Kunou, and Masao Sato. "Dietary egg-white protein increases body protein mass and reduces body fat mass through an acceleration of hepaticβ-oxidation in rats." British Journal of Nutrition 118, no. 6 (September 28, 2017): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114517002306.
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AbstractEgg-white protein (EWP) is known to reduce lymphatic TAG transport in rats. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary EWP on body fat mass. Male rats, 4 weeks old, were fed diets containing either 20 % EWP or casein for 28 d. Carcass protein levels and gastrocnemius leg muscle weights in the EWP group were significantly higher than those in the casein group. In addition, carcass TAG levels and abdominal fat weights in the EWP group were significantly lower than those in the casein group; adipocyte size in abdominal fat in the EWP group was smaller than that in the casein group. To identify the involvement of dietary fat levels in the rats, one of two fat levels (5 or 10 %) was added to their diet along with the different protein sources (EWP and casein). Abdominal fat weight and serum and hepatic TAG levels were significantly lower in the EWP group than in the casein group. Moreover, significantly higher values of enzymatic activity related toβ-oxidation in the liver were observed in the EWP group compared with the casein group. Finally, abdominal fat weight reduction in the EWP group with the 10 % fat diet was lower than that in the EWP group with the 5 % fat diet. In conclusion, our results indicate that, in addition to the inhibition of dietary TAG absorption reported previously, dietary EWP reduces body fat mass in rats through an increase of body protein mass and the acceleration ofβ-oxidation in the liver.
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Wang, Chenying, Xidong Ren, Yujie Su, and Yanjun Yang. "Application of Glycation in Regulating the Heat-Induced Nanoparticles of Egg White Protein." Nanomaterials 8, no. 11 (November 15, 2018): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8110943.
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Due to the poor thermal stability of egg white protein (EWP), important challenges remain regarding preparation of nanoparticles for EWP above the denaturation temperature at neutral conditions. In this study, nanoparticles were fabricated from conjugates of EWP and isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO) after heating at 90 °C for 30 min. Meanwhile, the effects of protein concentration, temperature, pH, ionic strength and degree of glycation (DG) on the formation of nanoparticles from IMO-EWP were investigated. To further reveal the formation mechanism of the nanoparticles, structures, thermal denaturation properties and surface properties were compared between EWP and IMO-EWP conjugates. Furthermore, the emulsifying activity index (EAI) and the emulsifying stability index (ESI) of nanoparticles were determined. The results indicated that glycation enhanced thermal stability and net surface charge of EWP due to changes in the EWP structure. The thermal aggregation of EWP was inhibited significantly by glycation, and enhanced with a higher degree of glycation. Meanwhile, the nanoparticles (<200 nm in size) were obtained at pH 3.0, 7.0 and 9.0 in the presence of NaCl. The increased thermal stability and surface net negative charge after glycation contributed to the inhibition. The EAI and ESI of nanoparticles were increased nearly 3-fold and 2-fold respectively, as compared to unheated EWP.
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Fowler, C. J., G. Brännström, P. C. Ahlgren, L. Florvall, and K. E. O. Akerman. "Inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase by micromolar concentrations of disulfiram and its analogues." Biochemical Journal 289, no. 3 (February 1, 1993): 853–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2890853.
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Following a preincubation period of 10 min, disulfiram and its analogues FLA 46, FLA 63, FLA 99, EWP 815 and EWP 840 inhibited the breakdown of 10 microM [3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3 by Ins(1,4,5)P3 5-phosphatase from GH3 cells, with IC50 values (in microM), for soluble/particulate enzymes respectively, of: disulfiram, 24/24; FLA 46, 23/30; FLA 63, 24/6; FLA 99, 50/48; EWP 815, 8/6; EWP 840, 11/8. The inhibition produced by FLA 99 was time-dependent in nature, although inhibition was found in the absence of a preincubation period. EWP 815 and EWP 840 were more potent inhibitors of Ins(1,4)P2 phosphatase than of Ins(1,4,5)P3 5-phosphatase. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH; 3/100 microM)-stimulated inositol phospholipid breakdown in prelabelled GH3 cells was inhibited by disulfiram (IC50 values 63/52 microM respectively), FLA 46 (89/110 microM), EWP 815 (83/71 microM) and EWP 840 (220/200 microM), without affecting basal breakdown rates. FLA 99 did not inhibit either basal or TRH-stimulated activity at any of the concentrations tested (30, 100 and 300 microM). [3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3 binding to its cerebellar receptor was not inhibited by any of the compounds over a concentration range of 3-300 microM, although an increased level of binding was seen at high concentrations. FLA 99 and EWP 840 increased the basal intracellular Ca2+ concentration in GH3 cells, but with no corresponding effect on the Ca2+ response to TRH stimulation. These compounds did not increase the cellular permeability to Trypan Blue, but did affect cell proliferation. It is concluded that disulfiram and related compounds produce dramatic effects on Ins(1,4,5)P3 metabolism in GH3 cells.
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He, Dabo, Ying Lv, and Qigen Tong. "Succinylation Improves the Thermal Stability of Egg White Proteins." Molecules 24, no. 20 (October 21, 2019): 3783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203783.
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Succinylation can improve the thermal stability of various proteins. In this study, succinylated egg white protein (SEWP) samples with different succinylation degrees were prepared by adding various succinic anhydride additives to egg white protein (EWP). The thermal stability of SEWP and the conformational structure under various succinylation degrees were investigated. With the increase in succinylation degree, the turbidity of heated SEWP solution (90 °C for 30 min) markedly declined. The heated SEWP solution with high succinylation degree (37.63%, 66.57%, and 72.37%) was transparent. Moreover, the result of differential scanning calorimetry confirmed that the thermal stability of succinylated EWP increased. The results of intrinsic fluorescence spectra and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy illustrate that succinylation changed the conformational structure of EWP. Succinylation increased the electrostatic repulsion and decreased the surface hydrophobicity, and it changed the aggregation morphology of EWP. Cross-linked spherical aggregates of low succinylation degree transformed to thready aggregates of a high succinylation degree. Thus, succinylation improved the thermal stability of EWP.
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Hou, Jundong, Xinxin Ruan, Jun Lv, and Haixiang Guo. "Two-Stage Super-Efficiency Slacks-Based Model to Assess China’s Ecological Wellbeing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (September 26, 2020): 7045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197045.
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As industrialization and urbanization in China have significantly increased ecological problems such as environmental pollution and resource waste, it has become important to be able to comprehensively assess ecological wellbeing performance (EWP) when seeking high-quality human wellbeing and economic growth within specific ecological limits. Therefore, to explore the EWP spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, this paper established an evaluation index system that considers ecological economic efficiency and economic welfare efficiency from input and output perspectives. The EWPs in 30 Chinese provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) from 2006 to 2017 were then measured using a two-stage super-efficiency slacks-based model (Super-SBM) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) window analysis method. It was found that: (1) the average EWP value in the Chinese provinces was relatively low at 0.698, with the highest EWP in Beijing, Hainan, and Shanghai and the lowest in Xinjiang, Ningxia, and Qinghai; (2) the average provincial EWP fluctuated from 2006 to 2017 with a “decline-rise-decline-rise” feature; (3) China’s EWP value was spatially supported by the quadrangular “Beijing-Shanghai-Hainan-Sichuan” pole and continued to radiate to areas along these lines. These research findings provide theoretical insights and practical implications for regional ecological protection and human welfare improvements in China.
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Jiang, Wenping, Gang Huang, Kaiming Hu, Renguang Wu, Hainan Gong, Xiaolong Chen, and Weichen Tao. "Diverse Relationship between ENSO and the Northwest Pacific Summer Climate among CMIP5 Models: Dependence on the ENSO Decay Pace." Journal of Climate 30, no. 1 (January 2017): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0365.1.
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The impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the northwest Pacific (NWP) climate during ENSO decay summers are investigated based on the outputs of 37 coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Large intermodel spread exists in the 37 state-of-the-art CGCMs in simulating the ENSO–NWP relationship. Eight high-skill and eight low-skill models are selected to explore how the bias arises. By comparing the results among high-skill models, low-skill models, and observations, the simulation skill of the ENSO–NWP relationship largely depends on whether the model can reasonably reproduce the ENSO decay pace. Warm SST anomaly bias in the equatorial western Pacific (EWP) is found to persist into the ENSO decay summer in the low-skill models, obstructing the formation of an anomalous anticyclone in the NWP. Further analysis shows that the warm EWP SST anomaly bias is possibly related to the excessive westward extension of cold tongue in these models, which increases climatological zonal SST gradient in the EWP. Under westerly wind anomalies, the larger climatological zonal SST gradient could lead to warmer zonal advections in the low-skill models than that in the high-skill models, which could lead to warm EWP SST anomaly bias in the low-skill models. And the warm EWP SST anomaly bias could strengthen westerly wind anomalies over the western Pacific by triggering convection and atmospheric Rossby waves, which, in turn, could maintain the warm SST anomaly bias in the EWP.
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Naticchioni, Paolo, and Andrea Ricci. "Investire nello studio: evoluzione dei rendimenti salariali dell'istruzione in Italia." QA Rivista dell'Associazione Rossi-Doria, no. 4 (December 2009): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/qu2009-004001.
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- In this paper we analyze the evolution of Educational wage premia (Ewp) in the Italian private sector. Drawing upon the Household income and wealth survey (Bank of Italy) we show that Ewp showed a general decrease between 1993 and 2004, at all quantiles of the wage distribution. Our findings do not depend on the type of educational attainments. A number of robustness checks and various econometric specifications are also applied in order to address matters of sample selection. Thus Italy is situated as an outlier among the Oecd countries, where the Ewp have generally increased over the last few decades.
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Hong, Goopyo, Suk-Won Lee, Ji-Yeon Kang, and Hyung-Geun Kim. "Thermal Behavior and Measures to Prevent Condensation of a Newly Developed External Wall Panel." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (February 11, 2019): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030912.
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An external wall panel (EWP) as a novel alternative to provide spatial flexibility and improve the performance of external walls was developed. The purpose of this study was to analyze the thermal performance of this EWP. A simulation analysis was carried out to scrutinize whether it was vulnerable to condensation, considering South Korea’s weather conditions, and find countermeasures to prevent this. Results indicated that the indoor surface temperature with the measures of added insulation materials and an inserted thermal-breaker was over 16.5 °C and that these methods could prevent condensation. In addition, this study assessed unsteady-state thermal characteristics, linear thermal transmittance, and the effective thermal transmittance of EWP. Effective thermal transmittance was estimated in consideration of the heat transmittance of EWP and the linear thermal transmittance of its slabs and its connection parts. The thermal characteristics of the building envelope are needed to analyze effective thermal transmittance and linear thermal transmittance-associated thermal bridges.
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Yao, Lan, Zhenning Yu, Mengya Wu, Jiachen Ning, and Tiangui Lv. "The Spatiotemporal Evolution and Trend Prediction of Ecological Wellbeing Performance in China." Land 10, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10010012.
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Humans currently face a problematic ecological dilemma regarding economic growth. It is difficult to meet human needs by only studying economic growth created by artificial costs, and all countries need to pay attention to the task of improving the level of human welfare under the constraints of an ecological environment from the perspective of sustainable development. The focus of ecological wellbeing performance (EWP) is how to achieve the maximum welfare level output or achieve higher welfare level improvement with the fewest conversions of natural and ecological inputs. In this paper, we use the super-efficiency SBM model to measure the EWP of Chinese provinces and cities, traditional and spatial Markov probability transfer matrices are established based on time series analysis and spatial correlation analysis of the global Moran’s index, and the characteristics of the spatiotemporal variations of EWP are analyzed by comparing the matrices. The evolution trend for a certain future period is predicted, and the influences of geographical spatial patterns on the spatiotemporal evolution of EWP are discussed. On this basis, according to the calculation and analysis of the characteristics of China’s EWP, provinces and cities in China need to focus on improving their own resource utilization efficiency and strengthen environmental supervision to improve EWP. Finally, policy recommendations are put forward. First, special laws and regulations need to be introduced for resource utilization and ecological protection. The second recommendation is to promote and improve the mechanism of public participation in the rational utilization of resources and protection of the ecological environment. The third recommendation is to establish a dynamic monitoring system for resource utilization and ecological environmental protection. The fourth recommendation is to strengthen structural adjustment and accomplish high-quality economic development.
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Amankwaa, Godfred, Festus A. Asaaga, Christian Fischer, and Patrick Awotwe. "Diffusion of Electronic Water Payment Innovations in Urban Ghana. Evidence from Tema Metropolis." Water 12, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041011.
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Recent advances in mobile technologies, especially in the utility payment space, are having an increasingly profound impact on our daily lives and offer advantageous services in the utility sectors. This paper examines the prevalence and patterns of customer uptake of an electronic water payment (EWP) system and its implications for water delivery in the Tema Metropolitan Area, Ghana. Data for the study comprised a survey of 250 utility customers and the review of a 12-month water use and customer payment database from a water supply company. Results indicate that although customers were aware of EWP’s existence, overall uptake was very low. EWP awareness and intention to use EWP were not significantly associated with customers’ gender, phone/mobile money ownership, educational status, and water usage. However, age, employment status, income, and means of receiving monthly bills were found to be statistically different in relation to the awareness of EWP. These findings offer several implications for water service and utility providers to market mobile payment solutions and to increase the consumer uptake of these services and payment options.
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Larsén, Xiaoli G., and Jana Fischereit. "A case study of wind farm effects using two wake parameterizations in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model (V3.7.1) in the presence of low-level jets." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 6 (June 2, 2021): 3141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3141-2021.
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Abstract. While the wind farm parameterization by Fitch et al. (2012) in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model has been used and evaluated frequently, the explicit wake parameterization (EWP) by Volker et al. (2015) is less well explored. The openly available high-frequency flight measurements from Bärfuss et al. (2019a) provide an opportunity to directly compare the simulation results from the EWP and Fitch scheme with in situ measurements. In doing so, this study aims to complement the recent study by Siedersleben et al. (2020) by (1) comparing the EWP and Fitch schemes in terms of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and velocity deficit, together with FINO 1 measurements and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, and (2) exploring the interactions of the wind farm with low-level jets (LLJs). This is done using a bug-fixed WRF version that includes the correct TKE advection, following Archer et al. (2020). Both the Fitch and the EWP schemes can capture the mean wind field in the presence of the wind farm consistently and well. TKE in the EWP scheme is significantly underestimated, suggesting that an explicit turbine-induced TKE source should be included in addition to the implicit source from shear. The value of the correction factor for turbine-induced TKE generation in the Fitch scheme has a significant impact on the simulation results. The position of the LLJ nose and the shear beneath the jet nose are modified by the presence of wind farms.
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González-Infante, Gabriela Alejandra, Jesús Rafael Del Castillo Salomón, Francisco Fernando Herrera Mirabal, Guillermina Aguiar Guzmán, Eunice Marcano, and Lusliany Josefina Rondón Verenzuela. "Desarrollo clínico-biológico de ratas alimentadas con dieta semi-purificada a base de clara de huevo." Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 32, no. 4 (August 24, 2021): e19438. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v32i4.19438.
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Ante la escasez de alimento concentrado para animales en el país, la investigación se centró en elaborar una dieta basada en las directrices del Instituto Americano de Nutrición (AIN) con ingredientes endógenos y probarlos en ratas en gestación, lactancia y crecimiento. En el Experimento 1 se trabajó con 12 ratas Sprague Dawley (SD) machos de 5-6 semanas, la mitad alimentada con dieta control y la otra mitad con dieta no purificada a base de clara de huevo (EWP) durante seis semanas. En el Experimento 2 se trabajó con 10 ratas SD gestantes sometidas a las mismas dietas (control y EWP), para seleccionar 14 crías macho de cuatro semanas de edad para continuar con los mismos regímenes de alimentación por cinco semanas más (7 control y 7 EWP). En ambos experimentos se realizó evaluación de parámetros clínicos-metabólicos (peso corporal, evaluación clínica y estudio en caja metabólica), En el segundo experimento se evaluaron, además, parámetros biológicos (concentración de proteínas y hematología). Los resultados muestran parámetros clínicos-metabólicos estables y parámetros biológicos normales, lo que permite concluir que EWP es adecuada para el desarrollo óptimo y sano de las ratas de laboratorio.
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Jiang, Wenping, Ping Huang, Gang Huang, and Jun Ying. "Origins of the Excessive Westward Extension of ENSO SST Simulated in CMIP5 and CMIP6 Models." Journal of Climate 34, no. 8 (April 2021): 2839–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-20-0551.1.
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AbstractAn excessive westward extension of the simulated ENSO-related sea surface temperature (ENSO SST) variability in the CMIP5 and CMIP6 models is the most apparent ENSO SST pattern bias and dominates the intermodel spread in ENSO SST variability among the models. The ENSO SST bias lowers the models’ skill in ENSO-related simulations and induces large intermodel uncertainty in ENSO-related projections. The present study investigates the origins of the excessive westward extension of ENSO SST in 25 CMIP5 and 25 CMIP6 models. Based on the intermodel spread of ENSO SST variability simulated in the 50 models, we reveal that this ENSO SST bias among the models largely depends on the simulated cold tongue strength in the equatorial western Pacific (EWP). Models simulating a stronger cold tongue tend to simulate a larger mean zonal SST gradient in the EWP and then a larger zonal advection feedback in the EWP, favoring a more westward extension of the ENSO SST pattern. In addition, with the overall improvement in the EWP cold tongue from CMIP5 to CMIP6, the excessive westward extension bias of ENSO SST in CMIP6 models is also reduced relative to those in CMIP5 models. The results suggest that the bias and intermodel disagreement in the mean-state SST have been improved, which improves ENSO simulation.
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Amarasinghe, Upali A., Alok Sikka, Vidya Mandave, R. K. Panda, Sunil Gorantiwar, and Sunil K. Ambast. "Improving economic water productivity to enhance resilience in canal irrigation systems: a pilot study of the Sina irrigation system in Maharashtra, India." Water Policy 23, no. 2 (March 10, 2021): 447–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2021.231.
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Abstract This paper proposes scenarios to achieve more crop per drop and irrigation for all in water-scarce irrigation systems, with a particular reference to India. It uses economic water productivity (EWP) and water cost curve for EWP as tools to reallocate irrigation consumptive water use (CWU) and identify economically viable cropping patterns. Assessed in the water-scarce Sina irrigation system in Maharashtra, India, the method shows that drought-tolerant annual crops such as fruits and/or fodder should be the preferred option in irrigated cropping patterns. Cropping patterns with orchard or fodder as permanent fixtures will provide sustainable income in low rainfall years. Orchards in combination with other crops will increase EWP and value of output in moderate to good rainfall years. Governments should create an enabling environment for conjunctive water use and allocation of CWU to achieve a gradual shift to high-value annual/perennial crops as permanent fixtures in cropping patterns.
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Jing, Hui, Jun Sun, Yaoyao Mu, Mohammed Obadi, David Julian McClements, and Bin Xu. "Sonochemical effects on the structure and antioxidant activity of egg white protein–tea polyphenol conjugates." Food & Function 11, no. 8 (2020): 7084–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0fo01636e.
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Waugh, Erin. "Teaching Pragmatics and Intercultural Communication Online." TESL Canada Journal 30, no. 7 (February 20, 2014): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v30i7.1154.
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English in the Workplace (EWP) programs are increasingly surfacing across Can- ada to assist internationally educated professionals (IEPs) with the challenges of integrating into the Canadian workplace. One critical topic of these courses is targeted pragmatics (soft skills) instruction. By learning these skills, IEPs gain valuable tools for communicating effectively and appropriately with their Cana- dian-born colleagues and leaders. The workplace is also becoming increasingly culturally diverse, broadening the required skillsets of IEPs to include intercultural competence—the ability to adapt both cognitively and behaviourally across cultures to achieve communicative goals (Bennett, 1993). As an EWP instructor in a medium-sized institution in Alberta, I worked on the redesign of an EWP course with both pragmatics and intercultural components to be offered online. The course results showed learner development in both pragmatics and intercul- tural competence. In this article, I outline the theory that informed the course design, content, and assessment tools; discuss results of a sample of learners from four pilot offerings; and provide considerations for instructors and instructional designers tasked with the development of online courses of this nature.
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Ovechko, V. S., and V. P. Myhashko. "Spectral Particularities of Femtosecond Optical Pulses Propagating in Dispersive Medium." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 63, no. 6 (July 12, 2018): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe63.6.479.
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We have proposed a refined solution of the wave equation for a dispersive medium without restriction on the duration of an optical pulse. We apply a series of elementary wave packages (EWP) to the representation of superwideband signals (fs pulse). We investigate peculiarities of the propagation of waves with low and high frequencies through the one-resonance medium. We show the existence of a “precursor” for fs optical pulses. We propose a formula for the optical signal velocity (OSV). Its value does not exceed the light velocity in vacuum. We have designed a method of adaptation of EWP-pulses to time-domain spectroscopy.
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Lee, Josephine. "East West Players and Asian American Theatre: A Retrospective." Theatre Survey 57, no. 2 (April 13, 2016): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557416000089.
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The following essays were inspired by talks delivered at the 2015 Association for Asian American Studies annual conference, where we commemorated the fifty years since the 1965 founding of East West Players (EWP) in Los Angeles. Currently led by artistic director Tim Dang, EWP is known as the first and longest-running Asian American theatre company. It has played a crucial part in the training of Asian American actors and the formation of other Asian American theatres across the nation and in the development of new plays and productions that articulate and challenge how “Asian America” is understood and represented. Through reflecting upon the past, present, and future of EWP, our essays contemplate the most significant questions about Asian American theatre practice: how theatre engages the multiple and even contradictory aspects of what is “Asian American,” the panethnic racial category that is consistently challenged by the diverse cultural practices, communities, and identities it purports to describe. EWP's history illustrates the multiple dimensions of how Asian American theatre can challenge the limited prescriptions, labels, and packaging so often used in talking about race both inside and outside the theatre.
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KIM, C. S., SECHUL OH, and YEO WOONG YOON. "IS THERE ANY PUZZLE OF NEW PHYSICS IN B → Kπ DECAYS?" International Journal of Modern Physics A 23, no. 21 (August 20, 2008): 3296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x08042006.
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Due to re-parametrization invariance of decay amplitudes, any single new physics (NP) amplitude arising through either the electro-weak penguin (EWP) or the color-suppressed tree amplitude can be embedded simultaneously into both the color-suppressed tree and the EWP contribution in B → Kπ decays. We present a systematic method to extract each standard model (SM)-like hadronic parameter as well as new physics parameters in analytic way, so that one can pinpoint them once experimental data are given. Using the currently available experimental data for B → Kπ modes, we find two possible analytic results: one showing the large SM-like color-suppressed tree contribution and the other showing the large SM-like EWP contribution. The magnitude of the NP amplitude and its weak phase are quite large. For instance, we find |PNP/P′| = 0.39 ± 0.13, φNP = 92° ± 15° and δNP = 7° ± 26°, which are the ratio of the NP-to-SM contribution, the weak and the strong phase of the NP amplitude, respectively. We also investigate the dependence of the NP contribution on the weak phase γ and the mixing induced CP asymmetry of B0 → KSπ0, respectively
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Lin, Han-Ching, Yen-Tso Chang, Go-Long Tsai, Dao-Ming Wang, Feng-Chi Hsieh, and Jinn-Feng Jiang. "Oil Coking Prevention Using Electric Water Pump for Turbo-Charge Spark-Ignition Engines." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/498624.
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Turbocharger has been widely implemented for internal combustion engine to increase an engine's power output and reduce fuel consumption. However, its operating temperature would rise to 340°C when engine stalls. This higher temperature may results in bearing wear, run-out, and stick, due to oil coking and insufficient lubrication. In order to overcome these problems, this paper employs Electric Water Pump (EWP) to supply cool liquid to turbocharger actively when the engine stalls. The system layout, operating timing, and duration of EWP are investigated for obtaining optimal performance. The primarily experimental results show that the proposed layout and control strategy have a lower temperature of 100°C than the conventional temperature 225°C.
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Peirce, Bonny N., Helen Harper, and Barbara Burnaby. "Workplace ESL at Levi Strauss: "Dropouts" Speak Out." TESL Canada Journal 10, no. 2 (October 26, 1993): 09. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v10i2.616.
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This paper investigates why over 50 workers who qualified for ESL training did not participate in the EWP programs offered on-site at two garment factories in Canada. Findings are drawn from a research project commissioned by Levi Strauss & Co. (Canada) in 1990. Results indicate that advertised programs, supervisor resistance, production and income anxiety, domestic and social pressure are more likely to lead to "dropout" than limitations in the programs per se. The authors conclude if an EWP program is to be effective, it must address not only the linguistic needs of the ESL workforce in a particular context, but its relationship to larger social and economic structures in the workplace and wider community.
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Sun, Jun, Hui Jing, Tengmei Liu, Shijian Dong, Mohammed Obadi, and Bin Xu. "Evaluation of antioxidant modification on the functional and structural properties of EWP conjugates." RSC Advances 10, no. 18 (2020): 10666–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra00023j.
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The aim of this present study was to improve the oxidative stability of egg white protein (EWP) through catechin (CT) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) covalent modification via an alkaline method at pH 9.0.
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Pelkki, Matthew, Gabrielle Sherman, Tamara Walkingstick, and Kenneth Wallen. "Architect Familiarity and Perceptions Surrounding Sustainable Design, LEED, and Engineered Wood Products in Arkansas." Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 27, no. 2 (November 5, 2020): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.27.2.25104.
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The sustainable building design movement has gained momentum within the United States in recent years. This has led to a proliferation of green building certification programs like Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and the development of engineered wood products (EWP) like cross laminated timber (CLT). Often, architects serve as the conduit between green building construction material and their use in construction. There is need to investigate the perceptions and practices of architects on the topic of green building certification and EWPs. In partnership with the American Institute of Architects (AIA), this study surveyed registered architects practicing in Arkansas to a) examine interest in and application of LEED certification and b) beliefs related to sustainability, affordability, and availability of EWPs. Results suggest a majority of architects surveyed have interest in the LEED program and have previously earned LEED-certification for a building design. Respondents rated the importance of improving human health and well-being as especially high but appear to doubt the ability of EWP to contribute to sustainable design. Analysis revealed that CLT use is significantly lower than that of more typical EWPs such as plywood panels and glue laminated timber. Architects also indicated that the affordability and availability of modern EWP represent significant barriers to their utilization within the state. To increase the rate of sustainable development, it will be necessary to highlight benefits to human and environmental health and generate interest amongst architectural clientele.
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Volker, P. J. H., J. Badger, A. N. Hahmann, and S. Ott. "The Explicit Wake Parametrisation V1.0: a wind farm parametrisation in the mesoscale model WRF." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 8, no. 4 (April 29, 2015): 3481–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-3481-2015.
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Abstract. We describe the theoretical basis, implementation and validation of a new parametrisation that accounts for the effect of large offshore wind farms on the atmosphere and can be used in mesoscale and large-scale atmospheric models. This new parametrisation, referred to as the Explicit Wake Parametrisation (EWP), uses classical wake theory to describe the unresolved wake expansion. The EWP scheme is validated against filtered in situ measurements from two meteorological masts situated a few kilometres away from the Danish offshore wind farm Horns Rev I. The simulated velocity deficit in the wake of the wind farm compares well to that observed in the measurements and the velocity profile is qualitatively similar to that simulated with large eddy simulation models and from wind tunnel studies. At the same time, the validation process highlights the challenges in verifying such models with real observations.
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Volker, P. J. H., J. Badger, A. N. Hahmann, and S. Ott. "The Explicit Wake Parametrisation V1.0: a wind farm parametrisation in the mesoscale model WRF." Geoscientific Model Development 8, no. 11 (November 18, 2015): 3715–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3715-2015.
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Abstract. We describe the theoretical basis, implementation, and validation of a new parametrisation that accounts for the effect of large offshore wind farms on the atmosphere and can be used in mesoscale and large-scale atmospheric models. This new parametrisation, referred to as the Explicit Wake Parametrisation (EWP), uses classical wake theory to describe the unresolved wake expansion. The EWP scheme is validated for a neutral atmospheric boundary layer against filtered in situ measurements from two meteorological masts situated a few kilometres away from the Danish offshore wind farm Horns Rev I. The simulated velocity deficit in the wake of the wind farm compares well to that observed in the measurements, and the velocity profile is qualitatively similar to that simulated with large eddy simulation models and from wind tunnel studies. At the same time, the validation process highlights the challenges in verifying such models with real observations.
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Xu, Hai, Jia Chen Liu, Ying Na Zhao, and Zhen Guang Hou. "3D Interconnetive Porous Silica Ceramics Prepared by Gel Casting with Egg White Protein as a Foaming Agent." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 555–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.555.
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Highly porous silica ceramics were produced by gel casting with egg white protein (EWP) as a foaming agent and evaluated by measuring the porosity, mechanical strength and microstructure. After drying, the green bodies were debindered and sintered at 1300°C for 4 h. The influences of the EWP content on the open porosity as well as the strength were investigated. The porosity of the obtained porous silica ceramics was within 70.2%-86.1%, the bending strength decreased from 6.81 MPa to 5.48 MPa. It was found that the strength dependence of the porosity was well described by a modified exponential relation of the form σ=σ0exp(-BP), where P is the porosity and B is a constant (B = 1.37 was obtained by fitting the experimental data). This finding is in agreement with other literature data and seems to indicate a common feature of all porous ceramics.
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Wei, Yuntao, and Hong-Li Ren. "Modulation of ENSO on Fast and Slow MJO Modes during Boreal Winter." Journal of Climate 32, no. 21 (October 3, 2019): 7483–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0013.1.
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Abstract This study investigates modulation of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) propagation during boreal winter. Results show that the spatiotemporal evolution of MJO manifests as a fast equatorially symmetric propagation from the Indian Ocean to the equatorial western Pacific (EWP) during El Niño, whereas the MJO during La Niña is very slow and tends to frequently “detour” via the southern Maritime Continent (MC). The westward group velocity of the MJO is also more significant during El Niño. Based on the dynamics-oriented diagnostics, it is found that, during El Niño, the much stronger leading suppressed convection over the EWP excites a significant front Walker cell, which further triggers a larger Kelvin wave easterly wind anomaly and premoistening and heating effects to the east. However, the equatorial Rossby wave to the west tends to decouple with the MJO convection. Both effects can result in fast MJO propagation. The opposite holds during La Niña. A column-integrated moisture budget analysis reveals that the sea surface temperature anomaly driving both the eastward and equatorward gradients of the low-frequency moisture anomaly during El Niño, as opposed to the westward and poleward gradients during La Niña, induces moist advection over the equatorial eastern MC–EWP region due to the intraseasonal wind anomaly and therefore enhances the zonal asymmetry of the moisture tendency, supporting fast propagation. The role of nonlinear advection by synoptic-scale Kelvin waves is also nonnegligible in distinguishing fast and slow MJO modes. This study emphasizes the crucial roles of dynamical wave feedback and moisture–convection feedback in modulating the MJO propagation by ENSO.
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Rao, Priyanka Singh, Emerson Nolasco, Akihiro Handa, Michael J. Naldrett, Sophie Alvarez, and Kaustav Majumder. "Effect of pH and Heat Treatment on the Antioxidant Activity of Egg White Protein-Derived Peptides after Simulated In-Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion." Antioxidants 9, no. 11 (November 11, 2020): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111114.
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The study aimed to analyze pH and heat treatment’s effect in modulating the release of peptides with antioxidant activity after simulated gastrointestinal (GI) digestion of Egg white powder (EWP). EWP samples with neutral (EWPN) and alkaline (EWPA) pH were heat-treated at 20, 60, and 90 °C and analyzed for protein aggregation, solubility, and GI digestibility. Heat treatment decreased solubility and induced protein aggregation, which was higher for EWPN as compared to EWPA. The unfolding of EWPA proteins at 60 °C exhibited a higher GI digestibility and antioxidant activity via Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay as compared to EWPN. Interestingly, a reverse trend was observed in the cellular antioxidant assay, and the GI-digest of EWPN exhibited a higher antioxidant activity. The LC-MS/MS analysis are in concordance with cellular antioxidant activity assay and showed a higher intensity for peptides with potential antioxidant activity in the GI-digest of EWPN. The results indicate that heat treatment but not the pH is a critical factor in improving the protein digestibility and releasing peptides with antioxidant activity after GI digestion.
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Liu, Lili, Xiaopan Yang, Bhesh Bhandari, Yuanyuan Meng, and Sangeeta Prakash. "Optimization of the Formulation and Properties of 3D-Printed Complex Egg White Protein Objects." Foods 9, no. 2 (February 8, 2020): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9020164.
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The 3D printing of foods is an emerging technique for producing unique and complex food items. This study presents the optimization of a new formulation for 3D printing foods on the basis of a complex system, which contains egg white protein (EWP), gelatin, cornstarch, and sucrose. The effects of different formulations on the rheological properties and the microstructure of the printing system were investigated. The formulation was optimized through response surface methodology, and a central composite design was adopted. The optimum formulation of the 3D mixture printing system was made of gelatin (14.27 g), cornstarch (19.72 g), sucrose (8.02 g), and EWP (12.98 g) in 250 mL of total deionized water with a maximum sensory evaluation score of 34.47 ± 1.02 and a viscosity of 1.374 ± 0.015 Pa·s. Results showed that the viscosity of the formulation correlated with the sensory evaluation score. The rheological properties and tribological behavior of the optimum formulation significantly differed from those of other formulations. A viscosity of 1.374 Pa·s supported the timely flow out of the printing material from the nozzle assisting 3D printability. Thus, 3D printing based on the egg white protein mixture system is a promising method for producing complex-shaped food objects.
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Lang, Niklaus P., Thorkild Karring, Denis F. Kinane, Jan Lindhe, Mariano Sanz, and Maurizio S. Tonetti. "Fifth European Workshop on Periodontology (EWP) of the European Academy of Periodontology (EAP), Charterhouse at Ittingen, Thurgau, Switzerland." Journal of Clinical Periodontology 32, s6 (October 2005): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.2005.00824.x.
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Ruan, Ch Q., Y. J. Chi, and R. D. Zhang. "Kinetics of hydrolysis of egg white protein by pepsin." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 28, No. 5 (October 14, 2010): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/228/2009-cjfs.
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Taking into account the enzyme inactivation and substrate inhibition, the bioreaction mechanism and kinetics characteristic of egg white protein (EWP) enzymatic hydrolysis by pepsin were investigated. A logarithmic equation h = (1/b) ln (1 + abt) indicating the relationship between the degree of hydrolysis (DH) and time was established. For EWP-pepsin system, the reaction mechanism could be deduced from a series of experimental results at different temperatures, pH values, substrate concentrations, and enzyme concentrations. The reaction kinetics and thermodynamic constants (K<sub>S</sub> = 3916.5 g/l, k<sub>2</sub> = 17 202.86 min<sup>–1</sup>, k<sub>d</sub> = 21 962.03, E<sub>a</sub> = 56.89 kJ/mol, E<sub>d</sub> = 51.99 kJ/mol) were responsible for the empirical equations. The results of nonlinear regression of the proposed kinetic model agreed with the experimental data, i.e. the average relative error was less than 5%. As a conclusion, the kinetic equations can be used to fit the enzymatic hydrolysis process of egg white protein and to optimise the operating parameters of bioactive peptides preparation for the bioreactor design.
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Putilova, U. S., Yu I. Nekrasov, and A. A. Lasukov. "Loading of the Manufacturing Systems Elements in the Process of Unsteady Mode Cutting and the Models of their Arrangement Deviations." Applied Mechanics and Materials 682 (October 2014): 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.682.192.
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To improve the treatment accuracy by on-line correction of the paths of the executive working parts (EWP) the authors study the processes of loading, deformation and arrangement deviation of the elements of the manufacturing systems (MS) under the changes of the cutting force components in the process of turning on machine-tools equipped with CNC systems of PCNC class. Estimation of the values of the technological components of the cutting force Px, Py, Pz is based on the phenomenon of arrangement deviation Δωi of the elements monitoring the servo drives of machine tools. To determine the compliance of the deviation magnitude Δwi with the technological components of the cutting force Px, Py a diagnostic subsystem was developed, involving the loading devices and dynamometric equipment. The diagnostic system is controlled through PCNC with the application of a specially developed hardware-software system. The data on changes in the values Px, Py and the respective changes in the attitude misalignment parameters in servo drives at various EWP minute feeds in CNC machine tools were determined by prior diagnosis of load characteristics servo drives, registered in the PCNC. So, the data of cutting force components Px, Py compliance with arrangement error ratios ΔωXп, ΔωZп. were established.
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Li, Xin, Yue-Meng Wang, Cheng-Feng Sun, Jian-Hao Lv, and Yan-Jun Yang. "Comparative Study on Foaming Properties of Egg White with Yolk Fractions and Their Hydrolysates." Foods 10, no. 9 (September 21, 2021): 2238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10092238.
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As an excellent foaming agent, egg white protein (EWP) is always contaminated by egg yolk in the industrial processing, therefore, decreasing its foaming properties. The aim of this study was to simulate the industrial EWP (egg white protein with 0.5% w/w of egg yolk) and characterize their foaming and structural properties when hydrolyzed by two types of esterase (lipase and phospholipase A2). Results showed that egg yolk plasma might have been the main fraction, which led to the poor foaming properties of the contaminated egg white protein compared with egg yolk granules. After hydrolyzation, both foamability and foam stability of investigated systems thereof (egg white protein with egg yolk, egg white protein with egg yolk plasma, and egg white protein with egg yolk granules) increased significantly compared with unhydrolyzed ones. However, phospholipids A2 (PLP) seemed to be more effective on increasing their foaming properties as compared to those systems hydrolyzed by lipase (LP). The schematic diagrams of yolk fractions were proposed to explain the aggregation and dispersed behavior exposed in their changes of structures after hydrolysis, suggesting the aggregated effects of LP on yolk plasma and destructive effects of PLP on yolk granules, which may directly influence their foaming properties.
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Yamada, Mitsuho, and Tadahiko Fukuda. "Eye word processor (EWP) and peripheral controller for the ALS patient." IEE Proceedings A Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews 134, no. 4 (1987): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-a-1.1987.0046.
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Cruz Neto, José Francisco Da, José Edson Florentino de Morais, Carlos André Alves de Souza, Herica Fernanda De Sousa Carvalho, Carlos Tiago Amâncio Rodrigues, and Thieres George Freire da Silva. "Aplicabilidade de indicadores agrometeorológicos para análise do incremento de água por irrigação em sistemas de produção da palma forrageira, cv. Miúda." Journal of Environmental Analysis and Progress 2, no. 2 (May 2, 2017): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24221/jeap.2.2.2017.1170.98-106.
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Objetivou-se avaliar a aplicação de indicadores agrometeorológicos de eficiência do uso da água para a palma forrageira, clone “Miúda”, visando à análise da contribuição do incremento de água em sistemas de produção da cultura. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Serra Talhada, PE. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, e os tratamentos compostos por dois regimes hídricos, o primeiro equivalente a 756 mm ano-1 e outro de 493 mm ano-1. Na ocasião da colheita foram obtidas as variáveis biométricas e de biomassa. Por meio desses últimos dados e das lâminas de água recebidas pela cultura foram calculados a eficiência no uso da água (WUE), a produtividade econômica da água (EWP) e a produtividade da água de irrigação (IWP). A EWP foi avaliada assumindo a venda dos cladódios para alimentação animal e como “semente”. Não houve efeito da redução da disponibilidade de água sobre o crescimento, a produtividade e os indicadores agrometeorológicos (p > 0,05). Porém, percebeu-se um aumento em 42% e 22% na matéria verde e seca da cultura, respectivamente. Em termos de eficiência do uso da água, a Miúda apresentou valores de 59,27 kg MV ha-1 mm-1 e 7,25 kg MS ha-1 mm-1, resultando retorno econômico maior na produção de cladódios para “semente” (85,73 R$ ha-1 mm-1). A IWP foi de 50,64 kg MV ha-1 mm-1 e de 2,29 kg MS ha-1 mm-1. Conclui-se que, os indicadores agrometeorológicos de eficiência do uso da água podem ser utilizados na avaliação do desempenho da cultura da palma forrageira.
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Shepherd, T. J., R. J. Barthelmie, and S. C. Pryor. "Sensitivity of Wind Turbine Array Downstream Effects to the Parameterization Used in WRF." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 59, no. 3 (March 2020): 333–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-19-0135.1.
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AbstractThe Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model has been extensively used for wind energy applications, and current releases include a scheme that can be applied to examine the effects of wind turbine arrays on the atmospheric flow and electricity generation from wind turbines. Herein we present a high-resolution simulation using two different wind farm parameterizations: 1) the “Fitch” parameterization that is included in WRF releases and 2) the recently developed Explicit Wake Parameterization (EWP) scheme. We compare the schemes using a single yearlong simulation for a domain centered on the highest density of current turbine deployments in the contiguous United States (Iowa). Pairwise analyses are applied to diagnose the downstream wake effects and impact of wind turbine arrays on near-surface climate conditions. On average, use of the EWP scheme results in small-magnitude wake effects within wind farm arrays and faster recovery of full WT array wakes. This in turn leads to smaller impacts on near-surface climate variables and reduced array–array interactions, which at a systemwide scale lead to summertime capacity factors (i.e., the electrical power produced relative to nameplate installed capacity) that are 2%–3% higher than those from the more commonly applied Fitch parameterization. It is currently not possible to make recommendations with regard to which wind farm parameterization exhibits higher fidelity or to draw inferences with regard to whether the relative performance may vary with prevailing climate conditions and/or wind turbine deployment configuration. However, the sensitivities documented herein to the wind farm parameterization are of sufficient magnitude to potentially influence wind turbine array siting decisions. Thus, our research findings imply high value in undertaking combined long-term high-fidelity observational studies in support of model validation and verification.
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Nazari, Amir Mohammad, Philip W. Cox, and Kristian E. Waters. "Copper ion removal from dilute solutions using ultrasonically synthesised BSA- and EWP-coated air bubbles." Separation and Purification Technology 132 (August 2014): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2014.05.025.
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Atwood, David, and Amarjit Soni. "General analysis of B decays to two pseudoscalars for EWP, rescattering and color suppression effects." Physics Letters B 466, no. 2-4 (November 1999): 326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(99)01086-2.
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Sojiphan, Kittichai. "Microstructure Characterization of Pure Tungsten Electrodes Used in Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Aluminum Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 728 (January 2017): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.728.91.
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Autogenous gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) using different non-consumable pure tungsten electrodes (EWP) from eight different manufacturers was performed on aluminum alloy 5083 samples. Due to the limited literatures of how tungsten microstructure may affect the weld quality, this paper attempts to investigate the change in microstructure of tungsten electrode after welding compared to the original microstructure in as-received condition. The scanning electron micrograph results reveal different grain shapes and sizes and also different grain growth rate during welding. It was found that the ability to control the grain growth or limit grain size within the balled end of pure tungsten electrode during aluminum welding plays a very important role in determining the quality of the electrode and how long the electrode would last.
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Palmeri, S., J. Bergh, L. Bergmann, S. W. Hansen, J. M. Moraleda, M. Marty, J. H. Schellens, et al. "The European Medicines Agency (EMEA) guideline on oncology drug development." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 6636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.6636.
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6636 Background: The scientific assessment and positive opinion of the EMEA is mandatory for the approval of new oncology drugs in the European Union. One of the tasks of the EMEA is to provide guidance on the conduct of the various tests and trials necessary for approval. The EMEA has recently revised its guideline on the clinical development of new anticancer drugs. The revised version includes specific guidance on the development of non-cytotoxic (i.e., cytostatic) agents ( http://www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/human/ewp/020595en.pdf ). Specific guidance is given about methodological issues using progression-free survival (PFS) as primary endpoint in confirmatory trials for registration ( http://www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/human/ewp/26757506en.pdf ). Methods: The key elements of the revised guideline are described with particular reference to requirements for approval. Results: The early stages of clinical drug development have to be tailored according to the assumed pharmacology of the individual compound as defined in non-clinical studies. The integration of information from exploratory (phase I-II) and confirmatory (phase III) studies is of primary importance. In general, phase III trials should be designed with the aim of establishing the benefit risk balance of the drug, in a well-characterized target population. These studies should be randomized controlled and, where possible, blinded or include blinded evaluation. Acceptable primary endpoints include overall survival (OS) and PFS or disease-free survival (DFS). It is acknowledged that there are situations where PFS can be considered as a primary endpoint that measures clinical benefit. Adherence to protocol-defined schedules for tumor assessments, typically by imaging techniques, is important and deviations should be reported. Independent, blinded review and confirmation of best tumor response and progression should be undertaken if PFS is the primary endpoint. Conclusions: The current revision of the EMEA guideline provides useful clinical regulatory guidance for the development of cytostatic agents. When recommended guidelines are considered suboptimal, sponsors are encouraged to seek regulatory scientific advice. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Köstekli Büyükcan, Mine, and Sibel Karakaya. "Comparison of some functional properties and protein profiles of different protein sources with egg components." Italian Journal of Food Science 33, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/ijfs.v33i2.2055.
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Emulsifying and foaming properties of plant and animal-sourced proteins; wheat protein hydrolysates (WP1, WP2, and WP3), potato protein isolates (PP1, PP2), pea proteins isolates (PeP1, PeP2), whey protein concentrate (WPC), and buttermilk powder (BMP) were compared with the egg white powder (EWP) and egg yolk powder (EYP). Foaming capacity, stability, emulsion activity, stability, heat stability, morphology, and electrophoretic protein profiles were determined. The proteins representing competitive emulsifying functions were PeP1, WPC, and BMP. Heat treatment for 30 min at 80°C remarkably reduced the emulsion activity (EA) of EYP. Our findings demonstrated that patatin-rich potato protein (PP1), an allergen-free and vegan option, has great potential to replace the foaming function of the egg white. The relationship between the protein profiles of the samples and their functional properties was further discussed in detail.
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Raikhanova, D. K., and G. M. Kassymova. "FORMATION OF PROFESSIONALLY-ORIENTED COMPETENCE IN TEACHING ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES FOR CHEMISTRY - BIOLOGY STUDENTS." BULLETIN Series of Pedagogical Sciences 65, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-1.1728-5496.22.
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English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is categorized into two main classification areas English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and English for Occupational Purposes (EOP). In this article authors briefly describe the differences between these two sub-branches of ESP. At the same time this article deals with the implementing English for Academic Purposes (EAP) in teaching Combined Major Program 6B015002 ‘Chemistry and Biology’ at Suleyman Demirel University (SDU). Some of higher-leveled students like to enhance their comprehension of Academic English. Thus, EAP course was introduced to meet higher-leveled students’ academic and professional interests. The main purpose of the EAP course was to provide learners with all basic abilities to conduct research and generate a piece of extended writing in their own subjectspecific area. Students not only needed to work on their study skills such as techniques, note-taking, and compiling bibliography, but also on acquiring study competencies which involved development of critical questioning, allocating the tasks, compiling an abstract book, and organizing conference skills
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ROMAGNUOLO, Anna. "Challenges and Opportunities of Developing an ESP University Course without a Textbook – a multiple case study." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 6 (June 14, 2020): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.76.8362.
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The growing demand for ESP courses, due not only to the use of English as a lingua franca in a globalized professional world but also to the relatively recent requirements of “internationalized” university degrees, has made the teaching of English for Special Purposes, with the areas and the language teaching approaches (EOP, EAP, EVP) it has come to include, increasingly reliant on the use of specialized EFL textbooks. However, the ESP books available in the market still might not cover all the non-linguistic specialized university disciplines, or they might be too costly and time-consuming for short, elective, and pass/fail EFL courses worth few ECTS credits.This paper will report on the author’s experience of teaching a University Business Communication course without the use of textbooks, and with significant resort to online free educational resources and “non-desktop” technologies, materials and tools, which have also been exploited to involve students in the preparation of flipped lessons and the creation of their own educational material. The course-specific features and students’ outcomes, especially in terms of competence and skill development, will be described with a brief analysis of the pros and cons of transforming a formal educational setting in an informal language learning experience.
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Spina, Michele, Paolo Mazzei, Simone Baldini, Marta Pedretti, Enrica Mezzalana, Mariagiuseppa Matera, Silvia Manunta, et al. "Febuxostat Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Bridging from Adults to Pediatrics for Effective Prophylaxis of Tumor Lysis Syndrome: From Florence to Floret Study." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 4868. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.4868.4868.
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Abstract Background Febuxostat, a potent and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor, showed a significantly superior serum uric acid (sUA) control during chemotherapy (CT) in comparison to Allopurinol (Spina M. et al, ASCO 2014 and Annals of Oncology in press) when given as 120 mg oral fixed daily dosed and has been recently approved in the European Union (EU) for the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia in adult patients undergoing CT for hematologic malignancies (HM) at intermediate- high Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) risk, with recognition of the high relevance of its clinical benefit. Some pediatric HM are highly prone to develop TLS; an age-appropriate drug formulation for TLS prophylaxis is lacking in this population, resulting in an unmet medical need that Febuxostat is going to address. The similarities between adult and pediatric patients in terms of TLS pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and current management allow using pharmacokinetic (PK) information to extrapolate clinical efficacy and safety from adult to pediatric patients, as well as within the different pediatric ages (EMEA/CHMP/EWP/147013/2004). Methods A phase I/II study (Floret) has been designed to explore the PK/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profile of Febuxostat in the pediatric population in comparison to adults. Febuxostat daily dose will be 120 mg for adolescents and adults with a lower 80 mg dose to be administered to adolescents only, to obtain confirmatory data on the optimal exposure in terms of safety and effectiveness compared to adults. Considering the difference in body size and organ maturation, the selected daily doses of Febuxostat to be tested in children aged 6 to 11 years are 40 and 60 mg. As the only approved strengths of Febuxostat in the EU are 80 and 120 mg, an age-appropriate 20 mg tablet formulation of Febuxostat is developed to ensure the adequate dosing in children. In accordance to the European Medicines Agency Guidelines CHMP/EWP/147013/2004 and CHMP/EWP/18599/2006, the choice of population PK analysis, using non-linear mixed effect models, is considered appropriate to obtain the necessary precision of PK parameters estimates for the comparability assessment between the groups of patients. The PD/efficacy measurement, namely the sUA area under curve from baseline to the evaluation visit, corresponding to the primary efficacy measure explored during the Florence study, a Phase III comparative trial in adults vs Allopurinol (Spina M et al, ASCO 2014), together with the exposure data will abridge the efficacy results from the Florence to the Floret study and will confirm that potential PK deviation, if any, is of no clinical relevance. Conclusion: The present PK/PD approach allows reducing the number of blood samples from each patient, in particular the lowest aged pediatric patients, while replacing a conventionally designed PK study and a robust sized Phase III study in pediatrics. By bridging PK/PD data, the Floret study not only will allow Febuxostat to rapidly address an unmet medical need in a vulnerable population, but it offers a model - whenever applicable - to be adopted to accelerate new drugs availability to the pediatric population while fully complying with regulatory requirements and minimize the number of patients in clinical trials. Disclosures Spina: Menarini Ricerche SpA: Consultancy. Off Label Use: Febuxostat in pediatric Tumor lysis syndrome. Mazzei:Menarini Ricerche SpA: Employment. Baldini:Menarini Ricerche SpA: Employment. Pedretti:Menarini Ricerche SpA: Employment. Mezzalana:Menarini Ricerche SpA: Employment. Matera:Menarini Ricerche SpA: Employment. Manunta:Menarini Ricerche SpA: Employment. Calamai:Menarini Ricerche SpA: Employment. Scordari:Menarini Ricerche SpA: Employment. Scartoni:Menarini Ricerche SpA: Employment. Capriati:Menarini Ricerche SpA: Employment. Simonelli:Menarini Ricerche SpA: Employment.
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Khan, Tariq, Hamideh Nouri, Martijn Booij, Arjen Hoekstra, Hizbullah Khan, and Ihsan Ullah. "Water Footprint, Blue Water Scarcity, and Economic Water Productivity of Irrigated Crops in Peshawar Basin, Pakistan." Water 13, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091249.
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Pakistan possesses the fourth largest irrigation network in the world, serving 20.2 million hectares of cultivated land. With an increasing irrigated area, Pakistan is short of freshwater resources and faces severe water scarcity and food security challenges. This is the first comprehensive study on the water footprint (WF) of crop production in Peshawar Basin. WF is defined as the volume of freshwater required to produce goods and services. In this study, we assessed the blue and green water footprints (WFs) and annual blue and green water consumption of major crops (maize, rice, tobacco, wheat, barley, sugarcane, and sugar beet) in Peshawar Basin, Pakistan. The Global Water Footprint Assessment Standard (GWFAS) and AquaCrop model were used to model the daily WF of each crop from 1986 to 2015. In addition, the blue water scarcity, in the context of available surface water, and economic water productivity (EWP) of these crops were assessed. The 30 year average blue and green WFs of major crops revealed that maize had the highest blue and green WFs (7077 and 2744 m3/ton, respectively) and sugarcane had the lowest blue and green WFs (174 and 45 m3/ton, respectively). The average annual consumption of blue water by major crops in the basin was 1.9 billion m3, where 67% was used for sugarcane and maize, covering 48% of the cropland. The average annual consumption of green water was 1.0 billion m3, where 68% was used for wheat and sugarcane, covering 67% of the cropland. The WFs of all crops exceeded the global average. The results showed that annually the basin is supplied with 30 billion m3 of freshwater. Annually, 3 billion m3 of freshwater leaves the basin unutilized. The average annual blue water consumption by major crops is 31% of the total available surface water (6 billion m3) in the basin. Tobacco and sugar beet had the highest blue and green EWP while wheat and maize had the lowest. The findings of this study can help the water management authorities in formulating a comprehensive policy for efficient utilization of available water resources in Peshawar Basin.
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Leggate, William, Robert L. McGavin, Chuang Miao, Andrew Outhwaite, Kerri Chandra, Jack Dorries, Chandan Kumar, and Mark Knackstedt. "The influence of mechanical surface preparation methods on southern pine and spotted gum wood properties: Wettability and permeability." BioResources 15, no. 4 (September 23, 2020): 8554–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.4.8554-8576.
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The demand for engineered wood products (EWPs) continues to rise internationally. However, for some important Australian commercial timbers such as plantation grown southern pine and native forest sourced spotted gum, a major impediment to achieving commercially viable EWP production is difficulties experienced in gluing – particularly for sawn laminate based EWPs such as glulam. Wettability and permeability have a major influence on wood adhesion. This study investigated the efficacy of different surface machining preparations on the wettability and permeability of southern pine and spotted gum. For both species, planing resulted in poor wettability, whereas face milling and sanding treatments post-planing improved wettability. Wettability increased in southern pine earlywood compared to latewood; and wettability decreased for both species with increased time post-surface machining. Planing resulted in the highest permeability for southern pine but the lowest permeability for spotted gum. Face milling resulted in higher permeability compared to sanding treatments.
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Xu, Wei, Hai Bin Wang, and Tao Xiang. "A Comparison of Gelling Properties Stability of Dry-Heating and Maillard-Type Egg White Proteins." Advanced Materials Research 1095 (March 2015): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.287.
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Gelling properties stability of the Maillard-type and dry-heating egg white proteins (MEW and DEW) were investigated. MEW were prepared by storing sugar-preserved egg white proteins and glucose at 60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 2 days, and DEW were prepared by storing at 80°C in dry state (7.5% moisture content) for 7 days. The results showed that both MEW and DEW have excellent gelling properties. After storage at room temperature for 180 days, gel hardness, spring and cohesiveness of MEW increased by 1.92%, 1.89% and 4.24% respectively, water holding capacity of MEW gel decreased by 1.42%, while storage time had a considerable effect on those of DEW gels. A tight and more uniform network with constant stability in the course of storage was observed in the gel of MEW (500×), while gaps in EWP gel network were larger and the gel texture became looser with storage time. The results demonstrated that gelling properties stability of MEW is better than DEW.
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Kim, Ju Yon. "The Narrator as Dubious Witness: Adapting And the Soul Shall Dance for the Stage." Theatre Survey 57, no. 2 (April 13, 2016): 242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557416000090.
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Staged by East West Players in 1977, Wakako Yamauchi's And the Soul Shall Dance became one of the company's most successful and critically acclaimed productions. The drama launched Yamauchi's career as a playwright and helped East West Players (EWP) develop a strong audience base in the Japanese American community in southern California. Set in the 1930s in California's Imperial Valley, the play opens with the Japanese American Murata family surveying the damage caused by the accidental burning of their bathhouse. When the father (referred to only as “Murata” in the play) suggests that they might simply use the tub standing in the midst of razed walls, his wife Hana protests, “Everyone in the country can see us!” Murata quickly dismisses her concerns: “Who? Who'll see us? You think everyone in the country waits to watch us take a bath?” (157). Hana's uneasiness nevertheless injects a fear of scrutiny into the first scene of the play and turns those in the audience into the voyeurs whom she fears.