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Hellqvist, Olof. "Förstudie till införandet av centralt loggsystem hos Försvarsmakten." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-7885.
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Modern IT systems tend to become more and more complex, while the number of active systems in companies increases. Furthermore, the number of security-related incidents is at an all-time high. These new conditions impose new demands on organizations. For example, it is no longer possible to manually collect and examine the systems log messages. The purpose of this thesis has been to make a comprehensive study of solutions for automated collecting and managing of log messages, analyze the Swedish Armed Forces specification for solutions for central log collection and management, and evaluating exis- ting solutions. The work consisted primarily of literature studies and evaluations of two of the Swedish Armed Forces of selected products: NetIQ Security Manager and Splunk. The conclusion was that neither of the two products met the non-optional requirements posed by the specification. I personally think that the Swedish Armed Forces’ requirements specification for the central log management is far too strict and should hence be revised. A number of requirements in the current specification can be removed. Other requirements should be reformulated and/or re-evaluated.Moderna IT-system tenderar att bli mer och mer komplexa, samtidigt som antalet ak- tiva system i ett fo ̈retag o ̈kar. Vidare a ̈r antalet sa ̈kerhetsrelaterade incidenter ho ̈gre a ̈n n ̊agonsin. Dessa nya omsta ̈ndigheter sta ̈ller nya krav p ̊a organisationer. Exempelvis a ̈r det inte la ̈ngre mo ̈jligt att manuellt samla in och granska systemens loggmeddelanden. Avsikten med den ha ̈r uppsatsen har varit att go ̈r en o ̈vergripande granskning av lo ̈sningar fo ̈r automatisk insamling och analys av loggmeddelanden, analysera de krav som Fo ̈rsvarsmakten sta ̈ller p ̊a lo ̈sningar fo ̈r central logghantering, samt utva ̈rdera befintliga lo ̈sningar. Arbetet bestod huvudsakligen av litteraturstudier samt utva ̈rderingar av tv ̊a av Fo ̈rsvarsmakten utvalda produkter: NetIQ Security Manager och Splunk. Slutsatsen blev att ingen av de tv ̊a produkterna uppfyller Fo ̈rsvarsmaktens samtliga krav fo ̈r central logghantering. Personligen anser jag att Fo ̈rsvarsmaktens kravspecifikation fo ̈r central logg- hantering a ̈r fo ̈r strikt och bo ̈r omarbetas. Ett antal krav i den nuvarande specifikationen kan med fo ̈rdel tas bort. Andra krav bo ̈r omformuleras och/eller omva ̈rderas.
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Vargues, Ângela Cristina Matias Correia. "Da ideia ao projecto - uma abordagem à arte contemporânea em EVT." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/6343.
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Mestrado em Criação Artística e ContemporâneaAs sucessivas transformações que caraterizam a atualidade propõem novas configurações, onde o sistema educativo desempenha um dos mais importantes papéis, procurando dar resposta às necessidades que vão surgindo ao longo dos tempos. A procura de novas práticas e metodologias é uma constante, tentando acompanhar a quantidade de informação e a facilidade de acesso ao conhecimento. A diversidade de recursos e o cruzamento de várias disciplinas apresentam-se como componentes deste processo, a que designamos contemporâneo. Este estudo coloca a importância da Educação Artística através de uma abordagem à arte contemporânea, na disciplina de Educação Visual e Tecnológica. Foi elaborado através do desenvolvimento de um projeto, organizado em três Momentos, que visa aproximar diferentes linguagens. Exploram-se novas possibilidades a utilizar em contexto educativo, promovendo uma aprendizagem significativa, em que os alunos resolvem na prática o seu processo de descoberta. É uma proposta que pretende ressituar a exploração da disciplina no contexto atual. O Meio surge como o dispositivo para desenvolver olhares diferentes a partir do habitual, em que se valoriza o processo de experimentação para desenvolver nos alunos o seu sentido estético e artístico.
The successive transformations that characterize the current days propose new patterns, where the education system plays a major role, seeking to give an answer to the needs that arise over time. The search for new methodologies and practices is relentless and tries to follow to the amount of information and the ease access to knowledge. The diversity of resources and the meeting of numerous subjects are components of this process, which is called contemporary. This study raises the importance of Arts Education through an approach to contemporary art in the school subject of Visual and Technological Education. It was prepared in a three-moment project, which aims to bring together different languages. It explores new possibilities to develop in an educational context that encourages significant learning in which students give answers to their on-going discovery process. It is a proposal that intends to resituate the exploration of the subject Visual and Technological Education in the current context. The Environment rises as a device that, from the usual, develops different looks, in which the experimentation process is central to grow students artistic and aesthetic sense.
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McEwan, Peter Gareth Fredric. "The GARCH-EVT-Copula model and simulation in scenario-based asset allocation." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11732.
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Financial market integration, in particular, portfolio allocations from advanced economies to South African markets, continues to strengthen volatility linkages and quicken volatility transmissions between participating markets. Largely as a result, South African portfolios are net recipients of returns and volatility shocks emanating from major world markets. In light of these, and other, sources of risk, this dissertation proposes a methodology to improve risk management systems in funds by building a contemporary asset allocation framework that offers practitioners an opportunity to explicitly model combinations of hypothesised global risks and the effects on their investments. The framework models portfolio return variables and their key risk driver variables separately and then joins them to model their combined dependence structure. The separate modelling of univariate and multivariate (MV) components admits the benefit of capturing the data generating processes with improved accuracy. Univariate variables were modelled using ARMA-GARCH-family structures paired with a variety of skewed and leptokurtic conditional distributions. Model residuals were fit using the Peaks-over-Threshold method from Extreme Value Theory for the tails and a non-parametric, kernel density for the interior, forming a completed semi-parametric distribution (SPD) for each variable. Asset and risk factor returns were then combined and their dependence structure jointly modelled with a MV Student t copula. Finally, the SPD margins and Student t copula were used to construct a MV meta t distribution. Monte Carlo simulations were generated from the fitted MV meta t distribution on which an out-of-sample test was conducted. The 2014-to-2015 horizon served to proxy as an out-of-sample, forward-looking scenario for a set of key risk factors against which a hypothetical, diversified portfolio was optimised. Traditional mean-variance and contemporary mean-CVaR optimisation techniques were used and their results compared. As an addendum, performance over the in-sample 2008 financial crisis was reported. The final Objective (7) addressed management and conservation strategies for the NMBM. The NMBM wetland database that was produced during this research is currently being used by the Municipality and will be added to the latest National Wetland Map. From the database, and tools developed in this research, approximately 90 wetlands have been identified as being highly vulnerable due to anthropogenic and environmental factors (Chapter 6) and should be earmarked as key conservation priority areas. Based on field experience and data collected, this study has also made conservation and rehabilitation recommendations for eight locations. Recommendations are also provided for six more wetland systems (or regions) that should be prioritised for further research, as these systems lack fundamental information on where the threat of anthropogenic activities affecting them is greatest. This study has made a significant contribution to understanding the underlying geomorphological processes in depressions, seeps and wetland flats. The desktop mapping component of this study illustrated the dominance of wetlands in the wetter parts of the Municipality. Perched wetland systems were identified in the field, on shallow bedrock, calcrete or clay. The prevalence of these perches in depressions, seeps and wetland flats also highlighted the importance of rainfall in driving wetland formation, by allowing water to pool on these perches, in the NMBM. These perches are likely to be a key factor in the high number of small, ephemeral wetlands that were observed in the study area, compared to other semi-arid regions. Therefore, this research highlights the value of multi-faceted and multi-scalar wetland research and how similar approaches should be used in future research methods has been highlighted. The approach used, along with the tools/methods developed in this study have facilitated the establishment of priority areas for conservation and management within the NMBM. Furthermore, the research approach has revealed emergent wetland properties that are only apparent when looking at different spatial scales. This research has highlighted the complex biological and geomorphological interactions between wetlands that operate over various spatial and temporal scales. As such, wetland management should occur across a wetland complex, rather than individual sites, to account for these multi-scalar influences.
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Lindholm, Dennis. "On Value-at-Risk and the more extreme : A study on quantitative market risk measurements." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-256173.
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Inline with the third pillar of the Basel accords, quantitative market risk measurements are investigate and evaluated comparing JP Morgan’s RiskMetrics and Bollerslev’s GARCH with the Peek over Threshold and Block Maxima approaches from the Extreme Value Theory framework. Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall (Conditional Value-at-Risk), with 95% and 99% confidence, is predicted for 25 years of the OMXS30. The study finds Bollerslev’s suggested t distribution to be a more appropriate distributional assumption, but no evidence to prefer the GARCH to the RiskMetrics. The more demanding Extreme Value Theory procedures trail behind as they are found wasteful of data and more difficult to backtest and therefore evaluate.
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Berning, Thomas Louw. "Improved estimation procedures for a positive extreme value index." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5260.
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Thesis (PhD (Statistics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In extreme value theory (EVT) the emphasis is on extreme (very small or very large) observations. The crucial parameter when making inferences about extreme quantiles, is called the extreme value index (EVI). This thesis concentrates on only the right tail of the underlying distribution (extremely large observations), and specifically situations where the EVI is assumed to be positive. A positive EVI indicates that the underlying distribution of the data has a heavy right tail, as is the case with, for example, insurance claims data. There are numerous areas of application of EVT, since there are a vast number of situations in which one would be interested in predicting extreme events accurately. Accurate prediction requires accurate estimation of the EVI, which has received ample attention in the literature from a theoretical as well as practical point of view. Countless estimators of the EVI exist in the literature, but the practitioner has little information on how these estimators compare. An extensive simulation study was designed and conducted to compare the performance of a wide range of estimators, over a wide range of sample sizes and distributions. A new procedure for the estimation of a positive EVI was developed, based on fitting the perturbed Pareto distribution (PPD) to observations above a threshold, using Bayesian methodology. Attention was also given to the development of a threshold selection technique. One of the major contributions of this thesis is a measure which quantifies the stability (or rather instability) of estimates across a range of thresholds. This measure can be used to objectively obtain the range of thresholds over which the estimates are most stable. It is this measure which is used for the purpose of threshold selection for the proposed PPD estimator. A case study of five insurance claims data sets illustrates how data sets can be analyzed in practice. It is shown to what extent discretion can/should be applied, as well as how different estimators can be used in a complementary fashion to give more insight into the nature of the data and the extreme tail of the underlying distribution. The analysis is carried out from the point of raw data, to the construction of tables which can be used directly to gauge the risk of the insurance portfolio over a given time frame.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die veld van ekstreemwaardeteorie (EVT) is bemoeid met ekstreme (baie klein of baie groot) waarnemings. Die parameter wat deurslaggewend is wanneer inferensies aangaande ekstreme kwantiele ter sprake is, is die sogenaamde ekstreemwaarde-indeks (EVI). Hierdie verhandeling konsentreer op slegs die regterstert van die onderliggende verdeling (baie groot waarnemings), en meer spesifiek, op situasies waar aanvaar word dat die EVI positief is. ’n Positiewe EVI dui aan dat die onderliggende verdeling ’n swaar regterstert het, wat byvoorbeeld die geval is by versekeringseis data. Daar is verskeie velde waar EVT toegepas word, aangesien daar ’n groot aantal situasies is waarin mens sou belangstel om ekstreme gebeurtenisse akkuraat te voorspel. Akkurate voorspelling vereis die akkurate beraming van die EVI, wat reeds ruim aandag in die literatuur geniet het, uit beide teoretiese en praktiese oogpunte. ’n Groot aantal beramers van die EVI bestaan in die literatuur, maar enige persoon wat die toepassing van EVT in die praktyk beoog, het min inligting oor hoe hierdie beramers met mekaar vergelyk. ’n Uitgebreide simulasiestudie is ontwerp en uitgevoer om die akkuraatheid van beraming van ’n groot verskeidenheid van beramers in die literatuur te vergelyk. Die studie sluit ’n groot verskeidenheid van steekproefgroottes en onderliggende verdelings in. ’n Nuwe prosedure vir die beraming van ’n positiewe EVI is ontwikkel, gebaseer op die passing van die gesteurde Pareto verdeling (PPD) aan waarnemings wat ’n gegewe drempel oorskrei, deur van Bayes tegnieke gebruik te maak. Aandag is ook geskenk aan die ontwikkeling van ’n drempelseleksiemetode. Een van die hoofbydraes van hierdie verhandeling is ’n maatstaf wat die stabiliteit (of eerder onstabiliteit) van beramings oor verskeie drempels kwantifiseer. Hierdie maatstaf bied ’n objektiewe manier om ’n gebied (versameling van drempelwaardes) te verkry waaroor die beramings die stabielste is. Dit is hierdie maatstaf wat gebruik word om drempelseleksie te doen in die geval van die PPD beramer. ’n Gevallestudie van vyf stelle data van versekeringseise demonstreer hoe data in die praktyk geanaliseer kan word. Daar word getoon tot watter mate diskresie toegepas kan/moet word, asook hoe verskillende beramers op ’n komplementêre wyse ingespan kan word om meer insig te verkry met betrekking tot die aard van die data en die stert van die onderliggende verdeling. Die analise word uitgevoer vanaf die punt waar slegs rou data beskikbaar is, tot op die punt waar tabelle saamgestel is wat direk gebruik kan word om die risiko van die versekeringsportefeulje te bepaal oor ’n gegewe periode.
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Bramstång, Philip, and Richard Hermanson. "Extreme value theory with Markov chain Monte Carlo - an automated process for EVT in finance." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-172970.
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The purpose of this thesis was to create an automated procedure for estimating financial risk using extreme value theory (EVT). The "peaks over threshold" (POT) result from EVT was chosen for modelling the tails of the distribution of financial returns. The main difficulty with POT is choosing a convergence threshold above which the data points are regarded as extreme events and modelled using a limit distribution. It was investigated how risk measures are affected by variations in this threshold and it was deemed that fixed-threshold models are inadequate in the context of few relevant data points, as is often the case in EVT applications. A model for automatic threshold weighting was proposed and shows promise. Moreover, the choice of Bayesian vs frequentist inference, with focus on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) vs maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), was investigated with regards to EVT applications, favoring Bayesian inference and MCMC. Two MCMC algorithms, independence Metropolis (IM) and automated factor slice sampler (AFSS), were analyzed and improved in order to increase performance of the final procedure. Lastly, the effects of a reference prior and a prior based on expert opinion were compared and exemplified for practical applications in finance.Syftet med detta examensarbete var att utveckla en automatisk process för uppskattning av finansiell risk med hjälp av extremvärdesteori. "Peaks over threshold" (POT) valdes som metod för att modellera extrempunkter i avkastningsdata. Den stora svårigheten med POT är att välja ett tröskelvärde för konvergens, över vilket alla datapunkter betraktas som extrema och modelleras med en gränsvärdesdistribution. Detta tröskelvärdes påverkan på olika riskmått undersöktes, med slutsatsen att modeller med fast tröskelvärde är olämpliga om datamängden är liten, vilket ofta är fallet i tillämpade extremvärdesmetoder.En modell för viktning av tröskelvärden presenterades och uppvisade lovande resultat. Därtill undersöktes valet mellan Bayesiansk och frekventisk inferens, med fokus på skillnaden mellan Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) och maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), när det kommer till applicerad extremvärdesteori. Bayesiansk inferens och MCMC bedömdes vara bättre, och två MCMC-algoritmer; independence Metropolis (IM) och automated factor slice sampler (AFSS), analyserades och förbättrades för använding i den automatiska processen. Avslutningsvis jämfördes effekterna av olika apriori sannolikhetsfördelningar (priors) på processens slutresultat. En svagt informativ referensprior jämfördes med en starkt informativ prior baserad på expertutlåtanden.
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Ramalho, Diogo Ricardo Vieira. "Predictive performance of value-at-risk models: Covid-19 “Pandemonium”." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20949.
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Mestrado em Mathematical FinanceAtualmente, os modelos Value-at-Risk (VaR), têm um papel muito importante a nível dos Mercados Financeiros, sendo uma das ferramentas mais utilizadas, por analistas financeiros, para gestão e estimação de risco de mercado. Nesta tese, três métodos de estimação de VaR, nomeadamente o método de Simulação Histórica, GARCH(1,1) e o método EVT-POT Dinâmico, foram aplicados. O propósito deste trabalho é estimar modelos VaR para os países: EUA, França, Alemanha, Itália, Japão, Reino Unido, China, Espanha e Portugal, com um intervalo de tempo desde 1 de Janeiro de 2007 até 31 de Agosto de 2020 e um nível de confiança de 99%. Estas estimações serão então testadas por via Backtest, permitindo identificar quando ocorreram a maioria das falhas, e se estas ocorreram em períodos normais ou de crise (por exemplo, a Pandemia COVID-19). Adicionalmente, é estudado se existe alguma relação entre o número de mortos por país e o movimento dos retornos e da volatilidade dos índices de stocks. O modelo que mostrou ter maior precisão aquando da estimação de períodos de crise foi o EVT-POT dinâmico, sendo HS o modelo menos preciso. É possível observar que a maioria das falhas, causadas por observações incomuns, ocorreram durante os anos 2008, 2011, 2013, 2018 e 2020, que são considerados períodos de crise. Foi também possível concluir que o movimento dos índices de stocks é influenciado pelo aumento do número de mortes por COVID-19, mostrando assim que existe uma relação entre ambos (quando o número de mortes aumenta, os mercados tornam-se mais voláteis).
Nowadays, Value-at-Risk (VaR) models play a crucial role in Financial Markets, being one of the most widely risk management tools used by financial analysts, to estimate market risk. In this thesis, three widely used approaches to estimate VaR, namely Historical Simulation, GARCH(1,1) and Dynamic EVT-POT, were applied. We will estimate VaR models for the countries: USA, UK, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, China, Spain and Portugal with a time horizon from 1st of January of 2007 to 31st of August 2020. It was chosen a confidence level of 99%. These estimations will then be backtested, enabling a conclusion of when the majority of the exceedances happen in a "normal" period or in a crisis period (e.g. COVID-19 Pandemic). Further, it is studied if there is any relation between the mortality number in each country and the movement in returns or volatility of stock indices. The model that showed to be the most accurate when estimating crisis periods is Dynamic EVT-POT model. The model that showed less accuracy is the HS. It is possible to see that most of the exceedances, caused by outlier observations, occur during years 2008, 2011, 2013, 2018 and 2020 which are years known to be crisis periods. It was also possible to conclude that the movement in the stock indices is influenced with the increase in COVID-19 related deaths, showing therefore that there is some sort of relation between the two phenomena (when the number of deaths increase, the markets are more volatile).
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Wang, Jo-Yu. "Portfolio based VaR model : a combination of extreme value theory (EVT) and dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) model." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/348328/.
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This thesis fills a gap in the risk management literature and expands the understanding of the portfolio value at risk (VaR) by providing a theoretical market risk measurement of a portfolio (called “GEV-DCC model”), which combines the tail dynamic conditional correlation (tail-DCC) and extreme value theory. According to the spirit of VaR, the tail distribution is more important than the entire distribution, as well as the correlation in the tail area between various assets. The main advantage of this approach is the increase of accuracy in the parameter estimation of the tail distribution and more consistent correlation measurement for VaR. The results from this method are compared with four other conventional VaR approaches; GARCH model, RiskMetrics, stochastic volatility, and historical simulation. Furthermore, three quality measures are applied to evaluate the suitability, conservativeness, and magnitude of loss of the forecasted VaR, which offer more information from the forecasted VaR pattern. Applying 16 major equity index returns from developed and emerging markets, this study finds that the GEV-DCC model offers a more accurate coverage across the blocks in the three hypothetical portfolios (the developed equity markets, Asian and Latin American equity markets) compared with the four competing models. The uncovered rates of the GEV-DCC model with the 5-day block approach are generally close to the given probability (α) set in the VaR calculation. These consistent results can also be found in the robustness test with the shorter forecasting period. In the quality checks, the GEV-DCC presents a relatively stable pattern in the daily and 10-day VaR results. In addition, the GEV-DCC model also provides satisfactory results in the conservativeness and potential loss tests although no direct evidence indicates that it delivers the best result in these two checks. We also find significant differences between the original DCC and the tail-DCC. This evidence shows that the correlations between equity markets in the left tail are significantly higher than the ones in the right tail, and there are significant changes (generally rising) in the tail-DCC patterns around the period of financial crisis in the third quarter of 2008. The results from this study could potentially provide a critical reference for investors in measuring or managing the market risk.
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Katariya, Ashish Santosh. "Dynamic modeling and feedback control with mode-shifting of a two-mode electrically variable transmission." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45825.
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This thesis develops dynamic models for the two-mode FWD EVT, develops a control system based on those models that is capable of meeting driver torque demands and performing synchronous mode shifts between different EVT modes while also accommodating preferred engine operating points. The two-input two-output transmission controller proposed herein incorporates motor-generator dynamics, is based on a general state-space integral control structure, and has feedback gains determined using linear quadratic regulator (LQR) optimization.
Dynamic modeling of the vehicle is categorized as dynamic modeling of the mechanical and electrical subsystems where the mechanical subsystem consists of the planetary gear sets, the transmission and the engine whereas the electrical subsystem consists of the motor-generator units and the battery pack. A discussion of load torque is also considered as part of the mechanical subsystem. With the help of these derived dynamic models, a distinction is made between dynamic output torque and steady-state output torque.
The overall control system consisting of multiple subsystems such as the human driver, power management unit (PMU), friction brakes, combustion engine, transmission control unit (TCU) and motor-generator units is designed. The logic for synchronous mode shifts between different EVT modes is also detailed as part of the control system design. Finally, the thesis presents results for responses in individual operating modes, EVT mode shifting and a full UDDS drive cycle simulation.
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Martins, Tomás. "Concepção de uma comunidade de prática online : um estudo em torno da integração das TIC na disciplina de EVT." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/1292.
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Mestrado em Multimédia em EducaçãoAlguns estudos indicam que as TIC (Tecnologias da Informação eComunicação) ainda não são efectivamente utilizadas nos processos deensino e aprendizagem, e quando o são, o seu uso tem muitas vezessubjacente a perspectivas tradicionais de ensino. Muitos destes trabalhos sãogerais, pelo que se reconhece a necessidade da realização de estudos quepermitam conhecer realidades específicas. Considerando que o professor assume um papel fundamental na desejadamudança da escola, deve olhar-se a formação dos professores como um processo indissociável do seu próprio desenvolvimento pessoal, conciliando asnecessidades profissionais e os seus interesses pessoais. Uma possibilidade é promover essa formação no seio de CoP (Comunidades de Prática). Não havendo ao nosso conhecimento, estudos sobre as práticas de integraçãodas TIC na disciplina de EVT (Educação Visual e Tecnológica), nem que fundamentem a concepção de uma CoP (Comunidade de Prática) deprofessores de EVT, com o presente estudo, pretende-se: i) conhecer as práticas e atitudes dos professores de EVT no que concerne à integração dasTIC nas suas aulas; ii) colher informações que permitam definir as condições necessárias à emergência de uma CoP online, onde os seus membros possam desenvolver competências profissionais através da partilha e da construçãoconjunta de conhecimento. Com estes objectivos em mente, planeámos eimplementámos um estudo exploratório-descritivo, pois pretendia-se conhecer as aptidões dos professores inquiridos para integrarem uma CoP onlinee descrever a realidade actual relativamente ao uso das TIC. Na fase empíricaforam utilizados dois instrumentos de recolha de dados. Num primeiro momento, recorreu-se a um inquérito por questionário, aplicado aosprofessores que leccionam EVT nas escolas pertencentes aos concelhos deAlbergaria-a-Velha, Aveiro, Estarreja, Ílhavo e Vagos. Concluído estelevantamento inicial, procedeu-se à preparação e concretização de entrevistas em grupos de enfoque, com o propósito de se explorarem algumas questõesque emergiram da análise feita aos dados obtidos através do questionárioinicial e recolher informações de suporte à concepção de uma CoP online. Os resultados obtidos vão ao encontro de grande parte das conclusões deoutros estudos de maior amplitude e de carácter geral. Os dados evidenciamuma baixa utilização das TIC em interacção directa com os alunos, mas umagrande utilização para fins administrativos, gestão pedagógica e para fins pessoais. Um dos produtos do estudo concretizou-se na elaboração de um “Dossier de concepção de uma CoP online, de professores de EVT”. A partir dos dados colhidos e das indicações da bibliografia consultada, foi possível definir algumas condições consideradas potenciadoras da emergência de umaCoP online, centrada na problemática da integração das TIC na disciplina deEVT. ABSTRACT: Some researches point out that Information Technology isn’t being effectivelyapplied in the teaching and learning process and when that happens it is usedin a traditional perspective of teaching. Many of those works remain general and thereforethere’s a need to develop studies that acknowledge specificrealities. Baring in mind that the teacher plays a fundamental role in the so desiredschool change, people should regard teachers’ vocational training as an intrinsic process to the individual development, associating their professionalneeds with their personal interests. One of the possibilities is promoting that training within the CoP (Communities of Practice). As we aren’t acquainted with researches on strategies that apply InformationTechnology practices to EVT (Educação Visual e Tecnológica), or researches on grounds to conceive a CoP (Community of Practice) with EVT teachers, thisthesis aims to: acknowledge EVT teacher’s points of view as far as the use of Information Technology in their classes is concerned. On the other hand this work also intends to acquire data that allow us define the required conditions to create an online CoP, where its members may develop professional skills by sharing information and building knowledge together. In order to reach our purposes, we planned and put in practise a research thatwas not only descriptive but also analytic because we wanted to know theinterviewed teachers’ proficiencies to take part in an online CoP and describe the present situation about the use of Information Technology in class. In a first phase two instruments were used to collect data: a survey andinterviews. The survey had a questionnaire, which was submittedto EVT teachers in schools situated in the areas of Albergaria-a-Velha, Aveiro, Estarreja, Ílhavo and Vagos. After the survey, we prepared and carried out the interviews, which had twomain purposes: enlighten and clarify some issues that emerged from theanalysis of the data included in the surveys and gather information will justifyand support the creation of an online CoP. The conclusions obtained from this work are very similar to those of the otherresearches that had a wider and more general outlook. The conclusions show that teachers don’t use Information Technology to interact directly with thestudents, but they use it for other purposes: administrative ends, pedagogicalmanagement and personal interests. This work also includes a file named “Dossier de concepção de uma CoP online, de professores de EVT”. From the gathered information and from some suggestions given by the bibliography, it was possible to determine someconditions that show the necessity to set off an online CoP focusing on the useof Information Technology in the EVT class.
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Rodrigues, José Alberto Braga. "Brinquedos ópticos e animatrope em contexto de EVT: estudo de casos sobre a aprendizagem da imagem em movimento no 2º CEB." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/5000.
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Mestrado em Multimédia em EducaçãoEm contexto educativo, a utilização das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação ocupam um lugar cada vez mais importante nas nossas escolas, especialmente na disciplina de Educação Visual e Tecnológica, de carácter eminentemente prático. Consequentemente, estimula um interesse cada vez maior na adopção de metodologias e estratégias com recurso a materiais multimédia interactivos que suportem uma aprendizagem mais eficaz e motivadora. Neste contexto, o presente estudo é o resultado duma investigação realizada no ano lectivo 2003/2004 sobre a problemática acima mencionada. O principal objectivo era saber se os alunos que trabalham com o suporte tradicional (papel) e um software educativo conseguem uma aprendizagem mais eficaz do conteúdo “movimento” do que aqueles que trabalham com apenas um dos suportes. Além disso, procuramos saber até que ponto a utilização do “Animatrope” facilitará a aprendizagem deste conteúdo. Este estudo envolveu três turmas do 5º ano de escolaridade (num total de 63 alunos) na área de exploração de animação e da imagem em movimento. Uma turma trabalhou apenas com os brinquedos ópticos tradicionais em papel. Outra turma usou o software “Animatrope” e por fim, a outra, utilizou ambos os métodos. As 12 sessões, de 90 minutos cada, decorreram na sala de aula de Educação Visual e Tecnológica. Os alunos que trabalharam com ambos os suportes foram divididos (em grupos pares e ímpares), alternando a ordem de trabalho em cada suporte. Todo o trabalho desenvolvido foi realizado individualmente ou em pares, de acordo com a tipologia das actividades planificadas. O efeito do tratamento sobre o processo da aprendizagem do conteúdo “movimento” foi analisado através de pré e pós-testes. O professor das turmas foi também o investigador. Para a recolha de dados utilizámos as técnicas de observação directa e participante, suportadas por registos de observação do trabalho realizado e interacções ocorridas na turma, registos em diário de bordo, os trabalhos realizados pelos alunos nas diversas sessões de trabalho e registos vídeo de todas as sessões, para posterior análise. Os resultados deste estudo revelaram não haver diferenças significativas nos testes realizados, após abordagem do conteúdo com idêntica estratégia utilizada nas aulas para todos os grupos. No entanto, após a diferenciação de estratégias e recursos utilizados, houve uma diferença significativa favorável ao grupo que trabalhou com ambos os suportes. O mesmo resultado não se confirmou nos grupos que trabalharam com apenas um deles. Os resultados também sugerem que os alunos que trabalharam com ambos os suportes conseguiram uma aprendizagem mais eficiente do conteúdo, apesar de terem efectivamente menos tempo para a conclusão dos trabalhos devido à mudança de suporte. Os resultados foram influenciados pela diversificação de recursos e múltiplas experiências de aprendizagem. Apresentam-se, ainda, sugestões para estudos futuros.
In the educational context the use of Information and Communication Technologies plays, more and more, an important role in our schools, especially in the subject of Arts and Technological Education, for it is mainly practice. Therefore it stimulates the interest in adopting methods and strategies using interactive multimedia materials that support more effective and motivating learning activities. In this context, the present study is the result of research which took place in the 2003/2004 school year in the above mentioned subject. It’s main aim was to find if pupils who use both traditional methods (paper) and educational software learn more effectively than those who were only exposed to one method when tackling the content “movement”. Moreover we also aimed at finding to what extent “Animatrope” facilitates the learning process of this content. This study involved three 5th grade classes (a total of 63 pupils) in the area of exploration of animation and moving images. One class worked only with traditional optical toys, using paper. Another class used the software “Animatrope” and still another used both methods. The 12 sessions, of 90 minutes each, took place in the Arts and Technological Education classrooms. The pupils who worked with both methods were divided (even and odd pairs). All the work developed was done individually or in pairs, according to the type of activities planned. Treatment effects of the learning process of the content “movement” were examined in terms of pre and post-tests. The teacher of these pupils was simultaneously the researcher. In order to gather the necessary data we use direct and participant observation techniques which were supported by observation records of the work done and of the interactions that occurred in the classes, daily records in a logbook, the final productions of the pupils in the various sessions and video recordings of all the sessions for further analysis. The results of this study reveal that there were no significant differences in the test administered after the teaching of the content using identical strategies in the lessons to all groups. However, after the differenciation of strategies and resources used, there was a considerable difference favouring the group that worked with both methods. The same result was not obtained in the groups that dealt with only one method. These results also suggest that pupils who used both methods managed to learn the content in a much more efficient way, in spite of having less time to conclude the tasks due to the change of method. The results were influenced by the variation of resources and the multiple experiences of learning. Suggestions for future studies are put forward.
L’utilisation des technologies d’information et de communication dans un contexte éducatif occupe une place de plus en plus importante dans nos écoles, surtout dans le cas particulier du cours d’Éducation Visuelle et Technologique qui a un caractère éminemment pratique. Par conséquence, il stimule un intérêt de plus en plus fort vers l’adoption de méthodologies et stratégies avec le recours aux matériaux multimédia interactifs qui supportent un apprentissage plus efficace et motivant dans cette matière scolaire. Dans ce contexte, cette étude est le résultat d’une investigation réalisé pendant l’année scolaire de 2003/04 sur la problématique mentionnée au dessus. L’objectif principal était savoir si les élèves qui travaillent avec les deux supports (le traditionnel et un autre avec le recours d’un software éducatif) obtiennent un apprentissage plus efficace du contenu thématique « mouvement », par rapport à ceux qui travaillent seulement avec un support. D’autre côté, nous voulons savoir de quelle façon l’utilisation du « Animatrope » facilitera l’apprentissage de l’image en mouvement. Cette étude a enveloppé trois classes de la 5ème année de scolarité (un total de 63 élèves), dans le contexte de l’exploitation de l’animation et de l’image en mouvement. Une classe a travaillé seulement les jouets optiques en support traditionnel (papier), une autre a travaillé avec le software Animatrope et la troisième classe a travaillé avec les deux supports. Les douze séances de travail de 90 minutes chacune se sont déroulés dans les salles d’ EVT. Les élèves qui ont travaillé les deux supports ont été divisés en groupes (les pairs et les impairs), en alternant l’ordre de travail dans chaque support. Tout le travail développé a été réalisé individuellement ou en groupes de pairs, d’accord la typologie des activités planifiées. L’effet du traitement sur l’apprentissage du contenu thématique « mouvement » a été analysé à travers des épreuves réalisées avant et après le travail. Le professeur des classes a été simultanément le chercheur. Dans la rentrée des donnés nous avons utilisé aussi les techniques d’observation directe et participante, lesquelles ont été supportées par des enregistrements d’observation du travail réalisé et des actions réciproques des élèves, par des enregistrements en journal de bord, les produits réalisés par les élèves dans les différents séances de travail et les enregistrements vidéo de toutes les séances pour une postérieure analyse. Les résultats de cette étude ont démontré qu’il n’y a pas de différences significatives dans les épreuves réalisées avant le début de l’apprentissage et après l’abordage du contenu avec une stratégie identique utilisée dans les classes. Pourtant, après une différentiation de stratégies et de recours utilisés, il y a eu une différence expressive dans les moyennes de la classe qui a travaillé avec les deux supports. Le même résultat ne s’est pas confirmé dans les groupes qui ont travaillé seulement avec un des supports. Les résultats suggèrent aussi que les élèves qui ont travaillé les deux supports ont obtenu un apprentissage du contenu plus significatif, bien qu’ils aient moins de temps pour la conclusion des travaux par changement de support. Ces résultats ont été influencés par la diversification de recours et les multiples expériences d’apprentissage proportionnées. On présente, encore, des suggestions pour des études à l’avenir.
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Gambetta, Francielle. "Análise técnica e econômica de retificadores de corrente para produção de hidrogênio eletrolítico = estudo de caso aproveitando a EVT da UHE de Itaipu." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265434.
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Orientador: Ennio Peres da SilvaDissertação ( mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T04:55:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gambetta_Francielle_M.pdf: 4780185 bytes, checksum: f2071d96fca67109088a5766792577eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Para países com disponibilidade de energia elétrica relativamente barata, como o Brasil, o custo de instalação é o fator mais importante para a produção de hidrogênio eletrolítico, representando mais de 50% do custo total. O retificador de corrente é um dos principais equipamentos que compõem um sistema de eletrólise da água e é objeto de estudo desta dissertação. A partir de uma análise técnica, concluiu-se que, atualmente, o sistema de retificação mais adequado ao processo de produção de hidrogênio eletrolítico é o sistema a tiristor, principalmente por apresentar maior eficiência e confiabilidade operacional. Por meio de uma análise de mercado, concluiu-se que o mercado nacional, em sua maioria, está apto a fornecer retificadores industriais apenas para aplicação em eletrolisadores unipolares, já o mercado internacional possui uma vasta gama de retificadores com diversos níveis de tensão e corrente de saída, sendo capaz de fornecer estes equipamentos tanto para alimentar eletrolisadores industriais unipolares quanto bipolares. O custo do hidrogênio foi calculado tomando como base estudos anteriores e utilizando a Energia Vertida Turbinável (EVT) da UHE de Itaipu, o que resultou em US$ 2,66/kg para uma planta com capacidade de produzir 4.365 m3/h de hidrogênio. A influência do custo do retificador sobre o custo de produção é de 10,8% e, assim, uma diminuição de 50% no custo deste equipamento promoveria uma redução de 5,4% no custo do hidrogênio eletrolítico. Apesar de pequena, esta redução pode ser determinante em muitos casos. Assim, a introdução de uma linha de pesquisa em um pólo tecnológico para o desenvolvimento destes equipamentos é interessante, pois além de contribuir com a redução do custo do hidrogênio eletrolítico, representa uma oportunidade de crescimento econômico que pode colocar o Brasil em destaque de forma positiva dentro dos cenários energético e econômico mundiais
Abstract: For countries with relatively cheap electricity availability, such as Brazil, the cost of installation is the most important factor for the production of electrolytic hydrogen, representing more than 50% of the total. The power rectifier is one of the main devices comprising the water electrolysis system and it is the object of study in this dissertation. From a technical analysis, it was concluded that currently the most suitable system for electrolytic hydrogen production is the thyristor system, mainly due to its higher efficiency and operational reliability. Through market analysis, it was concluded that most of rectifiers available in the domestic market are designed only for use in industrial unipolar electrolysers. On the other hand, the international market has a wide range of rectifiers with different levels of voltage and current output, being capable of providing such equipment for both industrial unipolar and bipolar electrolysers. The cost of hydrogen was calculated using previous studies of the Spilled Turbinable Energy (STE) of Itaipu Hydroelectric Energy Plant, and resulted in US$ 2.66/kg for a plant with capacity to produce 4,365 m3/h of hydrogen. The influence of the rectifier cost on the gas production cost is 10.8%, and thus a decrease of 50% in the cost of such equipment would promote a reduction of 5.4% in the cost of the electrolytic hydrogen. Although small, this reduction can be decisive in many cases. Thus the introduction of a research line at a technological center for the development of this equipment is interesting, which also contributes to lowering the cost of electrolytic hydrogen and is an opportunity for economic growth to highlight Brazil in the worldwide energy and economic scenery
Mestrado
Mestre em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos
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Rodrigues, José Alberto Braga. "Ferramentas Web, Web 2.0 e software livre em EVT: estudo sobre a integração de ferramentas digitais no currículo da disciplina de educação visual e tecnológica." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15865.
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Doutoramento em Multimédia em EducaçãoA utilização das TIC ocupam um lugar cada vez mais importante nas nossas escolas, marcado sobretudo pela evolução das tecnologias e pela utilização em contexto educativo de muitas ferramentas da Web 2.0. Esse facto é muito notório na disciplina de Educação Visual e Tecnológica, de carácter eminentemente prático, onde é permitido explorar várias ferramentas digitais para abordagem de conteúdos da disciplina e para a criação de produtos gráficos e plásticos. Com o aparecimento da Web 2.0 e a disponibilização de milhares de novas ferramentas digitais aos utilizadores da Internet, estimula-se um interesse cada vez maior na adoção de metodologias e estratégias com recurso a estes media e que suportem uma aprendizagem mais eficaz e motivadora para os alunos, articulando-se os suportes tradicionais de EVT com os novos media digitais. Neste contexto, o presente estudo é o resultado duma investigação-ação realizada no âmbito do Programa Doutoral em Multimédia em Educação da Universidade de Aveiro onde se implementou a integração de ferramentas da Web, Web 2.0 e Software Livre em contexto educativo na disciplina de EVT, na qual poderiam ser utilizadas tanto as técnicas tradicionais de realização mais usuais na disciplina como a integração e articulação com as ferramentas digitais, suportadas por software livre (e outros de utilização gratuita), a Web e a Web 2.0 para suporte ao ensino e aprendizagem dos diversos conteúdos e áreas de exploração da disciplina. Este estudo, desenhado em três ciclos, envolveu num primeiro momento a constituição de uma comunidade de prática de professores alargada, sendo criadas seis turmas de formação que reuniram um total de 112 professores que pretendiam integrar as ferramentas digitais em EVT. Para além da pesquisa, análise, seleção e catalogação destas 430 ferramentas digitais recenseadas, produziram-se 371 manuais de apoio à utilização das mesmas, sendo estes recursos disponibilizados no espaço do EVTdigital. Num segundo ciclo, decorrente da avaliação realizada, foi criada a distribuição EVTux para simplificar o acesso e utilização das ferramentas digitais em contexto de EVT. Finalmente, o terceiro ciclo, decorre da eliminação da disciplina de EVT do currículo do 2º ciclo do ensino básico e a sua substituição por duas novas disciplinas, tendo-se realizada a respetiva análise de conteúdo das metas curriculares e produzido a aplicação As ferramentas digitais do Mundo Visual, concebida para contextualizar e indexar as ferramentas digitais selecionadas para a nova disciplina de Educação Visual.Os resultados deste estudo apontam claramente para a possibilidade de integrar na disciplina de Educação Visual e Tecnológica (ou no presente momento, em Educação Visual) ferramentas digitais para abordagem aos conteúdos e áreas de exploração, bem como a possibilidade de se constituírem facilmente comunidades de prática (como foi o caso) que possam colaborar na catalogação destas ferramentas no contexto específico da disciplina e para a necessidade sentida pelos professores em obter informação e formação que os possa atualizar quanto à integração das TIC no currículo. Apresentam-se, ainda, as limitações deste estudo que passaram sobretudo pelo impacto negativo que a eliminação da disciplina provocou na motivação dos docentes e a sua consequente participação no decorrer de algumas fases do trabalho, e ainda da dificuldade de gestão de uma equipa de professores colaboradores tão numerosa e diversificada. Nesse sentido, são também apresentadas sugestões para estudos futuros.
The use of Information and Communication Technologies occupy an increasingly important place in our schools, that are especially marked by the evolution of technology and by the use of many Web 2.0 tools in the educational context. This fact is quite common in the Visual Arts and Technological Education’s subject, which is mainly practical and where it is allowed to explore many digital tools to approach (teach) the subject’s contents, not mentioning the creation of graphical and plastic products. With the emergence of Web 2.0 and the availability of thousands of new digital tools for Internet users, the increasing interest in adopting methodologies and strategies by using these media, is stimulated and supports a more effective and motivating learning for students. Besides, it articulates the traditional supports of Visual Arts and Technological Education with the new digital media. This study is the result of an investigation-action held within the Doctoral Program in Multimedia in Education in the University of Aveiro, where it was implemented the integration of Web, Web 2.0 and Open Source Software tools in the educational context of the Visual Arts and Technological Education’s subject, in which could be used both the most common traditional techniques of performance and the integration and articulation of digital tools supported by free software (and others of free use), Web and Web 2.0 to support the teaching and learning process of many contents and exploration areas of the subject. This study, which was designed in 3 periods, initially involved the creation of an extended community of teachers’s practice and therefore, it was created six training classes, which gathered a total of 112 teachers wishing to integrate digital tools in Visual Arts and Technological Education. In addition to the research, analysis, selection and cataloging of these digital tools to be used in an educational context, from the 430 selected tools 371 user guides to support their use were produced and all the work was has been made available through the space EVTdigital. In a second phase, after the evaluation process, EVTux was created to simplify the access and the use of digital tools in the context of the Visual Arts and Technological Education’s subject. Finally, the third phase stems from the elimination of the subject Visual Arts and Technological Education from the 2nd cycle’s curriculum of basic education and it is replaced by two new subjects, the respective content analysis has been performed and so has the application As ferramentas digitais do Mundo Visual been produced, designed to contextualize and index digital tools selected for the new subject of Visual Education.The results of this study clearly point to the possibility of integrating the subject of Visual Arts and Technological Education (or at present, in Visual Education) digital tools to teach the contents and areas of exploration, as well as the possibility to easily constitute communities of practice (as it was the case) that may assist in cataloging these tools in a specific context of the subject, and the need felt by teachers in obtaining information and training that allow them to update the integration of ICT in the curriculum. We present also the limitations of this study that are related to the negative impact that the elimination of subject caused on the teachers’ motivation and their consequent participation during some phases of the work, not to mention the difficulty felt in managing a team of collaborating teachers as numerous and diverse as this one. Therefore, it is also presented suggestions for future studies.
FCT - SFRH/BD/66530/2009
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Stahel, Christof W. "International stock market liquidity." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1091726658.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 110 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-76).
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Kyselá, Eva. "Modelling portfolios with heavy-tailed risk factors." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264017.
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The thesis aims to investigate some of the approaches to modelling portfolio returns with heavy-tailed risk factors. It first elaborates on the univariate time series models, and compares the benchmark model (GARCH with Student t innovations or its GJR extension) predictive performance with its two competitors, the EVT-GARCH model and the Markov-Switching Multifractal (MSM) model. The motivation of EVT extension of GARCH specification is to use a more proper distribution of the innovations, based on the empirical distribution function. The MSM is one of the best performing models in the multifractal literature, a markov-switching model which is unique by its parsimonious specification and variability. The performance of these models is assessed with Mincer-Zarnowitz regressions as well as by comparison of quality of VaR and expected shortfall predictions, and the empirical analysis shows that for the risk management purposes the EVT-GARCH dominates the benchmark as well as the MSM. The second part addresses the dependence structure modelling, using the Gauss and t-copula to model the portfolio returns and compares the result with the classic variance-covariance approach, concluding that copulas offer a more realistic estimates of future extreme quantiles.
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Zváč, Marek. "Portfolio Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall using High-frequency data." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264725.
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The main objective of this thesis is to investigate whether multivariate models using Highfrequency data provide significantly more accurate forecasts of Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall than multivariate models using only daily data. Our objective is very topical since the Basel Committee announced in 2013 that is going to change the risk measure used for calculation of capital requirement from Value at Risk to Expected Shortfall. The further improvement of accuracy of both risk measures can be also achieved by incorporation of high-frequency data that are rapidly more available due to significant technological progress. Therefore, we employed parsimonious Heterogeneous Autoregression and its asymmetric version that uses high-frequency data for the modeling of realized covariance matrix. The benchmark models are chosen well established DCC-GARCH and EWMA. The computation of Value at Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES) is done through parametric, semi-parametric and Monte Carlo simulations. The loss distributions are represented by multivariate Gaussian, Student t, multivariate distributions simulated by Copula functions and multivariate filtered historical simulations. There are used univariate loss distributions: Generalized Pareto Distribution from EVT, empirical and standard parametric distributions. The main finding is that Heterogeneous Autoregression model using high-frequency data delivered superior or at least the same accuracy of forecasts of VaR to benchmark models based on daily data. Finally, the backtesting of ES remains still very challenging and applied Test I. and II. did not provide credible validation of the forecasts.
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Collins, Shamara P. "The Effect of Processing Conditions on the Energetic Diagram of CdTe Thin Films Studied by Photoluminescence." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7276.
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The photovoltaic properties of CdTe-based thin films depend on recombination levels formed in the CdTe layer and at the heterojunction. The localized states are resultant of structural defects (metal sublattice, chalcogen sublattice, interstitial), controlled doping, deposition process, and/or post-deposition annealing. The photoluminescence study of CdTe thin films, from both the bulk and heterojunction, can reveal radiative states due to different defects or impurities. Identification of defects allows for potential explanation of their roles and influence on solar cell performance. A thorough understanding of the material properties responsible for solar cell performance is critical in further advancing the efficiency of devices.
The presented work is a systematic investigation using photoluminescence to study CdTe thin films with varying deposition processes. The thin (polycrystalline) films explored in this study were deposited by either the elemental vapor transport technique (EVT) or close spaced sublimation (CSS). Two device architectures were investigated, the typical CdTe/CdS device and the CdSeXTe1-X (CST) alloy device. Post-deposition annealing processes were either laser or thermal. The study of the CdTe thin films is grouped in three general categories: (a) EVT films: Intrinsic and Extrinsic (Group V: Sb and P), (b) CST alloys, and (c) Post-deposition Laser Annealed (LA) films. The main goal of this dissertation is to understand the influence of fabrication procedures (deposition conditions, post deposition thermal and chemical treatments, added impurities, and device architecture) on the defect structure of the CdTe thin films.
The behavior of the photoluminescence (PL), studied as a function of the measurement temperature and excitation intensity, provides insight to the mechanism causing the radiative recombination levels. Analysis of the PL spectra for CdTe films with intrinsic doping demonstrated stoichiometric control of native defects for both the Cd- and Te-rich conditions. PL spectra of CdTe:Sb films showed unique Sb-related bands. Also, impurity-related defects were identified in the CdTe:P spectra. Spectral analysis support the need for optimization of dopant concentration. The effects of selenium (Se) thickness and post-deposition processing on the formation of CST alloy were demonstrated in the changing PL spectra. The native defects (and complexes) identified in films with thermal anneal processing were the same as those identified in films with laser anneal post-deposition processing.
The PL data were collected and other characterization techniques were used to support the defect assignments. A repository of material properties, which include the recombination levels along with structural defect assignment for each of the CdTe deposition processes, is provided. This project will lend the solar cell community information on CdTe defects for different processing conditions, ultimately influencing the fabrication of improved solar cells.
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Wellman, David Allen, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Towards an integration of theories of achievement motivation." Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2001. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051017.123821.
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This thesis investigated children's school achievement in terms of an integration of three theories of achievement motivation. The three theoretical outlooks were expectancy-value theory (EVT), implicit theories of intelligence (ITI), and flow theory (FT). The first of two studies was an exploratory investigation of the effectiveness of each theory independently and combined to predict children's achievement in four school subjects. The subject areas were maths, reading, instrumental music and sport. Participants were 84 children (40 females and 44 males) aged 9 to 10 years, one of each child's parents, and school teachers of each child in the four subject areas. All data were collected through questionnaires based on the three models. The results indicated that EVT and FT but not ITI accounted for a significant amount of the variance in children's achievement, including effects for subject area and gender. A second confirmatory study tested EVT, FT and an integrated model for the prediction of achievement in maths, reading and instrumental music. The participants were a further 141 children (74 females and 67 males) aged 10 to 11 years, and a parent and teachers of each child. Data collection using questionnaires occurred early in the school year (Timel) and approximately five months later (Time2). For EVT, children and parents competence beliefs were significant predictors of children's achievement in each subject area. Females tended to believe themselves more competent at reading and instrumental music and also valued these subjects more highly than boys. Modeling results for flow theory indicated that children's emotional responses to classes (happiness and confusion) were significant predictors of achievement, the type of emotion varying between subject areas and time periods. Females generally had a more positive emotional reaction to reading and instrumental music classes than males did. The integrated model results indicated significant relationships between EVT and flow theories for each subject area, with EVT explaining most achievement variance in the integrated model. Children's and parents competence beliefs were the main predictors of achievement at Timel and 2, Subject area and gender differences were found which provide direction for future research. Anecdotal reports of parents and teachers often attest to individual differences in children's involvement in various school domains. Even among children of apparently similar intelligence, it is not uncommon to find one who likes nothing better than to work on a mathematics problem while another much prefers to read a novel or play a musical instrument Some children appear to achieve good results for most of the activities in which they are engaged while others achieve in a less consistent manner, sometimes particularly excelling in one activity. Some children respond to failure experiences with a determination to improve their performance in the future while others react with resignation and acceptance of their low ability. Some children appear to become totally absorbed in the activity of playing sport while others cannot wait for the game to end. The primary research objective guiding the current thesis is how children's thoughts and feelings about school subjects differ and are related to their school achievement. A perusal of the achievement motivation literature indicates several possible models and concepts that can be applied to explain individual differences in children's school achievement. Concepts such as academic self-concept, multiple intelligences, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, self-beliefs, competence beliefs, subjective task values, mastery and performance goals, Flow experiences and social motivation are just some of the constructs used to explain children's achievement motivation, both within and between various activity domains. These constructs are proposed by researchers from different theoretical perspectives to achievement motivation. Although there is much literature relevant to each perspective, there is little research indicating how the various perspectives may relate to each other. The current thesis will begin by reviewing three currently popular theoretical orientations cited in achievement motivation research: subjective beliefs and values; implicit theories of intelligence, and flow experience and family complexity. Following this review, a framework will be proposed for testing the determinants of children's school achievement, both within each of the three theoretical perspectives and also in combination.
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Ben, Hadj Saifeddine. "Essays on risk management and financial stability." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E003/document.
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La thèse analyse la question de la stabilité du système financier international dans son ensemble et plus précisément comment améliorer sa résilience. Chaque chapitre se focalise sur un type d'acteur dans ce système complexe, à savoir les banques, les organismes de supervision et les régulateurs internationaux. Le premier chapitre introduit de nouvelles techniques d'optimisation pour accélérer le calcul de mesure de risque dans les banques et les institutions financières. Il propose également une étude théorique pour valider les algorithmes d'optimisation proposés. Le second vise à quantifier l'externalité négative générée par les activités d'une banque ou d'une d'institution financière. Finalement, le dernier chapitre concerne la coopération entre régulateurs nationaux en présence de coûts de coordination en proposant une analyse qui s'appuie sur la théorie des jeuxWe first investigate the computational complexity for estimating quantile based risk measures, such as the widespread Value at Risk for banks and Solvency II capital requirements for insurance companies, via nested Monte Carlo simulations. The estimator is a conditional expectation type estimate where two stage simulations are required to evaluate the risk measure: an outer simulation is used to generate risk factor scenarios that govern price movements and an inner simulation is used to evaluate the future portfolio value based on each of those scenarios. The second essay considers the financial stability from a macro perspective. Measuring negative externalities of banks is a major challenge for financial regulators. We propose a new risk management approach to enhance the financial stability and to increase the fairness of financial transactions. The basic idea is that a bank should assume as much risk as it creates. Any imbalance in the tails of the distribution of profit and losses is a sign of the bank's failure to internalize its externalities or the social costs associated with its activities. The aim of the third essay is to find a theoretical justification toward the mutual benefits for members of a bonking union in the context of a strategic interaction model. We use a unique contagion dynamic that marries the rich literature of game theory, contagion in pandemic crisis and the study of collaboration between regulators. The model is focused toward regulating asset classes, not individual banks. This special design addresses moral hazard issues that could result from government intervention in the case of crisis
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Tomaštík, Marek. "Genetické programování - Java implementace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230616.
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This Master´s thesis implements computer program in Java, useful for automatic model generating, specially in symbolic regression problem. Thesis includes short description of genetic programming (GP) and own implementation with advanced GP operands (non-destructive operations, elitism, exptression reduction). Mathematical model is generating by symbolic regression, exacly for choosen data set. For functioning check are used test tasks. Optimal settings is found for choosen GP parameters.
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Glamstedt, Jennie, and Marie Sigbo. "EVA - Ett helhetskoncept eller komplement?" Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1681.
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Alla företag strävar efter att göra en vinst, men frågan är när ett företag faktiskt uppnått detta.
Stern Stewart & Co är ett amerikanskt konsultbolag som har arbetat fram ett koncept som de kallar Economic Value Added (EVA). Den stora skillnaden mellan detta och övriga vinstmått är att EVA visar att ingen vinst har uppnåtts förrän även kostnaderna för det egna kapitalet, d.v.s. den avkastning som aktieägarna förväntar sig, är täckta. Stern Stewart & Co har marknadsfört EVA som ett helhetskoncept som ska användas för styrning i hela företaget. Den fråga som vi har ställt oss är hur EVA-konceptet ser ut i svenska företag. Syftet med studien är att beskriva EVA-konceptets användningsområden och förklara hur svenska företag arbetar med måttet. För att besvara frågan och uppfylla syftet krävdes en helhetsförståelse över företagens situation, därför har en kvalitativ ansats använts. Undersökningen består av intervjuer som genomförts med fyra företag som använder sig av EVA-konceptet. De resultat vi har fått fram visar att företag anpassar modellen efter sina behov och förutsättningar samt att den används som ett komplement eller kompletteras av andra mått. Vidare har införandet av EVA-konceptet inte någon förankring i att företag vill arbeta mer mot aktieägarnas intressen, utan att syftet med att använda EVA-konceptet har andra skäl.
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Gunes, Cagdas. "New Imaging Approaches for Process Tomography Based on Capacitive Sensors." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531058286375668.
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Hamdi, Haykel. "Théorie des options et fonctions d'utilité : stratégies de couverture en présence des fluctuations non gaussiennes." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020006/document.
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L'approche traditionnelle des produits dérivés consiste, sous certaines hypothèses bien définies, à construire des stratégies de couverture à risque strictement nul. Cependant,dans le cas général ces stratégies de couverture "parfaites" n'existent pas,et la théorie doit plutôt s'appuyer sur une idée de minimisation du risque. Dans ce cas, la couverture optimale dépend de la quantité du risque à minimiser. Dans lecadre des options, on considère dans ce travail une nouvelle mesure du risque vial'approche de l'utilité espérée qui tient compte, à la fois, du moment d'ordre quatre,qui est plus sensible aux grandes fluctuations que la variance, et de l'aversion aurisque de l'émetteur d'une option vis-à-vis au risque. Comparée à la couverture endelta, à l'optimisation de la variance et l'optimisation du moment d'ordre quatre,la stratégie de couverture, via l'approche de l'utilité espérée, permet de diminuer lasensibilité de la couverture par rapport au cours du sous-jacent. Ceci est de natureà réduire les coûts des transactions associéesThe traditional approach of derivatives involves, under certain clearly defined hypothesis, to construct hedging strategies for strictly zero risk. However, in the general case these perfect hedging strategies do not exist, and the theory must be rather based on the idea of risk minimization. In this case, the optimal hedging strategy depends on the amount of risk to be minimized. Under the options approach, we consider here a new measure of risk via the expected utility approach that takes into account both, the moment of order four, which is more sensitive to fluctuations than large variance, and risk aversion of the investor of an option towards risk. Compared to delta hedging, optimization of the variance and maximizing the moment of order four, the hedging strategy, via the expected utilitiy approach, reduces the sensitivy of the hedging approach reported in the underlying asset price. This is likely to reduce the associated transaction costs
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Koliai, Lyes. "Stress testing and financial risks." Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090069/document.
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Cette thèse établit un cadre d’évaluation des stress tests financiers, en identifiant leurs principales limites. Trois approches ont été proposées pour améliorer les pratiques actuelles à chaque étape du processus. Elles incluent : (i) un modèle semi-paramétrique TVE–copules-paires pour les facteurs de risque financiers, avec un accent particulier sur les valeurs extrêmes, (ii) un modèle d'évaluation pour estimer l'impact de ces facteurs sur un système financier, via des effets directs, indirects et de contagion, en considérant les réactions endogènes publiques et privées, et (iii) une approche bayésienne pour mener une sélection systématique des scénarios de stress pour des portefeuilles non linéaires. Le modèle de risque a montré de meilleures performances par rapport à la plupart des spécifications courantes ; ce qui augmente la crédibilité du test. Le modèle d'évaluation est estimé pour le système bancaire français, révélant ses principales sources de vulnérabilité et le rôle clé des réactions publiques. Enfin, l'approche bayésienne a permis de remplacer les scénarios subjectifs traditionnels et d’inclure les résultats de stress tests dans la gestion quantitative des risques aux côtés des autres outils conventionnelsThis thesis has set a comprehensive framework to assess the relevance of financial stress tests, identifying their main drawbacks. Three robust and flexible model frameworks have been proposed to improve current practices in each of the tests’ stages. This is achieved through: (i) a semi-parametric EVT–Pair-copulas model for financial risk factors, with a specific focus on extreme values, (ii) a valuation model to assess the impact of risk factors on a financial system, through direct and indirect effects, contagion channels, and considering private and public response functions, and (iii) a Bayesian-based approach to run a systematic selection of stress scenarios for nonlinear portfolios. The presented risk model has proven to outperform commonly used specifications, hence increasing the test’s credibility. Estimated for the French banking system, the valuation model revealed the related risk profile and the main vulnerabilities. Public responses turned to be of vital interest. Finally, the Bayesian approach allows replacing the traditional subjective scenarios and including the tests’ results in quantitative risk management alongside with other conventional tools
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Shykhmanter, Dmytro. "Modeling Extreme Values." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199737.
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Modeling of extreme events is a challenging statistical task. Firstly, there is always a limit number of observations and secondly therefore no experience to back test the result. One way of estimating higher quantiles is to fit one of theoretical distributions to the data and extrapolate to the tail. The shortcoming of this approach is that the estimate of the tail is based on the observations in the center of distribution. Alternative approach to this problem is based on idea to split the data into two sub-populations and model body of the distribution separately from the tail. This methodology is applied to non-life insurance losses, where extremes are particularly important for risk management. Never the less, even this approach is not a conclusive solution of heavy tail modeling. In either case, estimated 99.5% percentiles have such high standard errors, that the their reliability is very low. On the other hand this approach is theoretically valid and deserves to be considered as one of the possible methods of extreme value analysis.
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Sun, Jiangtao. "Fringe effect of electrical capacitance and resistance tomography sensors and its application in 3D imaging." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/fringe-effect-of-electrical-capacitance-and-resistance-tomography-sensors-and-its-application-in-3d-imaging(67894440-37f5-4897-9172-70d06c7e1765).html.
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This PhD work is dedicated to investigating the fringe effect of electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) and electrical resistance tomography (ERT) sensors systematically, exploring possible solutions and developing a novel 3D imaging technique by utilising the fringe effect of electrical tomography (ET) sensors. By referring to 2D simulation results, the fringe effect is investigated for 3D ERT and ECT sensor models with or without grounded guards, and with different axial lengths of electrodes. Simulation results reveal that increasing the electrode length or adopting grounded guards can reduce the fringe effect of ECT and ERT sensors. In this work, a voltage-excitation strategy is proposed and validated for ERT sensors instead of the conventional current-injection strategy. This approach enables ECT and ERT sensors to be integrated together as a common one to simplify the sensor design and reduce the interference between the ECT and ERT dual-modality measurements. For a conventional ERT sensor with the adjacent strategy, the fringe effect is evaluated for axially non-uniform central core and off-central core distributions at different axial positions and with different axial dimensions and conductivity contrasts. A method is proposed for compensating the fringe effect with the above typical distributions and a two-object distribution. A three-plane ERT sensor scheme is suggested for reducing the fringe effect induced by objects outside the sensor plane and the over-estimation by Landweber iteration. Both simulation and experiment have proved the effectiveness of the three-plane sensor scheme and the compensation method. Using the fringe effect, a novel 3D imaging method is proposed for ET with a single-plane sensor. It is explored to image metallic objects with ECT. The axial position of the object is derived by examining the corresponding fringe effect in a single-plane ECT sensor. Along with 2D imaging of the cross-sectional distribution, 3D imaging is achieved for a cylindrical metallic rod with known size. With this method, only the 3D position of the object needs to be calculated during the reconstruction which reduces the number of unknowns greatly and can improve the accuracy and stability of reconstruction.
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Grieve, Bruce Donaldson. "On-line electrical impedance tomography for industrial batch processing." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2002. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:10776.
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This research was originally conceived under the auspices of the UK Government's Foresight Initiative, which aimed to translate the significant body of process tomography knowledge, residing in various British universities, towards applications of generic benefit to industry. In collaboration with the sponsoring life science company, Zeneca Ltd, a number of potential demonstrator projects were identified. Ultimately on-line imaging within pressure filtration was selected by virtue of its direct and broad benefit to the chemical sector and the opportunity to extrapolate the techniques developed towards other batch production processes. The research programme is centred around three empirical studies. These progress from an initial phase, where the early laboratory instrumentation was exposed to a constrained set of filtration conditions, through to the installation of a novel prototype industrial tomography system on to an existing large scale production unit, which was fabricated from an electrically conducting alloy and located in a potentially flammable atmosphere. During the course of these investigations electrical impedance tomography (EIT) was identified as the most viable modality for this class of application. The challenges associated with transferring the EIT technology into the manufacturing environment were addressed by taking advantage of the lenient frame rates acceptable within chemical batch monitoring to develop an instrument structure which was intrinsically safe, suitable for use with earthed metal vessels, tolerant to chemically aggressive media and amenable to three-dimensional image reconstruction via irregular, process compliant, electrode architectures. In the subject production filter a planar sensor array was exploited to provide a relatively uniform electrical field distribution within the process material, whilst not adversely affecting the normal operation of the plant item.
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Valiulis, Vladas. "Transkranijinės magnetinės stimuliacijos įtaka galvos smegenų bioelektriniam aktyvumui." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140925_135031-16126.
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Transkranijinė magnetinė stimuliacija (TMS) – tai modernus neinvazinis vaistams rezistentiškų psichiatrinių sutrikimų gydymo būdas. Fiziologiniai TMS tyrimai pasižymi įvairiais, dažnai prieštaringais rezultatais, daugeliu atvejų didžiausias dėmesys skiriamas betarpiškiems poveikiams po vienos TMS procedūros, bet ne po pilno terapinio kurso. Manoma, kad rezultatų įvairovę TMS praktikoje įtakoja skirtingi stimuliacijos parametrai ir netikslumai parenkant stimuliuojamą zoną smegenyse. Nors TMS terapija dažnai traktuojama kaip švelnesnė alternatyva elektros impulsų terapijai (EIT), palyginamųjų fiziologinių šių metodikų tyrimų labai trūksta.
Darbo tikslas buvo įvertinti TMS terapijos kurso poveikį bioelektriniam galvos smegenų aktyvumui ir palyginti jį su EIT terapijos poveikiu. Buvo tirta aukšto ir žemo dažnių (10 Hz ir 1 Hz) TMS terapijos įtaka EEG dažnių galios spektrui bei sukeltiniam klausos potencialui P300, naudojant standartinį ir neuronavigacinį taikinio pozicionavimą. TMS sukelti EEG pokyčiai palyginti su EIT terapijos sukeltais EEG pokyčiais, išmatuota TMS terapijos sąlygotų pokyčių dinamika kelių mėnesių bėgyje. Rezultatai parodė, kad TMS terapijos pasekoje smegenyse ryškiausiai padidėja delta dažnio galia. Naudojant standartinį pozicionavimą 10 Hz TMS sukėlė įvairesnius ir intensyvesnius EEG galios spektro pokyčius nei 1 Hz TMS. Pritaikius neuronavigacinę sistemą 10 Hz TMS atveju sumažėjo teta ir alfa dažnių galios pokyčiai. Praėjus keliems mėnesiams nuo TMS... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a modern non invasive method of drug resistant psychiatric disorder treatment. TMS physiology research is hindered by variable, often controversial results. In most studies main attention is being focused on immediate effects after single TMS procedure rather than the influence of a complete therapy course. It is considered that variability of results in TMS practice is caused by different stimulation parameters and imprecision of stimulated area placement in the brain. Although TMS therapy is often viewed as a milder alternative to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), comparative physiological studies of these two methods are very rare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rTMS therapy course on bioelectrical brain activity and compare it to an ECT effect. Research included the effect of high and low frequency (10 Hz and 1 Hz) TMS on EEG band power spectrum and auditory evoked potential P300, using both standard and neuronavigated target positioning. TMS evoked EEG changes were also compared to the changes of ECT. Change dynamics after several months of TMS therapy were also measured. Results showed that after TMS therapy the most notable change in the brain occurs in the form of delta power increase. When using standard positioning 10 Hz TMS evokes more diverse and intense EEG band power spectrum changes than the 1 Hz TMS. Application of neuronavigation system decreases theta and alpha band power changes in 10 Hz TMS... [to full text]
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Valiulis, Vladas. "The effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on brain bioelectrical activity." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140925_135043-14839.
Full textAbstract:
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a modern non invasive method of drug resistant psychiatric disorder treatment. TMS physiology research is hindered by variable, often controversial results. In most studies main attention is being focused on immediate effects after single TMS procedure rather than the influence of a complete therapy course. It is considered that variability of results in TMS practice is caused by different stimulation parameters and imprecision of stimulated area placement in the brain. Although TMS therapy is often viewed as a milder alternative to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), comparative physiological studies of these two methods are very rare.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rTMS therapy course on bioelectrical brain activity and compare it to an ECT effect. Research included the effect of high and low frequency (10 Hz and 1 Hz) TMS on EEG band power spectrum and auditory evoked potential P300, using both standard and neuronavigated target positioning. TMS evoked EEG changes were also compared to the changes of ECT. Change dynamics after several months of TMS therapy were also measured. Results showed that after TMS therapy the most notable change in the brain occurs in the form of delta power increase. When using standard positioning 10 Hz TMS evokes more diverse and intense EEG band power spectrum changes than the 1 Hz TMS. Application of neuronavigation system decreases theta and alpha band power changes in 10 Hz TMS... [to full text]Transkranijinė magnetinė stimuliacija (TMS) – tai modernus neinvazinis vaistams rezistentiškų psichiatrinių sutrikimų gydymo būdas. Fiziologiniai TMS tyrimai pasižymi įvairiais, dažnai prieštaringais rezultatais, daugeliu atvejų didžiausias dėmesys skiriamas betarpiškiems poveikiams po vienos TMS procedūros, bet ne po pilno terapinio kurso. Manoma, kad rezultatų įvairovę TMS praktikoje įtakoja skirtingi stimuliacijos parametrai ir netikslumai parenkant stimuliuojamą zoną smegenyse. Nors TMS terapija dažnai traktuojama kaip švelnesnė alternatyva elektros impulsų terapijai (EIT), palyginamųjų fiziologinių šių metodikų tyrimų labai trūksta. Darbo tikslas buvo įvertinti TMS terapijos kurso poveikį bioelektriniam galvos smegenų aktyvumui ir palyginti jį su EIT terapijos poveikiu. Buvo tirta aukšto ir žemo dažnių (10 Hz ir 1 Hz) TMS terapijos įtaka EEG dažnių galios spektrui bei sukeltiniam klausos potencialui P300, naudojant standartinį ir neuronavigacinį taikinio pozicionavimą. TMS sukelti EEG pokyčiai palyginti su EIT terapijos sukeltais EEG pokyčiais, išmatuota TMS terapijos sąlygotų pokyčių dinamika kelių mėnesių bėgyje. Rezultatai parodė, kad TMS terapijos pasekoje smegenyse ryškiausiai padidėja delta dažnio galia. Naudojant standartinį pozicionavimą 10 Hz TMS sukėlė įvairesnius ir intensyvesnius EEG galios spektro pokyčius nei 1 Hz TMS. Pritaikius neuronavigacinę sistemą 10 Hz TMS atveju sumažėjo teta ir alfa dažnių galios pokyčiai. Praėjus keliems mėnesiams nuo TMS... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Neto, Regina Celia dos Santos. "Visões do feminino: a criação de Eva nos mosteiros da Coimbra medieval (séculos XII-XIII)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-07072008-101956/.
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O presente trabalho visa uma aproximação da sensibilidade medieval a respeito do tema da Criação de Eva a partir de códices iluminados, especialmente os presentes nos mosteiros portugueses mais importantes de Coimbra nos séculos XII e XIII. As tensões entre a carne e o espírito, o masculino e o feminino, elementos essenciais na mentalidade medieval serão abordados a partir das imagens e das discussões sobre a Criação e o Pecado e as vivências quotidianas pelos sentidos corporais, ajudando a compor, a partir das imagens, a visão polissêmica da figura feminina em Portugal medieval.The present work approaches the medieval understanding of the theme of the Creation of Eve through the study of manuscript illuminations, and particularly those in the most important monasteries of Coimbra, in the Kingdom of Portugal, in the 12th and 13th Centuries. The tension between the flesh and the spirit, and between the masculine and the feminine essential elements of the medieval mentality- essential elements of the medieval mentality - will be explored based on images and debates related to Creation, Original Sin and the daily life as experienced through the senses, producing a polysemic view of the feminine figure in medieval Portugal.
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Tag, Boutayeb. "Des mutations agro-pastorales à l'urbanisation dans le Maroc oriental." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610096f.
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Hoeblich-Stoehr, Jeanne. "Des hautes terres centrales au littoral oriental malgache : dynamique des paysages." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO31013.
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La partie centrale de la façade orientale malgache encore appelée Cote Est se présente comme une région de socle au relief accidenté, découpé en bandes orientées N 18°E, parallèles au rivage de l'océan Indien. La méthode des transects paysagers établis perpendiculairement au dispositif topographique et structural a mis en valeur l'opposition existant entre les paysages ouverts de savane rase sur de vastes surfaces d'érosion des Hautes Terres et la partie nord du gradin intermédiaire passant latéralement à la mosai͏̈que des paysages de forêts et de formation secondaires ou "sovoka" recouvrant des reliefs multifaces et des collines convexes. Au nord de Toamasina (Tamatave) la frange littorale presque toujours étroite présente une diversité de paysages contrastant avec la monotonie de ceux situés plus au sud. L'île Sainte-Marie au nord est de la région étudiée ultime fragment de socle au bord de l'océan Indien baignant dans l'humidité constante des flux d'alizé a une situation doublement périphérique. Dans ce paysage dominés encore par les facteurs naturels qui sont la tectonique et le climat la marque des sociétés reste inégale surtout lorsqu'on aborde les paysages selon l'axe du temps.
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Ouba, Anthony. "Variabilité saisonnière et interannuelle (2000-2013) de l'abondance, de la biomasse et du spectre de taille du zooplancton dans le bassin Levantin." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066545/document.
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La répétitivité de l’Eastern Mediterranean Transient et le changement climatique affecte les écosystèmes marins du Levantin. La compréhension des réponses du zooplancton à ces variations est donc d’une importance majeure pour les services écosystèmiques. Ce travail est le premier à étudier la variabilité saisonnière et interannuelle et les spectres de taille du zooplancton en relation avec l’environnement au point B2 (N34º14.856 ; E35º36.067, Liban Nord). Dans ce contexte, une série temporelle unique de 14 ans a été effectuée avec un filet de 52 µm et analysée à l’aide d’un système d’imagerie semi-automatique, le Zooscan, pour détecter un changement dans le système pélagique. Les résultats ont montré que la biomasse maximale du zooplancton a été couplée au bloom phytoplanctonique printanier. Alors qu’une abondance maximale de petits organismes a été observée en été suggérant une période de recrutement des organismes. Suite à l’EMT-like en 2005, la salinité a augmenté dans la zone d’étude et tout le bassin. L’abondance et la biomasse du zooplancton ont augmenté subitement, lié à une augmentation probable de la production du phytoplancton cependant masquée par un possible contrôle de type "top down". L’enrichissement de la couche de surface en nutriments anthropiques a mené à des périodes ponctuels plus ou moins productives. La structure en taille du zooplancton a varié en fonction des facteurs hydrologiques. L’analyse des pentes a présenté une variabilité interannuelle liée aux abondances du zooplancton. Tandis que les formes ont montré une domination des individus de grandes tailles en hiver et au printemps. Cette mesure automatique peut être utilisée comme proxy de changement dans l’écosystème pélagiqueThe occurring of the cyclic Eastern Mediterranean Transient and the climatic change have effects on the Levantine marine ecosystem. Understanding the response of zooplankton to such variations is of importance for ecosystem services. This thesis represents a pioneer study in enlightening the seasonality and the interannuality, as well as the spectra size of the zooplankton at a fix point B2 (N34º14.856; E35º36.067, North Lebanon). In this context, a 14 years unique time-series was conducted by a 52 µm mesh size net and analyzed with a powerful synthetic index, the Zooscan to monitor changes in the pelagic system. The results found that the maximum zooplankton biomass was coupled to the phytoplankton spring bloom, whereas abundances increased in the summer possibly due to the recruitment. Following the EMT-like in 2005, the salinity increased in the study area and the whole basin. Zooplankton abundance and biomass increased abruptly possibly related to the enhanced primary production which is hidden by the "top down" control by zooplankton. Moreover, the nutrients enrichment of anthropogenic origin at the sea surface characterized the site by more or less productive occasional periods. The zooplankton size structure has also changed along the period depending on the hydrological factors. The spectral slope analysis showed an interannual variability according to the abundances. While the spectra shape analysis displayed a domination of big size individuals during winter and spring seasons. This automatic measurement highlighted the efficiency of detecting changes in zooplankton that can be related to broader ecosystem perturbation
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Belrhitri, El Hassane. "L'évolution des structures agricoles dans la plaine des Angads : Maroc oriental." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010667.
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L'etude de l'evolution des structures agricoles dans la plaine des angads, nous a appris que cette derniere est passee d'une economie agro-pastorale a une economie "moderne". Ce changement a engendre des transformations dans l'espace rural angadien qui s'est traduit par l'emergence de la propriete individuelle. En effet, l'impact du passe historique agraire et l'influence des contraintes climatiques et foncieres jouent encore un role considerable dans le systeme d'exploitation traditionnel des terres agricoles. Par ailleurs, l'intervention recente d'elements exterieurs au monde rural (la mainmise agraire citadine, l'influence de la ville, la constitution des cooperatives agricoles etatiques. . . ) a bouleverse la societe rurale dans les domaines economiques et sociaux. En consequence, nous avons pu conclure que ces mutations partielles ne touchent pas toute la societe angadienne. Ceci a entraine des inegalites socioeconomiques dans le milieu rural, qui sont revelatrices d'une politique agricole conservatriceWe learn from a study of the evolution of agricultural structures in the angads plain that its economy developed from an agro-pastoral one to a "modern" one. This change brought about transformations in the angadian rural space which resulted in the emergence of individual property. In effect the impact of the agrarian historical past and the influence of climatic and proprietary constrains still play an important role in the traditional system of farming of agricultural land. Moreover, the recent intervention of elements outside the rural world (ownership of land in rural zones by town dwellers, the influence of the city, the creation of state-owned agricultural co-operatives, etc. ) has transformed rural society both economically and socially. Consequently, we have been able to conclude that these partial changes do not affect the entire angadian society. This has brought about socio-economic enequalities in the rural milieu, which reveal a conservative agricultural policy
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Drivaliari, Androniki. "Images polliniques et paléoenvironnements au Néogène supérieur en Méditerranée orientale. Aspects climatiques et paléogéographiques d'un transect latitudinal (de la Roumanie au delta du Nil)." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20191.
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Plusieurs localites du cenozoique superieur (miocene inferieur a pliocene superieur) ont ete analysees dans les bassins sedimentaires differents, distribues selon un transect latitudinal en mediterranee orientale (roumanie, bulgarie, nord de la grece, crete, israel, region du nil). Le reperage biostratigraphique repose sur des etudes paleontologiques (mammiferes, mollusques, foraminiferes et nannoplancton). Les differences dans les images polliniques entre les sites sont liees a la repartition des elements de la vegetation. Elles correspondent assez bien au cadre phytogeographique actuel est-mediterraneen. La variete remarquable des paysages vegetaux circa-mediterraneens, dans l'espace comme dans le temps, interdit tout usage stratigraphique de la palynologie a une large echelle geographique. Les flores polliniques de mediterranee orientale nous revelent l'ampleur d'un stock paleofloristique commun a l'ensemble de la mediterranee. L'anciennete de la mise en place du contexte phytogeographique peut expliquer certaines particularites floristiques actuelles tout comme les variations dans l'organisation de la vegetation moderne. L'existence d'un gradient climatique latitudinal (thermique et xerique), d'amplitude toutefois differente par rapport a celui qui regne aujourd'hui, date au moins du pliocene inferieur
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Terrigeol, Alexandre. "L'utilisation d'espèces indicatrices dans un contexte de changement climatique : cas des oiseaux de l'est de la forêt boréale canadienne." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69249.
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Plusieurs contraintes peuvent entraver le suivi à large échelle nécessaire à l’évaluation et à la mise en place de mesures pour atténuer la perte de biodiversité, notamment en milieu nordique. L’utilisation d’espèces indicatrices d’assemblages est une méthode qui permet de simplifier le suivi de la biodiversité à partir d’un nombre limité d’espèces. Malgré des études prometteuses à fines échelles, l’efficacité d’une telle pratique sur de vastes étendues spatiales demeure incertaine. À l’aide de 22 041 points d’écoutes provenant d’atlas d’oiseaux nicheurs, nous avons évalué l’efficacité des espèces indicatrices d’oiseaux à prédire de manière cohérente la richesse spécifique malgré les variations climatiques observées sur 1,75 M km2de forêt boréale. Afin de tester l’effet des conditions climatiques sur les assemblages d’espèces, nous avons séparé notre zone d’étude en huit régions climatiques relativement similaires. À l’aide d’analyses par modèle nul sur la co-occurrence des espèces, nous avons identifié le nombre minimal d’espèces indicatrices nécessaires pour prévoir 70 % de la variation de richesse spécifique dans chacune des régions climatiques. Bien que nous ayons réussi à identifier un nombre restreint d’espèces indicatrices par région climatique, nous avons également montré que les espèces indicatrices variaient largement entre les régions. Les espèces qui conservaient leur capacité à être indicatrices dans plusieurs régions climatiques étaient également représentatives d’assemblages d’espèces différentes. Cette étude montre que les espèces identifiées comme indicatrices pourraient ne plus indiquer le même assemblage d’espèces dans un avenir proche. L'utilisation d’indicateurs à large échelle s'accompagne donc du défi de devoir déterminer sous quelles nouvelles conditions un ensemble d'indicateurs doit être remplacé, puis d’identifier le nouvel ensemble approprié.Many constraints can impede the broad-scale monitoring needed to assess and mitigate human-induced loss of biodiversity. The use of indicator species of species assemblage can simplify the monitoring of biodiversity based on a limited number of species. Despite promising fine-scale studies, it remains unclear whether indicator species remain effective over broad spatial extents. Using 22,041 point-counts coming from breeding bird atlases, we assessed the value of indicator species to consistently predict bird species richness despite variation in climate conditions observed over 1.75 M km2 of boreal forest. To test for the effect of climate conditions on species assemblages, we partitioned our study area into eight relatively similar climatic regions. Using null model analyses of species co-occurrence, we identified the minimum number of indicator species required to predict 70% of the variation in species richness in each of the climatic regions. Although we were able to identify a small number of indicator species in each climatic region, we observed that the identity of indicator species varied strongly among regions. When species remained an indicator in several climatic regions, they were representative of different species assemblages. This study shows that species currently identified as indicators may no longer indicate the same species assemblage in a near future. Broad-scale use of indicators thus comes with the challenge of having to determine under which new conditions a given set of indicators must be replaced by another, and by which one.
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Shirazi, Zohreh. "Dynamique des végétations de l'Iran oriental en interaction avec les sociétés humaines à l'âge du Bronze (environ 3000-1500 avant J. -C. ) : approche anthracologique." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010721.
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Pour comprendre la dynamique des végétations en interaction avec les sociétés humaines en Iran oriental, notre étude anthracologique a été effectuée sur les échantillons collectés de trois sites archéologiques (Tépé Damghani, Shahr-i Sokhta et le complexe de Konar Sandal), datés de l'âge du Bronze (environ 3000-1500 avant J. -C. ). Grâce à cette étude, nous avons pu distinguer différents formations végétales (la ripisylve, la formation steppique, la formation forestières ouvertes à épineux,. La formation steppe-forêt et la végétation des montagnes) exploitées par les habitants de l'Iran oriental de l'époque. La présence majeure des taxons ripisylve, indique que cette partie du Plateau iranien possédait des conditions environnementales favorables pour leur croissance. En comparant les données anthracologiques avec celles de la flore actuelle, nous avons distingué quelques changements sur la structure végétale de cette partie de l'Iran. La végétation ancienne de l'Iran oriental était plus danse et riche qu'à l'heure actuelle. Ce changement végétale peut être expliqué par les facteurs anthropiques ou/et par les facteurs environnementaux
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Larrue, Sébastien. "La dynamique des milieux et des paysages sur la marge nord-est du Parc national du Niokolo-Koba : un indicateur de rupture entre le milieu et la société mandingue (Sénégal oriental) ?" Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR30023.
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Le Parc national du Niokolo-koba est créé en 1926. En 1969, des villageois sont expulsés des terres qu'ils occupent et sont relogés à la périphérie du parc. Cet acte s'inscrit dans la logique d'une " protection dure " de la biodiversité et d'un refus de reconnaître la société malinkée capable de gérer le milieu sans le dégrader. Et pourtant, la " nature " est ici le résultat d'une coévolution complexe entre la société malinkée et son milieu. Les formations végétales en sont à la fois l'interface et la signature. Les " savanes " ou les " forêts claires " sont le reflet d'une recolonisation des ligneux sur des espaces post-culturaux dont le feu et le temps de " jachère " conditionnent la diversité et la physionomie. Nous sommes en présence de milieux qui, au fil du temps, ont été " domestiqués ". Les blocages fonciers occasionnés par le Parc national et les restrictions d'usage imposées par la forêt classée du Diambour provoquent par endroit une pénurie de terres arables. Ces contraintes conduisent les populations locales à diminuer les temps de jachère et entraînent la disparition des friches. Par ailleurs, la présence des aires protégées s'accompagne d'une transformation des mentalités qui amène la société à considérer le milieu différemment. Cet ensemble de faits se manifeste par une régression de la mosai͏̈que forestière au profit d'une banalisation des paysages caractérisée par la perte des divers types de formations végétales soudaniennesThe Niokolo-Koba National Park was created in 1926. In 1969, some villagers were expelled from the lands where they had lived and relocated on the fringe of the national park. That step was in keeping with a policy of "hard protection" of biodiversity and a disregard for the Malinke community, which was considered as incapable of managing the environment without degrading it. Nevertheless, what we call "nature" here is the result of a complex coevolution of the Malinke community and their environment, a coevolution of which plant formations are both an interface and a signature. The "savannahs" or dry forests result from a recolonizing by ligneous plants of previously cultivated areas, the diversity and physionomy of which are conditioned by bushfires and the duration of the fallow period. These are environments which have been "domesticated" over the years. The land use restrictions linked with the national park development and the limitations imposed by the preservation of the Diambour classified forest have brought about a shortage of arable land in some places. These conditions have forced the local populations to reduce the duration of the fallow period and have brought about the disappearance of fallow areas. The existence of protected areas generally leads to a transformation of attitudes, thereby modifying society's perception of the environment. All these factors have served to impoverish the forest, which has given way to unexceptional landscapes following the loss of several types of sudanian plant formations
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Jeunot, Lucile. "Les monnayages gaulois dans l'Est de la France : émissions et circulation." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA1024.
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L’inventaire des monnaies de la Tène finale, a permis de collecter dans les collections publiques et privées de l’Est de la France, un corpus de 3655 monnaies dont plus de 40% étaient inédites. Ceci fournit un échantillon qui autorise des analyses typologiques et des répartitions géographiques. Comme les trouvailles anciennes sont souvent dépourvues de contexte archéologique, les questions de l’apparition, de la circulation des séries, de leur chronologie interne ou de la chronologie relative des séries entre elles, peuvent encore faire débat. 301 types et variantes monétaires, répartis entre potins, bronzes, monnaies d’argent et d’or, ont été identifiés, issus de contextes diversifiés (d’oppida, agglomérations, habitats isolés, tombes, sanctuaires ou grottes) mais aucun centre émetteur n’est discernable. L’émergence de faciès locaux permet de s’interroger sur la chronologie et le statut des productions et montre que les monnaies de forte valeur circulent précocement, sur des territoires privilégiés ; qu’un même faciès monétaire unit les sites de même nature, bien que les oppida livrent des ensembles spécifiques de leur rang ; et qu’un potin de diffusion anodine, caractérise une émission près de Mandeure. L’analyse de la géographie monétaire permet la mise en évidence de variantes de denier de Kaletedoy et de potin à la grosse tête, qui se diffusent préférentiellement sur le territoire séquane. De même, des faciès numismatiques déterminent des entités géographiques et posent le problème des limites territoriales. En l’occurrence, l’heure n’est plus à attribuer, les monnayages à des peuples émetteurs, mais à raisonner, avec des cartes de répartition des monnaies gauloisesThe inventory of the celtic coins of Tène finale, made it possible to collect in the public and prived collections of the East of France, a corpus of 3655 currencies of which more than 40% were new. This provides a sample which authorizes typological analyses and geographical distributions. As the old lucky finds are often deprived of archaeological context, the questions of the appearance, of the circulation of the series, their internal chronology or the relative chronology of the series between them, can still make debate. 301 monetary types and alternatives, distributed between « potins », bronzes, silver moneys and gold, were identified, resulting from diversified contexts (from oppida, agglomerations, habitats, tombs, sanctuaries or caves) but no producing center is not discernible. The emergence of local facies makes it possible to wonder about the chronology and the statute of the productions and shows that the currencies of strong value circulate precociously, on privileged territories; that the same monetary facies links the sites of comparable nature, although the oppida deliver specific sets of their row; and that a « potin » of confidential diffusion, characterizes an emission close to Mandeure. The analysis of the monetary geography allows the description of many variety of « Kaletedoy » denarius and « potins à la grosse tete » which are diffused preferentially on the « séquane » territory. In the same way, of the facies numismatics determine geographical entities and pose the problem of the territorial limits. In fact, the hour is not any more to allot, coinings with transmitting people, but to reason, with charts of distribution of the celtic currencies
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Chafaï, Djamila. "Micromycètes des sédiments d'oueds et d'effluents industriels de l'Est algérien." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE18002.
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Belhaj, Oumkeltoum. "Gisement d'antimoine du massif du Tazekka (Maroc Oriental) : minéralogie, fluides hydrothermaux et conditions de formation." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30252.
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Le massif du tazekka, structure par l'orogenese hercynienne, (maroc oriental) contient des mineralisations de nature variee (sb, as, pb, zn, cu, w, mo, bi,. . . ). Notre etude a porte principalement sur les mineralisations antimoniferes des gites de sned et de boujaada. Le gite du sned est encaisse dans les schistes du tazekka (ordovicien inferieur). Celui de boujaada nord est dans des breches andesitiques du viseen superieur-namurien a. L'etude paragenetique et chimique et celle des inclusions fluides ont permis de distinguer deux phases de mineralisation. A sned, la phase i a fe-sb-pb-au comprend quatre parageneses successives; elle est en relation avec des fluides a h2oco2 de faible salinite (2 a 6% nacl) et de temperature elevee, decroissante de 340 a 200c. A boujaada nord, la phase i a fe-as-sb-(zn-cu) est constituee de cinq stades de depot en relation avec un fluide aqueux a 3% nacl evoluant a temperature decroissante de 350 a 200c. La stibine i des deux gites est ante-westphalienne et la stibine ii de sned est en liaison avec la tectonique tangentielle post-westphalienne. Les mineraux de la seconde phase ont precipite par reaction d'un fluide riche en pb-zn-fe (sned) ou cu-pb-zn-ba (boujaada nord) avec les mineraux de la phase i. Le fluide contient jusqu'a 26% nacl pout t<170c. La forte salinite suggere une relation avec les formations triasiques (mesozoique precoce). La determination de la speciation de l'antimoine et le calcul a 200 et 250c de la solubilite de la stibine en fonction du ph et de l'activite du soufre montrent le role de ces parametres sur la precipitation de la stibine. L'etude des mineralisations encaisses dans le granite du tazekka et dans son aureole de schistes montre une zonalite spatiale de distribution des elements: w-(sn)-as-bi dans le granite et son aureole de contact; pb-cu-zn dans l'aureole externe et sb en position plus eloignee
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Bensaâd, Ali. "Bilans hydriques et domaines bioclimatiques dans l'est algérien." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10037.
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Le probleme de l'eau est le probleme central de l'environnement en algerie et celle-ci est sous la menace constante de l'aridite. Dans ce travail nous essayons donc d'evaluer l'emprise et les effets de cette aridite sur le potentiel bioclimatique dans l'est algerien par le biais des bilans hydriques. Les precipitations et l'etp(evapotranspiration potentielle) etant les deux elements de base des bilans hydriques, nous avons d'abord aborde separement chacun de ces deux elements de base qui, a travers leurs caracteristiques, vont faconner une part essentielle de celles des bilans hydriques, tentant ainsi une premiere approche ecologique. Nous avons ensuite dresse un bilan detaille de l'eau pour notre espace, et dans la confrontation entre ses differentes parties. Ce bilan detaille nous a ainsi permis de connaitre le detail de la situation hydrique de chacun des points d'etude(les stations) mais aussi les variations spatio-temporelles de la situation hydrique a travers l'ensemble de notre espace d'etude, dans leurs details. C'est a partir de ce detail que nous avons pu apprecier les nuances de la situation bioclimatique de notre region et nuancer les effets de l'aridite. Ceux-ci ont pu egalement etre nuances grace a l'articulation de l'expression de l'aridite avec les autres expressions(notamment le surplus) qui permet de situer celle-ci(l'aridite) dans la realite de son environnement. Entre autres ont ete ainsi etablis un calendrier hydro-agricole et une synthese du rapport besoins/disponibilites en eau. En se basant sur les resultats des bilans hydriques, nous avons etabli une regionalisation bioclimatique. En substitution aux multiples indices empiriques qui ont ete les seuls utilises jusque la pour les classifications climatiques ou bioclimatiques en algerie(et qui aboutissent toujours a une sous-estimation de l'aridite et une nonprise en compte de la variabilite). Nous proposons une regionalisation basee sur des criteres physiques et hydriques rigoureusement quantifies. Nous avons tenu a conclure notre etude par l'application des bilans hydriques a l'etude de cas concrets dans le premier cas, tenant compte de l'importance occupee dans le champs des etudes bioclimatiques au maghreb par le coefficient pluviometrique d'emberger et de la masse importante d'etudes realisees selon cette methode, nous avons tente de donner une interpretation physique et hydrique a
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Cabellos, Rafael Johanna Milena. "Aplicación de la guia Pmbok en el desarrollo de un proyecto educativo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2012. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/527.
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This thesis attempts to convey the importance of good project management and the advantages to offer the standard PMBOK. This standard is only a guide to "Best Practices" that does not mean that the knowledge described should always be applied uniformly across all projects: the project management team is responsible for determining what is appropriate for each particular project.
Within the thesis developed the following plans and recommendations for each:
Plan Scope Management, Plan time management, plan cost management, plan quality management, Plan human resources management, plan communication management, Plan risk management, and Plan procurement management.
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Daiboun, Thami. "Recherches sur les bilans de l'eau : climatiques et agroclimatiques dans les plaines du couloir de Taza-Oujda (Maroc oriental)." Paris 4, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA040106.
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Gerberding, Daniela. ""Memory running out of my mouth so easily, a stream of living water" : Erinnern und Erzählen in den Romanen und autobiographischen Erzählungen von Eva Figes /." Münster : Lit, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41273642q.
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Cavallo, Katherine. "“WATCHING” WHAT WE EAT: WHAT TELEVISION IS MODELING." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/528109.
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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.Background: Obesity has transitioned from an individual health concern to being a national problem with almost two‐thirds of the adult population in the United States now overweight or obese1. Television potentially provides a medium in which to model healthy and unhealthy behaviors to millions of viewers each week. Although there is no quick solution to obesity, promoting and normalizing healthy lifestyles in today’s most viewed shows may be one tool to help combat an obesogenic lifestyle. Research Question: To what degree do today’s most popular sitcoms model healthy and unhealthy behaviors? Methods: A scorecard with 11 behaviors (6 healthy and 5 unhealthy) was created using publically published guidelines from the Center for Disease Control (CDC)1,2,3, World Health Organization (WHO)4, and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)5,6. The top three sitcoms for the 2013‐2014 season, as determined by TV Guide, were viewed and analyzed by one evaluator. These included The Big Bang Theory, The Millers, and Modern Family7. Results: In total, 898 unhealthy behaviors and 532 healthy behaviors were portrayed. The Big Bang Theory demonstrated the most behaviors overall and had the most favorable ratio of healthy to unhealthy behaviors at 1/1.1, compared to 1/3.8 for The Millers and 1/3.2 for Modern Family. The most common unhealthy behavior viewed was beverage choice with 492 occurrences. One of the least portrayed healthy behaviors was moderate physical activity with only 47 instances. In two of the three shows, there were remarkably few examples of fruit and vegetable consumption. Conclusion: Today’s top three sitcoms expose their viewers to many healthy and unhealthy behaviors during the span of a 22‐minute show. Significantly more unhealthy behaviors were portrayed than healthy behaviors. The most common unhealthy behavior centered on beverage choice. This is a behavior that can easily be adjusted to promote a healthier lifestyle. Additionally, food content could reflect more healthy choices. Television shows reach millions of viewers each week and may prove to be a useful tool in helping to reinforce and normalize healthy lifestyle choices.
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Golberg, Jean-Marc. "Le métamorphisme mésozoi͏̈que dans la partie orientale des Pyrénées : relations avec l'évolution de la chaîne au Crétacé." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20175.
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Ce metamorphisme de basse pression pouvant atteindre localement des temperatures de 600 **(o) c est caracterise par des gradients tres forts. Le pic thermique est atteint avant la deformation majeure. Des fluides riches en co::(2) issus de reactions de decarbonation ont pu localement brechifier la serie mesozoique. La circulation de ce type de fluide dans les zones de fractures a du jouer un role important dans le transport de la chaleur. La tectonique cassante post-metamorphique perturbe le dispositif thermique initial. Ce metamorphisme est lie a une anomalie thermique resultant d'un amincissement crustal dans la zone nord pyreneenne pendant le mouvement transformant senestre de l'iberie par rapport a l'europe
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Pacheco, Neves Sergio. "Etude des relations entre magmatisme et zones de cisaillement lithosphériques : exemple des décrochements de Pernambuco et Fazenda Nova - Etat de Pernambuco - Brésil." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20002.
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Les relations entre magmatisme et zones de cisaillement sont au cur des debats actuels en tectonique. La province borborema au ne du bresil est un endroit privilegie pour etudier ces relations car un magmatisme abondant et varie y est souvent associe avec de grands decrochements ductiles. Dans la region de caruaru, etat de pernambuco, un grand massif de granitoide est borde par le decrochement de pernambuco et recoupe par le decrochement de fazenda nova. Une etude pluridisciplinaire conduite dans cette region montre que: (a) la deformation regionale, la mise en place de magmas et le developpement de zones de cisaillement ont ete des evenements successifs etroitement lies dans le temps ; (b) la mise en place du massif est legerement anterieure aux decrochements, par lesquels il a ete ensuite cisaille avant d'etre completement solidifie. Il est suggere que la presence du massif de granitoide ait favorise une localisation de la deformation et la nucleation des zones de cisaillement. Une comparaison avec d'autres plutons dans la province borborema indique que ce processus peut etre plus commun que precedemment reconnu. Neanmoins, la presence d'essaims de dykes dans les decrochements de pernambuco et fazenda nova montre qu'ils ont ensuite servi comme conduits pour la monte des magmas, dont une partie parait etre d'origine mantelique. Cela suggere que les decrochements aient atteint un caractere lithospherique au cours de leur developpement. Les implications de cette etude pour l'evolution tectonique de la province borborema sont discutees dans la partie finale de ce memoire
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Lortal, Canguilhem Barbara. "«Caractérisation de sept lignées cellulaires humaines de cancer de vessie pour les principaux marqueurs de la transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse, Twist1 et E-cadhérine, et pour une nouvelle drogue, le saracatinib. »." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR22026/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le cancer de la vessie représente le 4ième cancer en terme d’incidence. La mortalité de ce cancer est principalement due à la formation de métastases secondaires. Actuellement, aucun des médicaments disponibles sur le marché ne permet d’éviter la rechute ni de contrôler la dissémination métastatique. L’enjeu thérapeutique principal dans ce cancer est donc le contrôle de la dissémination métastatique. Le mécanisme de formation des métastases est connu et implique la transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse (EMT) qui permet aux cellules épithéliales d’acquérir les caractéristiques des cellules mésenchymateuse, ainsi que la capacité d’invasion. Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes posés 2 questions. Twist1 protéine connue comme régulateur central dans l’EMT, peut-elle être une cible pronostique et pharmacologique dans le cancer de la vessie ? L’utilisation d’un nouvel anti-invasif le saracatinib, peut il être un nouveau traitement dans le cancer de la vessie. Pour répondre à ces questions, nous avons caractérisé nos lignées de cancer de vessie, pour la protéine Twist1, mais aussi pour les principaux marqueurs de l’EMT (E-cadhérine, N-cadhérine, vimentine). Puis nous avons testé pharmacologiquement (cytotoxicité et invasivité) nos lignées pour le saracatinib. L’expression de la molécule Twist1 a été décevante, seulement une lignée exprime Twist1, de manière faible, et non homogène. Twist n’est donc pas une cible potentielle dans le cancer de la vessie. La sensibilité d’un point de vue cytotoxique au saracatinib est liée à l’expression de la E-cadhérine. Cependant il n’existe pas de relation entre l’expression de la E-cadhérine et l’action anti-invasive du saracatinib. Toutes les lignées sont sensibles. Dans la lignée SD48 (E-cadhérine positive), il y a une augmentation de la protéine E-cadhérine, ainsi qu’une nette relocalisation à la membrane sous traitement saracatinib. La voie du saracatinib semble passer par la E-cadherine, mais cette dernière n’explique pas en totalité son actionBladder cancer is the 4th cancer in the world. The mortality is principally caused by metastatic dissemination. Currently, no medicine can controle the relapse, and the metastatic dissemination. The principal therapeutic stategy is the contrôle of dissemination. Le mecanisme of metastate synthesis is knowed, and implicate the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) who change epithelial cells in mesenchymental cell and acquisition of invasivity. In this work, 2 questions are asking. The Twist1 protein who‘s a central regulator of EMT, can be a new prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic target in bladder cancer ? The use of a new anti-invasif drug saracatinib, can be a new treatment in the bladder cancer. To answer at this questions, we carcaterise your cells lines for Twist1 and main EMT marquers (E-cadhérine, N-cadhérine, vimentine). Than we test pharmacology response (cytotoxicity and anti-invasivity) of cells lines for saracatinib. The Twist1 expression is very disappointing, only one cells line is expressing Twist1, poorly, and non homogenous. Twist1 is not a good target in bladder cancer. The cytotoxic sensibility is linked to E-cadherin expression. However, there is no relation between E-cadherin expression and anti-invasive action for saracatinib. All the cells lines are sensitive. In the cells line SD48 (E-cadherin positive), there is an increase of E-cadherin protein, and a localisation at the membrane under saracatinib treatment. The saracatinib seem to use E-cadherin pathway, but thys way not expliquate all the action
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Ouakib, Kaddour. "Evolution structurale et halocinétique du bassin de Guercif, Maroc nord oriental." Orléans, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ORLE2074.
Full textAbstract:
L'objet de ce mémoire est l'étude des structures diapiriques du bassin de Guercif dans leur contexte géodynamique et structural. L'ampleur et le nombre de ces structures impliquent la nécessité de corrélations avec les autres manifestations de la tectonique régionale, mais aussi avec les mouvements de la lithosphère à l'échelle méditerranéenne. Au terme de cette étude, les modalités de développement des structures diapiriques et leurs rapports avec les phénomènes sédimentaires et structuraux régionaux semblent pouvoir être décrits et recevoir un début d'explication.