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Dziuk, G., and C. M. Elliott. "Finite elements on evolving surfaces." IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis 27, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 262–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imanum/drl023.
Bruce, J. W., P. J. Giblin, and F. Tari. "Parabolic curves of evolving surfaces." International Journal of Computer Vision 17, no. 3 (March 1996): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00128235.
Given an [Formula: see text]-dimensional convex surface [Formula: see text] in the Euclidean space [Formula: see text], this initial surface can be deformed into a convex surface with constant width by a new evolution model which preserves the convexity of the evolving surface, provided that the initial principal curvatures satisfy a [Formula: see text]-pinching condition. Some examples of the flow are also constructed via spherical harmonic expansion of the support function.
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Lang, Lukas F., and Otmar Scherzer. "Optical flow on evolving sphere-like surfaces." Inverse Problems and Imaging 11, no. 2 (March 2017): 305–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/ipi.2017015.
Wang, Chuan, and Hui Xia. "Numerical evidence of persisting surface roughness when deposition stops." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2022, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 013202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ac4041.
Abstract Do evolving surfaces become flat or not with time evolving when material deposition stops? As one qualitative exploration of this interesting issue, modified stochastic models for persisting roughness have been proposed by Schwartz and Edwards (2004 Phys. Rev. E 70 061602). In this work, we perform numerical simulations on the modified versions of Edwards–Wilkinson (EW) and Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) systems when the angle of repose is introduced. Our results show that the evolving surface always presents persisting roughness during the flattening process, and sand dune-like morphology could gradually appear, even when the angle of repose is very small. Nontrivial scaling properties and differences of evolving surfaces between the modified EW and KPZ systems are also discussed.
We study the asymptotic limit of some evolving surface partial differential equations. We first examine the setting of an evolving surface with prescribed velocity, extending the method of formally matched asymptotic expansions to account for the movement of the domain. We apply this method to the Cahn-Hilliard equation, considering various forms for the mobility and potential functions. In particular looking at different scalings of the mobility with respect to the interface thickness parameter. Mullins-Sekerka type problems are derived with additional terms which are due to the domain evolution. We then consider the evolving surface finite element method and applying it to the Cahn-Hilliard equation in an evolving surface setting. We do this so as to support the theoretical findings as well as to further explore some interesting behaviour of solutions. We finally examine the setting of an evolving surface with an unknown surface velocity, described by a geometric evolution equation coupled to intrinsic fields on the surface. The method of formally matched asymptotic expansions is further extended to account for the unknown surface. We apply the technique to a derived model for focal cell adhesion which aims to extend a known model from the literature. We finish with simulations of a reduced model of our derived version.
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Gomes, José. "Implicit representations of evolving manifolds in computer vision." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5692.
Nous présentons un certain nombre de représentations implicites de variétés de codimension arbitraire et les comparons aux méthodes déjà proposées. Nous nous efforçons de concilier les trois propriétés suivantes: stabilité, caractére intrinsèque et flexibilité. Notre méthodologie consiste à exprimer les propriétés précédentes sous la forme de contraintes quantitatives qui devront être satisfaites par les représentations. Naturellement, maintenir ces contraintes au cours du temps fait apparaître un certain nombre d'équations aux dérivées partielles. Chaque fois que cela nous est possible, nous résolvons ces équations par la méthode des caractéristiques mais il arrive aussi que nous utilisions le calcul des variations pour imposer les contraintes. Nous commençons par regarder le cas des hyper-surfaces fermées en suivant cette méthodologie. Cette étude est appuyée par des expériences en recouvrement de forme (en vision stéréographique et en imagerie médicale). Puis nous proposons une théorie fondée sur les travaux d'Ambrosio & Soner et Ruuth & Merriman & Osher qui permet potentiellement de traiter des situations plus générales. L'implémentation de cette théorie est également discutée et un résultat très préliminaire présenté.
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Wärnegård, Johan. "A Cut Finite Element Method for Partial Differential Equations on Evolving Surfaces." Thesis, KTH, Numerisk analys, NA, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190802.
This thesis deals with cut finite element methods (CutFEM) for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) on evolving interfaces. Such PDEs arise for example in the study of insoluble surfactants in multiphase flow. In CutFEM, the interface is embedded in a larger mesh which need not respect the geometry of the interface. For example, the mesh of a two dimensional space containing a curve, may be used in order to solve a PDE on the curve. Consequently, in time-dependent problems, a fixed background mesh, in which the time-dependent domain is embedded, may be used. The cut finite element method requires a representation of the interface. Previous work on CutFEM has mostly been done using linear segments to represent the interfaces. Due to the linear interface representation the proposed methods have been of, at most, second order. Higher order methods require better than linear interface representation. In this thesis, a second order CutFEM is implemented using an explicit spline representation of the interface and the convection-diffusion equation for surfactant transport along a deforming interface is solved on a curve subject to a given velocity field. The markers, used to explicitly represent the interface, may due to the velocity field spread out alternately cluster. This may cause the interface representation to worsen. A method for keeping the interface markers evenly spread, proposed by Hou et al., is numerically investigated in the case of convection-diffusion. The method, as implemented, is shown to not be useful. Denna masteruppsats behandlar cut finite element methods (CutFEM) för att lösa partiella differentialekvationer (PDEs) på dynamiska gränsytor. Sådana ekvationer uppstår exempelvis i studiet av olösliga surfaktanter i flerfasflöde. I CutFEM innesluts gränsytan av ett större nät som ej behöver anpassas efter gränsytans geometri. Exempelvis kan ett tvådimensionellt nät användas för att lösa en PDE på en kurva som innesluts av nätet. Följaktligen kan ett fixt nät användas i tidberoende problem. CutFEM kräver en representation av gränsytan. I tidigare arbete har linjära segment använts för att representera gränsytan. På grund av den linjära representation av gränsytan har föreslagna metoder varit av högst andra ordningen. För att gå till högre ordningens metoder krävs en bättre representation av gränsytan. I denna uppsats implementeras CutFEM tillsammans med en explicit splinerepresentation av gränsytan för att lösa konvektions- och diffusionsekvationen för transport av surfaktanter längsmed en rörlig kurva. Metoden är av andra ordningens noggrannhet. Markörerna som används för att explicit representera ytan kan, på grund av hastighetsfältet, ömsom ansamlas ömsom spridas ut. Därvid kan approximationen av gränsytan försämras. En metod för att behålla markörerna jämt utspridda, framförd av Hou et al., undersöks numeriskt. Som implementerad i denna uppsats döms metoden ej vara användbar.
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Mansour, Dhia [Verfasser], and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Lubich. "Numerical Analysis of Partial Differential Equations on Evolving Surfaces / Dhia Mansour ; Betreuer: Christian Lubich." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1162896515/34.
Stroot, Maren [Verfasser]. "Singular behaviour of rotationally symmetric surfaces of codimension two evolving under mean curvature flow / Maren Stroot." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1008374482/34.
Lopez, David. "Diagrammes de Voronoï et surfaces évolutives." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0247.
Dans ce mémoire, nous proposons une technique de remaillage adaptée au suivi de surfaces déformables, typiquement la surface libre d'un liquide. Ce domaine surfacique voit sa géométrie et sa topologie évoluer au cours du temps par déplacement de ces sommets aussi, les éléments constitutifs du maillage (arêtes et facettes) sont tous potentiellement contractés ou dilatés et requièrent une ré-évaluation. Nous proposons ici d'exploiter une technique de remaillage fondée sur les diagrammes de Voronoï ; ces derniers offrent une une partition de l'espace et, plus particulièrement, du domaine surfacique considéré. Cette décomposition permet entre autre d'optimiser la répartition d'un ensemble d'échantillons sur ce domaine et d'en définir une triangulation remarquable : la triangulation de Delaunay restreinte. Cette solution de remaillage n'est efficace que lorsque certaines conditions sont réunies. Aussi, le premier travail a consisté à mettre en œuvre une technique d'analyse des configurations de cellules permettant d'assurer que l'objet dual répond à l'appellation de variété triangulée et qu'il est homéomorphe au domaine initial. Pour les configurations moins favorables, nous avons développé une méthode de correction automatique du partitionnement ; elle s'appuie sur la précédente analyse et propose une nouvelle approximation minimale pour chacune des cellules mise en défaut. Un second travail propose d'améliorer la proximité entre le maillage initial et le résultat du remaillage : il s'agit de minimiser l'erreur d'approximation qui est ici exprimée sous forme de différences locales de volume. Ces deux outils sont associés à une stratégie d'échantillonnage qui permet de maintenir une densité d'échantillonnage constante tout au long de la déformation et propose ainsi une nouvelle méthode de suivi d'une surface libre pour la simulation d'écoulement de fluides incompressibles In this paper, we propose to address the problem of tracking a deformable surface, typically the free surface of a liquid. This surface domain sees its geometry and topology evolve over time by displacement of its vertices, so the elements of the mesh (edges and facets) are all potentially contracted or expanded and require a remeshing. To do so, we propose to use a technique based on restricted Voronoi diagrams. Voronoi diagrams offer a space partition and, more particularly, a partition of the surface domain considered that allow us, among other things, to optimize the distribution of a sample set among the domain and to define a specific triangulation : the restricted Delaunay triangulation.This remeshing solution is only effective when certain conditions are met. Therefore, the first work consisted in implementing an analysis of the restricted cell configurations to ensure that the dual object meets the definition of triangulated manifold and that it is homeomorphic to the initial domain. For less favourable configurations, we have developed a method to correct the partition automatically. Based on the previous analysis, the method proposes a new minimal approximation for each of the faulty cells, thus we can limit the number of vertices used, contrary to the classical Delaunay refinement.A second work proposes to improve the proximity between the initial mesh and the result of the remeshing : new vertex positions are finely adjusted to minimize the approximation error which is here expressed as local volume differences.These tools are combined with a sampling strategy that allows to maintain a constant sampling density throughout the deformation and thus we propose a new method to track free surfaces in incompressible fluid simulation
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Vierling, Morten [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Hinze. "Control-constrained parabolic optimal control problems on evolving surfaces : theory and variational discretization / Morten Vierling. Betreuer: Michael Hinze." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1042753873/34.
This thesis work will investigate and implement a method for reconstructing an unstructured mesh sequence with evolving topology. The goal of the method is to increase frame-to-frame coherency of the triangulation. The motivation of the method is that many of current state-of-the-art mesh compression and decimation algorithms for mesh sequences are based on static connectivity.
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Scott, Michael R. "A parabolic PDE on an evolving curve and surface with finite time singularity." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/66752/.
We consider the heat equation ∂∙tu + u∇M(t) . v - ∆M(t)u = 0 u(x,0) = u0 x ∈ M(0) on an evolving curve which forms a "kink" in finite time. We describe the behaviour of the solution at the singularity and look to continue the solution past the singularity. We perturb the heat equation and study the effects of a deterministic perturbation and a stochastic perturbation on the solution, before the singularity. We then consider the heat equation on an evolving surface that forms a "cone" singularity in finite time and study the behaviour of the solution at the singularity. We then look to continue the solution past the singularity, in some probabilistic sense. Finally, we consider the heat equation on an evolving curve, where the evolution of the curve is coupled to the solution of the equation on the curve. We prove existence and uniqueness of the solution for small times, before any singularity can occur.
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Power, Christian Andreas [Verfasser], and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Lubich. "Numerical Analysis of the evolving surface finite element method for some parabolic problems / Christian Andreas Power ; Betreuer: Christian Lubich." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1167248279/34.
DeMoore, Tamar Henkin and Karin Janel. Evolving Debt Finance Practices for Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/24801.
Xu, Xiaojian. Shi bian hai mian lei da mu biao san she xian xiang xue mo xing: Radar phenomenological models for ships on time-evolving sea surface. 8th ed. Beijing Shi: Guo fang gong ye chu ban she, 2013.
Knopf, Dan, Israel Michael Sigal, and Gang Zhou. Neckpinch Dynamics for Asymmetric Surfaces Evolving by Mean Curvature Flow. American Mathematical Society, 2018.
(Editor), John M. Ball, David Kinderlehrer (Editor), Paulo Podio-Guidugli (Editor), Marshall Slemrod (Editor), and E. Fried (Introduction), eds. Evolving Phase Interfaces in Solids: Fundamental Contributions to the Continuum Theory of Evolving Phase Interfaces in Solids. Springer, 1998.
Fundamental contributions to the continuum theory of evolving phase interfaces in solids: A collection of reprints of 14 seminal papers, dedicated to Morton E. Gurtin on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday. Berlin: Springer, 1999.
The Global Virome: The viruses have a global distribution, phylogenetic diversity, and host specificity. They are obligate intracellular parasites with single- or double-stranded DNA or RNA genomes, and afflict bacteria, plants, animals, and human population. The infecting virus binds to receptor proteins on the host cell surface, followed by internalisation, replication, and cell lysis. Further, trans-species interactions of viruses with bacteria, small eukaryotes and host are linked with various zoonotic viral diseases and disease progression.
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Gündüz, Güngör. Chemistry, Materials, and Properties of Surface Coatings: Traditional and Evolving Technologies. DEStech Publications, Inc, 2015.
Baruah, Darshana M. India’s Evolving Maritime Domain Awareness Strategy in the Indian Ocean. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199479337.003.0010.
Darshana Baruah, an emerging Indian maritime security analyst, examines India’s heightened focus on improving maritime domain awareness in the coastal domain, EEZ and far seas. This is increasingly being driven by growing naval presence in the Indian Ocean. Of particular concern is India’s ability to monitor the passage of PLA Navy submarine passages to Pakistan and elsewhere in the Indian Ocean. Despite improved maritime situational awareness in coastal waters, India still has difficulty in tracking surface and subsurface vessels transiting its EEZ or neighbouring waters. This will likely require coordination and collaboration with friendly states. Baruah concludes that despite India’s traditional attachment to strategic autonomy, the difficulties in any one country developing maritime domain awareness across the Indian Ocean will be a key driver in greater defence cooperation with the United States and its allies.
A Choice Outstanding Academic Title 2016 Satire has been used in ceramic production for centuries. Historically, it occurred as a slogan or proverb written into the ceramic surface; as pictorial surface imagery; or as a satirical figurine. The use of satire in contemporary ceramics is a rapidly evolving trend, with many artists subverting or otherwise rethinking familiar historic forms to make a political point. Claudia Clare examines the relationship between ceramics, social politics, and political movements and the way both organisations and individual artists have used pots - predominantly domestic objects - to agitate among the masses or simply express their ideas. Ninety colour illustrations of various subversive, satirical and campaigning works illustrate her arguments and enliven debate. Claudia Clare explores work by artists from twenty-one different countries, from 500 BC to the present day. These range range from the French artist Honore Daumier and the enslaved African-American potter David Drake to contemporary artists including Lubaina Himid, Virgil Ortiz and Shlomit Bauman, whose work and the means of its production has addressed or commented upon issues such as disputed homelands, identify, race, gender and colonialism.
Book chapters on the topic "Evolving surfaces":
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Younes, Laurent. "Evolving Curves and Surfaces." In Shapes and Diffeomorphisms, 115–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12055-8_6.
Younes, Laurent. "Evolving Curves and Surfaces." In Shapes and Diffeomorphisms, 131–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58496-5_5.
Teng, Xu, Prabin Giri, Matthew Dwyer, Jidong Sun, and Goce Trajcevski. "Local Temporal Compression for (Globally) Evolving Spatial Surfaces." In Big Data Analytics, 324–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37188-3_19.
Schlodder, E. "Electron transfer in the oxygen-evolving system II of photosynthesis." In Cell Walls and Surfaces, Reproduction, Photosynthesis, 206–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48652-4_15.
Ukwatta, Eranga, Jing Yuan, Martin Rajchl, and Aaron Fenster. "Efficient Global Optimization Based 3D Carotid AB-LIB MRI Segmentation by Simultaneously Evolving Coupled Surfaces." In Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2012, 377–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33454-2_47.
Kirisits, Clemens, Lukas F. Lang, and Otmar Scherzer. "Optical Flow on Evolving Surfaces with an Application to the Analysis of 4D Microscopy Data." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 246–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38267-3_21.
Jin, Hailin, Anthony J. Yezzi, and Stefano Soatto. "Region-Based Segmentation on Evolving Surfaces with Application to 3D Reconstruction of Shape and Piecewise Constant Radiance." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 114–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24671-8_9.
Sokolov, Andriy, Oleg Davydov, and Stefan Turek. "Numerical Study of the RBF-FD Level Set Based Method for Partial Differential Equations on Evolving-in-Time Surfaces." In Meshfree Methods for Partial Differential Equations IX, 117–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15119-5_7.
Gerlich, W. H., K. H. Heermann, and Lu Xuanyong. "Functions of hepatitis B surface proteins." In Chronically Evolving Viral Hepatitis, 129–32. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-5633-9_28.
Petre, J., T. Rutgers, and P. Hauser. "Properties of a recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B surface antigen containing S, preS2 and preSl antigenic domains." In Chronically Evolving Viral Hepatitis, 137–41. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-5633-9_30.
Conference papers on the topic "Evolving surfaces":
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Plantinga, Simon, and Gert Vegter. "Contour generators of evolving implicit surfaces." In the eighth ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/781606.781614.
Yu, Wei, Franz Franchetti, James C. Hoe, and Tsuhan Chen. "Highly Efficient Performance Portable Tracking of Evolving Surfaces." In 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Parallel & Distributed Processing (IPDPS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipdps.2012.36.
Jiang, Dan, and Xiaojian Xu. "Multi-path backscattering from ships over time-evolving sea surfaces." In 2010 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceaa.2010.5653083.
Guo, X. Y., and M. Y. Xia. "Modeling of pulse responses from time-evolving ocean-like surfaces." In IGARSS 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6352442.
Nemadjieu, Simplice Firmin, Theodore E. Simos, George Psihoyios, and Ch Tsitouras. "A Convergent Finite Volume Type O-method on Evolving Surfaces." In ICNAAM 2010: International Conference of Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics 2010. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3498404.
Li, Xiaofei, and Xiaojian Xu. "Doppler spectral analysis for two-dimensional time-evolving nonlinear sea surfaces." In SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, edited by Firooz A. Sadjadi, Abhijit Mahalanobis, Steven L. Chodos, William E. Thompson, David P. Casasent, and Tien-Hsin Chao. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.849796.
Bradbury, Matthew, Carsten Maple, Hu Yuan, Ugur Ilker Atmaca, and Sara Cannizzaro. "Identifying Attack Surfaces in the Evolving Space Industry Using Reference Architectures." In 2020 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero47225.2020.9172785.
Lo, Pechin, Eva M. van Rikxoort, Fereidoun Abtin, Shama Ahmad, Arash Ordookhani, Jonathan Goldin, and Matthew S. Brown. "Automated segmentation of pulmonary lobes in chest CT scans using evolving surfaces." In SPIE Medical Imaging, edited by Sebastien Ourselin and David R. Haynor. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2006982.
Smith, Thomas, and Suresh Menon. "The structure of constant-property propagating surfaces in a spatially evolving turbulent flow." In Fluid Dynamics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-2391.
De Corte, Wouter, Jordi Uyttersprot, and Wim Van Paepegem. "The Behavior of Tiled Laminate GFRP Composites, a Class of Robust Materials for Civil Applications." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0884.
<p>This paper focuses on the structural behavior of tiled laminate composites. Such laminates, in which the plies are not parallel to the outer surfaces are found in GFRP bridge deck panels. The technology is developed for the construction of robust GFRP panels useful in highly loaded structures such as bridges or lock gates. In civil structures, the drawback in traditional FRP sandwich structures has always been debonding of skin and core. Such a debonding problem may occur after unintentional impact, followed by fatigue loading. Through the concept of using overlapping Z-shaped and two-flanged web laminates, alternating with polyurethane foam cores, debonding is no longer possible in vacuum infused GFRP bridge deck panels. In such panels, the fibers in the upper and lower skins as well as in the vertical webs run in all directions, rendering a resin-dominated crack propagation impossible. As a result of the integration of core and skin reinforcement, a skin material is created in which the reinforcement is not parallel to the outer surfaces, but tiled. Based on experimental results and numerical simulations the relevance of tiled laminates for civil applications is demonstrated.</p>
Reports on the topic "Evolving surfaces":
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Jenkins, Brian, Bruce Butterworth, and Sachi Yagu. Evolving Patterns of Violence in Developing Countries. Mineta Transportation Institute, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2024.2344.
In August 2022, MTI issued a report entitled Changing Patterns of Violence Pose New Challenges to Public Surface Transportation in the United States. That report analyzed the frequency and lethality of attacks on public surface transport in economically advanced countries. But what has been going on in non-economically advanced countries – the vast majority of countries in the world? Using the MTI database of Terrorist and Serious Criminal Attacks Against Public Surface Transportation, the authors analyzed attacks against passenger trains and train stations, buses and bus stations and stops, and all rail infrastructure and operating and security personnel in both sets of countries between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2022. For this analysis, countries that are economically advanced are based mostly on OCED membership and are designated as Group 1, and those with developing economies and others that are not OECD members, are designated as Group 2. (Group 3 countries are Israel and territory controlled by the Palestinian authority, which MTI will address in a separate report). This report focuses on Group 2 countries, comparing them to Group 1 countries. Group 2 had more than 7 times the number of attacks, and the lethality of its attacks was 3 times greater than in Group 1. In Group 2, many countries have long-running insurgencies that produce frequent and lethal attacks. There are far more attacks on buses and bus depots and stops in Group 2, reflecting greater reliance on bus travel. Explosives dominate attack methods, and while jihadist attackers are responsible for only 9.7% of attacks, they create 33.7% of fatalities. Jihadists are the most lethal attackers in both Group 1 and Group 2 countries. Suicide attacks account for only about 3% of the attacks in both groups, but while that percentage has gone down in Group 1, it has gone up in Group 2.
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A.S. Agarwal, U. Landau, X. Shan, and J.H. Payer. Modeling the Effects of Crevice Former, Particulates , and the Evolving Surface Profile in Crevice Corrosion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/899321.
U. Landau, A.S. Agarwal, X. Shan, and J.H. Payer. Modeling the Effects of Crevice Former, Partculates, and the Evolving Surface Profile in Crevice Corrsion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/893810.
Industry is directing efforts toward reducing the environmental impact of operation through improving pipeline performance and addressing evolving regulatory requirements. As a result, external leak detection technologies have been recently developed; however, it is challenging to test these systems with real hydrocarbon products in-situ. This research project was developed to assess these external leak detection technologies' abilities to identify the presence of hydrocarbon products on the surface of water. In the first phase of the project, testing was limited to an idealized freshwater environment under ambient conditions. The second phase, described herein, was expanded to a freshwater environment under freezing conditions, where the surface of the water has frozen over. Testing was performed by releasing each test fluid (diesel, Synthetic Sweet Blend and Access Western Blend) into basins containing individual sensors. Releases were performed above the ice surface, below the ice surface, and onto the water surface after freeze/thaw cycles. Each sensor's response to contact with the test fluid was monitored and compared based on time to detection and estimated slick thickness at detection.
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Agrawal, Asha Weinstein, Kevin Yong Lee, and Serena Alexander. How Do California’s Local Governments Fund Surface Transportation? A Guide to Revenue Sources. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1938a.
California local agencies raise the revenue to support high-quality transportation services and infrastructure from a patchwork of federal, state, and local sources. To assist policymakers and transportation experts as they explore options for creating a more sustainable funding system, this report presents an overview of the taxes and fees that currently generate revenue ultimately dedicated to paying for transportation at the sub-state—or “local”—level. The discussion covers federal and state as well as local sources. The report also traces the evolving contribution from each level of government for expenditures on California’s local streets and roads and public transit, looking back two decades. The report concludes with a discussion of options for increasing local transportation revenue
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Apps, Christopher, and Tyler Johnson. PR244-173902-R01 On-water Leak Detection System Evaluation. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011504.
The hydrocarbon industry is directing efforts towards reducing the environmental impact of operation through improving pipeline performance and addressing evolving regulatory requirements. As a result, many different external leak detection technologies have been recently developed; however, it is challenging to test these systems with real hydrocarbon products. The research project described herein evaluated the performance of six external leak detection systems intended to identify the presence of hydrocarbon products on the surface of water. The scope was limited to an idealized freshwater environment. Tests were conducted with five hydrocarbon test fluids (gasoline, diesel, Synthetic Sweet Blend, Access Western Blend and Cold Lake Blend) along with three additional test fluids (canola oil, salt water and motor oil). Canola oil was considered as a candidate surrogate fluid and salt water as a possible source of false alarms, while motor oil was considered as a candidate surrogate fluid or a false alarm trigger, depending on the field application. Testing was performed by releasing each test fluid onto the surface of a water basin with six sensors located equidistant from the release point. Each sensor's response to contact with the test fluid was monitored and compared based on time to detection and estimated slick thickness at detection.
