Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Evolutive interpretation'
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Webber, Thomas. "The European Convention on Human Rights and the Living instrument doctrine : an investigation into the Convention's constitutional nature and evolutive interpretation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/413852/.
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Currently mired in controversy, the European Court of Human Rights and the Convention itself have come in for stern criticism from a diverse array of stakeholders. Of particular controversy is the Court’s utilisation of the Living instrument doctrine, which it first expressly recalled in its 1978 Tyrer v. UK decision. Confusion has continued to surround how this doctrine came about and its potential to allow the Strasbourg Judiciary to cross over the constitutional separation of judiciary and legislature. However, while the substantive idea of the Convention as a living instrument capable of evolving with European Society is legitimate, confusion still exists about how it operates and to what extent it might be used to alter existing Convention Standards. This study sets out that at the heart of this modern legitimacy crisis in the Convention system is a failed dialogical model of the Convention institutions. However, clearer explanations and a better understanding of appropriate roles of the various institutions and improved channels of dialogue may lead to a more accepted Convention system and act to calm some of the conflict surrounding the Convention today. After examination of various aspects of Convention law and practice the eventual argument is that the current crisis is largely one of failed dialogue between Convention stakeholders and is best address through an improved understanding of and discovery of European Consensus.
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Mathews, Anthony. "Systems of interpretation : rhetoric and evolution in the published interpretations of Kafka's 'Der Prozess'." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329609.
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Taylor, Mark R. "Evolution and the novels of D.H. Lawrence : a Bergsonian interpretation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:904ab62e-d1ea-4cc3-bd01-b3cba9ae3447.
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This thesis examines the degree and nature of D.H. Lawrence’s interaction with the concept of evolution, as manifest in his novels and the longer of his short stories. It addresses both Lawrence’s engagement with evolutionism directly informed by biology and his relationship with extrapolations of evolutionary ideas from outside the scientific sphere. In particular it considers the theories of Henri Bergson, and theosophical and occultist appropriations of evolutionary concepts. Instead of approaching Bergson as a philosopher of time, as has much previous research into Bergson’s impact upon modernist literature, the thesis considers how the Bergsonian notion that a ‘need of creation’ drives evolutionary development is reflected in Lawrence’s fiction. Chapter One investigates the role of the imagination in interaction with nature in Lawrence’s earliest novels, in particular The White Peacock (1911). It suggests that while creative imagination may appear to give a distorted impression of wider nature, it is nonetheless seen to be necessary for contact with the world to be enriching. Chapter Two considers the relationship between creativity and development in The Rainbow (1915) and Women in Love (1920), suggesting that creative force is seen to provide a means to resist the effects of wider cycles in nature between evolution and dissolution. In Chapter Three, Lawrence’s novels of migration and self-discovery, The Lost Girl (1920) and Aaron’s Rod (1922), are suggested to employ intricate Bergsonian structures, whereby the respective protagonists simultaneously explore multiple paths of evolutionary development, despite the ostensible paradoxes which result from this. Chapter Four, focusing upon Lawrence’s Australian fiction, considers the relationship between the hostile environment of Australia and the evolutionary development of its inhabitants. Chapter Five considers the importance of occultist evolutionism to Lawrence, using his annotations to P.D. Ouspensky’s Tertium Organum as a means to better understand the mystical aspects of the fiction he wrote while in North America. Finally, Chapter Six addresses the presentation of illness and injury in Lawrence’s work, particularly in Lady Chatterley’s Lover (1928), examining the relationship between the composition of an individual and his or her ability to fit into the structures of wider nature.
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Haig, David. "Applications of allocation and kinship models to the interpretation of vascular plant life cycles." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/23227.
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Thesis by publication.Thesis (PhD) -- Macquarie University, School of Biological Sciences, 1990.
Bibliography: leaves 269-324.
Introduction -- Models of parental allocation -- Sex expression in homosporous pteridophytes -- The origin of heterospory -- Pollination and the origin of the seed habit -- Brood reduction in gymnosperms -- Pollination: costs and consequences -- Adaptive explanations for the rise of the angiosperms -- Parent-specific gene expression and the triploid endosperm -- New perspectives on the angiosperm female gametophyte -- Overview -- Glossary -- Kinship terms in plants -- Literature Cited.
Among vascular plants/ different life cycles are associated with characteristic ranges of propagule size. In the modern flora, isospores of homosporous pteridophytes are almost all smaller than 150 urn diameter, megaspores of heterosporous pteridophytes fall in the range 100-1000 urn diameter, gymnosperm seeds are possibly all larger than the largest megaspores, but the smallest angiosperm seeds are of comparable size to large isospores. -- Propagule size is one of the most important features of a sporophyte's reproductive strategy. Roughly speaking, larger propagules have larger food reserves, and a greater probability of successful establishment, than smaller propagules, but a sporophyte can produce more smaller propagules from the same quantity of resources. Different species have adopted very different size-versus-number compromises. The characteristic ranges of propagule size, in each of the major groups of vascular plants, suggest that some life cycles are incompatible with particular size-versus-number compromises. -- Sex expression in homosporous plants is a property of gametophytes (homosporous sporophytes are essentially asexual). Gametophytes should produce either eggs or sperm depending on which course of action gives the greatest chance of reproductive success. A maternal gametophyte must contribute much greater resources to a young sporophyte than the paternal gametophyte. Therefore, smaller gametophytes should tend to reproduce as males, and gametophytes with abundant resources should tend to reproduce as females. Consistent with these predictions, large female gametophytes release substances (antheridiogens) which induce smaller neighbouring ametophytes to produce sperm. -- The mechanism of sex determination in heterosporous species appears to be fundamentally different. Large megaspores develop into female gametophytes, and small icrospores develop into male gametophytes. Sex expression appears to be determined by the sporophyte generation. This is misleading. As argued above, the optimal sex expression of a homosporous gametophyte is influenced by its access to resources. This is determined by (1) the quantity of food reserves in its spore and (2) the quantity of resources accumulated by the gametophyte's own activities. If a sporophyte produced spores of two sizes, gametophytes developing from the larger spores' would be more likely to reproduce as females than gametophytes developing from the smaller spores, because the pre-existing mechanisms of sex determination would favor production of archegonia by larger gametophytes. Thus, the predicted mechanisms of sex determination in homosporous species could also explain the differences in sex expression of gametophytes developing from large and small spores in heterosporous species.
Megaspores of living heterosporous pteridophytes contain sufficient resources for female reproduction without photosynthesis by the gametophyte (Platyzoma excepted), whereas microspores only contain sufficient resources for male reproduction. Furthermore, many more microspores are produced than megaspores. A gametophyte's optimal sex expression is overwhelmingly determined by the amount of resources supplied in its spore by the sporophyte, and is little influenced by the particular environmental conditions where the spore lands. Gametophytes determine sex expression in heterosporous species, as well as homosporous species. A satisfactory model for the evolution of heterospory needs to explain under what circumstances sporophytes will benefit from producing spores of two distinct sizes. -- In Chapter 4, I present a model for the origin of heterospory that predicts the existence of a "heterospory threshold". For propagule sizes below the threshold, homosporous reproduction is evolutionarily stable because gametophytes must rely on their own activities to accumulate sufficient resources for successful female reproduction. Whether a gametophyte can accumulate sufficient resources before its competitors is strongly influenced by environmental conditions. Gametophytes benefit from being able to adjust their sex expression in response to these conditions. For propagule sizes above the threshold, homosporous reproduction is evolutionarily unstable, because the propagule's food reserves are more than sufficient for a "male" gametophyte to fertilize all eggs within its neighbourhood. A population of homosporous sporophytes can be invaded by sporophytes that produce a greater number of smaller spores which could land in additional locations and fertilize additional eggs. Such'spores would be male-specialists on account of their size. Therefore, both spore types would be maintained in the population because of frequency-dependent selection. -- The earliest vascular plants were homosporous. Several homosporous groups gave rise to heterosporous lineages, at least one of which was the progeniture of the seed plants. The first heterosporous species appear in the Devonian. During the Devonian, there was a gradual increase in maximum spore size, possibly associated with the evolution of trees and the appearance of the first forests. As the heterospory threshold was approached, the optimal spore size for female reproduction diverged from the optimal spore size for male reproduction. Below the threshold, a compromise spore size gave the highest fitness returns to sporophytes, but above the threshold, sporophytes could attain higher fitness by producing two types of spores. -- The evolution of heterospory had profound consequences. Once a sporophyte produced two types of spores, microspores and megaspores could become specialized for male and female function respectively. The most successful heterosporous lineage (or lineages) is that of the seed plants. The feature that distinguishes seed plants from other heterosporous lineages is pollination, the capture of microspores before, rather than after, propagule dispersal. Traditionally, pollination has been considered to be a major adaptive advance because it frees sexual reproduction from dependence on external fertilization by freeswimming sperm, but pollination has a more important advantage. In heterosporous pteridophytes, a megaspore is provisioned whether or not it will be fertilized whereas seeds are only provisioned if they are pollinated.
The total cost per seed cannot be assessed solely from the seed's energy and nutrient content. Rather, each seed also has an associated supplementary cost of adaptations for pollen capture and of resources committed to ovules that remain unpollinated. The supplementary cost per seed has important consequences for understanding reproductive strategies. First, supplementary costs are expected to be proportionally greater for smaller seeds. Thus, the benefits of decreasing seed size (in order to produce more seeds) are reduced for species with small seeds. This effect may explain minimum seed sizes. Second, supplementary costs are greater for populations at lower density. Thus, there is a minimum density below which a species cannot maintain its numbers. -- By far the most successful group of seed plants in the modern flora are the angiosperms. Two types of evidence suggest that early angiosperms had a lower supplementary cost per seed than contemporary gymnosperms. First, the minimum size of angiosperm seeds was much smaller than the minimum size of gymnosperm seeds. This suggests that angiosperms could produce small seeds more cheaply than could gymnosperms. Second, angiosperm-dominated floras were more speciose than the gymnosperm-dominated floras they replaced. This suggests that the supplementary cost per seed of angiosperms does not increase as rapidly as that of gymnosperms, as population density decreases. In consequence, angiosperms were able to displace gymnosperms from many habitats, because the angiosperms had a lower cost of rarity. -- Angiosperm embryology has a number of distinctive features that may be related to the group's success. In gymnosperms, the nutrient storage tissue of the seed is the female gametophyte. In most angiosperms, this role is taken by the endosperm. Endosperm is initiated by the fertilization of two female gametophyte nuclei by a second sperm that is genetically identical to the sperm which fertilizes the egg. Endosperm has identical genes to its associated embryo, except that there are two copies of maternal genes for every copy of a paternal gene. -- Chapter 9 presents a hypothesis to explain the unusual genetic constitution of endosperm. Paternal genes benefit from their endosperm receiving more resources than the amount which maximizes the fitness of maternal genes, and this conflict is expressed as parent-specific gene expression in endosperm. The effect of the second maternal genome is to increase maternal control of nutrient acquisition. -- Female gametophytes of angiosperms are traditionally classified as monosporic, bisporic or tetrasporic. Bisporic and tetrasporic embryo sacs contain the derivatives of more than one megaspore nucleus. Therefore, there is potential for conflict between the different nuclear types within an embryo sac, but this possibility has not been recognized by plant embryologists. In Chapter 10, I show that many previously inexplicable observations can be understood in terms of genetic conflicts within the embryo sac.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
324 leaves ill
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Soul, Laura Clare. "Phylogenetic interpretations of macroevolution in deep-time." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:49ef0bb4-bcb1-4eaa-94d4-29af8e9b6a39.
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The fossil record yields information on macroevolutionary patterns that remains inaccessible from the study of extant organisms alone, presenting a natural laboratory for us to test hypotheses about the long-term drivers and processes of evolution. Fossil data are therefore increasingly incorporated into evolutionary analyses, both on their own and in combination with neontological data. Phylogeny (an explicit hypothesis of the evolutionary relationships between taxa) can be used as a framework to enable direct comparison of results of comparative methods across many different timescales and taxa, and is now commonly used in investigations of fossil data. This represents an important step towards a unified approach, however, it is not yet fully understood what the effect of using fossil data is on the results of downstream phylogenetic comparative methods, which were originally developed with only living taxa in mind. In this thesis I explore the validity of phylogenetic interpretations of fossil record data. I begin with only taxonomic classification and show that this can in some cases substitute for a cladistically inferred phylogeny in phylogenetic comparative methods, without biasing results. Moving on to scenarios where a timescaled phylogeny is available I investigate the relationship between phylogeny and extinction in the geological past, show that phylogenetic clustering of extinction was common in tetrapods, and present a summary of the ways in which fossil data biases this measurement. Finally, with timescaled phylogenies and a detailed continuous trait dataset available, I interrogate the fossil record of Sauropterygia to uncover the processes of evolutionary change in this highly labile clade. By comparing the results of a suite of phylogenetic comparative methods I demonstrate that neck length evolved through changing vertebral counts rather than somite growth; that the clade experienced a release in evolutionary constraint at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary; and that evidence does not support evolution towards a stationary adaptive peak as a suitable model for phenotypic change in the clade.
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Laing, Kathryn. "'The Sentinel' and the evolution of Rebecca West's early writing, 1910-1922." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c622e025-601f-4138-86f6-d44bd2a8d62a.
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This thesis aims to re-examine the first decade of Rebecca West's literary and journalistic career, based on an analysis of a newly discovered novel West began writing in 1909/1910. "The Sentinel", although incomplete and unrevised, is a key text to an understanding of West's early literary and feminist apprenticeship, helping to enrich reconsiderations of West's oeuvre in recent criticism. The recovery of West's writing into a female modernist canon provides a useful starting point, although the intertextual analysis of West's fiction and non-fiction during this period will show that this kind of categorisation is an inadequate representation of the complexity of her work. The limited time-frame of this study, 1910 to 1922, magnifies West's writing processes to reveal her self-conscious negotiations as a woman writer with the ferment of ideas and changes arising during the pre-war and war period, particularly in relation to contemporary feminism and an emergent male modernist aesthetic. The first chapter is concerned with identifying, dating and examining the significance of "The Sentinel" as source material for West's later published fiction and non-fiction. Many of West's pervading interests are already evident in the novel, illustrating in retrospect how her writing was shaped by differing literary contacts, feminist affiliations, the war and personal experience. Chapters Two and Three consider the impact on West's journalism and fiction of her associations with the radical feminist journal, The Freewoman, and her introduction to avant-garde writers. West's unsuccessful attempt to rewrite "The Sentinel" as the novel, Adela, is discussed in relation to selected feminist articles and the short story, "Indissoluble Matrimony", illustrating her attempts to adapt her feminist interests to aesthetic ones. Chapter Four shows how the war provided a cutting edge and a point of definition in West's writing at this time, both in her consideration of the role of art and of the gendered structures of society. The influence of writers such as H.G. Wells, Ford Madox Ford and Henry James is discussed in relation to West's preoccupation with the role of women during the Great War. This material provides an important context for the analysis of The Return of the Soldier in Chapter Five. Chapter Six is a transitional one, describing the effect of the war and its aftermath on contemporary feminist ideology, and evaluating Rebecca West's attempt to position herself as a writer and a feminist in relation to these changes. Chapter Seven argues that The Judge (1922) offers a cumulative history of West's literary and feminist apprenticeship, at once completing the cycle begun with "The Sentinel" and initiating a different stage of writing for West during the twenties.
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QUESNEL, Yoann. "INTERPRETATION DES DONNEES MAGNETIQUES MARTIENNES : CONTRAINTES SUR L' EVOLUTION PRIMITIVE DE MARS." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766102.
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Les anomalies magnétiques révélées par la sonde MGS témoignent du début de l'histoire de la planète Mars. Dans ce travail les mesures magnétiques de MGS sont utilisées pour étudier l'évolution précoce de la croûte et du noyau de Mars. Une méthode inverse est développée pour calculer les paramètres de sources crustales dipolaires. Des tests avec des données synthétiques et l'étude d'un cas terrestre prouvent l'efficacité de notre approche. Les anomalies magnétiques de 3 régions de Mars sont ensuite étudiées. L'intense (1 à 140 A/m) et profonde (30 à 145 km) aimantation de la lithosphère martienne est mise en évidence. Un modèle de serpentinisation de la lithosphère précoce de Mars est proposé pour expliquer ces résultats. En outre, les paléopôles dérivés des directions d'aimantation sont concentrés dans l'hémisphère nord-ouest de Mars, autour du complexe volcanique Tharsis. Celui-ci a pu jouer un rôle dans la réorientation de la planète, provoquant le mouvement apparent de ces pôles.
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Ebert, Karin. "Cenozoic landscape evolution in northern Sweden : geomorphological interpretation within a GIS-framework /." Stockholm : Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-30711.
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Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2009.At the time of the doctoral defence, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: In press. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript. Härtill 4 uppsatser.
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Larson, Brian. "Interpretation of Chemical Environments by RNA and the Implications to the Origins of Life." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1705.
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We describe the initial realization of behavior in the biosphere, which we term behavioral chemistry. If molecules are complex enough to attain a stochastic element to their structural conformation in such a way as to radically affect their function in a biological (evolvable) setting, then they have the capacity to behave. This circumstance is described here as behavioral chemistry, unique in its definition from the colloquial chemical behavior. This transition between chemical behavior and behavioral chemistry need be explicit when discussing the root cause of behavior, which itself lies squarely at the origins of life and is the foundation of choice. RNA polymers of sufficient length meet the criteria for behavioral chemistry and therefore are capable of making a choice.
We test these theoretical findings with a empirical systems; since RNA simultaneously possesses evolvability and catalytic function we set to construct a model system. Firstly, during in vitro transcription of the Chlorella PBCV-1 pdg intron, we observed multiple RNAs of slower electrophoretic mobility along with the expected 98-nucleotide
transcript. The preferences observed for TI or linear RNA for the pdg intron are manifestations of alternative phenotypic states and represent evidence of behavior at the chemical level. Secondly, we provide a basis for the marriage between empirical findings and the philosophical studies of biosemiotics. As well, provide a basis for the minimal criteria for an interpretative response and suggest that interpretation is evolvable. The studies hold relevance to the origins of life showing a minimal system capable of carrying out a choice based on the environment. We have shown this phenomenon is not an intrinsic characteristic to all RNAs and that the Tetrahymena ribozyme recognizes the presence of the object through the sensing of a sign.
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Schober, Cassandra C. (Cassandra Carolyn). "The Evolution, Applications, and Statistical Interpretations of DNA Typing in Forensic Science." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332776/.
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This thesis examines the evolution, applications, and statistical interpretations of DNA typing as a tool in the field of forensic science as well as in our criminal justice system. The most controversial aspect of DNA typing involves the determination of how likely it is that two people share the same DNA profile. This involves the use of population genetics and databases of allelic frequencies as well as some assumptions about population structuring.
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Ng, Yee Ki. "Eliminating clichés : the evolution of Jerzy Grotowski's self-revealing encounters (1957-1970)." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1249.
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Escobar, Rozas Freddy. "Corporate contracts and legal evolution." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123842.
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In any contractual operation, risks are presented, which have a significant cost in economic operations. In view of this, the parties, in exercise of their contractual freedom, regulate the allocation of risks in the most appropriate way to their needs, seeking efficiency. In this article, the author explains the importance of risks in contractual operations, the reason for the modification of legal provisions of risk allocation, and why contracts should be interpreted literally.En toda operación contractual, se presentan riesgos, los cuales tienen un costo significativo en las operaciones económicas. Ante ello, las partes, en ejercicio de su libertad contractual, regulan la asignación de los riesgos de la forma más acorde a su necesidad, buscando la eficiencia. En el presente artículo, el autor explica la relevancia de los riegos en las operaciones contractuales, la razón de la modificación de las disposiciones legales de asignación de riesgo y por qué los contratos deben interpretarse literalmente.
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Parent, Andrew Michael. "Pre-Mt. Simon Seismic Sequences Below West-Central Indiana: Local Interpretation and Regional Significance." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright149606295325976.
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Wei, Jun-Jie, Fulvio Melia, and Xue-Feng Wu. "Impact of a Locally Measured H-0 on the Interpretation of Cosmic-chronometer Data." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624388.
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Many measurements in cosmology depend on the use of integrated distances or time, but. galaxies evolving passively on a timescale much longer than their age difference allow us to determine the expansion rate H(z) solely as a function of the redshift-time derivative dz/dt. These model-independent "cosmic chronometers" can therefore be powerful discriminators for testing different cosmologies. In previous applications, the available sources strongly disfavored models (such as Lambda CDM) predicting a variable acceleration, preferring instead a steady expansion rate over the redshift range 0 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 2. A more recent catalog of 30 objects appears to suggest non-steady expansion. In this paper, we show that such a result is entirely due to the inclusion of a high, locally inferred value of the Hubble constant H-0 as an additional datum in a set of otherwise pure cosmic-chronometer measurements. This H-0, however, is not the same as the background Hubble constant if the local expansion rate is influenced by a Hubble Bubble. Used on their own, the cosmic chronometers completely reverse this conclusion, favoring instead a constant expansion rate out to z similar to 2.
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Odell, Rachel Esplin. "Mare interpretatum : continuity and evolution in States' interpretations of the Law of the Sea." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130597.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Political Science, September, 2020Cataloged from the official PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 481-509).
Disagreements over how to interpret the international law of the sea have caused contention among the United States, China, and other Asian nations as the regional balance of power has shifted in recent decades. This dissertation examines the sources of those disagreements, investigating why states favor mare liberum ("the free sea"), claiming limited jurisdiction over the oceans, or mare clausum ("the closed sea"), claiming expansive authority at sea, and how their interpretations change over time. I argue that countries interpret the law of the sea in ways that serve their strategic interests, treating the ocean as neither mare liberum nor mare clausum, but instead mare interpretatum. In their legal interpretations, states balance their interests in protecting against perceived threats along their own coasts with their interests in conducting operations near other states' coasts, while also seeking legitimacy in the international community.
States are reluctant to change their interpretations lest they incur hypocrisy costs, but they still often find ways to adapt to shifting material circumstances by exploiting ambiguity in their past rhetorical positions to alter their claims subtly. I illustrate this argument by analyzing how countries have interpreted the law of the sea across time and space, coupled with in-depth qualitative case studies of China, Japan, the United States, and the Soviet Union, drawing upon archival materials, government statements, legal commentaries, and interviews with more than 100 officials and experts in six countries. My principal case study traces evolution in China's interpretations of the law of the sea governing foreign military activities in territorial seas, straits, and exclusive economic zones; maritime entitlements of islands; and historic rights and waters.
I find that despite the history of U.S.-China competition over the meaning of "freedom of navigation," China's interpretation of this principle has begun converging with the U.S. interpretation as its own naval power has grown. At the same time, facing perceived threats to its maritime interests, Beijing has made expansive legal claims in the South China Sea, damaging its legitimacy among its neighbors. These dynamics will play a crucial role in shaping prospects for maritime peace and security in Asia.
by Rachel Esplin Odell.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Political Science
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Helsley, Jack. "The Evolution of the Improvisational Vocabulary of Marc Johnson." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849710/.
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This study examines the evolution of the improvisational vocabulary utilized by bassist Marc Johnson over the course of his career. Through interviews and musical analysis the study contextualizes Johnson’s musical influences, considers how they shaped his development, and examines his role in the legacy of the stylistic lineage established by Scott LaFaro with the Bill Evans Trio. A survey of literature concerning Johnson, Scott LaFaro and Eddie Gomez is included, as well as a discussion of the impact of apprenticeship on Johnson’s career. The study illuminates aspects of Johnson’s current vocabulary and how he has synthesized influences to create a distinctive vocabulary, not derivative of Scott LaFaro or Eddie Gomez, but incorporating elements of their style in the composition of his own voice.
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AbdelNasser, Mohamed Mahmoud Mohamed. "Development of advanced computer methods for breast cancer image interpretation through texture and temporal evolution analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/395213.
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El càncer de pit és una de les malalties més perilloses que ataquen les dones. Els sistemes de diagnòstic assistit per ordinador poden ajudar a detectar el càncer de pit de forma precoç i reduir-ne la mortalitat. Aquesta tesi proposa diversos mètodes per a l'anàlisi d'imatges de càncer de mama. Analitzem el càncer de mama a mamografies, ecografies i termografies. La nostra anàlisi inclou la classificació de massa / teixit normal de pit, la classificació de tumors benignes / maligne en les mamografies i les imatges d'ultrasò, detecció de mugró en termogrames, registre de mamografies i l'anàlisi de l'evolució dels tumors de pit.
Es van considerar mètodes coneguts d'anàlisis de textures i s'han proposat dos nous descriptors de textura. També es va estudiar l'efecte de la resolució de píxels, l'escala d'integració, el pre-processament i la normalització en el rendiment d'aquests mètodes d'anàlisi de textures per a la classificació dels tumors. Finalment, hem utilitzat la tècnica de super-resolució per millorar el funcionament dels mètodes d'anàlisi de textures a l'hora de classificar els tumors de pit en les imatges d'ultrasò.
Per a l'anàlisi del càncer de pit a termogrames, proposem un mètode automàtic per a la detecció dels mugrons que és precís i senzill. Per analitzar l'evolució del càncer de pit, es proposa un mètode de registre temporal de mamografies basat en coordenades curvilínies. També proposem un mètode per quantificar i visualitzar l'evolució dels tumors de pit en pacients sotmesos a tractament mèdic. En general, els mètodes proposats en aquesta tesi milloren el rendiment dels mètodes de l'estat de l'art i poden ajudar a millorar el diagnòstic del càncer de pit.El cáncer de mama es una de las enfermedades más peligrosas que afecta a las mujeres. Los sistemas de diagnóstico asistido por ordenador pueden ayudar a detectar el cáncer de mama de una manera temprana y reducir la mortalidad. Esta tesis propone varios métodos para el análisis de imágenes de cáncer de mama. Analizamos el cáncer de mama en mamografías, ecografías y termografías. Nuestro análisis incluye la clasificación de masa / tejido normal de mama, la clasificación de tumores benignos / malignos en mamografías e imágenes de ultrasonido, la detección del pezón en termogramas, el registro de mamografías y el análisis de la evolución de los tumores de mama. Consideramos métodos bien conocidos de análisis de texturas y propusimos dos nuevos descriptores de texturas. También estudiamos el efecto de la resolución de los píxeles, la escala de integración, el pre-procesamiento y la normalización de las características en el rendimiento de estos métodos de análisis de texturas para la clasificación de los tumores. Finalmente, hemos utilizado la técnica de super-resolución para mejorar el rendimiento de estos métodos de análisis de texturas a la hora de clasificar los tumores de mama en imágenes de ultrasonido. Para el análisis del cáncer de mama en termogramas, proponemos un método automático para la detección precisa y sencilla de los pezones. Para analizar la evolución del cáncer de mama, proponemos un método de registro de mamografía temporal basado en coordenadas curvilíneas. También proponemos un método para cuantificar y visualizar la evolución de los tumores de mama en pacientes sometidos a tratamiento médico. En general, los métodos propuestos en esta tesis mejoran el rendimiento de las aproximaciones que se encuentran en el estado del arte y pueden ayudar a mejorar el diagnóstico del cáncer de mama.
Breast cancer is one of the most dangerous diseases that attacks women. Computer-aided diagnosis systems may help to detect breast cancer early and reduce mortality. This thesis proposes several methods for analyzing breast cancer images. We analyze breast cancer in mammographies, ultrasonographies and thermographies. Our analysis includes mass/normal breast tissue classification, benign/malignant tumor classification in mammograms and ultrasound images, nipple detection in thermograms, mammogram registration and analysis of the evolution of breast tumors. We considered well-known texture analysis methods and proposed two new texture descriptors. We also studied the effect of pixel resolution, integration scale, preprocessing and feature normalization on the performance of these texture analysis methods for tumor classification. Finally, we used super-resolution approaches to improve the performance of texture analysis methods when classifying breast tumors in ultrasound images. For the analysis of breast cancer in thermograms, we propose an automatic method for detecting nipples that is accurate and simple. To analyze the evolution of breast cancer, we propose a temporal mammogram registration method based on curvilinear coordinates. We also propose a method for quantifying and visualizing the evolution of breast tumors in patients undergoing medical treatment. Overall, the methods proposed in this thesis improve the performance of the state-of-the-art approaches and may help to improve the diagnosis of breast cancer.
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Isyaku, Abdullahi Aminu. "Lithostratigraphy and tectonic evolution of the north-eastern Bornu basin, from integrated surface and subsurface interpretation." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2018. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/lithostratigraphy-and-tectonic-evolution-of-the-northeastern-bornu-basin-from-integrated-surface-and-subsurface-interpretation(1b865592-8b5d-4dff-bbce-fdae7767f405).html.
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Surface and subsurface structural lineaments are important in understanding tectonic movements and oil and gas trapping architecture in sedimentary basins. However, good exposures of these geological features are always lacking in semi-arid regions with extensive surficial sediment cover. An integrated multisource data analysis is applied to constrain the tectonic setting, structure and lithostratigraphy of the north-eastern Bornu basin, which were previously poorly understood. Detailed geological analyses are based on integration and geospatial correlations of surface datasets, including optical, radar and DEM Earth Observation imageries with subsurface datasets, including, seismic, well log, gravity and aeromagnetic. The Bornu basin, situated in the West African Rift System (WARS), overlain by Quaternary - Recent sediments is found herein to contain > 5000 m thick of Cretaceous rocks overlying the Precambrian basement migmatite-gneiss complex. New insights into the basin evolution model from pre-rift to post-rift tectonic settings are developed using deductions from the integrated studies herein. This study outlines additional tectonic regimes that were not identified in the previous tectonic model for the basin including: (1) Barremian (120 Ma), (2) Late Aptian - Early Albian (101 Ma), Late Santonian (84 Ma) and (4) Quaternary - Recent. Furthermore, the research identified that basement control, pre-existing basement lineaments, transfer faulting and upward fault propagation have all influenced the tectonic evolution of the basin. Lithology and stratigraphy of the subsurface formations are mapped using Combined Log Pattern (CLP) method adapted herein involving Gamma Ray, Resistivity, Bulk Density and Sonic logs. Four subsurface stratigraphic formations including Bima, Gongila, Fika and Chad Formations are mapped from validated seismic and well log stratigraphy in the north-eastern Bornu basin. Predictive Spectral Lithological (PSL) units mapped represent the various surface Quaternary-Recent deposits in the area using improved spectral mapping approach involving combined band combination, band ratio and Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) supervised classification. Geospatial correlations and interpretations of lineaments indicate that the north-eastern Bornu basin is controlled by two predominant lineament systems trending NE-SW and NW-SE. The geospatial correlation method visually illustrates linkages between subsurface tectonic lineaments and lithostratigraphy with the surface structures. Accordingly, the geospatial correlation has established the relationship between the palaeoshoreline and palaeodrainage systems with the subsurface structural setting of the basin. Relationships of the main structural systems in the north eastern Bornu basin may have developed potential oil and gas trapping systems associated with the regional pattern. Two potential petroleum systems from pre-rift to post rift tectonic regimes derived from the tectonic evolution model of the basin developed herein are presented. The Tertiary non-deposition in the north-eastern Bornu basin is determined to be due to a pinch out of the Tertiary Kerri-Kerri Formation that extends from the Benue trough and terminated near the Maiduguri area.
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Belardo, Anthony W. "Pushkin the historian : the evolution of Pushkin's views on rebellion, political legitimacy and the writing of history." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27929.
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Alexander Pushkin devoted the last five years of his life to research in the imperial archives in St. Petersburg publishing a number of works dealing with such historical figures as Peter the Great, Catherine the Great, Boris Godunov, and the rebel leaders Mazepa and Pugachev. This thesis examines Pushkin's historiographical methodology and conclusions and considers Pushkin's writings from the viewpoint of the historian rather than the literary critic. It offers a chronological study of the four fictional and non-fictional works in which Pushkin analysed major figures and events in Russian history and traces the importance he attributed to them for the development of the Russian national consciousness. The themes of rebellion against the state and political legitimacy predominate in this investigation and shed light on how Pushkin's study of history reinforced and, in some instances altered, his own fundamental political and social beliefs.
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Macdonald, Katharine. "The ecology and evolution of hominin geographic ranges : setting a context for archaeological interpretation using comparative analysis." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400518.
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MacDonald, Katharine. "The ecology and evolution of homini geographic ranges : setting a context for archaeological interpretation using comparative analysis /." Oxford : Archeopress, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb409465898.
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Lemieux, Martha. "The evolution of irony in the short stories of Chekhov /." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60576.
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In the corpus of Chekhov's prose there is a perceptible evolution in his use of irony. This study involves an examination of the use of irony in the initial, middle and final phases of his artistic career. It will demonstrate that in the initial phase, Chekhov's use of irony was direct and overt; in the middle phase, it was more deliberate and covert; and in the final phase, it was subdued, more transparent and transcendent. Selected stories taken from all three periods will illustrate this evolution.
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Roberts, Isaac. "An Exploration of the Adaptive Functions of Dreams and Empirically-Based Methods of Dream Interpretation." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1828.
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This paper presents a meta-analysis of dream theory within psychology and neuroscience. The questions it attempts to answer are: what is the neuroscientific basis of dreaming? Why do dreams exist (do they have an adaptive function)? Could dreams possibly have no function? And, what is the best way to interpret a dream? The current analysis presents various theories relevant to each of these questions and compares their viability. It also briefly examines the origins of psychological thought on dreams and, towards the end, outlines the steps and empirical support for a well-regarded method of dream interpretation known as the cognitive experiential model. In the end, the analysis finds that a major likely cause of dreaming is the occurrence of different memory processes during REM sleep, whose activity likely also contributes to dream content. As for adaptive functions, the existing neuroscientific evidence suggests that we are almost certainly capable of learning during dreams and that learning may therefore be one of dreams’ primary adaptive functions. However, due to the scarcity of research on dreams, few of these conclusions can be drawn with overwhelming confidence. Lastly, in regards to dream interpretation, the cognitive experiential model seems to provides a framework for dream interpretation which clients and therapists alike find satisfying and useful.
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Pizarro, Crisostomo. "Towards a general interpretation of the evolution of strike actions and types of unionism in Chile (1890-1970)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324579.
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Chiavari, Franco Joana <1977>. "The CDM additionality criterion: legal evolution, current limitations and recommendations for a more constructive interpretation of the term." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/533.
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Dyssel, Allan. "Reading the creation narrative in Genesis 1-2:4a against its ancient Near Eastern background." Thesis, Link to online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/422.
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Tannenbaum, Peter M. S. "Schoenberg's theories on the evolution of music applied to three works by Alban Berg." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66139.
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Wahl, Mary Elizabeth. "A Synthetic Yeast Model for Differentiation and Division of Labor." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11515.
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To maintain high average fitness, populations must effect selection against the deleterious mutations that continuously arise de novo. Theoretical models of mutation-selection balance predict that the maximum tolerable mutation rate is much lower for organisms growing in colonies than for those in well-mixed liquid media due to drift imposed by competition for position along the growing colony front. Simplifying assumptions made in these models, including the irreversibility and fixed fitness cost of mutations, do not strictly hold in extant species. To explore the applicability of these models in natural contexts, we have constructed a yeast strain which undergoes recombinase-mediated irreversible gene excision at a single locus with tunable fitness cost, but also possesses the random genomic mutation profile characteristic of yeast. We find that several theoretical predictions hold for our strain, including the dependence of maximum tolerable mutation rate on growth condition and selective coefficient. These results constitute the first direct biological test of mutation-selection balance theory.
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Ody, Anouck. "Depouillement et interpretation des donnees spatiales d'imagerie hyperspectrale de mars (OMEGA/MEx) : Evolution volcanique de la surface de Mars." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00835283.
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Les études géologiques des régions volcaniques de Mars ont clairement montré la diversité et la complexité du volcanisme martien avec des structures aux morphologies variées, témoins de son évolution volcanique et magmatique. Une meilleure compréhension de ce volcanisme nécessite toutefois une connaissance plus précise de la composition minéralogique de ces régions. Cette composition est en effet très dépendante des conditions internes de la planète et de son évolution. Dans ce travail de thèse je me suis donc intéressée à l'évolution volcanique et interne de Mars à partir d'une étude de la minéralogie obtenue grâce à l'imageur hyperspectral OMEGA/Mars Express. Le jeu de données OMEGA a permis la cartographie à l'échelle globale et avec une résolution kilométrique des principaux minéraux mafiques (pyroxènes et olivines), et des phases ferriques, incluant les oxydes ferriques nanophases, qui permettent de jauger l'état d'oxydation de la surface et de tracer la présence de poussière. Leurs distributions spatiales confirment la composition basaltique des terrains de l'hémisphère sud et de certaines régions sombres des plaines du nord ainsi que la nature nanophasée des oxydes ferriques présents dans la poussière martienne. Ces cartes représentent des produits complets et finaux qui sont mis à la disposition de la communauté. En complément de cette analyse globale, la distribution de l'olivine à la surface de Mars a fait l'objet d'une étude locale plus détaillée mettant en évidence plusieurs aspects du volcanisme et du magmatisme martien. Des laves hespériennes enrichies en olivine ayant rempli des dizaines de cratères et de dépressions de l'hémisphère sud ont été identifiées. De l'olivine a également été identifiée dans les plaines du nord associée à du matériau excavé par des cratères (<20 km) et à des affleurements étendus suggérant que ces plaines du nord soient également en partie recouvertes de ces laves. Ces observations peuvent s'expliquer par un évènement planétaire de volcanisme fissural durant le début de l'Hespérien. Ceci indique également que la couche supérieure de sédiment présente dans les plaines du nord est peu épaisse et d'origine volcanique. Cet enrichissement en olivine des laves hespériennes, à l'opposé des terrains noachiens dépourvus de signatures, pose la question d'une évolution des conditions internes de la planète entre ces deux périodes, et/ou d'une altération importante des terrains noachiens. De l'olivine associée à des éjectas de grands cratères (>20 km) dans les plaines du nord, ainsi qu'à des buttes dans l'hémisphère sud suggère que la croûte noachienne/primitive enfouie soit enrichie en olivine au moins en certains endroits. Enfin, de l'olivine associée à des buttes sur les terrasses des bassins d'Argyre et d'Hellas, interprétées comme étant des éjectas de manteau, indique que le manteau martien a subi un overturn à la suite de sa cristallisation. La dernière étape de mon travail a consisté à identifier les régions sources de certaines météorites martiennes en recherchant la similarité de leurs signatures spectrales dans l'infrarouge proche avec celle de la surface de Mars. Un des résultats majeurs de cette étude est que les shergottites basaltiques Los Angeles et Shergotty ont des signatures spectrales similaires à celles des grands massifs volcaniques hespériens tels que Syrtis Major, Thaumasia et Hespéria Planum. Une telle analogie est en accord avec un âge ancien pour ces météorites.
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Ody, Anouck. "Depouillement et interpretation des donnees spatiales d’imagerie hyperspectrale de mars (OMEGA/MEx) : Evolution volcanique de la surface de Mars." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112295/document.
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Les études géologiques des régions volcaniques de Mars ont clairement montré la diversité et la complexité du volcanisme martien avec des structures aux morphologies variées, témoins de son évolution volcanique et magmatique. Une meilleure compréhension de ce volcanisme nécessite toutefois une connaissance plus précise de la composition minéralogique de ces régions. Cette composition est en effet très dépendante des conditions internes de la planète et de son évolution. Dans ce travail de thèse je me suis donc intéressée à l’évolution volcanique et interne de Mars à partir d’une étude de la minéralogie obtenue grâce à l’imageur hyperspectral OMEGA/Mars Express. Le jeu de données OMEGA a permis la cartographie à l’échelle globale et avec une résolution kilométrique des principaux minéraux mafiques (pyroxènes et olivines), et des phases ferriques, incluant les oxydes ferriques nanophases, qui permettent de jauger l’état d’oxydation de la surface et de tracer la présence de poussière. Leurs distributions spatiales confirment la composition basaltique des terrains de l’hémisphère sud et de certaines régions sombres des plaines du nord ainsi que la nature nanophasée des oxydes ferriques présents dans la poussière martienne. Ces cartes représentent des produits complets et finaux qui sont mis à la disposition de la communauté. En complément de cette analyse globale, la distribution de l’olivine à la surface de Mars a fait l’objet d’une étude locale plus détaillée mettant en évidence plusieurs aspects du volcanisme et du magmatisme martien. Des laves hespériennes enrichies en olivine ayant rempli des dizaines de cratères et de dépressions de l’hémisphère sud ont été identifiées. De l’olivine a également été identifiée dans les plaines du nord associée à du matériau excavé par des cratères (<20 km) et à des affleurements étendus suggérant que ces plaines du nord soient également en partie recouvertes de ces laves. Ces observations peuvent s’expliquer par un évènement planétaire de volcanisme fissural durant le début de l’Hespérien. Ceci indique également que la couche supérieure de sédiment présente dans les plaines du nord est peu épaisse et d’origine volcanique. Cet enrichissement en olivine des laves hespériennes, à l’opposé des terrains noachiens dépourvus de signatures, pose la question d’une évolution des conditions internes de la planète entre ces deux périodes, et/ou d’une altération importante des terrains noachiens. De l’olivine associée à des éjectas de grands cratères (>20 km) dans les plaines du nord, ainsi qu’à des buttes dans l’hémisphère sud suggère que la croûte noachienne/primitive enfouie soit enrichie en olivine au moins en certains endroits. Enfin, de l’olivine associée à des buttes sur les terrasses des bassins d’Argyre et d’Hellas, interprétées comme étant des éjectas de manteau, indique que le manteau martien a subi un overturn à la suite de sa cristallisation. La dernière étape de mon travail a consisté à identifier les régions sources de certaines météorites martiennes en recherchant la similarité de leurs signatures spectrales dans l’infrarouge proche avec celle de la surface de Mars. Un des résultats majeurs de cette étude est que les shergottites basaltiques Los Angeles et Shergotty ont des signatures spectrales similaires à celles des grands massifs volcaniques hespériens tels que Syrtis Major, Thaumasia et Hespéria Planum. Une telle analogie est en accord avec un âge ancien pour ces météoritesGeologic studies of martian volcanic regions have demonstrated the diversity and complexity of the martian volcanism through various morphologies, witnesses of the volcanic and magmatic evolution of this planet. A better understanding of this volcanism nevertheless requires a better knowledge of the mineralogical composition of these regions. This composition highly depends on the internal conditions of the planet and its evolution. In my PhD thesis, I focused on the internal and volcanic evolutions of Mars from a study of the mineralogy obtained with the visible near-infrared imaging spectrometer OMEGA / Mars Express. The OMEGA dataset has allowed the mapping of key anhydrous mineral of the martian surface at a global scale with a kilometer spatial resolution. These minerals are major mafic minerals (pyroxene and olivine), and ferric phases, including nanophase ferric oxides. Their spatial distributions confirm the basaltic composition of the southern hemisphere and the low albedo regions of the northern plains, as well as the nanophase nature of ferric oxides present in the martian dust. These global maps represent complete and final products and are available for the community. In addition to this global analysis, the global distribution of olivine on the surface of Mars was the subject of a more detailed local study highlighting several aspects of the martian volcanism and magmatism. Hesperian olivine enriched lavas that have filled dozens of craters and depressions in the southern hemisphere were identified. Olivine was also identified in the northern plains associated with material excavated by craters (<20 km) and with extended outcrops, suggesting that the northern plains were also partly filled with these lavas. These observations can be explained by a planetary event of olivine enriched fissural volcanism during the early Hesperian. They also indicate that the upper layer of sediment present in the northern plains is very fine (<100m) and of volcanic origin. This olivine enrichment of hesperian lavas, unlike olivine-depleted noachian terrains, questions the variation of internal conditions of the planet between these two periods, and/or significant alteration of the noachian terrains. Olivine associated with large crater ejectas (> 20 km) in the northern plains, and buttes in the southern hemisphere suggests that the buried noachian/primitive crust was olivine enriched in some locations. Finally, olivine found in buttes on terraces of Argyre and Hellas basins, interpreted as mantle ejectas, indicates that the martian mantle have experienced an overturn after its crystallization. The last chapter of my work was to identify the source regions of Martian meteorites by looking for some similarity in their spectral signatures in the near infrared with those of the martian surface. A major outcome of this study is that the basaltic shergottites Shergotty and Los Angeles have spectral signatures similar to those of the hesperian volcanic massifs such as Syrtis Major, Hesperia Planum and Thaumasia Planum. Such an analogy is consistent with an old age for these meteorites
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Stenlund, Jörgen. "Travelling through time : Students’ interpretation of evolutionary time in dynamic visualizations." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-154619.
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Evolutionary knowledge is important to understand and address contemporary challenges such as loss of biodiversity, climate change and antibiotic resistance. An important aspect that is considered to be a threshold concept in teaching and learning about evolution is the time it involves. The history of evolution comprises several scales of magnitude, some of which are far from direct human experience and therefore difficult to understand. One way of addressing this issue is to use dynamic visualizations that represent time, for example, to facilitate teaching and learning about evolution. This thesis investigates how students’ comprehension of evolution and evolutionary time can be facilitated by visualizations in educational settings. Two different dynamic visualizations were investigated. In paper I different temporal versions of a spatio-temporal animation depicting hominin evolution were explored. The temporal information was expressed as one or several timelines along which an animated cursor moved, indicating the rate of time. Two variables, the number of timelines with different scales, and the mode of the default animated time rate (either constant throughout the animation or decreasing as the animation progressed), were combined to give four different time representations. The temporal aspects investigated were undergraduate students' ability to find events at specific times, comprehend order, comprehend concurrent events, comprehend the length of time intervals, and their ability to compare the lengths of time intervals. In paper II, perceptions and comprehension of temporal aspects in an interactive, multi-touch tabletop application, DeepTree, were investigated. This application depicts the tree of life. The focus was on the interactive aspects, especially how the zooming feature was perceived, but also on any misinterpretations associated with the interaction. The same temporal aspects listed for paper I were also implicitly investigated. The findings indicate that handling the problem of large differences in scale by altering the rate of time in the visualization can facilitate perception of certain temporal aspects while, at the same time, can hinder a correct comprehension of other temporal aspects. Findings concerning DeepTree indicate that the level of interactions varies among users, and that the zooming feature is perceived in two ways, either as a movement in time or as a movement in the metaphorical tree. Several misinterpretations were observed, for example the assumption that the zooming time in the tree corresponds to real time, that there is an implicit coherent timeline along the y-axis of the tree, and that more nodes along a branch corresponds to a longer time. The research reported in this thesis supports the claim that careful choice, and informed use of visualizations matters, and that different visualizations are best suited for different educational purposesFör att kunna förstå och ta ställning till utmaningar i form av exempelvis klimatförändringar, förlust av biodiversitet och antibiotikaresistens krävs kunskap om evolution. För att förstå evolution är det i sin tur viktigt att inse betydelsen av de tidsskalor som evolutionära processer omfattar. Detta utgör inte sällan ett problem vid undervisning om evolution eftersom det rör sig om tidsskalor som sträcker sig långt bortom vad vi själva kan erfara. Tidsskalor ingår i en grupp av begrepp som kallas tröskelbegrepp. Tröskelbegrepp utmärks av att de är svåra att ta till sig, men när väl förståelse uppnås så innebär det en radikal och permanent förändring av hur ett ämnesinnehåll, exempelvis evolution, betraktas. Av den anledningen är de också ”enkelriktade” i meningen att den nya förståelsen är bestående Ett sätt att bemöta problemen med att förstå tidsskalor av varierande storlekar är att använda dynamiska visualiseringar. Denna avhandling handlar just om hur elevers förståelse av evolution med avseende på tiden kan underlättas genom visualiseringar i undervisning. Avhandlingen baseras på två studier som var och en belyser evolutionär tid på olika sätt beträffande såväl innehåll som form. I den första studien undersöktes hur olika varianter av en tidsrepresentation i form av animerade tidslinjer påverkade 144 studenters förståelse av olika tidsaspekter. Representationen av tid hade två variabler, nämligen antal tidslinjer (en tidslinje respektive 3 tidslinjer med olika skalor) och hastighet för animationen av tidsförloppet (konstant hastighet respektive avtagande hastighet när animationen närmade sig nutid). De två variablerna kombinerades för att ge fyra olika varianter av tidsrepresentation. I studien jämfördes varianterna genom att undersöka studenters förmåga kring olika tidsaspekter; hitta händelser vid specifika tider, uppfatta ordning på händelser, uppfatta samtidiga händelser, uppfatta längden på ett tidsintervall och jämföra längden av två tidsintervall. I den andra studien undersöktes uppfattningar och förståelse av tidsmässiga aspekter hos 10 gymnasieelever med utgångspunkt från det interaktiva multi-touch-bordet ”DeepTree”. Det är en interaktiv visualisering av livets träd, det vill säga de fylogenetiska sambanden mellan organismer på jorden. I denna studie fokuserades de interaktiva aspekterna av visualiseringen, särskilt kring hur zoomfunktionen uppfattades av elever men också vilka missuppfattningar som var kopplade till interaktioner. Även tidsaspekterna från den första studien undersöktes. Resultaten från den första studien visar att det under vissa omständigheter kan vara en fördel att variera det animerade tidsflödet, till exempel genom att hastigheten på tidsflödet i animationen avtar under en speciellt händelserik period som behöver granskas noggrannare. Under andra omständigheter kan det däremot vara olämpligt att variera hastigheten för den animerade tiden eftersom det försvårar bedömningen av storleken på, och jämförelsen av, tidsintervall. Det är alltså viktigt att lärare är medvetna om vilken, eller vilka, tidsaspekter som är centrala i den specifika lärandesituationen. Resultaten från den andra studien visar två olika sätt att uppfatta zoomfunktionen när den används i applikationen DeepTree; antingen som en rörelse i tid eller som en rörelse i det metaforiska trädet. Flera missuppfattningar av interaktionen observerades hos eleverna. Till exempel tolkade en del elever den tid det tog att zooma i trädet som att det motsvarade hur lång tid som förflöt mellan olika evolutionära händelser. Ett antal elever verkade anta att det finns en implicit linjär tidslinje längs y-axeln på trädet, och att ju fler grendelningar som fanns längs en gren desto längre tid motsvarade grenen. Generellt är de flesta tidsaspekter svåra att uppfatta för användare av DeepTree. Evolutionära träd av denna typ är dock främst gjorda för att illustrera släktskapsförhållanden, men de tidsmässiga aspekterna skulle kunna förbättras. Applikationer av den typ som DeepTree utgör har potential att erbjuda goda möjligheter till lärande även beträffande evolutionär tid men hänsyn behöver då tas just till hur tidsaspekter beskrivs.
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Podtykan, Iryna. "Architecture and tectonic evolution of the Vøring and Møre rifted margins: insights from seismic interpretation combined with potential field modeling." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for geologi og bergteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19687.
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The mid-Norwegian Vøring and Møre margins are listed as the type example of volcanic rifted margins, with their formation usually related to the influence of the Icelandic plume. Recent studies have shown that these margins have more in common with non-volcanic rifted margins than the scientific community used to think, which opens the discussion on their architecture and evolution. As the rifting mechanisms are not yet fully constrained, a wide variety of extensional models have been proposed in the literature. The evolution of the rifting models requires updated studies based on the new concepts and the new high resolution datasets now available. Despite the large amount of geophysical data acquired on the Vøring and Møre margins during the past decades, the ambiguity with respect to the deep structures, and especially in detecting sub-basaltic basement structures, where intrusions and lava flows perturb the seismic imaging, is still a matter of concern. This study illustrates the benefit of the combination of seismic and potential field modeling results. The forward gravity and magnetic modeling significantly improves the model accuracy and provides a valuable tool to estimate sub-basaltic deep crustal structures.
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I'Anson, Amy Jacinta. "Structural inheritance at extensional continental margins: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Northern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21870.
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Rifted continental margins are economically important regions of Earth. Many of these margins are a product of multiple phases of rifting, where structural inheritance plays a role in subsequent deformation. The Northern Carnarvon Basin of Australia’s North-West Shelf is an example of a polyphase margin that has undergone several episodes of extension in the Palaeozoic to Early Cretaceous. This thesis presents original regional scale interpretations of publicly available seismic data from the inboard margin of the Northern Carnarvon Basin. This work shows two distinct orientations of Palaeozoic structures providing evidence for a polyphase Palaeozoic rift history of the basin. These structural trends influence the subsequent fault patterns associated with Mesozoic rifting. Two-dimensional, isothermal mechanical numerical experiments are used to test seismic observations by forward modelling lithospheric extension at a polyphase continental margin. These experiments document different modes of deformation including “narrow rifts” and “wide rifts” and a dual mode of extension with coeval narrow and wide rift attributes. These experiments potentially shed light on the crustal structure of the Northern Carnarvon Basin, revealing that the dual mode of extension observed could be the result of the removal of the lower crust adjacent to the Pilbara craton and subdued extensional strain rate in the Exmouth Plateau. Three-dimensional ‘numerical sandbox’ experiments where inherited structures are at varying degrees of obliquity to the imposed extension direction are also presented. These experiments generate complex time-dependent deformation patterns. Learnings from this work demonstrates that the Mesozoic deformation patterns of the Northern Carnarvon Basin can be explained by just one extension vector associated with the rifting of Greater India and that the rifting of the Argo block potentially had little effect on the first order deformation patterns of the basin.
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Casey, Michael Wilson. "The interpretation of Genesis one in the churches of Christ the origins of fundamentalist reactions to evolution and biblical criticism in the 1920s /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1989. http://www.tren.com.
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Bruch, Tamara Elaine Carroll Alicia. "The evolution of the South Eliza Frances Andrews, General William T. Sherman, and green interpretations of the Civil War /." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1677.
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Buick, Glen. "Structural analysis and regional interpretation of the Sprigg Inlet Shear Zone, with implications for the tectonic evolution of the Fleurieu Arc /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbb9321.pdf.
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Knudsen, Sanne. "By the grace of gods - and years and years of evolution : analysis and interpretation of development of metaphors in scientific texts /." Roskilde : Department of Language and Culture, University of Roskilde, 1996. http://www.rub.ruc.dk/epublisher/resume_by_the_grace.pdf.
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唐梓彬. "王安石詩歌及其詩學研究: 唐宋詩歌演變抉微= A new discussion on the poetic evolution in Tang and Song dynasties: the study of Wang Anshi's poetry and poetics." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2016. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/258.
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王安石（1021-1086）是北宋重要的詩人。前人對於王安石詩歌的研究很多，但對王安石詩歌的體式特點、唐詩觀及其在唐宋詩轉型過程中的作用則關注不足。因此，本文以王安石的詩歌及其詩學為主要的研究對象和切入點，嘗試從文體學及詩學的微觀角度對唐宋詩轉型的問題作進一步的研究。 本文在以下五個方面有所創獲。首先從王安石的五言古詩入手，結合宋初的詠懷詩、山水詩等題材的創作背景，探討其與古風的關係。本文指出王安石的五古在內容上以漢魏晉宋的比興寄託作為根本，對五古和樂府詩多有繼承和創新，而在表現手法上又吸取了各家各路的特點，這是王安石對宋詩發展的主要貢獻。 其次，從文體的角度對王安石的樂府、歌行和七言古詩（包括雜言）進行考察，發現其以具體的創作實踐，自覺地辨析了三體之間異中有同的複雜關係，是北宋第一個嘗試解決樂府、歌行和七言古詩三體分野的詩人。 第三，從王安石的律詩入手，勾勒出北宋初年至神宗元豐年間律詩發展的軌跡。王安石的五律在繼承晚唐體的同時，又刻意迴避了其在內容和藝術上的種種缺陷；其七律在融合白體和晚唐體之餘，又融入了詠懷的傳統和諷諭的精神，在確立宋代律詩基本風格所起的作用上來說，有至關重要的意義。 第四，發掘了王安石絶句在宋詩發展過程中的詩學意義，並進一步探討了王安石五絶開拓近體的特性和七絶「情深文明，調逸旨遠」的博取眾家的文學史意義。 第五，王安石《唐百家詩選》的選錄標準一直是詩學史上頗具爭議的問題。本文先客觀分析《唐百家詩選》的編撰目的；然後從北宋初年的大背景入手，比較了《文苑英華》和《唐文粹》的選錄標準，解釋其不選著名詩人的原因；接著從文本出發，實事求是地詳細分析了《唐百家詩選》的詩作，指出其體現了王安石獨到的唐詩史觀和偏愛漢魏古意、盛唐氣象和樂府風味的審美標準。
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Saunders, Peta J. "The structural evolution of the Bull Creek area, southern Adelaide fold belt, South Australia, through the integration of geological mapping and geophysical interpretation /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbs257.pdf.
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Thesis (B. Sc.(Hons.))--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 1994.Australian national grid reference: Milang (SI 54) 6627-II 1:50 000 sheet. Four maps have overlays. Includes bibliographical references.
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Fairburn, William A. "A re-interpretation of the physiographic evolution of the southern end of the Vale of York from the mid-Pleistocene to Early Holocene." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6259/.
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The recognition and mapping of planar terraces on the York Moraine led to the belief that these were shorelines of the Late Devensian proglacial Lake Humber and the hypothesis that the progressive demise of the lake was recognisable from stillstands. To test this, landform mapping was initiated across the Vale of York and the flanks of the Wolds between Pocklington and Hessle to identify and record planar land surfaces, which had distinct topographic boundaries resulting from erosional and depositional processes. The results of this study confirmed the early shoreline mapping and identified strandlines, at lower elevations, down to a terminal lake level of 5.0 m OD. Erosional and deposition effects associated with both stands and retreat stages of Lake Humber have deposited a sand mantle up to 2.0 m thick on the southern face of the York moraine from transgressive and regressive shorelines. In addition, two sets of alluvial fans, originating from dry valleys in the Wolds from frost-fractured Chalk formation were recognised. The older set were terraced by shorelines of Lake Humber, in contrast to the younger set, which clearly post-dated Lake Humber. Corroborative evidence for the existence of the shorelines has been provided by photography and LIDAR imagery. An additional objective was to establish a chronology for key mapped landforms based on luminescence dating of sand samples from shoreline deposits and younger fluvial events. To achieve this 18 sand samples were collected and dated. The main conclusions of the research are that the older periglacial alluvial fans are from an earlier cold glacial period (possibly MIS 8) and that the younger Late Devensian (MIS 2) glaciation retreated north of the York Moraine about 17 ka BP prior to the main phase of impounding Lake Humber. The dating of this event conforms with OSL dating of c. 15.9 ka and c. 15.2 ka obtained from sand samples on the York Moraine. The existing two stage model of proglacial Lake Humber has been revised and mapped shorelines, of this lake, now define an 8-stage regressive decline model for Lake Humber, from a high level Stage 1 at 42 m OD down to a low level (partly fluvial) Stage 8 at 5.0 m OD. Mapping has also revealed that the decline sequence appears to have been punctuated by short-lived, modest rises in lake level from oscillations of the blocking North Sea Ice Lobe. It has been established that the southward slope of the Vale of York is testimony to Holocene flooding and not to isostasy. The landform mapping also indicates that the gravels forming the Crockey Hill ‘esker’ probably originated as a fan delta from a drainage gap in the York Moraine, south of York, and that terraces in the Aire and Calder valleys are coeval with stands of Lake Humber.
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Koželuh, Viktor. "Vývoj interpretace historických informací na případové studii." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124795.
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In the first part this thesis deals with theory of information, particularly with characters that can have negative impact. It defines the processes and problems of information interpretation which are used in the next half. Consideration why interpretation is so individual for each of us is necessary for explaining how information can be translated in other sense than was the original. As a practical case, there is chosen one particular event from our history. It is political information, which has impacted, in a certain era, life in our republic. On this example I am analyzing, if this misinformation could be revealed and what was really misinterpreted. Work concentrates on main characteristics of this trial and next search for what was wrong with this interpretation in comparison with ideal interpretation. Following the evolution until this era, when the most of coherency is known. In the end, the methods and ways are proposed, how it is possible to discover the wrong interpretation and also disclose the resources of this historic event.
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Davis, Robert. "The origin, evolution, and function of the myth of the white goddess in the writings of Robert Graves." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2265.
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This is a study of the development of the myth of the White Goddess in the work of Robert Graves, a subject related to the wider field of the place of myth in modern culture. It begins by looking at the conditions which promoted Graves' interest in myth, principally his experience of the Great War. The responses of other writers are examined to provide a context for understanding Graves' transition from Georgianism to myth, as reflected in his early poetry, autobiography and writings on psychology. Before looking at how Graves' myth was formed, the history of the concept of myth is examined, from primitive peoples to civilized religion. Focus is centred upon the dual tendency of myth to reinforce and to undermine authority. Some of the figures behind Graves' interest in myth and anthropology are subject to scrutiny. An account of the relations between myth, literature and psychology permits the survey of Graves' gradual transition from psychological theory to mythographic speculation. The gradual emergence in his poetry of devotion to a Love Goddess can also be traced. Detailed interpretation of The White Goddess, its arguments and procedures, brings to light Graves' theories of the single poetic theme and the primitive matriarchy, both of which can then be evaluated and set in the context of his dedication to non-rational forms of thought. This leads into a close reading of Graves' major mythological poems, followed by reflections upon the myth's application in his critical writings and cultural commentaries. Finally, consideration is given to Graves' later writings, especially his attraction to Orphism and the adoption of mythic personae in his verse. The influence of the Black Goddess of Wisdom over these later works is interpreted and assessed.
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Binek, Justin. "The Evolution of Ella Fitzgerald's Syllabic Choices in Scat Singing: A Critical Analysis of Her Decca Recordings, 1943-52." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984212/.
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This study examines the evolution of Ella Fitzgerald's scat syllable vocabulary during a key developmental period in her career when she was recording for Decca Records. Between 1943 and 1952, Fitzgerald established the syllabic vocabulary that would serve as a defining characteristic of her improvisational style for the rest of her career. Fitzgerald is commonly praised as the greatest vocal improviser in jazz history, but while much has been written about Fitzgerald's melodic and harmonic approach to jazz improvisation, little has been written about her syllabic approach. Timbre and articulation are considered to be vital elements of any jazz musician's style; the study examines the changes in Ella Fitzgerald's syllabic approach through transcription and analyses of thirteen scat solos recorded during this time period, using scat syllable choices to discuss timbre and articulation. This analysis provides a model for further research of its kind, as well as informing historically accurate performance practice by both teachers and students of jazz singing.
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Sukhina, Nataliya. "Alexander Scriabin (1871-1915) piano miniature as chronicle of his creative evolution, complexity of interpretive approach and its implications /." Thesis, Recital, recorded Feb. 27, 2006, in digital collections. Access restricted to the University of North Texas campus. connect to online resource, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-6048.
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Thesis (D.M.A.)--University of North Texas, 2008.System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Accompanied by 4 recitals, recorded Mar. 22, 2004, Mar. 28, 2005, Feb. 27, 2006, and Nov. 26, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 82-86).
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Hafez, Sarab M. S. "A critical approach to the origins and evolution of Usul al-Fiqh and the methodologies of interpretation and inference, with a case study of hijab." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489227.
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Exploration of the strata of Usul al-Fiqh establishes that the founders of the basic Sunni Schools differed over the authoritativeness of most basic shariah sources (e.g. ahad traditions and ijma), which did not preclude them from considering their counterparts as legitimate competitors. Early 8th/14th century Usuliyiin later consolidated Usul al-Fiqh into one version; its orthodox nature still dominates Sunni Islamic intellectual thought.
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Hahn, Ana Rita Oliveira. "Evolução do campo de dunas transgressivo da margem leste da Lagoa do Peixe, Litoral Médio do Rio Grande Do Sul, de 1948 a 2010." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/133660.
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O presente estudo concerne à compreensão da evolução morfológica entre 1948 e 2010 no campo de dunas transgressivo da margem leste da lagoa do Peixe, situado no Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe (PNLP), Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, e à análise dos agentes responsáveis pelas transformações verificadas. O PNLP possui banhados, matas de restinga, lagoas de água doce e salobra e campos eólicos transgressivos, demandando proteção. A metodologia consistiu na análise de imagens aéreas, de 1948 e de 2001, e orbitais, de 2010, sendo todas manipuladas no software ArcGis®. Utilizaram-se, também, dados de precipitação de 1948 a 2010, obtidos do Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC), e de vento do período entre 1958 e 2000, da Marinha do Brasil, e de 2008 a 2014, do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), sendo gerados gráficos de anomalias de chuva e de direção, frequência e velocidade do vento. Constatou-se que o campo de dunas apresentava extensas cadeias transversais e barcanoides e baixa cobertura vegetal em 1948, evoluindo para cadeias barcanoides menores, barcanas isoladas, lençóis de areia, dunas parabólicas e bacias de deflação em 2001 e em 2010, além de áreas úmidas interdunas. Verificou-se um significativo incremento da pluviosidade anual e nos meses de novembro como resultado do aumento da frequência de eventos El Niño (ENOS), promovido pela fase quente da Oscilação Decenal do Pacífico (ODP) de 1977 até o início do século XXI, aumentando a cobertura vegetal e as áreas úmidas na área de estudo. Observaram-se modificações no padrão de ventos na região, o qual pode estar relacionado aos fatores climáticos, às mudanças na cobertura vegetal e ao uso do solo para a silvicultura. Os fatores responsáveis pelas mudanças morfológicas no campo eólico, portanto, correspondem ao incremento das chuvas e à presença da silvicultura, que reduziu o suprimento de areia e também afetou a morfologia local.This study is about understanding the morphologic transformations occurred between 1948 and 2010 in the transgressive dunes field of Peixe lagoon’s east margin, situated in the Lagoa do Peixe National Park (LPNP), in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, and analyzing which agents control these transformations. The LPNP has wetlands, sandbank woods, freshwater and brackishwater lagoons and transgressive dunefields that must be protected. The methodology was analyze aerial photographies of 1948 and 2001 and SPOT-5 satelitte images from 2010, and georeference them on ArcGis® software. It was found that the transgressive aeolian system showed morphologic transformations in the analyzed period, because it was identified many transversal and barchanoid ridges in 1948 which suffered reduction in current images, occurring the evolution of both into smaller barchanoid ridges, isolated barchan dunes, sand sheets, parabolic dunes, blowouts and wetlands on interdunes environments in 2001 and 2010. There was also an important increase in annual rainfall and in every November, because the El Niño events (ENOS) increased during the warm phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), from 1977 to beginning of the 21th. This factor increased the vegetal covering and the wetlands on the dunes field. There were changes in the local wind pattern that can be related to climatic factors, variations in the vegetal covering and land use for silviculture. Thus, the factors that changed the morphology in the dunes field were the increasing of the rainfall and the silviculture that reduced the sand and also affected the local morphology.
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Angel-Cann, Lauryn. "Stretched Out On Her Grave: The Evolution of a Perversion." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2586/.
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The word "necrophilia" brings a particular definition readily to mind that of an act of sexual intercourse with a corpse, probably a female corpse at that. But the definition of the word did not always have this connotation; quite literally the word means "love of the dead," or "a morbid attraction to death." An examination of nineteenth-century literature reveals a gradual change in relationships between the living and the dead, culminating in the sexualized representation of corpses at the close of the century. The works examined for necrophilic content are: Mary Wollstonecrafts Mary, A Fiction, Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, Emily Brontës Wuthering Heights, and Bram Stokers Dracula and The Jewel of Seven Stars.
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Barros, Juliana Augusta Medeiros de. "A interpretação constitucional evolutiva e a cidadania social: elementos para uma hermenêutica jurisdicional de implementação efetiva dos direitos fundamentais trabalhistas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-18022013-141338/.
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Os direitos sociais são fruto das lutas dos indivíduos por melhores condições de trabalho e de vida ao longo dos séculos XVIII e XIX, embora os direitos mínimos dos trabalhadores somente tenham sido sistematicamente inseridos nas Constituições e albergados pelos diplomas internacionais ao no decorrer do século XX. No Brasil, os direitos fundamentais do trabalhador foram elencados na Constituição Federal de 1934 e, a partir de então, foram sendo ampliados até a Constituição Federal de 1988, nomeada de cidadã, que inaugurou um marco na constitucionalização desses direitos sociais, integrando-os efetivamente ao rol dos direitos fundamentais, conferindo-lhes aplicabilidade imediata e natureza de cláusulas pétreas. Toda essa sistemática traçada pelo legislador constituinte exige que os aplicadores do Direito tratem esses direitos trabalhistas como realmente fundamentais, inclusive no que tange às questões relativas à eficácia jurídica, efetividade e aplicabilidade. Ao lado do dilema da falta de efetividade das normas que estabelecem esses direitos, pela cultura de seu descumprimento reiterado pelos empregadores, existe outro problema igualmente grave: a ausência de implementação ou a implementação restritiva de vários direitos fundamentais trabalhistas, tanto pela ausência de leis infraconstitucionais que regulamentem as normas que os estatuem, quanto pela interpretação jurisdicional que lhes é conferida. Embora com alguns avanços no campo hermenêutico, a atuação do Poder Judiciário ainda tem sido insuficiente para a implementação plena dos direitos fundamentais sociais, tanto em virtude das resistências externas a uma postura mais ativa do Judiciário, quanto pela tendência de auto-restrição dos juízes em se aceitarem como órgãos legítimos para concretizar os direitos sociais esculpidos na Constituição. Ambos os problemas têm fulcro em uma concepção teórica restritiva de cidadania e, consequentemente, do exercício efetivo dos direitos fundamentais sociais pelos seus titulares, e em uma leitura desatualizada da teoria da separação dos poderes de Montesquieu, que desconsidera o Poder Judiciário como destinatário das normas de direitos fundamentais sociais. Sem embargo, a Constituição de 1988 adotou uma concepção de cidadania ampla, que pode ser denominada de cidadania social, pois o cidadão tem não apenas a prerrogativa de exercer os seus direitos políticos e civis, como também os seus direitos sociais, além de poder requerer ao Judiciário a implementação dos direitos cujo exercício se encontra limitado, inclusive pela interpretação involutiva dos dispositivos constitucionais, totalmente desvinculada da realidade social. O cidadão tem garantido constitucionalmente o acesso a uma ordem jurídica justa, no sentido do acesso aos tribunais, do exercício do direito de ação, com todas as garantias concernentes ao devido processo legal, e de uma prestação jurisdicional adequada e em tempo razoável que concretize os direitos reconhecidos em juízo. Para isso, o juiz deve se valer não apenas da utilização de mecanismos processuais adequados, mas também, em se tratando de pleitos que envolvam direitos fundamentais, da interpretação evolutiva, isto é, da atribuição de novos conteúdos à norma constitucional, sem a alteração do texto do dispositivo constitucional, em virtude de mudanças sócio-econômico-políticas não previstas pelo constituinte. Embora existam exemplos de decisões, majoritárias ou pontuais proferidas por juízes ou pelos Tribunais do Trabalho, em que se vislumbra a interpretação constitucional evolutiva de alguns direitos fundamentais trabalhistas, para a implementação plena desses direitos a atuação desse ramo especializado do Judiciário deve ser mais incisiva e abrangente. Dessa forma, o intento da presente tese é demonstrar que, para garantir a implementação efetiva de vários direitos dos trabalhadores estabelecidos nos artigos 7º a 11 da CF/88 e artigo 10 do ADCT, a Justiça do Trabalho deverá adotar uma hermenêutica jurisdicional pautada na interpretação evolutiva das normas constitucionais e na concepção ampliativa do exercício dos direitos fundamentais, fundada no princípio da cidadania social.Social rights are the result of individuals\' struggles for better working and living conditions in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, although the basic rights of workers have only been systematically inserted in the Constitution and encompassed by international treaties, covenants and declarations in the twentieth century. In Brazil, the fundamental rights of workers were listed in the Constitution of 1934 and, thereafter, have been extended to the Federal Constitution of 1988, referred to as \"citizen\", which represented a milestone for the constitutionalization of social rights, integrating them effectively to the role of fundamental rights and giving them instant applicability and the quality of entrenched clauses. The same procedure drafted by the constitutional legislators requires that lawenforcers see these labor rights as something really fundamental, including subjects related to the legal effectiveness, efficacy and applicability. Next to the dilemma of lack of effectiveness of the rules that determine these rights, that is to say the employers culture of a repeated failure to comply with them, there is another equally serious problem: the lack of implementation or putting into effect, in a restrictive way, various fundamental labor rights, both because of the absence of infraconstitutional laws which regulate the rules that set them up, as well as the judicial interpretation they were given. Despite some advances in the hermeneutic field, the judiciary has still been not enough for the full implementation of fundamental social rights, both because of external opposition to a more active role of the judiciary, and by the self-restraint judges tendency to accept themselves as a right and proper means for achieving the social rights guaranteed by the Brazilian Constitution. Both problems have a restrictive theoretical fulcrum conception of citizenship and, consequently, the effective exercise of fundamental social rights by their holders, and an outdated interpretation of the Montesquieus theory of separation of powers, which disregards the judiciary as a recipient of the fundamental social rights standards. Nevertheless, the Constitution of 1988 adopted a broad conception of citizenship, which can be called \"social\" citizenship since citizens has not only the prerogative of exercising their civil and political rights, but also their social rights, as well as requesting the Judiciary for the implementation of rights which exercise is limited, even because of the involuting interpretation of constitutional provisions, totally divorced from social reality. Citizens have a constitutionally guaranteed access to a fair legal system in the sense of accessing courts, exercising the right of action, with all the guarantees pertaining to a due legal procedure and proper adjudication in a reasonable term that makes available the rights recognized in court. For that, judges must not only rely on the use of appropriate procedural mechanisms, but also, in case of claims involving fundamental rights, on the evolutionary interpretation, that is, assigning new content to the constitutional rules, without changing the text of the constitution because of socio-economic and political changes not foreseen by the constituent. Although there are examples of majoritarian or specific decisions taken by judges or by the Labor Courts, which are able to glimpse the evolving constitutional interpretation of some fundamental labor rights, for the full implementation of these rights, the performance of that specialized branch of the judiciary should be more incisive and comprehensive. Thus, the goal of this thesis is to demonstrate that to ensure the effective implementation of various workers\' rights, as laid down in Articles 7 to 11 and Article 10 of CF/88 ADCT, the Labor Court should adopt judicial hermeneutics guided by the evolving interpretation of constitutional rules and the ampliative conception of exercising fundamental rights, based on the principle of social citizenship.
49
Spates, William H. "Imagining corrupt consumption : the genesis and evolution of the pox metaphor in sixteenth-century England (1494-1606)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14657.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis attempts to examine the birth and development of the pox metaphor in sixteenth-century English literature. In researching this literary history of a disease---of syphilis' life as an early modem metaphor---I have attempted to contextualize the pox metaphor's development within the social and economic constructs that led to the early modern conflation of excessive consumption with poxy corruption. This conflation freed the metaphor from the confines of discussion on disease and allowed early modern authors the freedom to apply pockifed tropes to describe various social ills and abuses. Initially these pox metaphors were restricted to sexualized subject matter such as inconstant women, but through the rise of satire, the metaphor became a means of describing London as rampant, diseased and corrupt. Finally, Shakespeare was able to take the pox and apply it to the economic sickness that was affecting England by inscribing appetites with consuming pox-inspired qualities that were, in effect, a commentary on the uncontrolled rise of the capitalist state and the dangers of desire.
50
Moon, Sangwha. "Dickens in the Context of Victorian Culture: an Interpretation of Three of Dickens's Novels from the Viewpoint of Darwinian Nature." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279322/.
Full textAbstract:
The worlds of Dickens's novels and of Darwin's science reveal striking similarity in spite of their involvement in different areas. The similarity comes from the fact that they shared the ethos of Victorian society: laissez-faire capitalism. In The Origin of Species, which was published on 1859, Charles Darwin theorizes that nature has evolved through the rules of natural selection, survival of the fittest, and the struggle for existence. Although his conclusion comes from the scientific evidence that was acquired from his five-year voyage, it is clear that Dawinian nature is reflected in cruel Victorian capitalism. Three novels of Charles Dickens which were published around 1859, Bleak House, Hard Times, and Our Mutual Friend, share Darwinian aspects in their fictional worlds. In Bleak House, the central image, the Court of Chancery as the background of the novel, resembles Darwinian nature which is anti-Platonic in essence. The characters in Hard Times are divided into two groups: the winners and the losers in the arena of survival. The winners survive in Coketown, and the losers disappear from the city. The rules controlling the fates of Coketown people are the same as the rules of Darwinian nature. Our Mutual Friend can be interpreted as a matter of money. In the novel, everything is connected with money, and the relationship among people is predation to get money. Money is the central metaphor of the novel and around the money, the characters kill and are killed like the nature of Darwin in which animals kill each other. When a dominant ideology of a particular period permeates ingredients of the society, nobody can escape the controlling power of the ideology. Darwin and Dickens, although they worked in different areas, give evidence that their works are products of the ethos of Victorian England.