Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Evolutive information'
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1
Thirion, Xavier. "Analyse comparative et evolutive de l'activite hospitaliere : a propos des methodes et des outils." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX20657.
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Tolentino, Edilene Fernandes. "Estudo sobre a apropriação tecnológica em escolas de Diamantina - Minas Gerais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15526.
Abstract:
A exposição da comunidade escolar às novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação tem impacto positivo na apropriação tecnológica. Nosso objetivo é analisar o uso dos laboratórios de informática em três escolas públicas de Diamantina. Utilizamos como parâmetros os estágios evolutivos do Projeto ACOT (Apple Classroom of Tomorrow - Salas de Aula do Futuro da Apple). O referencial teórico trabalha a partir de cinco estágios evolutivos: (1) exposição; (2) adoção; (3) adaptação; (4) apropriação e; (5) inovação. Estas categorias derivam de registros de observação nos 10 anos de duração do projeto da Apple. Cada estágio expõe comportamentos e atitudes que gradativamente incorporam as novas tecnologias. A fonte dos dados está (a) nas entrevistas com professores, alunos, diretores de escola, mães e (b) nos registros de observações em campo realizadas no período de 2004 e 2005. O procedimento analítico busca as unidades significativas do discurso. Os estágios do projeto ACOT podem ser usados como parâmetros para mostrar a apropriação tecnológica nas escolas. Nas três escolas analisadas percebe-se que há uma apropriação significativa do uso das novas tecnologias em sala de aula, propiciando mudanças no ambiente escolar e mudança de postura na relação professor-aluno. Este trabalho foi produzido no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação (FACED/UFRGS), insere-se na linha de pesquisa Informática na Educação e vincula-se ao Núcleo de Educação Digital.The exposure of school communities to new information and communication technologies has positive impact on technological appropriation. Our objective was to analyze the use of computer laboratories in three public schools in Diamantina. We have used the evolutive stages of the ACOT Project (Apple Classroom of Tomorrow) as parameters. The theoretical reference works from five evolutive stages: (1) exposure; (2) adoption; (3) adaptation; (4) appropriation and (5) innovation. These categories have derived from observations recorded during the 10-year period of the Apple Project. Each stage shows behaviors and attitudes which have gradually incorporated the new technologies. The source of data consists of (a) interviews with teachers, students, principals and mothers, and (b) field observations recorded between 2004 and 2005. The analytical procedure has searcherd for meaningful units of discourse. The stages of the ACOT Project may be used as parameters to show the technological appropriation in schools. In the three schools analyzed, there has been a significant appropriation of the use of new technologies in the classroom, thus allowing for innovation in the school environment and change of position in the teacher-student relashionship. This work has been carried out in Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação (FACED/UFRGS) as part of the research area related to the use of computers in education and is associated with the Núcleo de Educação Digital.
3
Domínguez, Sal David. "Analysis and optimization of question answering systems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/78011.
4
Launay, Romain. "Computational characterization and understanding of protein assemblies : the case of the Escherichia coli Ubi metabolon involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAT0055.
Abstract:
Les interactions protéine-protéine (PPIs) et les assemblages supramoléculaires sont essentiels pour les fonctions des cellules vivantes. Ils jouent un rôle important dans un certain nombre de fonctions biologiques, comme la transduction de signaux, la communication entre cellules, la transcription, la réplication ou le transport membranaire. La détermination et la caractérisation de telles interfaces restent un défi en biologie structurale. Cependant, les progrès dans le développement de méthodes computationnelles et la puissance des ressources informatiques disponibles de nos jours ont permis une amélioration considérable de la précision des prédictions in silico des modèles tri-dimensionnels d’assemblages protéiques.Dans le cadre de cette thèse, l’objectif était de prédire la structure d’un assemblage supramoléculaire, appelé métabolon Ubi, impliqué dans la voie de biosynthèse de l’ubiquinone (UQ8) dans Escherichia coli. L’ubiquinone est un prénol possédant des propriétés oxydo-réductrices, localisé dans les membranes, et très conservé à travers l’évolution mais également dans les différentes cellules des organismes. Elle est composée de deux parties principales, un groupe aromatique aux propriétés oxydo-réductrices, appelé quinone ou tête polaire, et une queue polyisoprénoide qui est de nature hydrophobe. Dans le cadre de cette étude, ce sont les dernières étapes de la voie de biosynthèse, notamment les modifications (méthylations et hydroxylations) de la tête polaire, qui nous intéressent. Ces réactions ont lieu au sein du métabolon Ubi. Ce dernier est constitué de sept protéines différentes (UbiE, UbiG, UbiF, UbiH, UbiI, UbiJ, UbiK) catalysant six réactions enzymatiques consécutives.Dans ce travail, nous avons cherché à prédire la structure du métabolon et nous avons ainsi été capable de proposer un sous-ensemble protéique que nous avons nommé "sous-unité centrale". Cette sous-unité comprend l’ensemble des partenaires et pourrait être biologiquement fonctionnelle. En parallèle, une étude a été menée sur l’hétérotrimère UbiJ-UbiK2, une brique moléculaire essentielle du métabolon Ubi. Un modèle tri-dimensionnel de UbiJ-UbiK2 a été proposé. A l’aide d’une étude par modélisation multi-échelles, il a pu être montré qu’il pouvait être impliqué dans le relargage de l’ubiquinone au sein des membranes. Enfin, la dernière partie de ce travail a porté sur l’étude du comportement d’une famille particulière d’enzymes, les mono-oxygénases à flavine de classe A, à laquelle appartiennent UbiF, UbiH et UbiI. Une étude comparative entre une enzyme modèle de cette famille enzymatique, appelée PHBH, et UbiI a été réalisée et concluant à la nécessité d’interactions avec des partenaires, permettant de stabiliser ces protéines au sein du métabolon Ubi.L’ensemble de ces travaux, et des hypothèses proposées, permet d’apporter un regard nouveau sur l’organisation supramoléculaire du métabolon Ubi, tant au niveau structural que fonctionnel. Ainsi, nos résultats ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives pour leur étude expérimentaleProtein-protein interactions (PPIs) and supramolecular assemblies are essential for the functions of living cells. They play an important role in various biological functions, such as signal transduction, cell-cell communication, transcription, replication and membrane transport. Determining and characterizing such interfaces remains a challenge in structural biology. However, advances in the development of computational methods and the power of the computing resources available today have led to a considerable improvement in the accuracy of in silico predictions of three-dimensional models of protein assemblies.In this thesis, the aim was to predict the structure of a supramolecular assembly, called the Ubi metabolon, involved in the ubiquinone (UQ8) biosynthesis pathway in Escherichia coli. Ubiquinone is a prenol with oxido-reducing properties, localized in membranes, and highly conserved throughout evolution but also in different cells of organisms. It is composed of two main parts, an aromatic group with oxido-reducing properties, known as quinone or polar head, and a polyisoprenoid tail which is hydrophobic in nature. In this study, we are interested in the final stages of the biosynthetic pathway, in particular the modifications (methylations and hydroxylations) of the polar head. These reactions take place within the Ubi metabolon. The latter is made up of seven different proteins (UbiE, UbiG, UbiF, UbiH, UbiI, UbiJ, UbiK) catalysing six consecutive enzymatic reactions.In this work, we sought to predict the structure of the metabolon and were thus able to propose a protein subset that we called the 'core subunit'. This sub-unit includes all the partners and could be biologically functional. In parallel, a study was carried out on the UbiJ-UbiK2 heterotrimer, an essential molecular brick of the Ubi metabolon. A three-dimensional model of UbiJ-UbiK2 was proposed. Using a multi-scale modelling study, it was shown that it could be involved in the release of ubiquinone from membranes. Finally, the last part of this work focused on studying the behavior of a particular family of enzymes, the class A flavin mono-oxygenases, to which UbiF, UbiH and UbiI belong. A comparative study between a representative enzyme from this family, called PHBH, and UbiI was carried out, concluding that interactions with partners were necessary to stabilize these proteins within the Ubi metabolon.Taken together, this work and the proposed hypotheses provide a new insight into the supramolecular organization of the Ubi metabolon, both structurally and functionally. Our results open up new prospects for their experimental study
5
SHABUNINA, EKATERINA. "Information Evolution Modeling, Tracking and Analyzing in Social Media Streams." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/199007.
Abstract:
Nei tempi attuali, User Generated Content è la principale fonte di notizie e opinioni in tempo reale sugli avvenimenti mondiali. I Social Media, che servono da ambiente per la creazione e la diffusione di contenuti generati dagli utenti, sono, quindi, rappresentativi della nostra cultura e costituiscono un potenziale tesoro di conoscenza.
Pertanto, l'analisi del contenuto diffuso nei social media può portare opportunità senza precedenti a molte aree di ricerca e applicazione. Questa questione è stata esplorata da due diversi punti di vista nella prima fase di questa tesi di dottorato. In particolare, il primo studio esplorativo si è concentrato sulla correlazione tra i risultati delle aziende espresse nei post sui social media e l’andamento dei titoli di tali società in borsa. Nel frattempo, il secondo lavoro esplorativo della prima fase di questa tesi ha analizzato diverse dimensioni e le loro combinazioni di informazioni diffuse sotto un hashtag di social media nel tempo.
Le intuizioni e le conclusioni evidenziate da questi primi due studi sui social media sono servite come base per lo sviluppo delle idee principali in questo dottorato.
Come fulcro di questa tesi proponiamo un approccio per la modellazione, il monitoraggio e l'analisi dell'evoluzione delle informazioni nel tempo nei social media. In particolare, proponiamo di modellare un flusso di social media come un grafico di testo. Una tecnica di degenerazione del grafo è usata per identificare la sequenza temporale delle unità centrali di flussi di informazioni rappresentati da grafici. Inoltre, come principale novità di questo lavoro, proponiamo una serie di misure per tracciare e valutare quantitativamente e qualitativamente l'evoluzione delle informazioni nel tempo. Una valutazione sperimentale sui set di dati sottoposti a scansione da una delle piattaforme di social media più popolari dimostra la validità e l'applicabilità dell'approccio proposto.Nowadays, User Generated Content is the main source of real time news and opinions on the world happenings. Social Media, which serves as an environment for the creation and spreading of User Generated Content, is, therefore, representative of our culture and constitutes a potential treasury of knowledge. Thus, analyzing the content spread in Social Media can bring unprecedented opportunities to many areas of research and application. This matter was explored from two different angles in the first phase of this PhD thesis. In particular, the first exploratory study has focused on the correlation between the performance of companies as expressed in Social Media posts and the Stock Market values movements of the same companies. Meanwhile, the second exploratory work of the first phase of this thesis analyzed different dimensions and their combinations of the information spread under a Social Media hashtag in time. The insights and conclusions highlighted by these first two studies on Social Media have served as the basis for the development of the main ideas in this PhD. As the core focus of this thesis we propose an approach for modeling, tracking and analyzing the information evolution over time in Social Media. In particular, we propose to model a Social Media stream as a text graph. A graph degeneracy technique is used to identify the temporal sequence of the core units of information streams represented by graphs. Furthermore, as the major novelty of this work, we propose a set of measures to track and evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively the evolution of information in time. An experimental evaluation on the crawled datasets from one of the most popular Social Media platforms proves the validity and applicability of the proposed approach.
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Maitland, Kathleen M. "Information systems evolution." Thesis, Open University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289003.
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Hrytsenko, Mikhail Alexandrovich, and Михайло Олександрович Гриценко. "Evolution of the information society." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/51706.
Abstract:
1. Хмарні обчислення та їх визначення [Електронний ресурс]. − Режим доступу: http://integritysys.com.ua/solutions/pricatecloud-solution/
2. Історія хмарних обчислень [Електронний ресурс]. − Режим доступу:
https://nachasi.com/2017/09/26/istoriya-hmarnyh-obchyslen/#:~:text
3. Інформаційна еволюція і її сучасність [Електронний ресурс]. − Режим доступу: http://nbuviap.gov.ua/index.php?option=com_
content&view=article&id=3479The evolution of cloud technology began in the 1950s with the introduction of mainframes at IBM. A mainframe is a server with a large amount of RAM and external memory. It is designed to solve problems related to the processing of large amounts of data. The operators of these machines have the ability to access the central computer through terminals, the only function of which was to provide access to additional operators to the mainframes. In most cases, the user did not need the full power of the mainframe. Therefore, «stupid» ports have made mainframes more costeffective, and cloud technologies have a chance for further development. The idea of an «intergalactic computer network» first originated in the 1960s with Joseph Licklider. He was responsible for setting up the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPANET) network. The essence of his concept was that all users from anywhere in the world should be interconnected and access programs and data on any site. The very idea of cloud services is associated with John McCarthy, a specialist in the theory of electronic computers. He suggested that computer computing would be available as a service in the future. This concept will form the basis of the SaaS model, which provides cloud software as a public service.
Еволюція хмарних технологій почалася в 1950-х роках з появи мейнфреймів в компанії IBM. Мейнфрейм - це сервер з великим об'ємом оперативної і зовнішньої пам'яті. Він призначений для вирішення завдань, пов'язаних з обробкою великих обсягів даних. Оператори цих машин мали можливість доступу до центрального комп'ютера через термінали, єдиною функцією яких було забезпечення доступу додаткових операторів до мейнфреймів. У більшості випадків користувачеві не потрібна повна потужність мейнфрейма. Тому "дурні" порти зробили мейнфрейми економічнішими, а хмарні технології мають шанс на подальший розвиток. Ідея "міжгалактичної комп'ютерної мережі" вперше виникла в 1960-х роках у Джозефа Ліклайдера. Він відповідав за створення мережі Агентства передових дослідницьких проектів (ARPANET). Суть його концепції полягала в тому, що всі користувачі з будь-якої точки світу повинні бути пов'язані між собою і мати доступ до програм і даних на будь-якому сайті. Сама ідея хмарних сервісів пов'язана з Джоном Маккарті, фахівцем з теорії електронних обчислювальних машин. Він припустив, що в майбутньому комп'ютерні обчислення будуть доступні як послуга. Ця концепція ляже в основу моделі SaaS, яка надає хмарне програмне забезпечення в якості публічної послуги.
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Liao, Gang. "Information repository design for software evolution." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ34039.pdf.
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Zander, Claudia. "Information measures, entanglement and quantum evolution." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04212008-090506.
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Nnatuanya, Ifechukwu. "Evolution of living information systems development." Thesis, Brunel University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412796.
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Agrawal, Artika. "Intelligent Techniques for Data- Information- Knowledge Evolution." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306860521.
12
Gethers, Malcom Bernard II. "Information Integration for Software Maintenance and Evolution." W&M ScholarWorks, 2012. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539720326.
Abstract:
Software maintenance and evolution is a particularly complex phenomenon in the case of long-lived, large-scale systems. It is not uncommon for such systems to progress through years of development history, a number of developers, and a multitude of software artifacts including millions of lines of code. Therefore, realizing even the slightest change may not always be straightforward. Clearly, changes are the central force driving software evolution. Therefore, it is not surprising that a significant effort has been (and should be) devoted in the software engineering community to systematically understanding, estimating, and managing changes to software artifacts. This effort includes the three core change related tasks of (1) expert developer recommendations - identifying who are the most experienced developers to implement needed changes, (2) traceability link recovery recovering dependencies (traceability links) between different types of software artifacts, and (3) software change impact analysis - which other software entities should be changed given a starting point.;This dissertation defines a framework for an integrated approach to support three core software maintenance and evolution tasks: expert developer recommendation, traceability link recovery, and software change impact analysis. The framework is centered on the use of conceptual and evolutionary relationships latent in structured and unstructured software artifacts. Information Retrieval (IR) and Mining Software Repositories (MSR) based techniques are used for analyzing and deriving these relationships. All the three tasks are supported under the framework by providing systematic combinations of MSR and IR analyses on single and multiple versions of a software system. Our approach to the integration of information is what sets it apart from previously reported relevant solutions in the literature. Evaluation on a number of open source systems suggests that such combinations do offer improvements over individual approaches.
13
Frisk, Tobias. "Metoder för reducerad träning vid Neuro-Evolution." Thesis, University of Skövde, University of Skövde, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-153.
Abstract:
Vid designande av artificiella nätverk (ANN) är en viktig fas att identifiera en bra topologi. Topologin har betydelse för hur väl ett ANN klara att klassificera tidigare osedd data och även hur väl ett ANN klarar av att klassificera generellt. Ett sätt att automatisera detta designarbete är att använda genetiska algoritmer. Att använda GA för att evolvera ANN kallas neuroevolution.
Vid användande av neuroevolution sker en automatisering av nätverksdesignen. Men eftersom GA använder en population, d.v.s. en mängd av nätverk i detta fall, och alla dessa nätverk behöver tränas ett antal träningsepoker så blir denna automatisering tids och resurskrävande. Just träningen av ANN har en stor betydelse för hur lång tid evolutionsprocessen tar.
I detta arbete har fyra olika metoder för reducering av träning vid neuroevolution identifierats. Av dessa identifierade metoder har tre metoder ansetts tillräckligt lovande att utföra tester med. Dessa tre kvarvarande har implementerats och testats på två olika problemtyper. Använda testproblem är åtta bitars paritetsproblem och ett klassificeringsproblem rörande klassificering av bilder på träd (tall och gran).
Metoderna har utvärderats teoretiskt och även baserat på resultat från experiment. Som bedömningskriteria har resulterande nätverks klassificeringsförmåga, storlek hos resulterande nätverk och hur stor minskningen av antal använda träningsepoker är.
14
Thorley, Joseph Lockwood. "Cladistic information, leaf stability and supertree construction." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322012.
15
Pukari, V. (Ville). "LTE evolution towards 5G." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201604061384.
Abstract:
The development of mobile telecommunication systems is a constant process and there is a high demand to add new features and further enhance the long term evolution advanced (LTE-A), also known as 4G. The development of telecommunication systems will continue with new, 5th generation (5G) radio technology. The latest enhancements and added features of the LTE will be inherited by the 5G. 5G technology is likely to satisfy different wireless communication user requirements concerning higher data rates, greater reliability, mobility, energy efficiency and security. This thesis will present the 5G requirements set by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), as well as the most important enhancements and new features for the LTE which aim to partially fulfill these requirements. The key feature concepts shall be examined and their impacts on protocol layers 1 and 2 shall be analyzed briefly. One of the biggest challenges for mobile telecommunication system is to minimize power consumption. 3GPP has introduced several methods to address this issue e.g. Discontinuous Reception (DRX). In this thesis, the power saving mode (PSM) feature implementation is presented based on the technology of 3GPP Release 12. The basic idea of this feature is to allow the user equipment (UE) to enter a power saving mode when there is no need for network communications. This expands total battery life and opens new use cases for similar LTE based devices, e.g. weather stations. The completed feature was validated with unit tests. The power consumption of the UE was measured with and without the PSM and the results were evaluated accordingly. UE can achieve even lower power consumption levels in PSM, than in normal idle mode and with appropriate PSM timer values standby time can stretch to several weeks or even yearsMobiilien telekommunikaatiojärjestelmien kehitys on jatkuva prosessi ja tänä päivänä on paljon kysyntää lisätä uusia ominaisuuksia ja parannuksia kehittyneeseen pitkän aikavälin evoluutioon (Long Term Evolution Advanced, LTE-A), toisinsanoen 4G:hen. Telekommunikaatiojärjestelmien kehitys jatkuu uuden, viidennen sukupolven (5G) radioteknologialla ja uusimmat parannukset periytyvät LTE:stä osaksi 5G:tä. 5G-teknologian nähdään täyttävän monen eri langattoman viestinnän käyttäjäryhmän tarpeet esimerkiksi suurempien datanopeuksien, paremman luotettavuuden, liikkuvuuden, energiatehokkuuden ja turvallisuuden suhteen. Tämä työ esittelee 3rd Generation Partnership Projektin (3GPP) asettamat vaatimukset 5G:lle sekä tärkeimmät LTE-parannukset ja uudet ominaisuudet, joilla pyritään osittain täyttämään nämä vaatimukset. Tärkeimpien ominaisuuksien periaatteet selvitetään ja vaikutukset protokollatasoille 1 ja 2 analysoidaan lyhyesti. Yksi suurimmista mobiilin tietoliikennejärjestelmäkehityksen haasteista on virrankulutuksen minimoiminen. 3GPP on esitellyt useita menetelmiä ongelman ratkaisemiseksi, kuten esimerkiksi epäjatkuvan vastaanoton (Discontinuous Reception, DRX) mekanismin. Tämä työ esittelee virransäästötilan (PSM) toteutuksen 3GPP release 12:sta perustuvalla LTE-mobiililaitteen prototyypillä. Tämän ominaisuuden perusideana on mahdollistaa mobililaitteen meneminen valmiustilaan silloin kun ei ole tarpeellista kommunikoida verkon kanssa. Tämä lisää akunkestoa ja avaa uusia käyttötapauksia, kuten esimerkiksi LTE-sääasemat. Valmis ominaisuus varmennettiin yksikkötesteillä. Virrankulutus mitattiin virransäästötila päällä sekä pois päältä ja tulokset arvioitiin. Virrankulutuksen huomattiin laskeavan virransäästötilassa alemmalle tasolle kuin tilanteessa, jossa verkkoa ei kuunnella ja sopivilla PSM-ajastinarvoilla valmiustilan kestoa voidaan pidentää viikoilla tai jopa vuosilla
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Ruiz, April M. "Social information gathering in lemurs /." St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/908.
17
Frisch, Walter. "Co-Evolution of Information Revolution and Spread of Democracy. 33. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Informatik an der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität in Frankfurt am Main 29.9. - 2.10. 2003." Gesellschaft für Informatik, 2003. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3209/1/CO%2DEvolution%2DWFRISCH.pdf.
Abstract:
This is a short summary of a recent survey [FR03] focusing on the observed evidence, that Internet connectivity is positively correlated with spread of democracy at high levels of significance. The results of multivariate correlation analysis and probabilities regression estimate models are based on the combined analysis of mid - 1991's, to 2001 data series of the Eurostat's and US Census
Bureau, the World Bank, and OECD's statistical data service which track the growth of information technology and rating of freedom and democracy worldwide.(author's abstract)
18
Moon, Hyun Jin. "Supporting schema evolution in information systems and historical databases." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1790275571&sid=20&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Klamser, Pascal. "Collective Information Processing and Criticality, Evolution and Limited Attention." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/23099.
Abstract:
Im ersten Teil analysiere ich die Selbstorganisation zur Kritikalität (hier ein Phasenübergang von Ordnung zu Unordnung) und untersuche, ob Evolution ein möglicher Organisationsmechanismus ist.
Die Kernfrage ist, ob sich ein simulierter kohäsiver Schwarm, der versucht, einem Raubtier auszuweichen, durch Evolution selbst zum kritischen Punkt entwickelt, um das Ausweichen zu optimieren?
Es stellt sich heraus, dass (i) die Gruppe den Jäger am besten am kritischen Punkt vermeidet, aber (ii) nicht durch einer verstärkten Reaktion, sondern durch strukturelle Veränderungen, (iii) das Gruppenoptimum ist evolutionär unstabiler aufgrund einer maximalen räumlichen Selbstsortierung der Individuen.
Im zweiten Teil modelliere ich experimentell beobachtete Unterschiede im kollektiven Verhalten von Fischgruppen, die über mehrere Generationen verschiedenen Arten von größenabhängiger Selektion ausgesetzt waren.
Diese Größenselektion soll Freizeitfischerei (kleine Fische werden freigelassen, große werden konsumiert) und die kommerzielle Fischerei mit großen Netzbreiten (kleine/junge Individuen können entkommen) nachahmen.
Die zeigt sich, dass das Fangen großer Fische den Zusammenhalt und die Risikobereitschaft der Individuen reduziert.
Beide Befunde lassen sich mechanistisch durch einen Aufmerksamkeits-Kompromiss zwischen Sozial- und Umweltinformationen erklären.
Im letzten Teil der Arbeit quantifiziere ich die kollektive Informationsverarbeitung im Feld.
Das Studiensystem ist eine an sulfidische Wasserbedingungen angepasste Fischart mit einem kollektiven Fluchtverhalten vor Vögeln (wiederholte kollektive Fluchttauchgängen).
Die Fische sind etwa 2 Zentimeter groß, aber die kollektive Welle breitet sich über Meter in dichten Schwärmen an der Oberfläche aus.
Es zeigt sich, dass die Wellengeschwindigkeit schwach mit der Polarisation zunimmt, bei einer optimalen Dichte am schnellsten ist und von ihrer Richtung relativ zur Schwarmorientierung abhängt.In the first part, I focus on the self-organization to criticality (here an order-disorder phase transition) and investigate if evolution is a possible self-tuning mechanism. Does a simulated cohesive swarm that tries to avoid a pursuing predator self-tunes itself by evolution to the critical point to optimize avoidance? It turns out that (i) the best group avoidance is at criticality but (ii) not due to an enhanced response but because of structural changes (fundamentally linked to criticality), (iii) the group optimum is not an evolutionary stable state, in fact (iv) it is an evolutionary accelerator due to a maximal spatial self-sorting of individuals causing spatial selection. In the second part, I model experimentally observed differences in collective behavior of fish groups subject to multiple generation of different types of size-dependent selection. The real world analog to this experimental evolution is recreational fishery (small fish are released, large are consumed) and commercial fishing with large net widths (small/young individuals can escape). The results suggest that large harvesting reduces cohesion and risk taking of individuals. I show that both findings can be mechanistically explained based on an attention trade-off between social and environmental information. Furthermore, I numerically analyze how differently size-harvested groups perform in a natural predator and fishing scenario. In the last part of the thesis, I quantify the collective information processing in the field. The study system is a fish species adapted to sulfidic water conditions with a collective escape behavior from aerial predators which manifests in repeated collective escape dives. These fish measure about 2 centimeters, but the collective wave spreads across meters in dense shoals at the surface. I find that wave speed increases weakly with polarization, is fastest at an optimal density and depends on its direction relative to shoal orientation.
20
Swift, Adam Glen. "Mapping posthuman discourse and the evolution of living information." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16439/1/Adam_Swift_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
The discourse that surrounds and constitutes the post-human emerged as a response to earlier claims of an essential or universal human or human nature. These discussions claim that the human is a discursive construct that emerges from various configurations of nature, embodiment, technology, and culture, configurations that have also been variously shaped by the forces of social history. And in the absence of an essential human figure, post-human discourses suggest that there are no restrictions or limitations on how the human can be reconfigured. This axiom has been extended in light of a plethora of technological reconfigurations and augmentations now potentially available to the human, and claims emerge from within this literature that these new technologies constitute a range of possibilities for future human biological evolution.
This thesis questions the assumption contained within these discourses that technological incursions or reconfigurations of the biological human necessarily constitute human biological or human social evolution by discussing the role the evolution theories plays in our understanding of the human, the social, and technology. In this thesis I show that, in a reciprocal process, evolution theory draws metaphors from social institutions and ideologies, while social institutions and ideologies simultaneously draw on metaphors from evolution theory. Through this discussion, I propose a form of evolution literacy; a tool, I argue, is warranted in developing a sophisticated response to changes in both human shape and form. I argue that, as a whole, our understanding of evolution constitutes a metanarrative, a metaphor through which we understand the place of the human within the world; it follows that historical shifts in social paradigms will result in new definitions of evolution. I show that contemporary evolution theory reflects parts of the world as codified informatic systems of associated computational network logic through which the behaviour of participants is predefined according to an evolved or programmed structure.
Working from within the discourse of contemporary evolution theory I develop a space through which a version of the post-human figure emerges. I promote this version of the post-human as an Artificial Intelligence computational programme or autonomous agent that, rather than seeking to replace, reduce or deny the human subject, is configured as an exosomatic supplement to and an extension of the biological human.
21
Swift, Adam Glen. "Mapping posthuman discourse and the evolution of living information." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16439/.
Abstract:
The discourse that surrounds and constitutes the post-human emerged as a response to earlier claims of an essential or universal human or human nature. These discussions claim that the human is a discursive construct that emerges from various configurations of nature, embodiment, technology, and culture, configurations that have also been variously shaped by the forces of social history. And in the absence of an essential human figure, post-human discourses suggest that there are no restrictions or limitations on how the human can be reconfigured. This axiom has been extended in light of a plethora of technological reconfigurations and augmentations now potentially available to the human, and claims emerge from within this literature that these new technologies constitute a range of possibilities for future human biological evolution. This thesis questions the assumption contained within these discourses that technological incursions or reconfigurations of the biological human necessarily constitute human biological or human social evolution by discussing the role the evolution theories plays in our understanding of the human, the social, and technology. In this thesis I show that, in a reciprocal process, evolution theory draws metaphors from social institutions and ideologies, while social institutions and ideologies simultaneously draw on metaphors from evolution theory. Through this discussion, I propose a form of evolution literacy; a tool, I argue, is warranted in developing a sophisticated response to changes in both human shape and form. I argue that, as a whole, our understanding of evolution constitutes a metanarrative, a metaphor through which we understand the place of the human within the world; it follows that historical shifts in social paradigms will result in new definitions of evolution. I show that contemporary evolution theory reflects parts of the world as codified informatic systems of associated computational network logic through which the behaviour of participants is predefined according to an evolved or programmed structure. Working from within the discourse of contemporary evolution theory I develop a space through which a version of the post-human figure emerges. I promote this version of the post-human as an Artificial Intelligence computational programme or autonomous agent that, rather than seeking to replace, reduce or deny the human subject, is configured as an exosomatic supplement to and an extension of the biological human.
22
Lee, Alexander. "The evolutionary ecology of animal information use and social dominance." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1d2b343e-fe0a-4611-b1c7-b820da19e075.
Abstract:
Organisms are frequently faced with uncertainty regarding how best to exploit vital resources, and may benefit from collecting information about their distribution through space and time. However, the ways in which competition over resources might systematically facilitate or constrain an individual's ability to use information has been largely overlooked. In this thesis, I develop a conceptual framework for considering how the distribution of limited resources might underpin interdependencies between competition and information use. I focus on the evolutionary ecology of relationships between social dominance and social information use. I begin with an observational study of wild chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) suggesting that, when resources can be monopolised, individuals with low competitive ability are limited in their ability to use social information. Building on these findings, I then develop a general model exploring selection on social information use in a competitive context across three axes of 'resource ecology' (scarcity, depletion rate, monopolisability). This study makes predictions regarding the resource conditions under which competitive ability might constrain social information use, and the potential importance of social information use in the evolution of social dominance. I go on to test these predictions in chacma baboons using a field experiment. This experiment also explores whether the predictability of resource distribution might facilitate the decoupling of social information use from the competitive context in which it was collected. Taken together, these findings provide general insights into the combinations of ecological conditions and behavioural mechanisms that should underpin the benefits of social dominance. I end by building a simple population matrix model to study social dominance using an eco-evolutionary approach, in which feedback loops between ecological and evolutionary processes are considered. By modelling relationships between dominance rank and survival, reproduction, inheritance, and development, I am able to derive estimates of long-term fitness associated with dominance. Using these estimates, I generate predictions regarding how dominance hierarchies should impact the dynamics of group stability, viability, and fission.
23
Sardanyés, i. Cayuela Josep. "Dynamics, evolution and information in nonlinear dynamical systems of replicators." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7182.
Abstract:
En aquesta tesi he investigat diversos camps de la biologia que podrien englobar-se en la disciplina general dels sistemes no lineals de replicadors. Els treballs presentats en aquesta tesis investiguen diversos fenomens dinàmics i processos evolutius per virus de RNA, pels anomenats hipercicles i per models generals de replicadors antagonistes. Específicament he investigat les anomenades quasiespècies, utilitzades per a modelitzar poblacions de RNA. Els treballs sobre hipercicles exploren diversos fenomens previs a l'origen de la vida i a l'aparició de la primera cèl.lula vivent. Mitjançant models ecològics com també utilitzant diferents eines computacionals he estudiat l'anomenada hipòtesi de la Reina Roja per entitats replicadores simples amb mutació. Aquests estudis tenen un interès en el contexte de l'evolució prebiòtica i l'ecologia teòrica.In this thesis I have investigated several fields of biology that can be classified in the general subject of replicator nonlinear systems. The works presented in the thesis investigate several dynamical phenomena and evolutionary processes for RNA viruses, for hypercycles and for general models on antagonistic replicator dynamics. I have specifically investigated the dynamics of so-called quasispecies, used for the modelization of RNA populations. The works on hypercycles explore several phenomena related to previous events to the origin of life and to the appearance of the first living cell. By means of some ecologically-based mathematical models as well as of some computational models we also investigate the so-called Red Queen hypothesis for small, replicating-mutating entities. These studies are of interest in the context of prebiotic evolution and theoretical ecology.
24
Ghoneim, Ahmed Mohamed Ali. "Reflective and adaptive middleware for software evolution of information systems." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://diglib.uni-magdeburg.de/Dissertationen/2007/ahmghoneim.htm.
25
Sardanyés, Cayuela Josep. "Dynamics, evolution and information in nonlinear dynamical systems of replicators." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7182.
Abstract:
En aquesta tesi he investigat diversos camps de la biologia que podrien englobar-se en la disciplina general dels sistemes no lineals de replicadors. Els treballs presentats en aquesta tesis investiguen diversos fenomens dinàmics i processos evolutius per virus de RNA, pels anomenats hipercicles i per models generals de replicadors antagonistes. Específicament he investigat les anomenades quasiespècies, utilitzades per a modelitzar poblacions de RNA. Els treballs sobre hipercicles exploren diversos fenomens previs a l'origen de la vida i a l'aparició de la primera cèl.lula vivent. Mitjançant models ecològics com també utilitzant diferents eines computacionals he estudiat l'anomenada hipòtesi de la Reina Roja per entitats replicadores simples amb mutació. Aquests estudis tenen un interès en el contexte de l'evolució prebiòtica i l'ecologia teòrica.In this thesis I have investigated several fields of biology that can be classified in the general subject of replicator nonlinear systems. The works presented in the thesis investigate several dynamical phenomena and evolutionary processes for RNA viruses, for hypercycles and for general models on antagonistic replicator dynamics. I have specifically investigated the dynamics of so-called quasispecies, used for the modelization of RNA populations. The works on hypercycles explore several phenomena related to previous events to the origin of life and to the appearance of the first living cell. By means of some ecologically-based mathematical models as well as of some computational models we also investigate the so-called Red Queen hypothesis for small, replicating-mutating entities. These studies are of interest in the context of prebiotic evolution and theoretical ecology.
26
Zhang, Guohua. "Exploratory Robotic Controllers : An Evolution and Information Theory Driven Approach." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112208/document.
Abstract:
Cette thèse porte sur la conception de contrôleurs pour robots explorateurs autonomes basée sur une approche en ligne (online) intégrée, ne nécessitant pas de vérité terrain ni d'intervention de l'expert humain au cours du processus d'entrainement.Le travail présenté se focalise sur le domaine de la robotique autonome et plus particulièrement la conception de controleurs robotiques pour les essaims de robots.Ce contexte présente deux difficultés spécifiques. Premièrement, les approches basées sur l'usage de simulateur sont d'efficacité limitée : d'une part, la précision du simulateur est limitée compte tenu de la variabilité des robots élémentaires; d'autre part, la complexité de la simulation est super-linéaire en fonction du nombre de robots de l'essaim. Deuxièmement, les approches guidées par le but se heurtent au fait que la fonction objectif n'est pas définie au niveau du robot individuel, mais au niveau de l'essaim.Une première étape vers la conception de contrôleur explorateur autonome est proposée dans cette thèse. L'approche proposée, appelée exploration robotique fondée sur l'évolution et l'information (Ev-ITER) se fonde sur l'hybridation de la robotique évolutionnaire et de l'apprentissage par renforcement utilisant l'entropie. Cette approche procède en deux phases: (i) dans une première phase l'évolution artificielle est utilisée pour générer des contrôleurs primaires (crawlers), dont les trajectoires sont d'entropie élevée dans l'espace sensori-moteur; (ii) dans une seconde phase, l'archive des trajectoires acquises par les controleurs primaires est exploitée pour définir les controleurs secondaires, inspirés de la motivation intrinsèque robuste et permettant l'exploration rigoureuse de l'environnement.Les contributions de cette thèse sont les suivantes. Premièrement, comme désiré Ev-ITER peut être lancé en ligne, et sans nécessiter de vérité terrain ou d'assistance. Deuxièmement, Ev-ITER surpasse les approches autonomes en robotique évolutionnaire en terme d'exploration de l'arène. Troisièmement, le contrôleur Ev-ITER est doté d'une certaine généralité, dans la mesure où il est capable d'explorer efficacement d'autres arènes que celle considérée pendant la première phase de l'évolution. Il est à souligner que la généralité du contrôleur appris vis-à-vis de l'environnement d'entrainement a rarement été considérée en apprentissage par renforcement ou en robotique évolutionnaireThis thesis is concerned with building autonomous exploratory robotic controllers in an online, on-board approach, with no requirement for ground truth or human intervention in the experimental setting.This study is primarily motivated by autonomous robotics, specifically autonomous robot swarms. In this context, one faces two difficulties. Firstly, standard simulator-based approaches are hardly effective due to computational efficiency and accuracy reasons. On the one hand, the simulator accuracy is hindered by the variability of the hardware; on the other hand, this approach faces a super-linear computational complexity w.r.t. the number of robots in the swarm. Secondly, the standard goal-driven approach used for controller design does not apply as there is no explicit objective function at the individual level, since the objective is defined at the swarm level.A first step toward autonomous exploratory controllers is proposed in the thesis. The Evolution & Information Theory-based Exploratory Robotics (Ev-ITER) approach is based on the hybridization of two approaches stemming from Evolutionary Robotics and from Reinforcement Learning, with the goal of getting the best of both worlds: (i) primary controllers, or crawling controllers, are evolved in order to generate sensori-motor trajectories with high entropy; (ii) the data repository built from the crawling controllers is exploited, providing prior knowledge to secondary controllers, inspired from the intrinsic robust motivation setting and achieving the thorough exploration of the environment.The contributions of the thesis are threefold. Firstly, Ev-ITER fulfills the desired requirement: it runs online, on-board and without requiring any ground truth or support. Secondly, Ev-ITER outperforms both the evolutionary and the information theory-based approaches standalone, in terms of actual exploration of the arena. Thirdly and most importantly, the Ev-ITER controller features some generality property, being able to efficiently explore other arenas than the one considered during the first evolutionary phase. It must be emphasized that the generality of the learned controller with respect to the considered environment has rarely been considered, neither in the reinforcement learning, nor in evolutionary robotics
27
Ruiz, April M. "Social information gathering in lemurs." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/908.
Abstract:
By investigating the cognitive capacities of non-human primates, we can begin to understand the cognitive capacities of the evolutionary ancestors we share with these species. While there is a great deal of research exploring the socio-cognitive abilities of simian primates, prosimians have not been sufficiently studied. Without data from these species, our knowledge about the evolution of the primate mind is limited to the common ancestor shared between simian primates only, precluding understanding of the phylogenetic origins of certain phenomena. I explored the socio-cognitive capacities of lemurs, a type of prosimian primate. I studied several areas of social cognition related to social referencing, defined as the ability to use and seek out social information when appraising objects or events. As social referencing is a popular subject in both human developmental and non-human primate literature, I aimed to determine how prosimians’ capacities compare. My research was conducted with captive lemurs of three species: Eulemur fulvus fulvus, Eulemur macaco macaco, and Eulemur fulvus rufus. I found that lemurs use social cues regarding food palatability to modify their own feeding behaviour and that they visually attend to conspecifics differently when presented with novel, as compared to familiar, foods. Lemurs also visually referred to a human experimenter’s face when presented with an anomalous interaction and went on to engage in gaze alternation. Lemurs failed to use information about the experimenter’s attentional state, however, when modifying their use of a trained gesture. Finally, I found that lemurs are able to visually co-orient with conspecifics, correctly prioritising information from the head over that from the body, and that they go on to use conspecific gaze to locate hidden resources. These results show that lemurs are more cognitively advanced than previously thought and the origins of some social referencing skills may be phylogenetically older than previously hypothesised.
28
Loukola, O. (Olli). "Information networks among species:adaptations and counter-adaptations in acquiring and hiding information." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526204345.
Abstract:
Abstract Social information use is a widespread phenomenon across the animal kingdom and it affects various important aspects of animal behaviour. Animals observe and copy the behaviour of conspecifics and other species on the same trophic level in their own decision-making, e.g., in habitat or mate choice. Copying is adaptive only when it is selective. Thus, it would be important to understand when and which individuals should copy others, and which individuals they choose to copy and what are the consequences of social information use. In this thesis, I experimentally study these questions in wild animals living in natural conditions. By simulating arbitrary preference of great tits (Parus major), I demonstrated that the portrayed fitness does not affect the nest site choices of conspecifics, but the tit pairs with an old male prefer the nest site choices of good and poor conspecifics. Social information use among tits appears to be age- and sex-dependent. Pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca), however, selectively copy or reject a novel nest site feature preference (symbol attached to the nest box) of great tits experimentally manipulated to exhibit high or low fitness (clutch size), respectively. By offering pied flycatchers choice in nest boxes with alternative contents, I showed that nest take-overs of flycatchers are not a form of social information use, but seem to result from the reduced building effort required. Furthermore, by conducting a decoy and playback experiment, I showed that great tits covered eggs more efficiently in the presence of pied flycatchers. One function of egg covering behaviour seems to be a counter-adaptation to reduce information parasitism by pied flycatchers. My results demonstrate that the social transmission of behaviours across species can be highly selective in response to observed fitness, plausibly making the phenomenon adaptive. In contrast with the current theory of species coexistence, overlap between realized niches of species could dynamically increase or decrease, depending on the observed success of surrounding individuals. The social information revealed by success and behaviour of animals is a resource that can be used or concealed. It is a new kind of evolutionary and ecological factor which may affect the formation of ecosystems and species coevolutionTiivistelmä Sosiaalinen informaationkäyttö on yleinen ilmiö eläinkunnassa, ja sitä tavataan aina hyönteisistä valaisiin. Yksilöt tarkkailevat ja kopioivat sekä lajitovereiden että toisen ekologialtaan samankaltaisen lajin yksilöiden käyttäytymistä erilaisissa tilanteissa, kuten pesäpaikan tai parittelukumppanin valinnassa. Sosiaalinen informaationkäyttö on adaptiivista ainoastaan ollessaan valikoivaa. Siksi on tärkeää selvittää kenen, koska ja ketä kannattaa kopioida, ja mitä ekologisia ja evolutiivisia seurauksia siitä koituu informaation lähteelle ja käyttäjälle. Väitöskirjassani tutkin kokeellisesti informaation hankkijan (kirjosieppo Ficedula hypoleuca) valikoivaa kopioimista ja siitä mahdollisesti johtuvaa informaation lähteen (talitiainen Parus major) vasta-adaptaatiota luonnonoloissa. Symbolikokeilla selvitin, että talitiaisten lajinsisäinen kopiointi on iästä ja sukupuolesta riippuvaa, mutta informaationlähteen havaittu kelpoisuus ei vaikuta kopioinnin todennäköisyyteen. Kirjosiepot puolestaan kopioivat valikoivasti keinotekoisesti luotuja tiaisten mieltymyksiä pesäpönttöön kiinnitettyjä symboleja kohtaan, riippuen tiaisten havaitusta manipuloidusta kelpoisuudesta (munamäärästä pesässä). Siepot kopioivat tiaisia, joiden pesässä on paljon munia (13 munaa), ja rejektoivat tiaisia (valitsevat vaihtoehtoisen symbolin), joilla munia on vähän (5 munaa). Tarjoamalla kirjosiepoille vaihtoehtoisia pesäpönttöjä osoitin, että sieppojen luontainen mieltymys vallata ja rakentaa pesänsä toisten pesien päälle ei ole sosiaalisen informaationkäytön muoto, vaan se näyttää olevan pesänrakennuksen kustannusten minimointia. Playback-kokeilla osoitin, että talitiaisten munienpeittelykäyttäytymisellä on useita funktioita. Se on vasta-adaptaatio kirjosiepon informaatioloisintaa vastaan ja toimii mahdollisesti suojana kylmää vastaan. Väitöskirjani tulokset osoittavat, että eläinten käyttäytymisen paljastama sosiaalinen informaatio on resurssi, jota voidaan hyödyntää tai salata. Se on myös uudenlainen ekologinen ja evolutiivinen tekijä, joka vaikuttaa eliöyhteisöjen muodostumiseen ja lajien koevoluutioon. Lajienvälinen valikoiva sosiaalinen informaationkäyttö -hypoteesi haastaa nykyisen koevoluutioteorian. Se ennustaa, että informaatiota hyödyntävän lajin ja informaationlähteen ominaisuudet voivat joko samankaltaistua tai erilaistua, informaationlähteen havaittavasta menestyksestä riippuen
29
Koirikivi, R. (Rainer). "The architecture and evolution of computer game engines." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201512112292.
Abstract:
In this study, the architecture and evolution of computer game engines are analyzed by means of a literature review on the academic research body on the subject. The history of computer games, from early 1960s to modern day is presented, with a focus on the architectures behind the games.
In the process, this study will answer a selection of research questions. The topics of the questions include identifying the common parts of a game engine, identifying the architectural trends in the evolution from early to present-day games and engines, identifying ways the process of evolution has affected the present state of the engines, and presenting some possible future trends for the evolution.
As findings of the study, common parts of a game engine were identified as the parts that are specific to every game, with the suggestion that more detailed analyses could be made by concentrating on different genres. Increase in the size, modularity and portability of game engines, and improved tooling associated with them were identified as general trends in the evolution from first games to today. Various successful design decisions behind certain influential games were identified, and the way they affect the present state of the engines were discussed. Finally, increased utilization of parallelism, and the move of game engines from genre-specific towards genre-neutral were identified as possible future trends in the evolution.
30
Kaza, Siddharth. "Instance, Evolution, and Predictive Modeling of Social Networks." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193625.
Abstract:
Various phenomena within the information systems discipline can be studied using the social network paradigm that views social entities as nodes with links between them. The social network analysis (SNA) theory has applications in knowledge management, computer mediated communications, security informatics, and other domains. Challenges in SNA can be classified into three broad areas: instance modeling, evolution modeling, and predictive modeling. Instance modeling focuses on the study of static network properties, evolution modeling examines factors behind network growth, and predictive modeling is concerned with identification of hidden and future network links. This dissertation presents four essays that address these challenges with empirical studies in knowledge management and security informatics.The first essay on instance and evolution modeling contributes to SNA theory by examining a real-world network that contains interactions between thirty thousand individuals. The study is among the few that empirically examine large human-only networks and verify the presence of small-world properties and scale-free distributions. In addition, it proposes a novel application of a network evolution model to examine the growth of networks across geographical boundaries.The second essay on evolution modeling proposes a methodology to identify significant link-formation facilitators. The study found that homophily in age, gender, and race were not significant factors in predicting future links between individuals in dark networks. These results contradicted some previous studies in the same domain that used smaller datasets to study the phenomena.The third essay focuses on evolution and predictive modeling and examines the role of inventor status on the selection of knowledge recombined to produce innovation. A new network measure based on random walks and team identification (RWT) is proposed to model knowledge flow. It is found that inventor status as measured by RWT has a positive relationship with the likelihood of a future citation link to the inventor.The fourth essay focuses on predictive modeling. A modified mutual information formulation is proposed to identify hidden links between nodes based on heuristics of time and location of previous co-occurrences. An evaluation of the proposed technique showed that it performed better in predicting hidden links than other co-occurrence based methods.
31
Delmestri, Antonella. "Data Driven Models for Language Evolution." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368357.
Abstract:
Natural languages that originate from a common ancestor are genetically related, words are the core of any language and cognates are words sharing the same ancestor and etymology. Cognate identification, therefore, represents the foundation upon which the evolutionary history of languages may be discovered, while linguistic phylogenetic inference aims to estimate the genetic relationships that exist between them.
In this thesis, using several techniques originally developed for biological sequence analysis, we have designed a data driven orthographic learning system for measuring string similarity and we have successfully applied it to the tasks of cognate identification and phylogenetic inference.
Our system has outperformed the best comparable phonetic and orthographic cognate identification models previously reported in the literature, with results statistically significant and remarkably stable, regardless of the variation of the training dataset dimension. When applied to phylogenetic inference of the Indo-European language family, whose higher structure does not yet have consensus, our method has estimated phylogenies which are compatible with the benchmark tree and has reproduced correctly all the established major language groups and subgroups present in the dataset.
32
Sirbu, Adina Iulia. "Corrective Evolution of Adaptable Process Models." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/367808.
Abstract:
Modeling business processes is a complex and time-consuming task, which can be simplified by allowing process instances to be structurally adapted at runtime, based on context (e.g., by adding or deleting activities). The process model then no longer needs to include a handling procedure for every exception that can occur. Instead, it only needs to include the assumptions under which a successful execution is guaranteed. If a design-time assumption is violated, the exception handling procedure matching the context is selected at runtime. However, if runtime structural adaptation is allowed, the process model may later need to be updated based on the logs of adapted process instances. Evolving the process model is necessary if adapting at run-time is too costly, or if certain adaptations fail and should be avoided. An issue that is insufficiently addressed in the previous work on process evolution is how to evolve a process model and also ensure that the evolved process model continues to achieve the goal of the original model. We refer to the problem of evolving a process model based on selected instance adaptations, such that the evolved model satisfies the goal of the original model, as corrective evolution. Automated techniques for solving the corrective evolution problem are necessary for two reasons. First, the more complex a process model is, the more difficult it is to be changed manually. Second, there is a need to verify that the evolved model satisfies the original goal. To develop automated techniques, we first formalize the problem of corrective evolution. Since we use a graph-based representation of processes, a key element in our formal model is the notion of trace. When plugging an instance adaptation at a particular point in the process model, there can be multiple paths in the model for reaching this point. Each of these paths is uniquely identified by a trace, i.e., a recording of the activities executed up to that point. Depending on traces, an instance adaptation can be used to correct the process model in three different ways. A correction is strict if the adaptation should be plugged in on a precise trace, relaxed if on all traces, and relaxed with conditions if on a subset of all traces. The choice is driven by competing concerns: the evolved model should not introduce untested behavior, but it should also remain understandable.
Using our formal model, we develop automated techniques for solving the corrective evolution problem in two cases. The first case is also the most restrictive, when all corrections are strict. This case does not require verification, since the process model and adaptations are assumed to satisfy the goal, as long as the adaptations are applied on the corresponding traces. The second case is when corrections are either strict or relaxed. This second case requires verification, and for this reason we develop an automated technique based on planning. We implemented the two automated techniques as tools, which are integrated into a common toolkit. We used this toolkit to evaluate the tradeoffs between applying strict and relaxed corrections on a scenario built on a real event log.
33
Joy, Katherine H. "Topics in lunar evolution using sample analysis and remotely sensed information." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606784.
34
Robson, Nicola. "Information books for children : their visual anatomy and evolution (1860-2005)." Thesis, University of Reading, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627998.
35
Klamser, Pascal [Verfasser]. "Collective Information Processing and Criticality, Evolution and Limited Attention. / Pascal Klamser." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1239644736/34.
36
Lockyer, Rebecca. "Transmission of chemosensory information in Drosophila melanogaster : behavioural modification and evolution." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/transmission-of-chemosensory-information-in-drosophila-melanogaster-behavioural-modification-and-evolution(45101800-3913-4a6b-8c46-52153cbcc3f3).html.
Abstract:
The ‘modern evolutionary synthesis’ emphasised the role of genetic inheritance in driving natural selection; however, this is not the only means by which biological changes may be passed on to future generations. Information can also be transmitted non-genetically, and this could be an important agent of evolution. Non-genetic information can be acquired in two different ways: it can be inherited from parents (for example, through maternal and paternal effects) or gathered from the environment. Transmission of information in this manner can result in durable changes in behaviour, which allow for adaptation to variable conditions, and might ultimately bring about adaptive divergence. To investigate non-genetic transmission of information between parents and offspring, I studied the effects of being reared in the presence of an aversive stimulus, peppermint extract, on the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster using a range of behavioural assays. The results demonstrate that naïve flies exposed to peppermint found it aversive, with exposure substantially reducing their survival; however, the offspring of flies reared in the presence of peppermint showed a significantly reduced aversion despite having no previous direct contact with the stimulus. This strongly suggests that a transmission of information (relating to preference for peppermint) has occurred from parents to offspring. This effect was preserved for four generations if the peppermint stimulus was removed from the food source after only one generation, but with continued exposure to peppermint the reduction in aversion was sustained, and a preference for peppermint may even have developed. Mutant flies lacking OrCo, Trp and Painless showed abnormal behavioural responses to peppermint, suggesting that these genes may be involved in detecting and/or responding to this aversive stimulus. These experiments demonstrate that environmental changes (i.e. the introduction of an aversive stimulus) can instigate biological modifications in D. melanogaster that are passed on non-genetically to future generations. This is most likely true for other insects and animals more generally, and further studies of additional model and non-model species will help to demonstrate the importance and prevalence of non-genetic transmission of information as a driver of fundamental evolutionary change.
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Hudson, Corey M. "Informatic approaches to evolutionary systems biology." Thesis, University of Missouri - Columbia, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3577951.
Abstract:
The sheer complexity of evolutionary systems biology requires us to develop more sophisticated tools for analysis, as well as more probing and biologically relevant representations of the data. My research has focused on three aspects of evolutionary systems biology. I ask whether a gene’s position in the human metabolic network affects the degree to which natural selection prunes variation in that gene. Using a novel orthology inference tool that uses both sequence similarity and gene synteny, I inferred orthologous groups of genes for the full genomes of 8 mammals. With these orthologs, I estimated the selective constraint (the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitutions) on 1190 (or 80.2%) of the genes in the metabolic network using a maximum likelihood model of codon evolution and compared this value to the betweenness centrality of each enzyme (a measure of that enzyme’s relative global position in the network). Second, I have focused on the evolution of metabolic systems in the presence of gene and genome duplication. I show that increases in a particular gene’s copy number are correlated with limiting metabolic flux in the reaction associated with that gene. Finally, I have investigated the proliferative cell programs present in 6 different cancers (breast, colorectal, gastrointestinal, lung, oral squamous and prostate cancers). I found an overabundance of genes that share expression between cancer and embryonic tissue and that these genes form modular units within regulatory, proteininteraction, and metabolic networks. This despite the fact that these genes, as well as the proteins they encode and reactions they catalyze show little overlap among cancers, suggesting parallel independent reversion to an embryonic pattern of gene expression.
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Esplan, Nicolas. "Les métamorphoses de la relation de soin au prisme de l'évolution numérique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10028.
Abstract:
L'échange et le partage d'informations est devenu de nos jours un acte de gestion courante pour l'ensemble du monde professionnel. Pour autant, du point de vue juridique, cette situation interpelle de par sa complexité. Au travers de la régulation de l'information, de la dématérialisation des échanges, la multiplication des acteurs, les professionnels du droit doivent s'interroger concernant l'interaction entre le possible technique et les impératifs réglementaires. Domaine parmi tant d'autres, le monde sanitaire constitue assurément un espace permettant d'étudier ce mouvement à deux temps, notamment lorsque l'on observe plus particulièrement la relation de soins. En effet, l'évolution numérique qui s'applique désormais à cette relation constitue véritablement une étape significative dans le long développement historique de la science médicale. Bien sûr, mêlant tout à la fois modernisation et transformation, elle oblige à une réflexion où s'entremêle banalité et originalité. Mais cette réflexion s'avère nécessaire, car si le développement numérique participe à une meilleure qualité des soins et à une meilleure coordination, il ne doit pas faire oublier qu'il est avant tout au service des individusThe exchange and the sharing of information became nowadays an act of current management for the whole professional world. However, from the legal point of view, this situation calls due to its complexity. Through the regulation of the information, the dematerialization of the exchanges, the increase of the actors, the professionals of the law have to wonder concerning the interaction between the possible technical and the statutory imperatives. Domain among so many others, the sanitary world constitutes undoubtedly a space allowing to study this movement in two time, in particular when we observe more particularly the relation of care. Indeed, the digital evolution which applies henceforth to this relation really constitutes a significant stage in the long historic development of the medical science. Of course, mixing quite at once modernization and transformation, it obliges a reflection where becomes entangled commonness and originality. But this reflection turns out necessary, because if the digital development participates in a better quality of the care and in a better coordination, he does not have to make forget that he is above all in the service of the individuals
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Dimitrov, Dimitar. "Towards cloud application architectural patterns: transfer, evolution, innovation and oblivion." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH. Forskningsmiljö Informationsteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-27643.
Abstract:
Recently, cloud computing has been gaining more and more popularity. Misunderstanding, misusing and underutilizing the cloud offerings, though, both from business and technical perspective still poses a threat to the success of cloud projects. On the technical side, one of the main reasons for success or failure is often the architectural design of the system – if a system is not architected the “cloud way”, using cloud’s special characteristics, the business benefits of such a system are often questionable at best. Software architecture through architectural patterns – reusable generic solutions to classes of problems – has for long been a good way to overcome the challenges of software architecture. This paper focuses on establishing the grounds and highlighting the differences of the knowledge transfer regarding architectural patterns from building pre-cloud (“traditional”) software systems to building cloud-native systems. The following 3 research questions drive this research: RQ1. How does the existing knowledge on architectural patterns relate to the cloud computing environment? RQ2. Which characteristics of architectural patterns make them suitable for the cloud environment? RQ3. How can architectural pattern evolution be documented effectively for usage in the practice? In order to answer these 3 research questions and considering their focus is on utility i.e. creating a model which can be directly used in practice, the research uses design science research methodology (Peffers, et al., 2007-8). The emphasis in this methodology is iteratively building artefact(s) which can be improved and proven through practice that they actually help solving the problem at hand. This research contributes with building 4 inter-connected artefacts: a cloud applicability taxonomy of architectural patterns (CATAP) showing how applicable to a cloud environment an architectural pattern is and why; a pattern-to-characteristics mapping showing how using an architectural pattern affects the resulting system in traditional and cloud environments; a pattern form documenting the architectural patterns and the findings about them in the previous two artefacts; a wiki site, APE Wiki, which makes the results available to the public for reference and discussion and improvement. This research has a few interesting findings. First of all, the current architectural pattern knowledge seems to be very mature as no pattern has been found to have significantly evolved because of cloud – the architectural patterns are really generic and very flexible and only their effect on system characteristics has changed with the environment switch. On the other hand, a few new patterns were discovered and documented, which confirms the need for special attention to the new environment. Apart from that, the pattern-to-characteristics mapping provides interesting insights into which characteristics are most important for cloud and where there is a gap which may need to be filled. This paper presents both the process and the results of the research as equally important as replicating and extending this research could help in maturing the results and the knowledge about architecting systems for cloud thus increasing the chances of success of cloud projects.
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Marjamäki, P. (Pekka). "Evolution and trends of business intelligence systems:a systematic mapping study." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201705031654.
Abstract:
Business Intelligence or BI can be defined as an umbrella term describing a combination of applications, infrastructures, tools, processes, best practises and methods to gather, prepare, provide and analyse data to support decision making activities in organizations. BI is noted to have ties to preceding research on similar systems, known as MIS, DSS and EIS-systems. BI is noted to have been born after requirement to answer the challenges of data gathering and turning the data into knowledge for decision-making. Early BI-development can be seen to have be affected by the development and lowering in costs of technologies in data gathering, analysis, interactivity and personal computing, as well as the introduction of spreadsheet programs in 1980s. Today, BI is noted to be the top investment-area for IT-organizations. Because of multidimensional nature and several viewpoints, it can be challenging to gain an overall view of the area. It is also noted, that a standardized framework of the different BI-related layers or aspects does not exist. The goal of this thesis is to identify which aspects can be noted central for BI, how the area has developed over time, how technological innovation has affected BI and which industries or aspects are noticed to have influenced the development most.
Systematic Mapping Study is used as the main research methodology in this thesis, together with PRISMA, which is used for a more scrutinized review during the selection process. The methods were used to review a large number of studies, gathered from academic databases using a formalized search string. The process provided with two sets of primary studies with total number of 2020 for studying the trends and central aspects in the area of BI and 1414 for studying the industries.
From the results, BI is noted to have gained popularity early 2000s, peaking in 2012–2013, while fading coming to 2016. The results show the central aspects for BI from high-level to be: strategic aspects, data warehousing methods and BI-infrastructure. From more detail, the central aspects are noted to be strategic aspects, data warehousing, BI-design aspects, real-time functionalities, visualization features, decision support, collaborative support, reporting and cloud infrastructure. The major industries influencing BI-development and research is noted to be finance and banking, healthcare, supply chain, e-commerce, manufacturing and education. Today, most notable interest is noticed in Big Data. In future, Big Data, self-service, collaboration features, visualization, user aspects and mobility are predicted as some of the rising topics. BI is noted shifting more into non-profit organizations and extending the use-context. Major changes in the area are seen to be caused by IT-base innovation, while most changes in BI may be seen to be caused by services-innovation where new industries and methods are found to utilize BI-technology.
BI is noted as a very strategic entity, consisting of data warehousing methods, different decision support methods and technologies. In the future, BI-technology will be spread into more widespread use and the lessons learnt might be valuable for the predicted revolution caused by Big Data analytics and extended data collection and analysis.
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Alhindawi, Nouh. "Supporting source code comprehension during software evolution and maintenance." Thesis, Kent State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3618939.
Abstract:
This dissertation addresses the problems of program comprehension to support the evolution of large-scale software systems. The research concerns how software engineers locate features and concepts along with categorizing changes within very large bodies of source code along with their versioned histories. More specifically, advanced Information Retrieval (IR) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) are utilized and enhanced to support various software engineering tasks. This research is not aimed at directly improving IR or NLP approaches; rather it is aimed at understanding how additional information can be leveraged to improve the final results. The work advances the field by investigating approaches to augment and re-document source code with different types of abstract behavior information. The hypothesis is that enriching the source code corpus with meaningful descriptive information, and integrating this orthogonal information (semantic and structural) that is extracted from source code, will improve the results of the IR methods for indexing and querying information. Moreover, adding this new information to a corpus is a form of supervision. That is, apriori knowledge is often used to direct and supervise machine-learning and IR approaches.
The main contributions of this dissertation involve improving on the results of previous work in feature location and source code querying. The dissertation demonstrates that the addition of statically derived information from source code (e.g., method stereotypes) can improve the results of IR methods applied to the problem of feature location. Further contributions include showing the effects of eliminating certain textual information (comments and function calls) from being included when performing source code indexing for feature/concept location. Moreover, the dissertation demonstrates an IR-based method of natural language topic extraction that assists developers in gaining an overview of past maintenance activities based on software repository commits.
The ultimate goal of this work is to reduce the costs, effort, and time of software maintenance by improving the results of previous work in feature location and source code querying, and by supporting a new platform for enhancing program comprehension and facilitating software engineering research.
42
xu, rui. "WEBEVO: TAMING WEB APPLICATION EVOLUTION VIA SEMANTIC CHANGE DETECTION." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1595242401982817.
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Zhang, Zhewei. "THREE ESSAYS ON DIGITAL EVOLUTION." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/391804.
Abstract:
Business Administration/Management Information SystemsPh.D.
Digital products are rapidly shaping our world into a ubiquitous computing world. Because of its unique characteristics, digital artifacts are generative and highly evolving through the recombination of existing elements as well as by the invention of new elements. In this thesis, I first propose an evolutionary view to examine how digital artifacts can evolve over time based on the discussion of limitations of existing approaches. Then, inspired by contemporary evolutionary thinking and phylogenetics in biology, I develop a set of analytic approaches to classify different evolutionary patterns based on the evolutionary rate and evolutionary direction of the digital artifact. In three studies, I investigate digital evolution in specific contexts: web Mashup development, open source software development and digital design practice. I conclude my thesis by highlighting the contributions of my work, and summarizing current limitations and opportunities for future research.
Temple University--Theses
44
Delmestri, Antonella. "Data Driven Models for Language Evolution." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2011. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/473/1/PhD-Thesis_Uploaded.pdf.
Abstract:
Natural languages that originate from a common ancestor are genetically related, words are the core of any language and cognates are words sharing the same ancestor and etymology. Cognate identification, therefore, represents the foundation upon which the evolutionary history of languages may be discovered, while linguistic phylogenetic inference aims to estimate the genetic relationships that exist between them.
In this thesis, using several techniques originally developed for biological sequence analysis, we have designed a data driven orthographic learning system for measuring string similarity and we have successfully applied it to the tasks of cognate identification and phylogenetic inference.
Our system has outperformed the best comparable phonetic and orthographic cognate identification models previously reported in the literature, with results statistically significant and remarkably stable, regardless of the variation of the training dataset dimension. When applied to phylogenetic inference of the Indo-European language family, whose higher structure does not yet have consensus, our method has estimated phylogenies which are compatible with the benchmark tree and has reproduced correctly all the established major language groups and subgroups present in the dataset.
45
Sirbu, Adina Iulia. "Corrective Evolution of Adaptable Process Models." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2013. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/947/1/PhD_Thesis_Sirbu.pdf.
Abstract:
Modeling business processes is a complex and time-consuming task, which can be simplified by allowing process instances to be structurally adapted at runtime, based on context (e.g., by adding or deleting activities). The process model then no longer needs to include a handling procedure for every exception that can occur. Instead, it only needs to include the assumptions under which a successful execution is guaranteed. If a design-time assumption is violated, the exception handling procedure matching the context is selected at runtime. However, if runtime structural adaptation is allowed, the process model may later need to be updated based on the logs of adapted process instances. Evolving the process model is necessary if adapting at run-time is too costly, or if certain adaptations fail and should be avoided. An issue that is insufficiently addressed in the previous work on process evolution is how to evolve a process model and also ensure that the evolved process model continues to achieve the goal of the original model. We refer to the problem of evolving a process model based on selected instance adaptations, such that the evolved model satisfies the goal of the original model, as corrective evolution. Automated techniques for solving the corrective evolution problem are necessary for two reasons. First, the more complex a process model is, the more difficult it is to be changed manually. Second, there is a need to verify that the evolved model satisfies the original goal. To develop automated techniques, we first formalize the problem of corrective evolution. Since we use a graph-based representation of processes, a key element in our formal model is the notion of trace. When plugging an instance adaptation at a particular point in the process model, there can be multiple paths in the model for reaching this point. Each of these paths is uniquely identified by a trace, i.e., a recording of the activities executed up to that point. Depending on traces, an instance adaptation can be used to correct the process model in three different ways. A correction is strict if the adaptation should be plugged in on a precise trace, relaxed if on all traces, and relaxed with conditions if on a subset of all traces. The choice is driven by competing concerns: the evolved model should not introduce untested behavior, but it should also remain understandable.
Using our formal model, we develop automated techniques for solving the corrective evolution problem in two cases. The first case is also the most restrictive, when all corrections are strict. This case does not require verification, since the process model and adaptations are assumed to satisfy the goal, as long as the adaptations are applied on the corresponding traces. The second case is when corrections are either strict or relaxed. This second case requires verification, and for this reason we develop an automated technique based on planning. We implemented the two automated techniques as tools, which are integrated into a common toolkit. We used this toolkit to evaluate the tradeoffs between applying strict and relaxed corrections on a scenario built on a real event log.
46
Fuxin, Freddy. "Evolution and communication of geometry based product information within an extended enterprise /." Luleå, 2005. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2005/04.
47
Fuxin, Freddy. "Evolution and communication of geometry based product information within an extended enterprise." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-16965.
Abstract:
The importance of conducting efficient product development is growing steadily as traditional market boundaries diminish and are replaced by global market conditions. Digital product development builds on the foundation that digital mock-ups replace physical mock-ups, and this has the potential for strongly improving the efficiency of the product development process. This is a rather drastic change compared to the conventional way of conducting product development, and it cannot be implemented overnight. It requires the extended enterprise to rely on geometry based product models. Business excellence is therefore partially synonymous with managing these models and making them available, and relevant, to different activities throughout the product development process. This thesis deals with the establishment of two key expressions, Geometry Management Process and Geometry Based Product Information. The objective is to improve the utilisation of Geometry Based Product Information by supporting the product development process with adequate methods, tools and processes for managing this type of information. This objective is partly realised by the elimination of rework in the downstream activities of traditional design departments. There are numerous influencing factors and the research approach has been to collect these factors into four separate but correlating domains. The consistency in the approach stems from the fact that all research work is conducted with a geometrical perspective on all types of activity, requirement and process. The methodology is elaborated through participation and surveys of real cases in ongoing projects and activities when developing heavy-duty trucks.Godkänd; 2001; 20070313 (ysko)
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Pechenick, Eitan. "Exploring the Google Books Corpus: An Information-Theoretic Approach to Linguistic Evolution." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/525.
Abstract:
The Google Books corpus contains millions of books in a variety of languages. Due to this incredible volume and its free availability, it is a treasure trove that has inspired a plethora of linguistic research.
It is tempting to treat frequency trends from Google Books data sets as indicators for the true popularity of various words and phrases. Doing so allows us to draw novel conclusions about the evolution of public perception of a given topic. However, sampling published works by availability and ease of digitization leads to several important effects, which have typically been overlooked in previous studies. One of these is the ability of a single prolific author to noticeably insert new phrases into a language. A greater effect arises from scientific texts, which have become increasingly prolific in the last several decades and are heavily sampled in the corpus. The result is a surge of phrases typical to academic articles but less common in general, such as references to time in the form of citations. We highlight these dynamics by examining and comparing major contributions to the statistical divergence of English data sets between decades in the period 1800--2000. We find that only the English Fiction data set from the second version of the corpus is not heavily affected by professional texts, in clear contrast to the first version of the fiction data set and both unfiltered English data sets.
We critique a method used by authors of an earlier work to determine the birth and death rates of words in a given linguistic data set. While intriguing, the method in question appears to produce an artificial surge in the death rate at the end of the observed period of time. In order to avoid boundary effects in our own analysis of asymmetries in language dynamics, we observe the volume of word flux across various relative frequency thresholds (in both directions) for the second English Fiction data set. We then use the contributions of the words crossing these thresholds to the Jensen-Shannon divergence between consecutive decades to resolve major factors driving the flux.
Having established careful information-theoretic techniques to resolve important features in the evolution of the data set, we validate and refine our methods by analyzing the effects of major exogenous factors, specifically wars. This approach leads to a uniquely comprehensive set of methods for harnessing the Google Books corpus and exploring socio-cultural and linguistic evolution.
49
Lovelock, Peter. "The evolution of China's national information infrastructure (NII) : a policy-making analysis /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20715389.
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Zammit, Alessandra <1978>. "Time evolution of compromise effect: essays on the role of information availability." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/436/1/Tesi_Zammit.pdf.