Academic literature on the topic 'Evolutionary genetics'

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Journal articles on the topic "Evolutionary genetics"

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Slatkin, Montgomery. "Evolutionary genetics." Trends in Genetics 5 (1989): 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9525(89)90143-1.

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Futuyma, Douglas J. "Evolutionary genetics." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 4, no. 10 (October 1989): 314–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(89)90037-2.

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McGlothlin, Joel W., Erol Akçay, Edmund D. Brodie, Allen J. Moore, and Jeremy Van Cleve. "A Synthesis of Game Theory and Quantitative Genetic Models of Social Evolution." Journal of Heredity 113, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esab064.

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Abstract Two popular approaches for modeling social evolution, evolutionary game theory and quantitative genetics, ask complementary questions but are rarely integrated. Game theory focuses on evolutionary outcomes, with models solving for evolutionarily stable equilibria, whereas quantitative genetics provides insight into evolutionary processes, with models predicting short-term responses to selection. Here we draw parallels between evolutionary game theory and interacting phenotypes theory, which is a quantitative genetic framework for understanding social evolution. First, we show how any evolutionary game may be translated into two quantitative genetic selection gradients, nonsocial and social selection, which may be used to predict evolutionary change from a single round of the game. We show that synergistic fitness effects may alter predicted selection gradients, causing changes in magnitude and sign as the population mean evolves. Second, we show how evolutionary games involving plastic behavioral responses to partners can be modeled using indirect genetic effects, which describe how trait expression changes in response to genes in the social environment. We demonstrate that repeated social interactions in models of reciprocity generate indirect effects and conversely, that estimates of parameters from indirect genetic effect models may be used to predict the evolution of reciprocity. We argue that a pluralistic view incorporating both theoretical approaches will benefit empiricists and theorists studying social evolution. We advocate the measurement of social selection and indirect genetic effects in natural populations to test the predictions from game theory and, in turn, the use of game theory models to aid in the interpretation of quantitative genetic estimates.
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Penke, Lars, Jaap J. A. Denissen, and Geoffrey F. Miller. "The evolutionary genetics of personality." European Journal of Personality 21, no. 5 (August 2007): 549–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.629.

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Genetic influences on personality differences are ubiquitous, but their nature is not well understood. A theoretical framework might help, and can be provided by evolutionary genetics. We assess three evolutionary genetic mechanisms that could explain genetic variance in personality differences: selective neutrality, mutation‐selection balance, and balancing selection. Based on evolutionary genetic theory and empirical results from behaviour genetics and personality psychology, we conclude that selective neutrality is largely irrelevant, that mutation‐selection balance seems best at explaining genetic variance in intelligence, and that balancing selection by environmental heterogeneity seems best at explaining genetic variance in personality traits. We propose a general model of heritable personality differences that conceptualises intelligence as fitness components and personality traits as individual reaction norms of genotypes across environments, with different fitness consequences in different environmental niches. We also discuss the place of mental health in the model. This evolutionary genetic framework highlights the role of gene‐environment interactions in the study of personality, yields new insight into the person‐situation‐debate and the structure of personality, and has practical implications for both quantitative and molecular genetic studies of personality. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Paaby, Annalise, and Greg Gibson. "Cryptic Genetic Variation in Evolutionary Developmental Genetics." Biology 5, no. 2 (June 13, 2016): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology5020028.

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Mackay, Trudy F. C. "Evolutionary genetics quantified." Nature Genetics 42, no. 12 (November 24, 2010): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1210-1033.

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Bowman, John. "Human Evolutionary Genetics." Journal of Biological Education 49, no. 1 (March 31, 2014): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2014.882383.

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Wallace, Bruce. "Molecular Evolutionary Genetics." Journal of Heredity 79, no. 2 (March 1988): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110475.

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Houled, David. "Serious Evolutionary Genetics." BioScience 61, no. 5 (May 2011): 409–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.5.12.

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Rodrigo, A. G. "HIV evolutionary genetics." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96, no. 19 (September 14, 1999): 10559–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.19.10559.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Evolutionary genetics"

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Sikora, Martin. "Evolutionary genetics of malaria: genetic susceptibility and natural selection." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7220.

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Una de les forces selectives més fortes que han afectat a les poblacions humanes en la història més recent és el paràsit de la malària: Plasmodium falciparum, que és la causa de varis exemples d'adaptació induïda per patògens en els éssers humans. Una forma especial de malària és l'associada a l'embaràs, que es caracteritza per l'acumulació d'eritròcits infectats en la placenta, i que pot arribar a causar fins a 200.000 morts maternoinfantils cada any. L'objectiu d'aquest treball és descriure com aquesta forma peculiar de malària ha afectat la variació genètica humana. Amb aquesta finalitat, hem utilitzat mètodes tant de la genètica evolutiva com de l'epidemiologia molecular, resultant en la primera investigació a gran escala de la base genètica de la malària placentària. Els resultats ofereixen una nova visió sobre els gens que modulen el risc d'infecció, ,així com de la selecció natural actuant sobre les vies cel·lulars implicades en la patogènesi de la malaltia. Finalment, també aportem noves dades sobre l'estructura genètica de les poblacions sub-saharianes analitzades.
One of the strongest selective forces affecting human populations in recent history is the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, which is the cause of a variety of well-established examples of pathogen-induced adaptation in humans. A special form of malaria is pregnancy-associated malaria, which is characterised by the accumulation of infected erythrocytes in the placenta, and causes up to 200,000 maternal and infant deaths every year. The aim of this work is to characterise how this particular form of malaria has shaped human genetic variation. To that end we use methods of both evolutionary genetics and molecular epidemiology, reporting the first large-scale investigation of the genetic basis of placental infection. Our results provide new insights into genes modulating the risk of infection, as well as natural selection acting on cellular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Finally, we also provide new data on the genetic structure of affected populations in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Ashraf, M. "Evolutionary genetics of salt tolerance." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372678.

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Mackinnon, Margaret J. "Evolutionary genetics of malaria parasites." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15243.

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Two empirical studies on parasite virulence using the laboratory model of the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium chabaudi, in inbred mice, were conducted. In the first, the average virulence and transmissibility in eight parasite clones obtained from the wild were measured over four replicate experiments. Large amounts of genetic (between-clone) variation in virulence and transmissibility were observed. Virulence was strongly correlated, both phenotypically and genetically, to population growth rate (parasitaemia) and less strongly correlated to transmissibility. These results provide strong support for the basic tenet of most evolutionary models of parasite virulence, namely, that virulence is a by-product of the parasite's need to replicate fast in order to be transmitted. In the second study, between-host selection for high and low virulence was performed within two parasite clones. Over eleven generations, all the selection lines increased in virulence and transmissibility. Thus, despite artificial between-host selection, parasitic variation within clones coupled with inadvertent within-host selection, allowed the parasite to adapt to a novel host. Together, these studies show that virulence is strongly determined by parasite genetics. A large data set on disease severity from a 3-year longitudinal field study in Sri Lanka was analysed for the effects of host genetic variability, age, immune experience, parasite species (P. falciparum vs. P. vivax), bednet use, sex and other host or environmental factors. The results highlighted the importance of short-term acquired immunity in causing large between-host variation in virulence. This is consistent with the view that parasite variability is responsible for inefficient clinical immunity to malarial disease, although this could not be examined directly and alternative explanations are possible. Two theoretical models incorporating parasite population structure into population genetics were used to predict the probability and rate of evolution of multi-locus drug resistance. All of these studies suggest that parasite genetic variation plays a key role in the evolution of the malaria host-parasite association.
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Wright, Martin Charles. "Studies in evolutionary chemistry." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335825.

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Nielsen, Johanna Fonss. "Evolutionary genetics of meerkats (Suricata suricatta)." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7677.

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Cooperative species have long been the focus of much research due to the ‘special difficulty’ cooperation poses to the theory of evolution via natural selection. Despite this long history of scientific interest we actually know relatively little about the evolutionary genetics of cooperative mammalian species, especially in the wild. In this study I use long-term data from the Kalahari Meerkat Project to investigate some aspects of the evolutionary genetics of meerkats (Suricata suricatta). First, I reconstructed a genetically-validated pedigree of the Kalahari meerkat population. 1,494 meerkats (83% of the total known population) were genotyped at a panel of 18 highly variable microsatellite markers. This genetic data, in combination with phenotypic information and two different programs, COLONY2 and MASTERBAYES, was used to infer familial relationships. The resulting pedigree spanned seven generations and included 1,614 individuals of which 1,076 had both parents known. I conclude by discussing the particular merits of using COLONY2 to infer familial relationships for social animals such as meerkats. Second, I investigated the extent of inbreeding and inbreeding depression in early life traits in the Kalahari meerkat population. In the pedigree, 44% of individuals have non-zero (F>0) inbreeding coefficients. Although I found more inbreeding in meerkats than initially expected, there were few cases of inbreeding between very close relatives. Nonetheless, even low to moderate inbreeding appeared to result in inbreeding depression for pup mass at emergence, hind-foot length, growth until independence, and juvenile survival. I also found some tentative evidence for a positive effect of the social environment in ameliorating the effects of inbreeding depression. Third, I conducted a quantitative genetic analysis on mass, skull length, skull width, forearm length, and hind-foot length in up to five key meerkat life stage periods, while accounting for a number of fixed effects, including inbreeding coefficient. By attempting to apportion variance in these traits to a variety of sources I found that birth litter identity often explained much of the variance in morphological traits, although the magnitude of this effect appeared to decline with age. Furthermore, when birth litter was removed from models, the amount of variance explained by additive genetic effects tended to increase. Finally, I conducted a quantitative genetic analysis on two measures of cooperative care and on adult mass. Fixed effects, including inbreeding and relatedness coefficients, were also examined, which revealed that inbred individuals contribute more to pup-feeding, and that helper-recipient relatedness was negatively associated with baby-sitting. I found low heritable variation for baby-sitting (h2 = 0.10) and pup-feeding (h2 = 0.08), and higher heritable variation for adult body mass (h2 = 0.19). I also estimated the magnitude of non-genetic sources of variation in these traits and provide evidence for positive genetic correlations between baby-sitting and pup-feeding, and baby-sitting and adult mass.
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Reynolds, Louise. "Evolutionary genetics of adaptation in Lepidoptera." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3004573/.

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Revolutions in sequencing technology have provided an unprecedented opportunity to uncover the genetic basis of traits of adaptive importance, enabling researchers not only to merely describe the means of inheritance of traits but also to establish the genetic changes under selection. This thesis examines the loci involved in two recent episodes of strong selection, namely the suppression of Wolbachia-induced male-killing in the butterfly Hypolimnas bolina and the evolution of melanism in moths. H. bolina has evolved the ability to suppress the male-killing effects of the heritable endosymbiont Wolbachia. This thesis demonstrates firstly that this results from a single locus trait that doesn't involve genetic variants beyond chromosome 25. This simple genetic basis explains in part the speed of spread of the suppressor in natural populations. The hypothesis that the insect sex determination gene doublesex is the target of selection is then examined. Compatible with this hypothesis, doublesex variants were found to cosegregate with suppression, and that the peak of a selective sweep is located within doublesex region. An unusual pattern of inheritance was uncovered at the doublesex locus, suggestive of a duplication event. These data are consistent with, though not proof of, Wolbachia driving the evolution of this key sex determination gene. The progression of a selective sweep for the suppression, as it travelled in space across Independent Samoa, was then examined. The sweep across Independent Samoa corroborated the genomic region immediately around doublesex as the target of selection. The sweep was very broad but weakened as it progressed across Samoa. The thesis then examines the genetic basis of melanism in Lepidoptera, and compares the genomic region associated with a naturally selected melanistic form to a laboratory mutant. The 'natural' example corresponded to a known genomic hotspot for colour pattern evolution, whereas this region was excluded in the laboratory mutants. These data support the pleiotropic view of convergence - that involvement of a single region is associated with minimized non-target effects. The thesis ends with a discussion of these data and a programme for future research in the area.
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Robertson, Michael Paul. "Engineered regulation of an RNA ligase ribozyme." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3035968.

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Loh, Yong-Hwee Eddie. "Genetic variation in fast-evolving East African cichlid fishes: an evolutionary perspective." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41148.

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Cichlid fishes from the East African Rift lakes Victoria, Tanganyika and Malawi represent a preeminent example of replicated and rapid evolutionary radiation. In this single natural system, numerous morphological (eg. jaw and tooth shape, color patterns, visual sensitivity), behavioral (eg. bower-building) and physiological (eg. development, neural patterning) phenotypes have emerged, much akin to a mutagenic screen. This dissertation encompasses three studies that seek to decipher the underpinnings of such rapid evolutionary diversification, investigated via the genetic variation in East African cichlids. We generated a valuable cichlid genomic resource of five low-coverage Lake Malawi cichlid genomes, from which the general properties of the genome were characterized. Nucleotide diversity of Malawi cichlids was low at 0.26%, and a sample genotyping study found that biallelic polymorphisms segregate widely throughout the Malawi species flock, making each species a mosaic of ancestrally polymorphic genomes. A second genotyping study expanded our evolutionary analysis to cover the entire East African cichlid radiation, where we found that more than 40% of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were ancestral polymorphisms shared across multiple lakes. Bayesian analysis of genetic structure in the data supported the hypothesis that riverine species had contributed significantly to the genomes of Malawi cichlids and that Lake Malawi cichlids are not monophyletic. Both genotyping studies also identified interesting loci involved in important sensory as well as developmental pathways that were well differentiated between species and lineages. We also investigated cichlid genetic variation in relation to the evolution of microRNA regulation, and found that divergent selection on miRNA target sites may have led to differential gene expression, which contributed to the diversification of cichlid species. Overall, the patterns of cichlid genetic variation seem to be dominated by the phenomena of extensive sharing of ancestral polymorphisms. We thus believe that standing genetic variation in the form of ancestrally inherited polymorphisms, as opposed to variations arising from new mutations, provides much of the genetic diversity on which selection acts, allowing for the rapid and repeated adaptive radiation of East African cichlids.
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Emerson, Kevin James. "Evolutionary and physiological genetics of biological timing /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10286.

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Shackelton, Laura A. "The evolutionary genetics of small DNA viruses." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432409.

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Books on the topic "Evolutionary genetics"

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Evolutionary genetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.

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Roff, Derek A. Evolutionary Quantitative Genetics. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4080-9.

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MacIntyre, Ross J., ed. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4988-4.

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Nei, Masatoshi. Molecular evolutionary genetics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1987.

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Höglund, Jacob. Evolutionary conservation genetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

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Höglund, Jacob. Evolutionary conservation genetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

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Evolutionary conservation genetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

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J, MacIntyre Ross, ed. Molecular evolutionary genetics. New York: Plenum Press, 1985.

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Deborah, Charlesworth, ed. Elements of evolutionary genetics. Greenwood Village, Colo: Roberts, 2011.

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W, Fox Charles, and Wolf Jason B, eds. Evolutionary genetics: Concepts and case studies. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Evolutionary genetics"

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Dua, Ankita, and Aeshna Nigam. "Evolutionary Genetics." In Genetics Fundamentals Notes, 1105–55. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7041-1_22.

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Bush, Guy L. "Evolutionary Behavior Genetics." In Evolutionary Genetics of Invertebrate Behavior, 1–5. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3487-1_1.

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Walsh, B. "Evolutionary Quantitative Genetics." In Handbook of Statistical Genetics, 533–86. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470061619.ch17.

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Bard, Jonathan. "Evolutionary Population Genetics." In Evolution, 301–18. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429346217-25.

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Wu, Chung-I. "Genetics of Species Differentiation." In Evolutionary Biology, 239–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4135-6_13.

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Ryan, Michael. "Evolutionary Models." In The Genetics of Political Behavior, 6–20. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003099710-2.

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Montano, V., A. Eriksson, A. Manica, and Y. Moodley. "Current Approaches in Spatial Genetics." In Evolutionary Biology: Exobiology and Evolutionary Mechanisms, 217–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38212-3_14.

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Li, Wen-Hsiung, Chi-Cheng Luo, and Chung-I. Wu. "Evolution of DNA Sequences." In Molecular Evolutionary Genetics, 1–94. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4988-4_1.

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Brown, Wesley M. "The Mitochondrial Genome of Animals." In Molecular Evolutionary Genetics, 95–130. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4988-4_2.

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Palmer, Jeffrey D. "Evolution of Chloroplast and Mitochondrial DNA in Plants and Algae." In Molecular Evolutionary Genetics, 131–240. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4988-4_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Evolutionary genetics"

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"Gene expression stability at high evolutionary distances." In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-100.

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Provorov, N. A., A. K. Kimeklis, E. R. Chirak, O. P. Onishchuk, O. N. Kurchak, and E. E. Andronov. "Microsymbionts of plants as the models of evolutionary genetics." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.200.

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Nodule bacteria are presented as models for developing the major problems of evolutionary genetics – analysis of the trade-off between macro- and microevolution, progressive and adaptive evolution, individual and cooperative adaptations.
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Bacardit, Jaume. "Session details: Track 11: genetics-based machine learning." In GECCO09: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3257505.

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Bacardit, Jaume. "Session details: Track 11: genetics-based machine learning." In GECCO09: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3257490.

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"Evolutionary complexification of plant information structure under influence of permanent data flow." In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-138.

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"Session details: Learning classifier systems and other genetics-based machine learning." In GECCO05: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3249419.

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"Session details: Learning classifier systems and other genetics-based machine learning." In GECCO05: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3249418.

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Bernadó-Mansilla, Ester, and Will Neil Browne. "Session details: Genetics based machine learning track posters." In GECCO '11: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3249170.

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Bernadó-Mansilla, Ester, and Will Neil Browne. "Session details: Genetics based machine learning track papers." In GECCO '11: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3244800.

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"Session details: Learning Classifier systems and other genetics-based machine learning: papers." In GECCO06: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3249660.

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Reports on the topic "Evolutionary genetics"

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Kistler, Harold Corby, and Talma Katan. Identification of DNA Unique to the Tomato Fusarium Wilt and Crown Rot Pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7571359.bard.

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Wilt and crown rot are two important diseases of tomato caused by different strains ("formae speciales") of the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum. While both pathogens are members of the same fungal species, each differs genetically and resistance to the diseases is controlled by different genes in the plant. Additionally, the formae speciales differ in their ecology (e.g. optimal temperature of disease development) and epidemiology. Nevertheless, the distinction between these diseases based on symptoms alone may be unclear due to overlapping symptomatology. We have found in our research that the ambiguity of the pathogens is further confounded because strains causing tomato wilt or crown rot each may belong to several genetically and phylogenetically distinct lineages of F. oxysporum. Furthermore, individual lineages of the pathogen causing wilt or crown rot may themselves be very closely related. The diseases share the characteristic that the pathogen's inoculum may be aerially dispersed. This work has revealed a complex evolutionary relationship among lineages of the pathogens that makes development of molecular diagnostic methods more difficult than originally anticipated. However, the degree of diversity found in these soil-borne pathogens has allowed study of their population genetics and patterns of dispersal in agricultural settings.
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Комарова, Олена Володимирівна, and Альберт Армаїсович Азарян. Computer Simulation of Biological Processes at the High School. CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2695.

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Abstract. Research goals: the necessity of study in high school of the law of Hardy – Weinberg as one of the fundamental genetic laws was justified. The peculiarities of using the method of model experiment in the study of the genetic and evolutionary processes in populations with the use of computer technology. Object of research: computer simulation of population genetic structure. Subject of research: computer simulation of genetic and evolutionary processes in ideal and real populations. Research methods: pedagogical experiment (survey), analysis of scientific publications on the use of the high school method of modelling genetic and evolutionary processes in populations, computer simulation. Results of the research: a web page for processing by the pupils of the modelling results of genetic and evolutionary processes in populations was created.
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Комарова, Олена Володимирівна, and Альберт Арамаїсович Азарян. Computer Simulation of Biological Processes at the High School. CEUR-WS.org, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2656.

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Research goals: the necessity of study in high school of the law of Hardy – Weinberg as one of the fundamental genetic laws was justified. The peculiarities of using the method of model experiment in the study of the genetic and evolutionary processes in populations with the use of computer technology. Object of research: computer simulation of population genetic structure. Subject of research: computer simulation of genetic and evolutionary processes in ideal and real populations. Research methods: pedagogical experiment (survey), analysis of scientific publications on the use of the high school method of modelling genetic and evolutionary processes in populations, computer simulation. Results of the research: a web page for processing by the pupils of the modelling results of genetic and evolutionary processes in populations was created.
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Foster, James A., and Erick Cantu-Paz. The 2003 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada419567.

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Burke-Agueero, D. H. Molecular genetic and molecular evolutionary studies on the bacteriochlorophyll synthesis genes of Rhodobacter capsulatus. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7160091.

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Burke-Agueero, Donald H. Molecular genetic and molecular evolutionary studies on the bacteriochlorophyll synthesis genes of Rhodobacter capsulatus. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10177345.

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Taub, Daniel, and Joshua Page. Cystic Fibrosis: Exploration of Evolutionary Explanations for the High Frequency of a Common Genetic Disorder. Genetics Society of America Peer-Reviewed Education Portal (GSA PREP), October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/gsaprep.2013.004.

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Chamovitz, Daniel A., and Zhenbiao Yang. Chemical Genetics of the COP9 Signalosome: Identification of Novel Regulators of Plant Development. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7699844.bard.

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Abstract:
This was an exploratory one-year study to identify chemical regulators of the COP9 signalosome. Chemical Genetics uses small molecules to modify or disrupt the function of specific genes/proteins. This is in contrast to classical genetics, in which mutations disrupt the function of genes. The underlying concept is that the functions of most proteins can be altered by the binding of a chemical, which can be found by screening large libraries for compounds that specifically affect a biological, molecular or biochemical process. In addition to screens for chemicals which inhibit specific biological processes, chemical genetics can also be employed to find inhibitors of specific protein-protein interactions. Small molecules altering protein-protein interactions are valuable tools in probing protein-protein interactions. In this project, we aimed to identify chemicals that disrupt the COP9 signalosome. The CSN is an evolutionarily conserved eight-subunit protein complex whose most studied role is regulation of E3 ubiquitinligase activity. Mutants in subunits of the CSN undergo photomorphogenesis in darkness and accumulate high levels of pigments in both dark- and light-grown seedlings, and are defective in a wide range of important developmental and environmental-response pathways. Our working hypothesis was that specific molecules will interact with the CSN7 protein such that binding to its various interacting proteins will be inhibited. Such a molecule would inhibit either CSN assembly, or binding of CSN-interacting proteins, and thus specifically inhibit CSN function. We used an advanced chemical genetic screen for small-molecule-inhibitors of CSN7 protein-protein interactions. In our pilot study, following the screening of ~1200 unique compounds, we isolated four chemicals which reproducibly interfere with CSN7 binding to either CSN8 or CSN6.
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Rafaeli, Ada, and Russell Jurenka. Molecular Characterization of PBAN G-protein Coupled Receptors in Moth Pest Species: Design of Antagonists. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593390.bard.

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The proposed research was directed at determining the activation/binding domains and gene regulation of the PBAN-R’s thereby providing information for the design and screening of potential PBAN-R-blockers and to indicate possible ways of preventing the process from proceeding to its completion. Our specific aims included: (1) The identification of the PBAN-R binding domain by a combination of: (a) in silico modeling studies for identifying specific amino-acid side chains that are likely to be involved in binding PBAN with the receptor and; (b) bioassays to verify the modeling studies using mutant receptors, cell lines and pheromone glands (at tissue and organism levels) against selected, designed compounds to confirm if compounds are agonists or antagonists. (2) The elucidation ofthemolecular regulationmechanisms of PBAN-R by:(a) age-dependence of gene expression; (b) the effect of hormones and; (c) PBAN-R characterization in male hair-pencil complexes. Background to the topic Insects have several closely related G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belonging to the pyrokinin/PBAN family, one with the ligand pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide or pyrokinin-2 and another with diapause hormone or pyrokinin-1 as a ligand. We were unable to identify the diapause hormone receptor from Helicoverpa zea despite considerable effort. A third, related receptor is activated by a product of the capa gene, periviscerokinins. The pyrokinin/PBAN family of GPCRs and their ligands has been identified in various insects, such as Drosophila, several moth species, mosquitoes, Triboliumcastaneum, Apis mellifera, Nasoniavitripennis, and Acyrthosiphon pisum. Physiological functions of pyrokinin peptides include muscle contraction, whereas PBAN regulates pheromone production in moths plus other functions indicating the pleiotropic nature of these ligands. Based on the alignment of annotated genomic sequences, the primary and secondary structures of the pyrokinin/PBAN family of receptors have similarity with the corresponding structures of the capa or periviscerokinin receptors of insects and the neuromedin U receptors found in vertebrates. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements Evolutionary trace analysisof receptor extracellular domains exhibited several class-specific amino acid residues, which could indicate putative domains for activation of these receptors by ligand recognition and binding. Through site-directed point mutations, the 3rd extracellular domain of PBAN-R was shown to be critical for ligand selection. We identified three receptors that belong to the PBAN family of GPCRs and a partial sequence for the periviscerokinin receptor from the European corn borer, Ostrinianubilalis. Functional expression studies confirmed that only the C-variant of the PBAN-R is active. We identified a non-peptide agonist that will activate the PBAN-receptor from H. zea. We determined that there is transcriptional control of the PBAN-R in two moth species during the development of the pupa to adult, and we demonstrated that this transcriptional regulation is independent of juvenile hormone biosynthesis. This transcriptional control also occurs in male hair-pencil gland complexes of both moth species indicating a regulatory role for PBAN in males. Ultimate confirmation for PBAN's function in the male tissue was revealed through knockdown of the PBAN-R using RNAi-mediated gene-silencing. Implications, both scientific and agricultural The identification of a non-peptide agonist can be exploited in the future for the design of additional compounds that will activate the receptor and to elucidate the binding properties of this receptor. The increase in expression levels of the PBAN-R transcript was delineated to occur at a critical period of 5 hours post-eclosion and its regulation can now be studied. The mysterious role of PBAN in the males was elucidated by using a combination of physiological, biochemical and molecular genetics techniques.
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Li, Li, Joseph Burger, Nurit Katzir, Yaakov Tadmor, Ari Schaffer, and Zhangjun Fei. Characterization of the Or regulatory network in melon for carotenoid biofortification in food crops. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7594408.bard.

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The general goals of the BARD research grant US-4423-11 are to understand how Or regulates carotenoid accumulation and to reveal novel strategies for breeding agricultural crops with enhanced β-carotene level. The original objectives are: 1) to identify the genes and proteins in the Or regulatory network in melon; 2) to genetically and molecularly characterize the candidate genes; and 3) to define genetic and functional allelic variation of these genes in a representative germplasm collection of the C. melo species. Or was found by the US group to causes provitamin A accumulation in chromoplasts in cauliflower. Preliminary genetic study from the Israeli group revealed that the melon Or gene (CmOr) completely co-segregated with fruit flesh color in a segregating mapping population and in a wide melon germplasm collection, which set the stage for the funded research. Major conclusions and achievements include: 1). CmOris proved to be the gene that controls melon fruit flesh color and represents the previously described gflocus in melon. 2). Genetic and molecular analyses of CmOridentify and confirm a single SNP that is responsible for the orange and non-orange phenotypes in melon fruit. 3). Alteration of the evolutionarily conserved arginine in an OR protein to both histidine or alanine greatly enhances its ability to promote carotenoid accumulation. 4). OR promotes massive carotenoid accumulation due to its dual functions in regulating both chromoplast biogenesis and carotenoid biosynthesis. 5). A bulk segregant transcriptome (BSRseq) analysis identifies a list of genes associated with the CmOrregulatory network. 6). BSRseq is proved to be an effective approach for gene discovery. 7). Screening of an EMS mutation library identifies a low β mutant, which contains low level of carotenoids due to a mutation in CmOrto produce a truncated form of OR protein. 8). low β exhibits lower germination rate and slow growth under salt stress condition. 9). Postharvest storage of fruit enhances carotenoid accumulation, which is associated with chromoplast development. Our research uncovers the molecular mechanisms underlying the Or-regulated high level of carotenoid accumulation via regulating carotenoidbiosynthetic capacity and storage sink strength. The findings provide mechanistic insights into how carotenoid accumulation is controlled in plants. Our research also provides general and reliable molecular markers for melon-breeding programs to select orange varieties, and offers effective genetic tools for pro-vitamin A enrichment in other important crops via the rapidly developed genome editing technology. The newly discovered low β mutant could lead to a better understanding of the Or gene function and its association with stress response, which may explain the high conservation of the Or gene among various plant species.
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