Academic literature on the topic 'Evolution post-introduction'
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Journal articles on the topic "Evolution post-introduction"
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Boot, Arnoud, and Anjan Thakor. "Post-crisis evolution of banking and financial markets: Introduction." Journal of Financial Intermediation 39 (July 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfi.2018.06.006.
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Szűcs, Marianna, Urs Schaffner, William J. Price, and Mark Schwarzländer. "Post‐introduction evolution in the biological control agent Longitarsus jacobaeae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." Evolutionary Applications 5, no. 8 (May 3, 2012): 858–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-4571.2012.00264.x.
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Guo, Wen-Yong, Carla Lambertini, Loc Xuan Nguyen, Xiu-Zhen Li, and Hans Brix. "Preadaptation and post-introduction evolution facilitate the invasion ofPhragmites australisin North America." Ecology and Evolution 4, no. 24 (November 25, 2014): 4567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1286.
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Wu, Longfei, Arno J. F. van Hoof, Nelson Y. Dzade, Lu Gao, Marie-Ingrid Richard, Heiner Friedrich, Nora H. De Leeuw, Emiel J. M. Hensen, and Jan P. Hofmann. "Enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of 2H-WS2 for hydrogen evolution via defect engineering." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 11 (2019): 6071–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp00722a.
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Frolov, D. P. "Post-institutionalism: Beyond the institutional mainstream." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 5 (May 13, 2020): 107–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2020-5-107-140.
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The article discusses the internal dualism of modern institutional economics, manifested in division of orthodox or mainstream institutionalism (its axiomatics and dogmatics are represented by the Standard Model) and its opposition post-institutionalism. An agenda for promising post-institutional studies is proposed, covering a wide range of discussion issues beyond the Standard Model — from the transition to integrative interpretations of institutions to the introduction of the Evo-Devo-paradigm of analysis of institutional evolution. A reorientation of the transactional analysis from minimizing transaction costs to maximizing the transaction value generated by institutions is proposed. The normocentric paradigm of institutional theory is discussed, considering any forms and trajectories of institutional evolution outside of the evaluation criteria, abandoning the tradition of negative labeling of institutional anomalies. The article demonstrates that in the focus of post-institutionalism there is institutional complexity, which can only be comprehended by overcoming reductionist methodological approaches of the institutional mainstream.
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Stutz, Sonja, Patrik Mráz, Hariet L. Hinz, Heinz Müller-Schärer, and Urs Schaffner. "Biological invasion of oxeye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare) in North America: Pre-adaptation, post-introduction evolution, or both?" PLOS ONE 13, no. 1 (January 4, 2018): e0190705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190705.
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Liao, Zhi-Yong, J. F. Scheepens, Qiao-Ming Li, Wei-Bin Wang, Yu-Long Feng, and Yu-Long Zheng. "Founder effects, post-introduction evolution and phenotypic plasticity contribute to invasion success of a genetically impoverished invader." Oecologia 192, no. 1 (December 2, 2019): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04566-y.
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Milone, Jorge H., Juan J. Napal, Javier A. Bordone, Virginia Prates, Cecilia Garcia, Victor H. Morales, and Orlando J. Etchegoyen. "Second Neoplasm after Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT)." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 5404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.5404.5404.
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Abstract Introduction: the second neoplasm, are pathologies described during the post transplant evolution, often associated to immunosuppression. The post transplant lymphoproliferative syndromes, habitually associated to viruses are the most frequent. The BMT is a procedure clearly different from the rest of the transplants, and this difference would also be observed on the incidence and type of tumor in its evolution. The incidence of second malignancies after BMT is low, and is related to the use of chemotherapy, particulary alkylating. agents radiotheraphy and immunosuppression. Objective: To analyze the incidence and characteristics of second neoplasm of the patients undergoing BMT in our Institute. Results: Between 06/93 and 04/05 over a total of 416 transplants, 132 Allogenic and 284 Autologous, 6 cases of second tumor in variable intervals post procedure were stated. Table 1. The data reflects an incidence of second neoplasias of 1,4% (6/416). None of then received radiotherapy in conditioning. No lymphoproliferative syndrome was observed; 2 cases of acute leukemias; being the rest solid tumors with expected evolutions for each pathology. Table 1 Case Disease Conditioning BMT 2nd Tumor Time betwen BMT-Tumor Evolution 1 MM L-PAM AUTO Lung Cancer 120 months Dead 2 CML BuCy ALLO Colon Cancer 72 months Dead 3 MDS BuCy ALLO Merckel cells tumor 60 months Dead 4 NHL CBV AUTO AML 65 months Dead 5 NHL CBV AUTO Bladder Cancer 58 months Alive 26 months 6 NHL CBV AUTO AML 4 months Dead
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Evans, Brogan G. A., and David L. Colen. "The evolution of lower extremity reconstruction." Plastic and Aesthetic Research 9 (2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2347-9264.2021.134.
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Reconstruction of the lower extremity is a complex task that has evolved greatly in both technique and indication over the past century. Early advances in treating traumatic lower extremity injuries focused on primary amputation to avoid the high mortality of infection. The introduction of antibiotics improved surgical debridement and local reconstructive options, enhancing the viability of lower extremities with simple and proximal defects. With the advent of microvascular surgery, free tissue transfer techniques provided a means to reconstruct more distal and complex problems. As these surgical techniques have continued to evolve, so too have indications for reconstruction, patient management and post-operative care-now with a greater emphasis on patient quality of life and limb function. The purpose of this article is to outline the evolution of lower extremity reconstruction, and how the standard of practice has changed over time.
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Pozachenyuk, Katerina, and Irina Yakovenko. "Vine landscapes in Crimea: evolution, problems, prospects." Miscellanea Geographica 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2018-0012.
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Abstract The conditions and factors of development of the vine landscapes in Crimea and their evolution are considered for the ancient, medieval, imperial, Soviet (first and second halves of the 20th century), and post-Soviet periods. The characteristics of the vineyard landscape zones (South Coast, Foothills and Steppe) are presented. Having reached their maximum areas in the period 1955-1970, the area of the vineyards in Crimea decreased steadily until 2017. The main causes of degradation were the spread of phylloxera, the campaign against alcoholism in 1985, the deterioration of sales after the collapse of the USSR, and the ineffective system of cultivation technology. The current ways of reviving grape landscapes – the introduction of innovative methods of farming, greening and cluster forms of viticulture and winemaking – are addressed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Evolution post-introduction"
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Lombaert, Eric. "Biologie évolutive d'une espèce envahissante, la coccinelle asiatique Harmonia axyridis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20248.
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Les invasions biologiques constituent aujourd'hui une source d'inquiétude du fait de leur nette augmentation et des conséquences écologiques, économiques et sanitaires dont elles sont à l'origine. Pour qu'une population devienne envahissante, il faut (i) qu'elle soit introduite, (ii) qu'elle s'établisse et (iii) qu'elle prolifère. Chacune de ces trois étapes constitue un défi difficile à relever, et les processus en jeu sont encore mal connus. Cette thèse décrit un ensemble de recherches visant à comprendre l'invasion mondiale particulièrement réussie de la coccinelle asiatique Harmonia axyridis. Nous avons dans un premier temps étudié l'étape d'introduction en retraçant les routes d'invasion d'H. axyridis à l'aide de marqueurs microsatellites et de la méthode ABC (Approximate Bayesian Computation). Nous avons montré que la population envahissante la plus ancienne dans le nord-est américain avait été la tête de pont de l'invasion mondiale en devenant la source des foyers européen, sud-américain et africain. En Europe, on constate également une hybridation avec une souche de lutte biologique. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons exploré l'étape d'établissement de l'espèce. Nous avons montré que les populations envahissantes d'H. axyridis avaient subi une purge génétique réduisant considérablement les effets associés à la dépression de consanguinité. Par ailleurs, l'événement d'hybridation en Europe apporte des avantages phénotypiques probables à cette population envahissante. Nous avons ensuite étudié plusieurs aspects de l'étape de prolifération. Nous avons montré que les populations européennes avaient évolué vers de plus fortes capacités de dispersion sur le front d'invasion. Par ailleurs, nos résultats montrent que la commercialisation en France d'une souche non-volante de lutte biologique a pu avoir des conséquences positives sur l'expansion de la population envahissante par des phénomènes d'hétérosis ou d'augmentation de variance génétique. Enfin, nous discutons de l'importance d'étudier de manière approfondie une espèce modèle telle qu'H. axyridis pour améliorer nos connaissances générales sur les mécanismes éco-évolutifs impliqués lors des invasions biologiquesBiological invasions are a concern because of their increase and their environmental, economic and human health consequences. To become invasive, a population must (i) be introduced, (ii) established itself and (iii) proliferates. Each of these three steps constitutes a challenge, and the processes involved are still poorly understood. This thesis describes a set of research actions which aims at understanding the worldwide successful invasion of the Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis.We first investigated the introduction step by retracing invasion routes of H. axyridis using microsatellite markers and the ABC (Approximate Bayesian Computation) method. We have shown that the oldest invasive population in the eastern North America acted as a bridgehead of the worldwide invasion by becoming the source of the European, the South American and the African outbreaks. We also found evidence for a genetic admixture event in Europe with a biological control strain.Second, we explored the establishment step. We have shown that invasive populations of H. axyridis endured a genetic purge which significantly reduced adverse effects associated with inbreeding depression. In addition, the admixture event in Europe likely brought phenotypic benefits to this invasive population.We then studied several aspects of the proliferation step. We found that European populations had evolved towards higher dispersal abilities on the invasion front. Moreover, our results show that the use of a flightless biocontrol strain which is still sold in France may have a positive impact on the expansion of the invasive population through heterosis or increased of genetic variance.Finally, we discuss the importance of studying in detail a model species such as H. axyridis to improve our general understanding of the eco-evolutionary mechanisms involved in biological invasions
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Bone, Elizabeth. "Post-introduction evolution in invasive Bromus tectorum." 2007. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3254960.
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Evidence for rapid evolutionary change in plants in response to changing environmental conditions is widespread in the literature. The first objective of this research was to estimate rates of evolution for previously published studies to begin a foundation for comparison and to examine trends and rates of microevolution in plants and to demonstrate how estimated rates could be used to address specific microevolutionary questions. The remainder of the research in this paper focused on invasion as a stimulus for microevolution using a major invasive grass, Bromus tectorum . Identification of pairs of European, source and North American, introduced population pairs of B. tectorum provided an ideal opportunity to test for post-introduction increase in invasiveness because parallel change involving multiple introduction events suggests a non-random process. This research tested to see if B. tectorum evolved to be more invasive by becoming larger and more fecund, more competitive, and more phenotypically plastic in its invasive range than its source range. All B. tectorum experiments were done in common garden or greenhouse settings to control environmental differences, and comparisons were made between morphological characteristics of introduced and source B. tectorum populations. The experiments showed that introduced B. tectorum was taller and had higher reproductive output than source B. tectorum, but the populations did not differ in aboveground biomass. Contrary to predictions, North American B. tectorum had less competitive effect than European B. tectorum on one of the native bunchgrasses, with no other differences in competitive ability. All of the B. tectorum populations show plasticity for the traits measured in this study, however there was no strong trend to suggest that there has been a change in the level of plasticity in introduced populations. Overall, these results suggest that B. tectorum may have evolved to be more ruderal to capitalize on characteristics that increase its ability to spread in its new environment while not focusing as many resources on competitive ability. As for plasticity, it is likely that the same strategy of phenotypic plasticity from its native range could be a key to the success of B. tectorum in its invaded range with similar levels of selection for plasticity in both ranges.
Books on the topic "Evolution post-introduction"
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An introduction to post-communist Bulgaria: Political, economic, and social transformations. Manchester [UK]: Manchester University Press, 2002.
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Wood, Bernard. Human Evolution: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198831747.001.0001.
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Human Evolution: A Very Short Introduction traces the history of palaeoanthropology from its beginnings in the 18th century to the very latest fossil finds. In this new edition it discusses how ancient DNA studies have revolutionized how we view the recent (post-550,000 years ago) human evolution, and the process of speciation. The combination of ancient and modern human DNA has contributed to discoveries of new taxa, as well as the suggestion of ‘ghost’ taxa whose fossil records still remain to be discovered. Considering the contributions of related sciences such as palaeoclimatology, geochronology, systematics, genetics, and developmental biology, this VSI explores our latest understandings of our own evolution.
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Lambert, Erin. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190661649.003.0001.
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The introduction explores the ways in which the meaning of “belief” was altered in the course of the Reformation, beginning with the implicit faithfulness that was the mark of the medieval Christian and arriving at the post-Reformation understanding of belief as a body of teachings that one professed. It also examines the state of historians’ understandings of belief in the sixteenth century, arguing that the historiographical evolution from confessional histories to confessionalization has paradoxically pushed belief to the margins of our conception of the Reformation. Finally, the introduction suggests that the themes of bodily resurrection and devotional song, which were implicitly linked to one another in medieval Christianity in the chanting of the Creed, can together reveal the full complexity of sixteenth-century belief.
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Dinan, Desmond. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780199570829.003.0001.
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This edition examines the origins and evolution of the European Union and the development of European integration from the immediate post-World War II period, when politicians and the public seemed willing to share national sovereignty for the sake of greater security, to the shock of the eurozone crisis nearly seventy years later, when the EU lacked public and political support. Far from existing in isolation, the volume shows that the European Community and, later, the EU was inextricably linked with broader regional and international developments throughout that time. It features contributions from leading scholars of the EU, who discuss a wide range of issues including the common agricultural policy (CAP), the single market programme, the economic and monetary union (EMU), and EU enlargement.
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Alonso, Paul. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636500.003.0001.
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Chapter 1 introduces contemporary satiric TV shows as new forms of negotiated dissent that respond, at the national and global level, to the relation between power and media, the evolution of media spectacle and infotainment as a primary form of political communication, and the connection between national traumas, social tensions, and popular culture. After formulating the structural research questions, this chapter presents the theoretical and academic context of satire in Latin America and the United States, and describes the satiric cases to be analyzed throughout the book. It places the phenomenon of satiric TV as sociopolitical communication within the following intellectual debates and lines of work in media studies and popular culture: 1) media spectacle and global infotainment; 2) celebrity culture and identity; 3) tabloidization, hybridity, and discursive integration in the post-network era; and 4) satire, carnival, and critical metatainment. It finally presents the structure of the book.
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Ayyar, R. V. Vaidyanatha. The Early Years of Republic. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199474943.003.0001.
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The chapter is a prologue to the main narrative of the book. It offers an evaluation of Macaulay’s minute which paved the way for introduction of modern education in India, the idea of National System Of Education which dominated Indian thinking on education for over sixty years from the Partition of Bengal (1905) to the Kothari Commission (1964), and the division of responsibility between the Central and Provincial Governments for educational development during British Raj. It offers a succinct account of the key recommendations of the landmark Sarjent Committee on Post-War Educational Development, the Radhakrishnan Commission on University Development, and the Mudaliar Commission on Secondary Education, of the drafting history of the provisions relating to education in the Constitution, the spectacular expansion of access after Independence, the evolution of regulatory policies and institutions like the University Grants Commission (UGC), and of the delicate compromise over language policy.
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Touchon, Justin C. Applied Statistics with R. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198869979.001.0001.
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Whether at the undergraduate, graduate, or post-graduate level, Applied Statistics with R: A Practical Guide for the Life Sciences teaches readers to properly analyze data in an efficient, accessible, plainspoken, frank, and occasionally humorous manner. Readers will come away with the knowledge of which analyses they should use and when they should use them, an important skill in an age when the statistical analyses used in the life-sciences are becoming increasingly advanced. This book uses the statistical language R, which is the choice of ecologists worldwide and is rapidly becoming the ‘go-to’ stats program throughout the life-sciences. Written around a single real-world dataset, Applied Statistics with R which encourages readers to become deeply familiar with an imperfect but realistic set of data, much like they themselves might collect. Early chapters are designed to teach basic data manipulation skills and build good habits in preparation for learning more advanced analyses. This approach also demonstrates the importance of viewing data through different lenses, facilitating an easy and natural progression from linear and generalized linear models through to mixed effects versions of those same analyses. Readers will also learn advanced plotting and data-wrangling techniques, and gain an introduction to writing their own functions. Applied Statistics with R is suitable for senior undergraduate and graduate students, professional researchers, and practitioners throughout the life-sciences, whether in the fields of ecology, evolution, environmental studies, or computational biology.
Book chapters on the topic "Evolution post-introduction"
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"Introduction: The Evolution of Post–Cold War." In Restraint, 1–23. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9780801470875-004.
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Ng, Jenna. "Introduction." In The Post-Screen Through Virtual Reality, Holograms and Light Projections. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463723541_intro.
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This Introduction presents the context for the book’s argument of the post-screen, namely, an argument for a state of critical attention to the delimitations of screen media and the ensuing problematizations of relations between image and object; an intensifying evolution of the virtual and its role in defining media consumers and their realities; and an era of screen media marked by the disappearances of boundaries of differentiation between subject and object; and a point in media history. The central query of the post-screen lies in the growing imperceptibility and instability of screen boundaries. Where these thresholds begin to disappear is also where the need arises to re-question the definitional states of the actual and the virtual, and the renewed contestations for dominance between them.
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Geraci, Robert M. "Introduction." In Futures of Artificial Intelligence, 1–17. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9788194831679.003.0001.
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The introduction describes the rising significance of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and the importance of understanding the role of religion in our visions of those technologies. Governments, policy advisors, and corporate boards all work on regulatory and ethical structures, and these are deeply impacted by transhumanist perspectives that favour the development of greater-than-human machine intelligence and post-biological evolution. Such inclinations often obfuscate the profound impact of AI on society—including challenges from algorithmic bias to surveillance—and homogenize human approaches to AI despite the existing cultural differences in the design and deployment of technology. The introduction frames these concerns in the rising discussion of religion, science, and technology in the U.S. and India, and then provides summaries of the chapters to come.
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Souders, Katrina S., Alexandra K. Davatzes, Brady A. Ziegler, Steven Goderis, Thomas Déhais, and Philippe Claeys. "Sedimentation across the Paraburdoo spherule layer: Implications for the Neoarchean Earth system." In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution VI. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2550(11).
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ABSTRACT Large bolide impacts in the Phanerozoic produced global change identifiable in the postimpact sediments. Aside from a few isolated examples, however, evidence of postimpact change associated with Precambrian impacts is sparse. This study used the Neoarchean Paraburdoo spherule layer as a case study to search for impact-induced change in the sediments above the spherule layer. We found possible minor sedimentary changes that may have been due to either a disturbance by bottom currents or changing diagenetic conditions. Contrary to the trends found with several post–Great Oxidation Event large bolide impacts, we found no evidence of shifts in tectonic regime, sediment weathering and deposition, or paleoenvironment induced by the Paraburdoo spherule layer impact, for which the impactor is estimated to have been approximately three times larger than the Cretaceous–Paleogene bolide. This lack of a clear signal of climatic shift may be due to one or more mechanisms. Either the Paraburdoo spherule layer’s deposition in several-hundred-meter-deep water within the Hamersley Basin of Western Australia was too deep to accumulate and record observable changes, or the Neoarchean’s high-CO2 atmospheric composition acted as a threshold below which the introduction of more impact-produced gases would not have produced the expected climatic and weathering changes. We also report minor traces of elevated iron and arsenic concentrations in the sediments immediately above the Paraburdoo spherule layer, consistent with trends observed above other distal impact deposits, as well as distinctive layers of hematite nodules bracketing the spherule layer. These geochemical changes may record ocean overturn of the Neoarchean stratified water column, which brought slightly oxygenated waters to depth, consistent with the observation of tsunami deposits in shallower impact deposits and/or heating of the global oceans by tens to hundreds of degrees Celsius in the wake of the Paraburdoo spherule layer impact. Either or both of these mechanisms in addition to impact-induced shallow-water ocean evaporation may also have caused a massive die-off of microbes, which also would have produced a postimpact increase in iron and arsenic concentrations.
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Havran, Maryana, and Roksolana Vysotska Vysotska. "THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE EXPRESSION OF NEGATION IN FRENCH." In Pedagogical concept and its features, social work and linguology (1st ed.), 81–89. Primedia eLaunch LLC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/pcaifswal.ed-1.07.
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This research paper studies the evolution of the syntactic realization of negation in French. In the introduction part, it is defined the objective of the research as tracing the development of using words aucun, personne and rien in French negative structures presenting their different practical applications. One of the tasks is to find out if these constructions could be used with the negative marker pas, without inducing a double negation interpretation. The novelty of the research paper is the evolution of the expression of French negation proved by the given examples taken mostly from literary, legal or epistolary texts. The stages of evolution in French negation part shows a detailed analysis of negative markers ne and pas through different stages of their developments presented by various scientists. The evolution of negation in French is generally analyzed by using three main stages, but the investigation proves that there are other approaches for characterizing it, the so-called four stages evolution or even five stages; nevertheless, the final stage is identified by negation expressed by using only marker pas. The next part of this paper The expression of negation in Old and modern French studies the evolution of the undefined aucun, personne and rien, which are presented in the negative constructions in modern French. It is proved that the negation was strengthened by adding an undefined non-negative post verbal element or representing a small amount, such as pas, point, mie, brin, goutte, aucun, personne, rien, etc. It is concluded that in the course of historical development, these words being initially of positive value have taken on a negative coloration and value in modern French.
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Pollack, Detlef, and Olaf Müller. "Religion and the Churches." In The Oxford Handbook of German Politics, 381—C22.P88. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198817307.013.23.
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Abstract This essay examines the legal, social, and cultural situation of the churches and religion in Germany as well as the development of the religious landscape against the background of overarching social trends. After a brief introduction to central concepts and terms, the essay first identifies some historical milestones that were decisive for the constitution of churches and religion today, which are indispensable for understanding the current situation. Next, on the basis of empirical data, the evolution of the churches in the two German states from the post-war period to reunification, as well as the religious development in Germany as a whole since 1989/90 are examined in more detail. The chapter concludes with a summary providing an outlook on current problems in this area.
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"Main Sequence and Post-Main-Sequence Stellar Evolution." In An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics, 446–82. Cambridge University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108380980.014.
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Lauro, Sarah Juliet, and Deborah Christie. "Introduction." In Better Off DeadThe Evolution of the Zombie as Post-Human, 1–4. Fordham University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823234462.003.0001.
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"Introduction." In Virtual Immortality - God, Evolution, and the Singularity in Post- and Transhumanism, 291–92. transcript Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783839450598-030.
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"Introduction." In Virtual Immortality - God, Evolution, and the Singularity in Post- and Transhumanism, 91–92. transcript Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783839450598-019.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Evolution post-introduction"
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Aymerich, Francesco, and Pierluigi Priolo. "Damage Evolution in Stitched and Unstitched Graphite/Epoxy Laminates Subject to Low-Velocity Impact." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95761.
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The response to low velocity impact loadings, which may occur during manufacturing, service and maintenance, is a key factor in the design of composite material structures. Many techniques, ranging from the adoption of tough matrices/high-strain fibers to the introduction of through-thickness reinforcement, have been proposed to improve the damage response of composite laminates subject to impact. The insertion of transverse reinforcing threads by stitching, in particular, appears very promising to restrict damage growth and to improve post-impact performance of laminates. In order to develop general models capable of addressing the issues of damage tolerance and resistance, detailed understanding of the nature and extent of damage, identification of the dominant fracture modes and assessment of the effect of stitches on the damage development are essential. In this study instrumented drop-weight tests were carried out to examine and compare the damage response of stitched and unstitched cross-ply graphite/epoxy laminates subject to low-velocity impact. The progression of damage and its relationship with impact and absorbed energy were investigated by means of an extensive series of damage observations, conducted with various techniques (X-radiography, ultrasonics, optical microscopy, deply).
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Morris, J. P., B. Clary, Y. Kanarska, B. J. Isaac, A. L. Nichols, and K. Knight. "Modeling Thermomechanical Failure and Entrainment of Structural and Geological Materials into a Nuclear Fireball." In 56th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2022-2290.
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ABSTRACT: Understanding how the fireball from a nuclear detonation interacts with its environment is essential to predicting the post-detonation environment, including fallout composition and form. Realistic scenarios for nuclear events inevitably involve complex environments, such as urban settings, however the majority of data informing fallout processes come from environments devoid of relevant buildings or other structures. This paper summarizes recent developments in simulations of above-ground nuclear explosions as part of a broader effort to better characterize conditions within a fireball that may influence the chemical evolution of bomb materials and other materials entrained from the local explosion environment. We discuss our recent improvements in modeling of the coupling of radiation transport and mechanical deformation, as well as the transition from intact materials (e.g., rock, concrete, etc.) into airborne particulates. The entrainment process is particularly important to our investigations because entrained materials are a predominant influence on the chemistry and form of resultant fallout. 1. INTRODUCTION This paper discusses recent efforts as part of an internal research project at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to improve our understanding of the post nuclear detonation environment, including the chemical evolution of species within the fireball, addressing both bomb debris and entrained material. The motivation is to be able to provide actionable information for both forensic (e.g., establishing responsibility for an event) and consequence management (e.g., predicting the activity of respirable particles). Our goal is to be able to simulate complex scenarios that involve conditions outside of historical testing experience, including, for example, an event at street level in an urban environment. Modeling of such scenarios involves capturing a number of physical and chemical processes that span a range of spatial and temporal scales. Fig. 1 shows the approximate sequence of events and associated processes. At early time, the outgoing shockwave and radiation cause damage and vaporization of immediate geologic materials and structure prior to entrainment into the evolving fireball. It is critically important to capture the geomechanical processes at this stage of fireball evolution. The vaporization, pulverization, and comminution of the geologic materials will determine how much mass introduced into the fireball at early time. This entrained material plays at least two critical roles. First, the entrained mass will cool the fireball, leading to more rapid condensation of materials from the plasma state. Second, the entrained material introduces additional chemical species that contribute to subsequent fallout formation. As the fireball expands and radiates, the initial plasma state cools and individual atoms and molecules can develop. During this phase, it is important to be able to predict what specific molecules develop, because some molecules are more refractory than others. For example, depending upon how much oxygen is available, different oxidation states will be achieved with different melting points. Consequently, modeling the mixing of the fireball with both entrained materials and with the atmosphere is key to predicting the initial formation of fallout relevant radionuclide species. With further cooling, nucleation and condensation of particles occurs, and they are subsequently transported to the surrounding environment.
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Almeida, Lícia Maria Belchior, Dayne Maria Dias Belchior, and Luciana Dias Belchior. "Analysis of static balance in a patient with parkinson’s disease after using Nintendo Wii Fit® games: a case study." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.317.
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Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by involuntary tremors, weakness, festive gait, due to impaired balance, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Baropodometer and stabilometer are used to measure the strength of the feet and analyze the gravitational displacement, respectively. The Nintendo Wii® allows playful interaction to exercise balance. Objectives: To analyze static balance of PD patients after using Wii Fit® pre and post intervention. Methods: The baropodometric and stabilometric evaluation before and after the intervention took place at the University of Fortaleza. Plantar surface, mass division and pressures were evaluated with a baropodometer. Static balance was assessed with a stabilometer. The games used were Penguin Slide, Table Tilt Plus, Tilt City. Results: The left (L) hindfoot mass division went from 16.02 to 27.51%. The anteroposterior oscillations of L foot and right (R) varied from 50 to 49%. The average pressure of R foot was 35.67 to 25.97 kpa. As the appointments passed, the scores on the Wii went up. In the static analysis, it was found the patient presented a better variation in mass division of the L hindfoot, frontal gravitational center L and R and mean pressure on the R foot. The benefits found in the applicability of Wii Fit® as a therapeutic tool result in improvement in correction of posture and balance, enabling better locomotion and motivating the patient. Conclusion: The interaction with virtual reality in a patient with PD is promising for complementary motor treatment, as it delays the evolution of symptoms, improving static balance and providing greater functionality.
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Nixon, Jason R., and David I. Bigio. "Effects of Variable Fiber Microstructure in Composite Fused Filament Fabrication on Physical Properties Using High Aspect Ratio Short Fibers." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51903.
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Polymeric fused filament fabrication technology (FFF), a subfield within additive manufacturing (AM), is becoming a contender for the reintroduction of the small-scale manufacturing of customized consumer products to a mass-production dominated world market. However, before this technology can be widely implemented, there remain significant technological hurdles to overcome. One issue that has been addressed at great length in other traditional polymer manufacturing fields is the inclusion of fillers in the component for physical property enhancement or the introduction of entirely new properties to the matrix material. Experiments conducted in this study examined the inclusion of carbon microfibers (CMFs) into the matrix material prior to the printing process, and the effect of different processing parameters on the final filler structure of the composite parts post printing. Prior work on microstructural evolution during extrusion in a 3D printer has been conducted computationally to study the effects of extrusion rate, matrix rheology, and nozzle geometry on fiber orientation [1]. It was found that varying the nozzle geometry generated significantly different microstructures, and that the remainder of the parameters could be varied to fine-tune microstructural characteristics. Findings indicated that, by varying the nozzle geometry from a converging to a diverging conical section, microstructures ranging from axially oriented (with respect to the extrusion direction) to radially oriented are theoretically possible. Current work performed on extruders and FFF platforms indicates that during the extrusion process, fibers tend to align very closely to the axis of extrusion in shear flow (i.e. converging or straight dies). However, in some applications, this may not be the most effective filler structure for property enhancement, so there remains interest in exploring methodologies for fiber rotation during extrusion. For this study, CMFs and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) were compounded using a 28mm fully-intermeshing co-rotating twin-screw (CoTSE) extruder. 3D printer feedstock was manufactured in-house. A range of concentrations from 0%wt to 15%wt fabricated and tested. Analysis of the feedstock indicated nearly axial fiber alignment post-manufacture. This feedstock was then used in a Lulzbot TAZ4 printer to manufacture composite tensile testing specimens. Printed composite properties were then identified and compared to neat ABS and bulk composite properties. It was found that using a purely converging die, highly aligned filler structures were produced (with respect to the bead laid by the printer). Using a diverging nozzle, more random filler structures were produced. Improvements in both intra-layer properties were observed using the diverging nozzle geometries to reorient fibers during extrusion. Property improvements were not found to be as high as longitudinal properties for highly aligned filler structures. Using insights gained through these experiments, we are currently working on exploring added functionality for the composites using different types of fillers as well as multi-scale filler combinations.
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Pastorio, Indianara Keila, Nayara Christina de Lima Curti, Francine de Paula Roberto Domingos, Sayuri Aparecida Hirayama, Lorena Dias Araújo, Rafael de Almeida, Marilia Pires de Sousa e. Silva, and William de Souza Delfim. "Post-traumatic vertebral artery dissection." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.515.
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Introduction: Vertebral artery dissections are responsible for 2% of all ischemic strokes and correspond to more than 25% of events in young adults. Its main etiologies, such as spontaneous and traumatic, which compromise the structural integrity of the arterial wall, allowing blood to accumulate between the layers of the vessel as an intramural hematoma, which can progress to stenosis or luminal occlusion in stroke. Case report: We attended a woman, 29 years old, who suffered a mild trauma in the cervical region during weight training in the gym presenting symptoms hours after the accident, a sudden headache of strong intensity irradiated to cervical, which evolves to a picture of cerebral ischemia characterized by changes in balance and coordination. The diagnosis was confirmed through complementary examinations of cranial tomography and angiotomography and treatment was composed by a combination of aspirin and clopidogrel with favorable evolution of the condition. Conclusion: The report illustrates that the change in cerebral circulation due to ischemia can occur either suddenly or even days after the injury, and it is likely that many cases classified as “spontaneous” without identifying the cause, may have been caused by minor trauma. In general, there is a good prognosis if early recognition and correct management.