Journal articles: 'Evolution of Medical Processor Units'

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V. Ahamed, Syed, and Syed M. Rahman. "Architecture and Design of Medical Processor Units for Medical Networks." International journal of Computer Networks & Communications 2, no. 6 (November 20, 2010): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcnc.2010.2602.

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Hussain, Sarwat. "Artificial Intelligence, the Need of the Hour." esculapio 17, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.51273/esc21.2517122.

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Fourth Industrial revolution is currently sweeping the high-income countries (HIC) with Artificial Intelli- gence (AI) based automation affecting virtually every aspect of life. The term AI was first coined by McCar- thy in 1956. It was not until 2000s that AI began to thrive. The evolution of AI into the current status occurred in the last decade owing to the enhanced computing power using Graphic Processing Units (GPU), development of high-powered computer languages, and the emergence of the Big Data. The latter is generated through wireless communication between ‘Smart’ sensors/devices and self-learning machines. The word ‘smart’ is applied to any device that has memory and is able to connect with data networks such as the internet and the processors. In the last few years, there has been exponential growth in AI applications. This can be judged by the projec- tion that the AI field will add $ 15 Trillion to global economy, by the year 2030, up from $ 600 Million in 2016. This will occur mostly in the HIC. The adoption of AI by low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) lags far behind that of HICs. The LMICs would miss out in the economic benefits, further widening the global inequalities. Machine Learning and Deep Learning are branches of AI that are beginning to form the basis of the automation of financial and business decisions, and are the tools of self-driving cars, industrial produc- tion, data analytics, quality improvement and health- care processes to name a few. In healthcare, some of the AI applications have shown to enhance patient care, reduce medical errors, support clinical and administrative decision making, automate equipment maintenance and help reduce operational cost. For instance, AI led cost reductions achieved up to 25 percent drop in the length of hospital stay and up to 91 per cent reduction in admissions to step down facili- ties. In the United States alone, by the year 2026, AI in healthcare is estimated to realize $150 billion in annual cost savings.

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Salmela, Perttu, Harri Sorokin, and Jarmo Takala. "A Programmable Max-Log-MAP Turbo Decoder Implementation." VLSI Design 2008 (December 22, 2008): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/319095.

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In the advent of very high data rates of the upcoming 3G long-term evolution telecommunication systems, there is a crucial need for efficient and flexible turbo decoder implementations. In this study, a max-log-MAP turbo decoder is implemented as an application-specific instruction-set processor. The processor is accompanied with accelerating computing units, which can be controlled in detail. With a novel memory interface, the dual-port memory for extrinsic information is avoided. As a result, processing one trellis stage with max-log-MAP algorithm takes only 1.02 clock cycles on average, which is comparable to pure hardware decoders. With six turbo iterations and 277 MHz clock frequency 22.7 Mbps, decoding speed is achieved on 130 nm technology.

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Burg, David, and Jesse H. Ausubel. "Moore’s Law revisited through Intel chip density." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): e0256245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256245.

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Gordon Moore famously observed that the number of transistors in state-of-the-art integrated circuits (units per chip) increases exponentially, doubling every 12–24 months. Analysts have debated whether simple exponential growth describes the dynamics of computer processor evolution. We note that the increase encompasses two related phenomena, integration of larger numbers of transistors and transistor miniaturization. Growth in the number of transistors per unit area, or chip density, allows examination of the evolution with a single measure. Density of Intel processors between 1959 and 2013 are consistent with a biphasic sigmoidal curve with characteristic times of 9.5 years. During each stage, transistor density increased at least tenfold within approximately six years, followed by at least three years with negligible growth rates. The six waves of transistor density increase account for and give insight into the underlying processes driving advances in processor manufacturing and point to future limits that might be overcome.

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Yuan, J. "SU-E-I-101: A Toolkit for Automatic 2D/3D Medical Image Registration Using Graphic Processor Units." Medical Physics 38, no. 6Part5 (June 2011): 3419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3611675.

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Tesler, Nadezhda. "Evolution of medical architecture." MATEC Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 03015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817003015.

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This article deals with the history of medical architecture development in Russia and abroad. Numerous examples of buildings of healthcare facilities, from ancient times to the present day, are given. Buildings of hospitals and clinics were erected in the architectural traditions then prevailing. Features of healthcare facilities, which determine their architectural concept, are: type and purpose of the healthcare facility, scope and structure of medical services, location in the urban environment, architectural environment, etc. When designing the construction and reconstruction of hospitals and outpatient clinics, parameters of wards, doctor’s offices, procedure and administrative premises shall be taken into account. Special attention shall be paid to requirements to surgical theaters, intensive care units and other facilities with sophisticated equipment and numerous utilities.

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Asadina, Habliya, Torib Hamzah, Dyah Titisari, and Bedjo Utomo. "A Centrifuge Calibrator Based on Personal Computer Equipped with Data Processor." Indonesian Journal of electronics, electromedical engineering, and medical informatics 1, no. 1 (August 22, 2019): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35882/ijeeemi.v1i1.3.

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Calibration is an activity to determine the conventional truth of the value of the appointment of a measuring instrument by comparing traceable standards to national and international standards for measurement and / or international units and certified reference materials. The purpose of this study is to develop a system of efficient and practical centrifuge calibrators by sending the calibration results directly via bluetooth to a PC. The main series of centrifuge calibrators are Arduino modules, laser sensors and Bluetooth.The high low signal is obtained from the reflection of the laser beam aimed at the reflector point on the centrifuge plate, processed in the Arduino module and displayed on the LCD, the calibration results can be directly seen in the Delphi program. The design of this module is also equipped with a Bluetooth transmitter to send data to a PC. This module can be used in medical equipment calibration laboratories. Based on the results of testing and data collection on the 8 Tube centrifuge with a Lutron Tachometer ratio, the error value was 0.0136%. After planning, experimenting, making modules, testing modules, and collecting data, it can be concluded that the tool "centrifuge calibrator equipped with PC-based data processors" can be used and according to planning because the fault tolerance does not exceed 10%.Keywords—Holter Monitor; Heart Monitoring; Arduino Microcontroller; SD Card Memory

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Blachon, Marielle, Régis Gonthier, Philippe Berthelot, and Émilie Crawford-Achour. "Evolution of nosocomial infection in geriatrics medical units during the past 15 years." Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Viellissement 14, no. 2 (June 2016): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2016.0606.

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Mane, D. T., and U. V. Kulkarni. "A Survey on Supervised Convolutional Neural Network and Its Major Applications." International Journal of Rough Sets and Data Analysis 4, no. 3 (July 2017): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrsda.2017070105.

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With the advances in the computer science field, various new data science techniques have been emerged. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is one of the Deep Learning techniques which have captured lots of attention as far as real world applications are considered. It is nothing but the multilayer architecture with hidden computational power which detects features itself. It doesn't require any handcrafted features. The remarkable increase in the computational power of Convolutional Neural Network is due to the use of Graphics processor units, parallel computing, also the availability of large amount of data in various variety forms. This paper gives the broad view of various supervised Convolutional Neural Network applications with its salient features in the fields, mainly Computer vision for Pattern and Object Detection, Natural Language Processing, Speech Recognition, Medical image analysis.

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Wang, Beibei, Binyu Yan, Gwanggil Jeon, Xiaomin Yang, Changjun Liu, and Zhuoyue Zhang. "Lightweight Dual Mutual-Feedback Network for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Super-Resolution." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 12794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412794.

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As a result of hardware resource constraints, it is difficult to obtain medical images with a sufficient resolution to diagnose small lesions. Recently, super-resolution (SR) was introduced into the field of medicine to enhance and restore medical image details so as to help doctors make more accurate diagnoses of lesions. High-frequency information enhances the accuracy of the image reconstruction, which is demonstrated by deep SR networks. However, deep networks are not applicable to resource-constrained medical devices because they have too many parameters, which requires a lot of memory and higher processor computing power. For this reason, a lightweight SR network that demonstrates good performance is needed to improve the resolution of medical images. A feedback mechanism enables the previous layers to perceive high-frequency information of the latter layers, but no new parameters are introduced, which is rarely used in lightweight networks. Therefore, in this work, a lightweight dual mutual-feedback network (DMFN) is proposed for medical image super-resolution, which contains two back-projection units that operate in a dual mutual-feedback manner. The features generated by the up-projection unit are fed back into the down-projection unit and, simultaneously, the features generated by the down-projection unit are fed back into the up-projection unit. Moreover, a contrast-enhanced residual block (CRB) is proposed as each cell block used in projection units, which enhances the pixel contrast in the channel and spatial dimensions. Finally, we designed a unity feedback to down-sample the SR result as the inverse process of SR. Furthermore, we compared it with the input LR to narrow the solution space of the SR function. The final ablation studies and comparison results show that our DMFN performs well without utilizing a large amount of computing resources. Thus, it can be used in resource-constrained medical devices to obtain medical images with better resolutions.

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Jomli, A., H. Ouni, O. Haddad, and M. Mastouri. "Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Epidemiology and evolution of antibioresistance in the intensive care units." Clinica Chimica Acta 493 (June 2019): S543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.1141.

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Juliana Lins de Oliveira and Herman Augusto Lepikson. "The Management of Electro-Medical Equipment in Intensive Care Units: Assurance of Traceability and Metrological Reliability." JOURNAL OF BIOENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO HEALTH 2, no. 2 (August 30, 2019): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.34178/jbth.v2i2.59.

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Physiological measurements in the health sector have been supported by the rapid evolution of medical equipment technologies. The health sector increasingly requires the development of mechanisms and applications that assure the metrological reliability of the results obtained using the equipment for the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of the clinical evolution of patients. This study demonstrates the weaknesses in the control of metrological parameters related to electro-medical equipment (EMS) in Brazil, specifically those used in Intensive Care Units (ICU), where reliability is critical in terms of survival, sequelae or death. We discuss essential determinants to ensure physiological measurements, such as the limitations of legislation/standards, laboratory infrastructure, voluntary accreditations, including a brief history and indicators of patient safety in Brazil and the United States of America, as well as data from research at Hospital Units (HUs) located in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.

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Kipper, D??lio Jos??, Jefferson Pedro Piva, Pedro Celiny Ramos Garcia, Paulo Roberto Einloft, Francisco Bruno, Patr??cia Lago, Ta??s Rocha, et al. "Evolution of the medical practices and modes of death on pediatric intensive care units in southern Brazil*." Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 6, no. 3 (May 2005): 258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.pcc.0000154958.71041.37.

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Farhy, Yael, João Veríssimo, and Harald Clahsen. "Universal and particular in morphological processing: Evidence from Hebrew." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 5 (January 1, 2018): 1125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1310917.

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Do properties of individual languages shape the mechanisms by which they are processed? By virtue of their non-concatenative morphological structure, the recognition of complex words in Semitic languages has been argued to rely strongly on morphological information and on decomposition into root and pattern constituents. Here, we report results from a masked priming experiment in Hebrew in which we contrasted verb forms belonging to two morphological classes, Paal and Piel, which display similar properties, but crucially differ on whether they are extended to novel verbs. Verbs from the open-class Piel elicited familiar root priming effects, but verbs from the closed-class Paal did not. Our findings indicate that, similarly to other (e.g., Indo-European) languages, down-to-the-root decomposition in Hebrew does not apply to stems of non-productive verbal classes. We conclude that the Semitic word processor is less unique than previously thought: Although it operates on morphological units that are combined in a non-linear way, it engages the same universal mechanisms of storage and computation as those seen in other languages.

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Nguyen, Minh Quang, Van Ha Vu, Thanh Tan Mai, Xuan Ban To, Ngoc Dien Tran, Minh Tuan Dang, Xuan Tung Dang, Thi Min Nguyen, Van Tha Hoang, and Thi Kim Chi Giap. "Geomorphological sedimentary characteristics in the coastal area of Ma river delta, Thanh Hoa province." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ Biển 21, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/15995.

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The coastal area of the Ma river delta is formed by the interaction of continental and marine processes, between neo-tectonic activities and exogenous processes, between natural factors and human activities during the Late Holocene. Using remote sensing and geoscience research methods (granulometry, paleontology, geochemistry, clay mineralogy) and geomorphological studies (geneses, morphology, dynamics) combined with field survey, this coastal area, except the denuded mountainous remnants, could be distinguished into 12 morpho-sedimentary units formed and developed by the dynamic interactions of the river, waves and tides. The units formed by fluvial dynamics include: 1) Point bar is composed of clayey silt and sandy silt, 2) Channel bar composed of silty sand, 3) Levee with the composition of silty sand and 4) The flood plain of silty clay. The Late Holocene evolution of the Ma river delta was dominated by wave dynamics, reflected by a wave-formed association of dunes, interdune swamps and current sand beaches. The wave-formed units include 5) Dune’s sand and silty sand, 6) Back-dune depressions composed of sand silt clay, 7) Beach composed of sand, 8) Lagoon plain of silty clay and 9) Strand plain composed of silty sand. The tide-influenced units include 10) Supratidal flat with the composition of silty clay, 11) Intertidal flat characterized by clay or silty clay interbedded with thin fine sand or silty sand layers, 12) Subtidal flat of sand and silty sand.

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Macera, Margherita, Federica Calò, Lorenzo Onorato, Giovanni Di Caprio, Caterina Monari, Antonio Russo, Anna Galdieri, Antonio Giordano, Patrizia Cuccaro, and Nicola Coppola. "Inappropriateness of Antibiotic Prescribing in Medical, Surgical and Intensive Care Units: Results of a Multicentre Observational Study." Life 11, no. 6 (May 24, 2021): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11060475.

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The objectives of the present study were to provide a snapshot analysis of antibiotic appropriateness in two hospitals in Southern Italy in three specific areas, surgical, medical and intensive care, and to evaluate the risk factors associated with inappropriateness in antimicrobial prescriptions. We conducted a multicentre observational study in two hospitals in the Campania region. We collected data of all patients admitted on the day of evaluation to antibiotic therapy or prophylaxis through a case report form. The primary outcome was to assess the inappropriateness of antibiotic prescribing, related to the spectrum, dose, route of administration and duration of treatment—in particular, to assess whether there was a difference in the adequacy of the prescriptive practice in the medical, surgical and intensive sectors. Prescriptive inappropriateness was more frequently observed in surgical units (79.8% of the 104 antimicrobial prescriptions) than in medical units (53.8% of the 65 prescriptions, p = 0.0003) or in intensive care units (64.1% of the 39 prescriptions, p = 0.052). The reasons for the inappropriate antimicrobial prescriptions were similar in the three areas evaluated: antimicrobial unnecessary and antimicrobial not recommended were the most frequent reasons for inappropriateness. Not participating in an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) was identified as a factor associated with inappropriate antimicrobial prescriptions in medical and surgical units, but not in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). ASPs may enhance the appropriateness of antimicrobial prescriptions especially in medical and surgical units. In ICUs, specific programs able to limit empirical therapies and encourage the collection of microbiological samples may be useful to set up targeted therapies and to design antimicrobial protocols.

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Hambreky, Michael J., Matthew R. Bennett, Julian A. Dowdeswell, Neil F. Glasser, and David Huddart. "Debris entrainment and transfer in polythermal valley glaciers." Journal of Glaciology 45, no. 149 (1999): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000003051.

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AbstractModes of debris entrainment and subsequent transfer in seven “normal” and five surge-type glaciers in Svalbard (76–79° N) are outlined in the context of the structural evolution of a glacier as the ice deforms during flow. Three main modes of entrainment and transfer are inferred from structural and sedimentological observations: (i) The incorporation of angular rockfall material within the stratified sequence of snow/firn/superimposed ice. This debris takes an englacial path through the glacier, becoming folded. At the margins and at the boundaries of flow units the stratified ice including debris is strongly folded, so that near the snout the debris emerges at the surface on the hinges and limbs of the folds, producing medial moraines which merge towards the snout. The resulting lines of debris are transmitted to the proglacial area in the form of regular trains of angular debris. (ii) Incorporation of debris of both supraglacial and basal character within longitudinal foliation. This is particularly evident at the surface of the glacier at the margins or at flow unit boundaries. It can be sometimes demonstrated that foliation is a product of strong folding, since it usually has an axial planar relationship with folded stratification. Foliation-parallel debris thus represents a more advanced stage of deformation than in (i). Although the presence of basal debris is problematic, it is proposed that this material is tightly folded ice derived from the bed in the manner of disharmonie folding. The readily deformed subglacial sediment or bedrock surface represents the plane of décollement. (iii) Thrusting, whereby debris-rich basal ice (including regelation ice) and subglacial sediments are uplifted into an englacial position, sometimes emerging at the ice surface. This material is much more variable in character than that derived from rockfalls, and reflects the substrate lithologies; diamicton with striated clasts and sandy gravels are the most common facies represented. Thrusting is a dynamic process, and in polythermal glaciers is probably linked mainly to the transition from sliding to frozen bed conditions. It is not therefore a solely ice-marginal or proglacial process.

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Liu, Zhixiang, Huichao Liu, Dongmei Huang, and Liping Zhou. "The Immersed Boundary-Lattice Boltzmann Method Parallel Model for Fluid-Structure Interaction on Heterogeneous Platforms." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (August 27, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3913968.

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Immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method (IB-LBM) has become a popular method for studying fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems. However, the performance issues of the IB-LBM have to be considered when simulating the practical problems. The Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) from NVIDIA offer a possible solution for the parallel computing, while the CPU is a multicore processor that can also improve the parallel performance. This paper proposes a parallel algorithm for IB-LBM on a CPU-GPU heterogeneous platform, in which the CPU not only controls the launch of the kernel function but also performs calculations. According to the relatively local calculation characteristics of IB-LBM and the features of the heterogeneous platform, the flow field is divided into two parts: GPU computing domain and CPU computing domain. CUDA and OpenMP are used for parallel computing on the two computing domains, respectively. Since the calculation time is less than the data transmission time, a buffer is set at the junction of two computational domains. The size of the buffer determines the number of the evolution of the flow field before the data exchange. Therefore, the number of communications can be reduced by increasing buffer size. The performance of the method was investigated and analyzed using the traditional metric MFLUPS. The new algorithm is applied to the computational simulation of red blood cells (RBCs) in Poiseuille flow and through a microchannel.

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Siani, Merav, and Anat Yarden. "Introducing Evolution of the Human Lactase Gene using an Online Interactive Activity." American Biology Teacher 84, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2022.84.1.16.

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Human evolution is a sensitive and controversial topic, which might explain why it is not included in science curricula or textbooks in many countries. We prepared an online student-centered human evolution activity dealing with lactose tolerance. In constructing the activity, we considered the following design principles: a medical issue connected to students’ lives, a noncontentious topic of human evolution, and a one-step genetic example that can be demonstrated by basic bioinformatics tools. The activity consists of four units dealing with the activity of the enzyme lactase in our small intestine, the differences in lactose tolerance in people from different origins, the genetic foundation of lactose tolerance, and an extension unit dealing with the control of lactase gene expression. The activity was experienced by a pilot group of approximately 100 students, preservice and in-service teachers who showed great interest in the genetics of a trait that has undergone evolutionary changes. We noted the need for a teacher as mediator while students perform the activity. We suggest using the activity in the context of evolution, genetics, or when teaching about systems of the human body, either all units in succession or as a modular activity.

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Grau, Santiago, Sergi Hernández, Ariadna Padullés, Montserrat Gimenez, Lucía Boix-Palop, Susana Melendo, Glòria Oliva, and Juan P. Horcajada. "Trends of Adult Antimicrobial Hospital Consumption in Catalonia (Spain) from 2008 to 2018." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s500—s501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.1181.

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Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a disturbing problem in the health system. A relationship between the use of certain antimicrobials and a resistance increase has been proposed. Since this phenomenon is not usually attributed to specific uses of antimicrobials but preferably to its evolution over the years, the analysis of the antimicrobial consumption over time can justify the epidemiological situation of a given region in terms of resistance and possible increases and decreases for specific microorganisms. The objective of this study was to analyze the evolution of the use of antimicrobials in Catalonia during 2008–2018 through the VINCat program (Infection Control and Antimicrobial Stewardship Catalonian Program). Methods: The number of hospitals participating in the VINCat increased from 46 in 2008 to 63 in 2018 (ie, 68.8% and 85.7% of all adult acute-care hospital beds in Catalonia, respectively). Hospitalization days recorded at the participating hospitals increased from 2,991,053 in 2008 to 3,714,938 in 2018. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC) defined daily dose (DDD) index was used for monitoring antimicrobial consumption. Simple linear regressions were performed, the linear relationship was checked by ANOVA tests, and the Pearson correlation (Pc) coefficients were obtained. Values of P ≤ .05 were considered statistically significant. Results: From 2008 to 2018, there was a statistically significant increase of global antibacterial consumption (65.50 vs 71.73 DDD per 100 bed days; P = .001) and antimycotic consumption (3.09 vs 3.45 DDD per 100 bed days, P = .012) due to an increase of consumption in the surgical units. At the same time, there was a decrease in the consumption of antimycotics in the medical units (4.35 vs 3.90 DDD per 100 bed days; P =.029). Cephalosporins and carbapenem consumption increased both globally (10.88 vs 13.86 DDD per 100 bed days; P < .001) and in medical and surgical units (3.26 vs 5.38 DDD per 100 bed days; P < .001). This increase was mainly associated with ceftriaxone (3.45 vs 5.46 DDD per 100 bed days; P < .001) and meropenem (1.12 vs 3.08 DDD per 100 bed days; P < .001). There was a global decrease in the consumption of penicillins (26.10 vs 24.24 DDD per 100 bed days; P = .012) and quinolones (11.63 vs 9.61 DDD per 100 bed days; P = .004). This trend was observed also in ICUs and medical units but not in surgical units, for which only quinolones showed a significant decrease. Decreases in the use of amoxicillin/clavulanate acid (17.80 vs 14.24 DDD per 100 bed days; P < .001) and ciprofloxacin (5.68 vs 4.01 DDD per 100 bed days; P < .001) were observed. Conclusions: The increase in the use of antimicrobials in Catalonia is concerning. This increase is attributable to the use of these drugs in surgical units. Antibiotic stewardship measures should be aimed primarily at these units. The increasing use of carbapenems should be analyzed.Funding: NoneDisclosures: Juan Pablo Horcajada reports consulting fees from MSD, Pfizer, and Menarini as well as speaker honoraria from MSD, Pfizer, and Zambon.

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Kipor, G. V., S. F. Goncharov, L. V. Borisenko, B. V. Bobi, and N. K. Pichugina. "(A334) Disaster Medicine Center Evolution (Structure and Activities)." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11003189.

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The requirements of coping with emergencies on the national level include the necessity to modify the structure of disaster medicine centers that deal with major emergencies. Sharing the responsibility for the management of emergency response and preparedness also is important. The evolution of disaster medicine service is key for disaster risk activities. The goal of this presentation is to show the center subunits and their tasks based on strict management under the leading the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russian Federation. The main units of the disaster medicine center are proposed in view of the relationship to the regional and municipal centers and local medical facilities. The participation of corresponding-level centers in emergency response is dictated by the emergency scale, characteristics of the event, number of injured, number and capacities of local (regional) medical facilities, and other needs in emergency response management. The system of supply management during emergencies comprises a network of warehousing conserving the federal, regional, and local reserves of medical products is revised regularly. The new, information-sharing, automatic, geo-informational system manages the distribution of supplies for any event and evaluates the presence of resources and personnel around any focal point where any natural or technological emergency occurs. Such an informational system is being discussed for the revision of supplies and management on the international scale. The issues of field practice are proposed and suggestions on the modern coordinating mechanisms will be discussed.

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Shukla, Piyush, Oluwatobi Akanbi, Asakipaam Simon Atuah, Amer Aljaedi, Mohamed Bouye, and Shakti Sharma. "Cryptography-Based Medical Signal Securing Using Improved Variation Mode Decomposition with Machine Learning Techniques." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (September 12, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7307552.

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There is no question about the value that digital signal processing brings to the area of biomedical research. DSP processors are used to sample and process the analog inputs that are received from a human organ. These inputs come from the organ itself. DSP processors, because of their multidimensional data processing nature, are the electrical components that take up the greatest space and use the most power. In this age of digital technology and electronic gizmos, portable biomedical devices represent an essential step forward in technological advancement. Electrocardiogram (ECG) units are among the most common types of biomedical equipment, and their functions are absolutely necessary to the process of saving human life. In the latter part of the 1990s, portable electrocardiogram (ECG) devices began to appear on the market, and research into their signal processing and electronics design capabilities continues today. System-on-chip (SoC) design refers to the process through which the separate computing components of a DSP unit are combined onto a single chip in order to achieve greater power and space efficiency. In the design of biomedical DSP devices, this body of research presents a number of different solutions for reducing power consumption and space requirements. Using serial or parallel data buses, which are often the region that consumes the most power, it is possible to send data between the system-on-chip (SoC) and other components. To cut down on the number of needless switching operations that take place during data transmission, a hybrid solution that makes use of the shift invert bus encoding scheme has been developed. Using a phase-encoded shift invert bus encoding approach, which embeds the two-bit indication lines into a single-bit encoded line, is one way to solve the issue of having two distinct indicator bits. This method reduces the problem. The PESHINV approach is compared to the SHINV method that already exists, and the comparison reveals that the suggested PESHINV method reduces the total power consumption of the encoding circuit by around 30 percent. The computing unit of the DSP processor is the target of further optimization efforts. Virtually, all signal processing methods need memory and multiplier circuits to function properly.

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Harris, Richard J., Louise Downey, Martin McDonnell, Florina Borca, Richard Felwick, Hang TT Phan, Fraser Cummings, and Markus Gwiggner. "Evolution of an inflammatory bowel disease helpline and implications for service design and development." Gastrointestinal Nursing 18, no. 2 (March 2, 2020): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/gasn.2020.18.2.46.

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) clinical nurse specialists deliver a service that is highly valued by patients. Access to a specialist nurse-led IBD helpline forms part of the UK IBD consensus standards. This retrospective cohort study analyses the workload evolution of an IBD helpline and discusses its implications for the design of future services. Helpline activity was shown to increase significantly between 2016 and 2018. While largely due to appropriate increased patient demand for acute advice, significant inefficiencies were demonstrated. These are likely to be present in other comparable helpline services, alongside opportunities for making more efficient use of specialist nurse time. In addition, helpline activity was shown to generate a significant additional workload involving patient follow-up and results. Robust methods for capturing this workload could help units with similar services with service design, job planning and reimbursement.

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Kongsuwan, Waraporn, Kathryn Keller, and Susan Chase. "THE EVOLUTION OF CARING FOR DYING PATIENTS IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS IN THE UNITED STATES FROM 1960–1980." BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care 4, Suppl 1 (March 2014): A84.1—A84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2014-000654.241.

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Ibrahim, Halah, Mohamad Kasem Mohamad, Abd Al Kareem Adi, Ashraf M. Kamour, and Thana Harhara. "The Impact of an Acute Medical Unit in Internal Medicine on Resident Education." Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development 9 (January 2022): 238212052210910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23821205221091037.

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Background Medical trainees are expected to provide care for increasingly sick and treatment intensive patients. To improve patient care, hospitals worldwide have developed acute medical units (AMUs), dedicated medical wards that provide care for patients during the first 24 to 72 hours of an emergency medical hospital admission. A distinguishing feature of these units is that they are supervised by senior clinicians and offer multidisciplinary patient-centered care. Little is known about the impact of AMUs on trainee supervision and education. Methods In this educational case study, we describe the evolution, process and structure of our AMU service. We also provide resident and teaching faculty perceptions of the impact of this intervention on education and supervision. Results Questionnaire results showed that residents and teaching attendings believed that supervision and education were improved on the AMU, as compared to the traditional medical ward model. Residents also felt that their knowledge and clinical skills in managing acute patients improved. Procedure skills were less impacted by the intervention. A small number of residents believed that the AMU model worsened supervision and education. Conclusion Integrating medical trainees into an AMU allowed for early evaluation and input from senior clinicians and increased opportunities to work in and learn from multidisciplinary teams, contributing to improved resident supervision and education. Future studies are needed to assess the long-term impact of the AMU on educational outcomes.

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Stognii, N. Y., S. B. Tsiryateva, D. V. Krasheninin, G. F. Tkachenko, Y. S. Prints, and L. V. Kremneva. "Historical aspects of the teaching of acute coronary syndrome." Medical Science And Education Of Ural 21, no. 3 (2020): 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36361/1814-8999-2020-21-3-140-142.

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The milestones of evolution of acute coronary syndrome doctrine were summarized in the literature review. The contribution of national and foreign scientists in understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms of this disease was introduced. The role of emergency medical services, intensive cardiac care units, reperfusion interventions and up to date pharmacotherapy in reducing the mortality rate of acute coronary syndrome patients was highlighted.

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Kishore, G. Vamshi, and J. Suresh. "Design of Wireless Acceleration Sensor Nodes Used in Mechanical Equipment Status Monitoring." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v6.i1.pp42-48.

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Wireless Sensor Network is a new integrated technology, which combines sensor technology, wireless communication technology, Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems technology and Digital electronic technology. Now, it has been widely used in military, industrial control, environmental monitoring, transportation, and medical. Along with the research evolution on Wireless Sensor Network, its application fields are gradually expanding. It is penetrating deep into each aspect of the human’s production and life, and will be a new revolutionary technology. In this paper, a wireless acceleration node based on wireless single chip processor CC2430, an ARM7TDMI-S core based microcontroller called LPC2478 microprocessor and three-axis acceleration sensor ADXL330 is designed to monitor the mechanical system operation conditions and fault diagnosis with high efficiency. The performance and characteristics of CC2430, ADXL330 and LPC2478 are introduced compactly. The designations of hardware as well as software of wireless network node are introduced in details. The nodes perform steadily and efficiently in practical test, and it can be easily applied to other monitoring areas.

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Grabenstein, John D. "Immunization from the Perspective of a Millennium." Hospital Pharmacy 35, no. 6 (June 2000): 619–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001857870003500603.

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Credit This lesson is good for 0.2 CE units, with a passing grade of 70%. Objectives After completing this continuing education article, the pharmacist will be able to: 1. Describe the evolution of immunization over the past thousand years. 2. Discuss the impact of specific infectious diseases on world populations before the development of immunizations against them. 3. Understand the significance of immunization in increasing human lifespan. 3. Compare immunization policies of different eras in the 20th century. 4. Identify some potential new applications of immunological drugs in the 21st century.

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da Silva, Kesia Esther, Gleyce Hellen de Almeida de Souza, Quézia Moura, Luana Rossato, Letícia Cristina Limiere, Nathalie Gaebler Vasconcelos, and Simone Simionatto. "Genetic Diversity of Virulent Polymyxin-Resistant Klebsiella aerogenes Isolated from Intensive Care Units." Antibiotics 11, no. 8 (August 19, 2022): 1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11081127.

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This study evaluated the scope and genetic basis of polymyxin-resistant Klebsiella aerogenes in Brazil. Eight polymyxin-resistant and carbapenemase-producing K. aerogenes strains were isolated from patients admitted to the ICU of a tertiary hospital. Bacterial species were identified by automated systems and antimicrobial susceptibility profile was confirmed using broth microdilution. The strains displayed a multidrug resistant profile and were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis revealed a variety of antimicrobial resistance genes, including the blaKPC-2. No plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene was identified. Nonetheless, nonsynonymous mutations in mgrB, pmrA, pmrB, and eptA were detected, justifying the colistin resistance phenotype. Virulence genes encoding yersiniabactin, colibactin, and aerobactin were also found, associated with ICEKp4 and ICEKp10, and might be related to the high mortality observed among the patients. In fact, this is the first time ICEKp is identified in K. aerogenes in Brazil. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the strains into two clonal groups, belonging to ST93 and ST16. In summary, the co-existence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors is deeply worrying, as it could lead to the emergence of untreatable invasive infections. All these factors reinforce the need for surveillance programs to monitor the evolution and dissemination of multidrug resistant and virulent strains among critically ill patients.

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Loumame, El hassan, Abdessamad Tounsi, Soumia Amir, Nabila Soraa, and Naaila Ouazzani. "Microbial Resistance to Carbapenems in Effluents from Gynaecological, Paediatric and Surgical Hospital Units." Antibiotics 11, no. 8 (August 15, 2022): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11081103.

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The aim of this work is to identify and count antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in hospital effluents (HEs) of 2 units of the University Hospital Mohamed VI the Mother and Child Hospital (MCH) and the Ar-razi Surgical Hospital (ArzH), and to compare the two hospital units in terms of ARMs and seasonal variation. Each HE was sampled during 2016 and 2017. After identification of the pathogenic strains and determination of AMR, the results were reported for 24 ABs, including 3 carbapenems (CBP), and their consumption rates. The Predicted environmental concentration (PEC) rate of carbapenems in the HE of the study sites is calculated. A comparative analysis of the AMR of the isolated bacterial species was performed and related to the evolution of PEC in HEs. In the ArzH effluents:15 strains isolated, 7 are carbanepenem-resistant Enterobacteria (CRE) and are resistant to at least one of the 3 carbapenems tested. ArzH and MCH effluents respectively show some similarities: 26.87% and 28.57% of isolated bacteria are resistant to ertapenem while 43.48% and 57.14% are resistant to meropenem. However, for imipenem, the MCH effluent has a higher percentage of bacterial antibiotic resistance than ArzH. In addition, the percentage of resistance in each hospital unit effluent is mainly in relation with the increasing antibiotic consumption and predicted environmental values PEC for very antibiotic in each unit in the same period.

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Meraz Chavarin, Isaac Alonso, and Eva Olivia Martínez Lucero. "Desarrollo de un sistema web para captura de notas post-operatorias entre unidades de salud remotas." Revista de Investigación en Tecnologías de la Información 9, no. 18 (June 2021): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36825/riti.09.18.010.

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The impact of the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the Health Sector, as in many other fields, has made it possible to reform the services aimed at improving medical care, you can see the importance and positive, orderly and modern effect with which patient information is managed through standardized systems for the benefit of the population's health care. Doctors who have a technological tool that allows them to generate daily medical notes, add them to an electronic medical record of the patient and consult them later, have a great advantage over doctors who do not have a system where they can analyze a health history, the indications, diagnoses or treatments described in notes of admission, evolution, discharge, post-operative medical note, or notes of outpatient surgeries, leaving not only the doctor at a disadvantage, but also the patient who is treated without having important information for a higher quality care. This study focuses on the factors that must be addressed for an adequate implementation of an Electronic File System (SEE) in medical units that attend to patients in common, in order to contribute to modernizing the current health systems in the locality by connect two remote medical units through a web system for the management of medical information of patients.

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Bautista Hernández, Azucena, Enrique de Vega-Ríos, Jorge Serrano Ballesteros, Daniel Useros Braña, Laura Cardeñoso Domingo, Angels Figuerola Tejerina, Andrés von Wernitz Teleki, David Jiménez Jiménez, Ignacio de los Santos Gil, and Carmen Sáez Béjar. "Impact of the implementation of a Sepsis Code Program in medical patient management: a cohort study in an Internal Medicine ward." Revista Española de Quimioterapia 35, no. 2 (January 31, 2022): 178–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37201/req/132.2021.

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Introduction. Sepsis is the main cause of death in hospitals and the implementation of diagnosis and treatment bundles has shown to improve its evolution. However, there is a lack of evidence about patients attended in conventional units. Methods. A 3-year retrospective cohort study was conducted. Patients hospitalized in Internal Medicine units with sepsis were included and assigned to two cohorts according to Sepsis Code (SC) activation (group A) or not (B). Baseline and evolution variables were collected. Results. A total of 653 patients were included. In 296 cases SC was activated. Mean age was 81.43 years, median Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was 2 and 63.25% showed some functional disability. More bundles were completed in group A: blood cultures 95.2% vs 72.5% (p < 0.001), extended spectrum antibiotics 59.1% vs 41.4% (p < 0.001), fluid resuscitation 96.62% vs 80.95% (p < 0.001). Infection control at 72 hours was quite higher in group A (81.42% vs 55.18%, odds ratio 3.55 [2.48-5.09]). Antibiotic was optimized more frequently in group A (60.77% vs 47.03%, p 0.008). Mean in-hospital stay was 10.63 days (11.44 vs 8.53 days, p < 0.001). Complications during hospitalization appeared in 51.76% of patients, especially in group B (45.95% vs 56.58%, odds ratio 1.53 [1.12-2.09]). Hospital readmissions were higher in group A (40% vs 24.76%, p < 0.001). 28-day mortality was significantly lower in group A (20.95% vs 42.86%, odds ratio 0.33 [0.23-0.47]). Conclusions. Implementation of SC seems to be effective in improving short-term outcomes in IM patients, although therapy should be tailored in an individual basis.

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Decalonne, Marie, Sandra Dos Santos, Rémi Gimenes, Florent Goube, Géraldine Abadie, Saïd Aberrane, Vanina Ambrogi, et al. "Staphylococcus capitis isolated from bloodstream infections: a nationwide 3-month survey in 38 neonatal intensive care units." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 39, no. 11 (June 9, 2020): 2185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-020-03925-5.

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Abstract To increase the knowledge about S. capitis in the neonatal setting, we conducted a nationwide 3-month survey in 38 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) covering 56.6% of French NICU beds. We demonstrated 14.2% of S. capitis BSI (S.capBSI) among nosocomial BSIs. S.capBSI incidence rate was 0.59 per 1000 patient-days. A total of 55.0% of the S.capBSIs were late onset catheter-related BSIs. The S. capitis strains infected preterm babies (median gestational age 26 weeks, median birth weight 855 g). They were resistant to methicillin and aminoglycosides and belonged to the NRCS-A clone. Evolution was favorable in all but one case, following vancomycin treatment.

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Whitehurst, Eric. "Parental Presence within the Post-Anaesthetic Care Unit." British Journal of Anaesthetic and Recovery Nursing 3, no. 3 (August 2002): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742645600001522.

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ABSTRACTAs health care providers our philosophy is to deliver the very highest quality of care to our patients. However within many hospitals there are not firm policies to allow family members to see their loved ones in the immediate postoperative period. Thus parents are routinely not being encouraged to comfort and support their children within the Post Anaesthetic Care Unit. The evolution of ‘family centred’ care should result in parents being encouraged to be with and care for their children during hospitalisation. This has been found to be beneficial to all parties. Whilst parental presence in the anaesthetic room has become more accepted practice the same cannot be said of Post Anaesthetic Care Units despite the recommendations made by the Department of Health [1991] and ‘The Patients’ Charter [1996]. Why does this situation exist? Is it due to preconceived attitudes of the staff involved, parental ignorance or historical reasons? This article will examine available research and attempt to identify possible reasons why such situations exist within many Post Anaesthetic Care Units and suggest possible solutions.

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Casella, Gianni, Silvia Zagnoni, Giuseppe Fradella, Giampaolo Scorcu, Alessandra Chinaglia, Pier Camillo Pavesi, Giuseppe Di Pasquale, and Luigi Oltrona Visconti. "The Difficult Evolution of Intensive Cardiac Care Units: An Overview of the BLITZ-3 Registry and Other Italian Surveys." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6025470.

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Coronary care units, initially developed to treat acute myocardial infarction, have moved to the care of a broader population of acute cardiac patients and are currently defined as Intensive Cardiac Care Units (ICCUs). However, very limited data are available on such evolution. Since 2008, in Italy, several surveys have been designed to assess ICCUs’ activities. The largest and most comprehensive of these, the BLITZ-3 Registry, observed that patients admitted are mainly elderly males and suffer from several comorbidities. Direct admission to ICCUs through the Emergency Medical System was rather rare. Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) account for more than half of the discharge diagnoses. However, numbers of acute heart failure (AHF) admissions are substantial. Interestingly, age, resources availability, and networking have a strong influence on ICCUs’ epidemiology and activities. In fact, while patients with ACS concentrate in ICCUs with interventional capabilities, older patients with AHF or non-ACS, non-AHF cardiac diseases prevail in peripheral ICCUs. In conclusion, although ACS is still the core business of ICCUs, aging, comorbidities, increasing numbers of non-ACS, technological improvements, and resources availability have had substantial effects on epidemiology and activities of ICCUs. The Italian surveys confirm these changes and call for a substantial update of ICCUs’ organization and competences.

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Gheorghe, Irina, Ilda Czobor, Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc, Elvira Borcan, Camelia Ghiţă, Otilia Banu, Veronica Lazăr, Grigore Mihăescu, Dan Florin Mihăilescu, and Zong Zhiyong. "Molecular screening of carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative strains in Romanian intensive care units during a one year survey." Journal of Medical Microbiology 63, no. 10 (October 1, 2014): 1303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.074039-0.

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This is the first study, to our knowledge, performed on a significant number of strains (79 carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and 84 carbapenem-resistant non-fermenting Gram-negative rods, GNRs) isolated from tissue samples taken from patients in the intensive care units of two large hospitals in Bucharest, Romania, between 2011 and 2012. The results revealed a high prevalence and great diversity of carbapenemase genes (CRG), in both fermenting and non-fermenting Gram-negative carbapenem-resistant strains. The molecular screening of carbapenem-resistant GNRs revealed the presence of worldwide-distributed CRGs (i.e. bla OXA-48 and bla NDM-1 in Enterobacteriaceae and bla OXA-23, bla VIM-4, bla OXA-10-like, bla OXA-60-like, bla SPM-like and bla GES-like in non-fermenting GNRs), reflecting the rapid evolution and spread of carbapenemase producers, particularly in hospitals. Rapid identification of the colonized or infected patients is required, as are epidemiological investigations to establish the local or imported origin of the respective strains.

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Perez-Molina, José A., Cristina Poveda, Angela Martinez-Perez, Felipe Guhl, Begoña Monge-Maillo, Manuel Fresno, Rogelio López-Velez, Juan D. Ramírez, and Nuria Girones. "Distribution of Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units in Bolivian migrants in Spain." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 21 (January 2014): 440–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2013.12.018.

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Roy Chowdhury, Piklu, Ana Ingold, Natasha Vanegas, Elena Martínez, John Merlino, Andrea Karina Merkier, Mercedes Castro, et al. "Dissemination of Multiple Drug Resistance Genes by Class 1 Integrons in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Four Countries: a Comparative Study." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 55, no. 7 (April 25, 2011): 3140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01529-10.

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ABSTRACTA comparative genetic analysis of 42 clinicalKlebsiella pneumoniaeisolates, resistant to two or more antibiotics belonging to the broad-spectrum β-lactam group, sourced from Sydney, Australia, and three South American countries is presented. The study focuses on the genetic contexts of class 1 integrons, mobilizable genetic elements best known for their role in the rapid evolution of antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative pathogens. It was found that the class 1 integrons in this cohort were located in a number of different genetic contexts with clear regional differences. In Sydney, IS26-associated Tn21-like transposons on IncL/M plasmids contribute greatly to the dispersal of integron-associatedmultiple-drug-resistant (MDR) loci. In contrast, in the South American countries, Tn1696-like transposons on an IncA/C plasmid(s) appeared to be disseminating a characteristic MDR region. A range of mobile genetic elements is clearly being recruited by clinically important mobile class 1 integrons, and these elements appear to be becoming more common with time. This in turn is driving the evolution of complex and laterally mobile MDR units and may further complicate antibiotic therapy.

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Markantonatou, Anthi-Marina, Athanasios Tragiannidis, Vasiliki Galani, Dimitrios Doganis, Kondilia Antoniadi, Haroula Tsipou, Maria Lambrou, et al. "Diagnostic Capacity for Invasive Fungal Infections in the Greek Paediatric Haematology-Oncology Units: Report from the Infection Working Group of the Hellenic Society of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7050357.

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An audit based on a specific questionnaire was attempted, in order to investigate the mycology laboratory diagnostic capacity for invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) in Greek Paediatric Haematology-Oncology departments/units. The study provided the relevant information for the years 2019 and 2020 and included data from all units, concerning culture-based methods and direct microscopy, phenotypic and molecular identification, sensitivity testing, serology and molecular diagnosis, as well as therapeutic drug monitoring. The target was mostly to reveal the level of laboratory coverage for hospitalised paediatric patients, independently of the possibility of performing the tests in the host hospital, or otherwise to refer the specimens elsewhere. In total, the current study demonstrated that the most important facilities and services regarding the IFD diagnostics for paediatric haematology-oncology patients in Greece are available and relatively easily accessible, with a reasonable turnaround time. Acting as an initial registry for further improvements, the audit can serve as a valuable approach to the actual situation and future perspectives. A national clinical mycology network under the auspices of the relevant scientific societies will probably facilitate collaboration between all the departments (clinical and laboratory) involved in invasive fungal infections and provide an easier approach to any necessary test for any hospitalised patient.

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Bosch, Jaime, An Martel, Jarrod Sopniewski, Barbora Thumsová, Cesar Ayres, Ben C. Scheele, Guillermo Velo-Antón, and Frank Pasmans. "Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans Threat to the Iberian Urodele Hotspot." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 8 (August 7, 2021): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7080644.

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The recent introduction of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans into northeastern Spain threatens salamander diversity on the Iberian Peninsula. We assessed the current epidemiological situation with extensive field sampling of urodele populations. We then sought to delineate priority regions and identify conservation units for the Iberian Peninsula by estimating the susceptibility of Iberian urodeles using laboratory experiments, evidence from mortality events in nature and captivity and inference from phylogeny. None of the 1395 field samples, collected between 2015 and 2021 were positive for Bsal and no Bsal-associated mortality events were recorded, in contrast to the confirmed occurrence of Bsal outbreak previously described in 2018. We classified five of eleven Iberian urodele species as highly susceptible, predicting elevated mortality and population declines following potential Bsal emergence in the wild, five species as intermediately susceptible with variable disease outcomes and one species as resistant to disease and mortality. We identified the six conservation units (i.e., species or lineages within species) at highest risk and propose priority areas for active disease surveillance and field biosecurity measures. The magnitude of the disease threat identified here emphasizes the need for region-tailored disease abatement plans that couple active disease surveillance to rapid and drastic actions.

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de Groot, Theun, Tom Janssen, Dirk Faro, Niels A. J. Cremers, Anuradha Chowdhary, and Jacques F. Meis. "Antifungal Activity of a Medical-Grade Honey Formulation against Candida auris." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7010050.

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Candida auris is a pathogenic yeast causing outbreaks in intensive care units with high mortality rates. The treatment of C. auris colonization is challenging due to high resistance rates. A potential alternative antifungal treatment is medical-grade honey. In this study the susceptibility of C. auris and other Candida species to the medical-grade honey-based formulation L-Mesitran® Soft was investigated. The medical-grade honey formulation reduced the growth of C. auris and other Candida species in a dose-dependent manner. This inhibition was not only due to the honey component, as treatment with an identical concentration of this component only was less effective and even stimulated the growth of C. albicans and C. glabrata, supporting the interpretation that supplements in the medical-grade honey formulation enhanced the antimicrobial activity. Increasing the concentration of the honey component to 40%, as is also present in an undiluted medical-grade honey formulation, lead to a 1- to 4-log inhibition of all Candida species. Unprocessed local honey reduced the growth of nearly all Candida species more strongly than medical-grade honey. C. auris’ susceptibility to the medical-grade honey formulation did not depend on geographic origin or resistance profile, although the multiresistant isolates tended to be more susceptible. Altogether, medical-grade honey formulation has a strong antifungal activity against C. auris and other Candida species. Future studies should demonstrate whether the treatment of open wounds or skin colonized with C. auris is feasible and effective in the clinical setting.

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Takahashi, Alda Akie, Alba Lúcia Bottura Leite de Barros, Jeanne Liliane Marlene Michel, and Mariana Fernandes de Souza. "Difficulties and facilities pointed out by nurses of a university hospital when applying the nursing process." Acta Paulista de Enfermagem 21, no. 1 (March 2008): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-21002008000100005.

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OBJECTIVE: To identify the difficult and easy aspects of performing the different stages of the nursing process, according to the reports of nurses working at Hospital São Paulo. METHODS: Eighty-three nurses from 20 different hospital units, where the nursing process was regularly implemented, answered structured research questionnaires. RESULTS: Nursing diagnosis and evolution were the phases where nurses reported more difficulties. Most of the difficult and easy points reported are related to the nurses' theoretical and practical knowledge to perform the phases of the process. CONCLUSION: Insufficient knowledge becomes an obstacle for the nurses' compliance to the nursing process. An evaluation of theoretical and practical teaching of the nursing process during undergraduate courses is recommended, as well as continuous education in hospital settings.

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Krótki, Zuzanna. "Nazwy syfilisu w dawnej polszczyźnie." Przegląd Humanistyczny 61 (December 15, 2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7431.

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In the article, the olden names of daglock from 15th to 19th century timeline were analysed and collected from all available lexicographical sources. The material was ordered based upon the ‘word-form’ structure and the etymology of researched appellations. It turned out that particular units were created in correlation with four primary senses such as: 1. ‘the symptoms of syphilis’, 2. ‘the place of epidemic pandemic’, 3. ‘the carrier with syphilis’, 4. ‘mythological creature causing syphilis’. Among forty two investigated units, currently only two are preserved: kiła and tryper. It can be acknowledged that the main causes of this phenomenon are medicine evolution and inhibition of the epidemic of syphilis as a primary principle of medical intervention. The dominating factor in this sketch is the analysis of contexts in which they were situated. The author examines the names with the meaning ‘syphilis’ in the history of the Polish language. Upon the statement of using this word in the dictionary registering the Old Polish, we can deduce the meaningful value of it in the given time.

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Reiss, Errol, Brent A. Lasker, Naureen J. Iqbal, Michael J. James, and Beth A. Arthington-Skaggs. "Molecular epidemiology of Candida parapsilosis sepsis from outbreak investigations in neonatal intensive care units." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 8, no. 2 (March 2008): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2007.10.007.

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Scanlan, Pauline D., Rob Knight, Se Jin Song, Gail Ackermann, and Paul D. Cotter. "Prevalence and genetic diversity of Blastocystis in family units living in the United States." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 45 (November 2016): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2016.08.018.

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Andrés-Olivera, Pilar, Judit García-Aparicio, María Teresa Lozano López, José Antonio Benito Sánchez, Carmen Martín, Ana Maciá-Casas, Armando González-Sánchez, Miguel Marcos, and Carlos Roncero. "Impact on Sleep Quality, Mood, Anxiety, and Personal Satisfaction of Doctors Assigned to COVID-19 Units." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5 (February 25, 2022): 2712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052712.

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The SARS-CoV-2 health emergency has led to a restructuring of health care systems and the reassignment of medical specialists from their usual duties to attend COVID-19 patients. The aim of this paper is to describe the levels of insomnia, anxiety, depression, and the impact on quality of life of doctors who were on the frontline of COVID-19 during the first two waves of the pandemic. Self-report surveys were conducted on said physicians during both waves, with 83 and 61 responses in the first and second waves, respectively. The reported presence of insomnia was frequent (71.8%), although it decreased in the second survey. Anxiety was moderate, decreasing from 57.1% to 43.1% between measurements. Overall, depression rates decreased between the two surveys. Substance use was found to have an indirect correlation with personal and professional satisfaction. In the light of the unforeseeable evolution of the pandemic and the medium- to long-term repercussions on professionals, we believe the adaptation of health resources is crucial to meet the new unpredictable mental health needs of this group.

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Vitale, Ermanno, Caterina Ledda, Roberto Adani, Mario Lando, Massimo Bracci, Emanuele Cannizzaro, Luigi Tarallo, and Venerando Rapisarda. "Management of High-Pressure Injection Hand Injuries: A Multicentric, Retrospective, Observational Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 11 (November 16, 2019): 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8112000.

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Hand injuries after high-pressure injection are a medical emergency. These events occur frequently in workers during industrial cleaning, painting, and lubrication, and may have devastating consequences, leading to eventual amputation and poor functional outcomes. The authors have investigated the evolution, management, and outcome. Medical records of occupational medicine units and hand surgery units were collected in order to spot the high-pressure gear accident cases. Records were analyzed by dividing the subjects into two groups: those treated within 6 h and after 6 h of the trauma. A follow-up was carried out at least 1 year after treatment; the post-treatment outcomes were assessed. Of the 71 (100%) subjects, 26 (37%) were treated ≤6 h and 45 (63%) >6 h. A total of 28% (n = 20) underwent amputation. In 61% of cases, accidents had occurred in the iron and steel sector. High viscosity materials with a delayed treatment beyond 6 h seemed to determine compartmental syndrome and following amputation. A significantly better outcome was reported among subjects treated ≤6 h compared to those treated >6 h, 20% (n = 7) versus 26% (n = 9), respectively. Early management of this type of injury is crucial. The results of this study may contribute to providing guidelines to occupational physicians in order to best manage this type of emergency.

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Poissy, Julien, Anahita Rouzé, Marjorie Cornu, Saad Nseir, and Boualem Sendid. "The Changing Landscape of Invasive Fungal Infections in ICUs: A Need for Risk Stratification to Better Target Antifungal Drugs and the Threat of Resistance." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 9 (September 9, 2022): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8090946.

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The landscape of invasive candidiasis and invasive aspergillosis has changed dramatically in intensive care units over the past two decades. Today, we are faced with new risk factors such as the emergence of resistance, but are also equipped with new therapeutic strategies and diagnostic tools which are changing epidemiological data and diagnostic algorithms. Some common points need to be addressed: (i) the best way to use microbiological tools and to integrate their results in decisional algorithms; (ii) the need to find the optimum balance between under-diagnosis and overtreatment; (iii) and the need to decipher pathophysiology. In this short review, we will try to illustrate these points.

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Jebun, Nessa, Md Zahangir Alam, Abdullah Al Mamun, and Raha Ahmad Raus. "Novel Myco-Coagulant Produced by Lentinus squarrosulus for Removal of Water Turbidity: Fungal Identification and Flocculant Characterization." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 2 (February 16, 2022): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8020192.

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Several river water fungal strains (RWF-1 to RWF-6) were isolated to investigate the potential of having coagulant properties from the metabolites produced by the fungus. The myco-coagulant produced from the liquid-state process was characterized and tested for flocculation of kaolin water. Molecular identification of the fungal strain isolated from river water and characterization of the myco-coagulant produced by the strain are presented in this paper. The genomic DNA of the fungal 18S ribosomal ribonucleic-acid (rRNA) and 28S rRNA genes were used and the species was identified as Lentinus squarrosulus strain 7-4-2 RWF-5. The characterization of myco-coagulant by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that hydroxyl, carbonyl, amide and amine groups as principal functional groups were present in the new myco-coagulant. The mean zeta potential value of the myco-coagulant was −7.0 mV while the kaolin solution was −25.2 mV. Chemical analyses of the extracellular myco-coagulant revealed that it contained total sugar (5.17 g/L), total carbohydrate (237 mg/L), protein (295.4 mg/L), glucosamine (1.152 mg/L); and exhibited cellulase activity (20 units/L) and laccase activity (6.22 units/L). Elemental analyses of C, H, O, N and S showed that the weight fractions of each element in the myco-coagulant was 40.9, 6.0, 49.8, 1.7 and 1.4%, respectively. The myco-coagulant showed 97% flocculation activity at a dose of 1.8 mg/L, indicating good flocculation performance compared to that of polyaluminum chloride (PAC). The present work revealed that the fungal strain, L. squarrosulus 7-4-2 RWF-5 is able to produce cationic bio-coagulant. The flocculation mechanism of the novel myco-coagulant was a combination of polymer bridging and charge neutralization.

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50

Baro-Verdugo, Diana, Issa Gil-Alfaro, Mónica Morales-Ramírez, Dulce Adelaida Rivera-Ávila, Azucena Maribel Rodríguez-González, José Manuel Ramírez-Aranda, and Juan Carlos Romo-Salazar. "Continuity of patient care and patient control with high blood pressure at the first stage of medical attention." Atención Familiar 29, no. 4 (October 24, 2022): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fm.14058871p.2022.4.83442.

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Objective: to compare the blood pressure numbers of patients with high blood pressure with and without continuity of care at the first stage of medical attention. Methods: a multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in three family medicine units in a public institution. A family medicine information system was used to review the electronic files of patients with high blood pressure from July 2018 to June 2019. The systematic sample was used to complete the size of sample 358 for each group of patients, with and without continuity of medical care. It was determined that continuity existed when the continuity of care index was ≥ 0.7, getting also clinical variables. Results: of 701 electronic files of patients with high blood pressure, there was an average continuity of care index of 0.68 ± 0.23, without differences between the group of patients, with and without continuity of care, with variables: control of high blood pressure, evolution period of high blood pressure, number of patients that were assisted in the emergency departments due to uncontrolled hypertension, antihypertensive medications used and high blood pressure control. Conclusions: There was found, no relation between continuity of patient care and high blood pressure control.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Evolution of Medical Processor Units'

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