Journal articles: 'Evolution of developmental systems'

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SHIGENO, SHUICHI. "I-5. Nervous systems and developmental evolution." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 80, no. 2 (2014): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.80.246.

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Rushton, J. Philippe. "The ontogeny of information: Developmental systems and evolution." Personality and Individual Differences 8, no. 4 (1987): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(87)90230-3.

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Wereha, Tyler J., and Timothy P. Racine. "A systems view on revenge and forgiveness systems." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36, no. 1 (December 5, 2012): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x12000611.

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AbstractApplying a non-developmental evolutionary metatheory to understanding the evolution of psychological capacities leads to the creation of models that mischaracterize developmental processes, misattribute genes as the source of developmental information, and ignore the myriad developmental and contextual factors involved in human decision-making. Using an evolutionary systems perspective, we argue that revenge and forgiveness cannot be understood apart from the development of foundational human psychological capacities and the contexts under which they develop.

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Dickins, Benjamin J. A. "Book Review: Cycles of Contingency: Developmental Systems and Evolution." Evolutionary Psychology 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 147470490300100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147470490300100107.

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Downes, Stephen M. "The Ontogeny of Information: Developmental Systems and Evolution (review)." Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 44, no. 3 (2001): 464–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2001.0046.

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Hackett-Jones, Emily, Andrew White, and Christina A. Cobbold. "The evolution of developmental timing in natural enemy systems." Journal of Theoretical Biology 275, no. 1 (April 2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.12.040.

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Griesemer, James, Matthew H. Haber, Grant Yamashita, and Lisa Gannett. "Critical Notice: Cycles of Contingency – Developmental Systems and Evolution." Biology & Philosophy 20, no. 2-3 (March 2005): 517–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10539-004-0836-4.

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Finlay, Barbara L., Richard B. Darlington, and Nicholas Nicastro. "Developmental structure in brain evolution." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 2 (April 2001): 263–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01003958.

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How does evolution grow bigger brains? It has been widely assumed that growth of individual structures and functional systems in response to niche-specific cognitive challenges is the most plausible mechanism for brain expansion in mammals. Comparison of multiple regressions on allometric data for 131 mammalian species, however, suggests that for 9 of 11 brain structures taxonomic and body size factors are less important than covariance of these major structures with each other. Which structure grows biggest is largely predicted by a conserved order of neurogenesis that can be derived from the basic axial structure of the developing brain. This conserved order of neurogenesis predicts the relative scaling not only of gross brain regions like the isocortex or mesencephalon, but also the level of detail of individual thalamic nuclei. Special selection of particular areas for specific functions does occur, but it is a minor factor compared to the large-scale covariance of the whole brain. The idea that enlarged isocortex could be a “spandrel,” a by-product of structural constraints later adapted for various behaviors, contrasts with approaches to selection of particular brain regions for cognitively advanced uses, as is commonly assumed in the case of hominid brain evolution.

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Petrinovich, Lewis. "The Ontogeny of Information. Developmental Systems and Evolution. Susan Oyama." Quarterly Review of Biology 62, no. 2 (June 1987): 227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/415506.

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Cauret, Caroline M. S., Marie-Theres Gansauge, Andrew S. Tupper, Benjamin L. S. Furman, Martin Knytl, Xue-Ying Song, Eli Greenbaum, Matthias Meyer, and Ben J. Evans. "Developmental Systems Drift and the Drivers of Sex Chromosome Evolution." Molecular Biology and Evolution 37, no. 3 (November 11, 2019): 799–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz268.

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Abstract Phenotypic invariance—the outcome of purifying selection—is a hallmark of biological importance. However, invariant phenotypes might be controlled by diverged genetic systems in different species. Here, we explore how an important and invariant phenotype—the development of sexually differentiated individuals—is controlled in over two dozen species in the frog family Pipidae. We uncovered evidence in different species for 1) an ancestral W chromosome that is not found in many females and is found in some males, 2) independent losses and 3) autosomal segregation of this W chromosome, 4) changes in male versus female heterogamy, and 5) substantial variation among species in recombination suppression on sex chromosomes. We further provide evidence of, and evolutionary context for, the origins of at least seven distinct systems for regulating sex determination among three closely related genera. These systems are distinct in their genomic locations, evolutionary origins, and/or male versus female heterogamy. Our findings demonstrate that the developmental control of sexual differentiation changed via loss, sidelining, and empowerment of a mechanistically influential gene, and offer insights into novel factors that impinge on the diverse evolutionary fates of sex chromosomes.

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Nijhout, H. Frederik. "Symmetry systems and compartments in Lepidopteran wings: the evolution of a patterning mechanism." Development 1994, Supplement (January 1, 1994): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.1994.supplement.225.

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The wing patterns of butterflies are made up of an array of discrete pattern elements. Wing patterns evolve through changes in the size, shape and color of these pattern elements. The pattern elements are arranged in several parallel symmetry systems that develop independently from one another. The wing is further compartmentalized for color pattern formation by the wing veins. Pattern development in these compartments is largely independent from that in adjacent compartments. This two-fold compartmentalization of the color pattern (by symmetry systems and wing veins) has resulted in an extremely flexible developmental system that allows each pattern element to vary and evolve independently, without the burden of correlated evolution in other elements. The lack of developmental constraints on pattern evolution may explain why butterflies have diverged so dramatically in their color patterns, and why accurate mimicry has evolved so frequently. This flexible developmental system appears to have evolved from the convergence of two ancient patterning systems that the butterflies inherited from their ancestors. Mapping of various pattern types onto a phylogeny of the Lepidoptera indicates that symmetry systems evolved in several steps from simple spotting patterns. Initially all such patterns were developmentally identical but each became individuated in the immediate ancestors of the butterflies. Compartmentalization by wing veins is found in all Lepidoptera and their sister group the Trichoptera, but affects primarily the ripple patterns that form the background upon which spotting patterns and symmetry systems develop. These background pattern are determined earlier in ontogeny than are the symmetry systems, and the compartmentalization mechanism is presumably no longer active when the latter develop. It appears that both individuation of symmetry systems and compartmentalization by the wing veins began at or near the wing margin. Only the butterflies and their immediate ancestors evolved a pattern formation mechanism that combines the development of a regular array of well-differentiated symmetry systems with the mechanism that compartmentalizes the wing with respect to color pattern formation. The result was an uncoupling of symmetry system development in each wing cell. This, together with the individuation of symmetry systems, yielded an essentially mosaic developmental system of unprecedented permutational flexibility that enabled the great radiation of butterfly wing patterns.

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Wereha, Tyler J., and Timothy P. Racine. "Belief in evolved belief systems: Artifact of a limited evolutionary model?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32, no. 6 (December 2009): 537–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x09991361.

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AbstractBelief in evolved belief systems stems from using a population-genetic model of evolution that misconstrues the developmental relationship between genes and behaviour, confuses notions of “adapted” and “adaptive,” and ignores the fundamental role of language in the development of human beliefs. We suggest that theories about the evolution of belief would be better grounded in a developmental model of evolution.

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Witherington, David C., and Robert Lickliter. "Integrating Development and Evolution in Psychological Science: Evolutionary Developmental Psychology, Developmental Systems, and Explanatory Pluralism." Human Development 59, no. 4 (2016): 200–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000450715.

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Smith, Kathleen K. "Are Neuromotor Systems Conserved in Evolution?" Brain, Behavior and Evolution 43, no. 6 (1994): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000113641.

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Montgomery, Stephen H., Nicholas I. Mundy, and Robert A. Barton. "Brain evolution and development: adaptation, allometry and constraint." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1838 (September 14, 2016): 20160433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0433.

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Phenotypic traits are products of two processes: evolution and development. But how do these processes combine to produce integrated phenotypes? Comparative studies identify consistent patterns of covariation, or allometries, between brain and body size, and between brain components, indicating the presence of significant constraints limiting independent evolution of separate parts. These constraints are poorly understood, but in principle could be either developmental or functional. The developmental constraints hypothesis suggests that individual components (brain and body size, or individual brain components) tend to evolve together because natural selection operates on relatively simple developmental mechanisms that affect the growth of all parts in a concerted manner. The functional constraints hypothesis suggests that correlated change reflects the action of selection on distributed functional systems connecting the different sub-components, predicting more complex patterns of mosaic change at the level of the functional systems and more complex genetic and developmental mechanisms. These hypotheses are not mutually exclusive but make different predictions. We review recent genetic and neurodevelopmental evidence, concluding that functional rather than developmental constraints are the main cause of the observed patterns.

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Freeberg, T. M. "The Ontogeny of Information: Developmental Systems and Evolution & Evolution's Eye: A Systems View of the Biology-Culture Divide." Ethology 107, no. 3 (March 2, 2001): 277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0310.2001.0656a.x.

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Rajakumar, Rajendhran, Diego San Mauro, Michiel B. Dijkstra, Ming H. Huang, Diana E. Wheeler, Francois Hiou-Tim, Abderrahman Khila, Michael Cournoyea, and Ehab Abouheif. "Ancestral Developmental Potential Facilitates Parallel Evolution in Ants." Science 335, no. 6064 (January 5, 2012): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1211451.

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Complex worker caste systems have contributed to the evolutionary success of advanced ant societies; however, little is known about the developmental processes underlying their origin and evolution. We combined hormonal manipulation, gene expression, and phylogenetic analyses with field observations to understand how novel worker subcastes evolve. We uncovered an ancestral developmental potential to produce a “supersoldier” subcaste that has been actualized at least two times independently in the hyperdiverse ant genusPheidole. This potential has been retained and can be environmentally induced throughout the genus. Therefore, the retention and induction of this potential have facilitated the parallel evolution of supersoldiers through a process known as genetic accommodation. The recurrent induction of ancestral developmental potential may facilitate the adaptive and parallel evolution of phenotypes.

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Moore, Jordan M., and Timothy J. DeVoogd. "Concerted and mosaic evolution of functional modules in songbird brains." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1854 (May 10, 2017): 20170469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0469.

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Vertebrate brains differ in overall size, composition and functional capacities, but the evolutionary processes linking these traits are unclear. Two leading models offer opposing views: the concerted model ascribes major dimensions of covariation in brain structures to developmental events, whereas the mosaic model relates divergent structures to functional capabilities. The models are often cast as incompatible, but they must be unified to explain how adaptive changes in brain structure arise from pre-existing architectures and developmental mechanisms. Here we show that variation in the sizes of discrete neural systems in songbirds, a species-rich group exhibiting diverse behavioural and ecological specializations, supports major elements of both models. In accordance with the concerted model, most variation in nucleus volumes is shared across functional domains and allometry is related to developmental sequence. Per the mosaic model, residual variation in nucleus volumes is correlated within functional systems and predicts specific behavioural capabilities. These comparisons indicate that oscine brains evolved primarily as a coordinated whole but also experienced significant, independent modifications to dedicated systems from specific selection pressures. Finally, patterns of covariation between species and brain areas hint at underlying developmental mechanisms.

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Cauret, Caroline M. S., Marie-Theres Gansauge, Andrew S. Tupper, Benjamin L. S. Furman, Martin Knytl, Xue Song, Eli Greenbaum, Matthias Meyer, and Ben J. Evans. "Erratum to: Developmental systems drift and the drivers of sex chromosome evolution." Molecular Biology and Evolution 37, no. 6 (January 31, 2020): 1844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz286.

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Koenig, Kristen M., and Jeffrey M. Gross. "Evolution and development of complex eyes: a celebration of diversity." Development 147, no. 19 (October 1, 2020): dev182923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.182923.

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ABSTRACTFor centuries, the eye has fascinated scientists and philosophers alike, and as a result the visual system has always been at the forefront of integrating cutting-edge technology in research. We are again at a turning point at which technical advances have expanded the range of organisms we can study developmentally and deepened what we can learn. In this new era, we are finally able to understand eye development in animals across the phylogenetic tree. In this Review, we highlight six areas in comparative visual system development that address questions that are important for understanding the developmental basis of evolutionary change. We focus on the opportunities now available to biologists to study the developmental genetics, cell biology and morphogenesis that underlie the incredible variation of visual organs found across the Metazoa. Although decades of important work focused on gene expression has suggested homologies and potential evolutionary relationships between the eyes of diverse animals, it is time for developmental biologists to move away from this reductive approach. We now have the opportunity to celebrate the differences and diversity in visual organs found across animal development, and to learn what it can teach us about the fundamental principles of biological systems and how they are built.

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Gabbard, Carl. "A Commentary on Whitall and Colleagues’ 2020 Article “Motor Development Research: II. The First Two Decades of the 21st Century Shaping Our Future”." Journal of Motor Learning and Development 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2022-0009.

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This commentary reflects on the discussions of Whitall et al.’s paper “Motor Development Research: II. The First Two Decades of the 21st Century Shaping Our Future.” Comments focus on (a) the emergence and importance of the Developmental Systems approach to motor development, (b) the perceived ambiguity between Dynamic and Developmental Systems approaches, and (c) a case for the evolution of Developmental Motor Neuroscience from the field of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience.

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Finger, Thomas E. "Evolution of Taste and Solitary Chemoreceptor Cell Systems." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 50, no. 4 (1997): 234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000113337.

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Muske, Linda E. "Evolution of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Neuronal Systems." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 42, no. 4-5 (1993): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000114156.

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Volman, Susan F. "Neuroethological Approaches to the Evolution of Neural Systems." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 36, no. 2-3 (1990): 154–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000115304.

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Kaas, J. H. "The evolution of complex sensory systems in mammals." Journal of Experimental Biology 146, no. 1 (September 1, 1989): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.146.1.165.

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Much of the forebrain of many extant species of mammals appears to be sensory-perceptual in nature. Thus, much of the forebrain, especially the dorsal thalamus and neocortex, consists of nuclei and areas that are parts of complex systems that analyze sensory information and allow behavior to be guided by accurate inferences about the external world. Since mammals vary tremendously in brain size, they vary in the amount of tissue devoted to sensory processing. In addition, mammals vary in the sizes and numbers of processing nuclei and areas, and in how neurons and neuron groups (modules) are differentiated within such structures. Sensory-perceptual systems with more, larger and more differentiated parts may allow more stimulus parameters to be considered, experience to play a greater role, and speed calculations through increased parallel processing. The evolution of species differences in brain size, the sizes of individual parts, and internal structure of these parts are potentially understandable within a theoretical framework of gradual modifications of developmental processes. In addition to changes in the generation and specialization of neurons, alterations in the developmental timing that modify internal and external influences on neuron activity patterns seem to have a major role in the construction and maintenance of organization in the nervous system. Because similar selection pressures may arise over and over again and the mechanisms for producing changes may be few, similar changes in the nervous system are likely to occur in independent lines of evolution. It is uncertain how new cortical areas and nuclei evolve. Comparative studies suggest that: (1) all mammals have a few basic sensory areas and nuclei in common, (2) the number of areas and nuclei has increased independently in several lines of mammalian evolution, and (3) new areas have been added to the middle levels of cortical processing sequences. New areas and nuclei may have evolved as a result of sudden duplications and/or by the process of single areas or nuclei gradually differentiating into two or more areas or nuclei. The process of gradual differentiation may have involved the initial step of differentiating functionally distinct classes of cells that are mixed in a representation, followed by the local groupings of such cells into functionally distinct sets, and finally the fusion of cell groups of the same types to form separate representations.

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Zahmatkesh, Ensieh, Niloofar Khoshdel-Rad, Hamed Mirzaei, Anastasia Shpichka, Peter Timashev, Tokameh Mahmoudi, and Massoud Vosough. "Evolution of organoid technology: Lessons learnt in Co-Culture systems from developmental biology." Developmental Biology 475 (July 2021): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.03.001.

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Podrabsky, Jason E., and María Arezo. "Annual killifishes as model systems for advancing understanding of evolution and developmental biology." Developmental Dynamics 246, no. 11 (October 16, 2017): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.24594.

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McDowell, Betsy M., Sarah Beckman, and Jacqueline Fawcett. "Created Environment: Evolution of a Neuman Systems Model Concept." Nursing Science Quarterly 36, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08943184221131975.

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In this essay, we trace the evolution of the definition of the Neuman systems model concept of created environment from its inception in 1989. The created environment is one of three categories of environment in the Neuman systems model; the other two are the internal environment and the external environment. The most recent definition of created environment is offered in this essay as the following: The created environment is a synthesis of the internal and external environments that encompasses the client system’s ever-changing awareness of the physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual variables, and the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extrapersonal stressors as beneficial or noxious. As a protective shield, the created environment represents the client system’s perceptions and understanding of what is real and what is safe, as discussed with the nurse.

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Jabbour, Florian, Felipe Espinosa, Quentin Dejonghe, and Timothée Le Péchon. "Development and Evolution of Unisexual Flowers: A Review." Plants 11, no. 2 (January 7, 2022): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11020155.

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The development of unisexual flowers has been described in a large number of taxa, sampling the diversity of floral phenotypes and sexual systems observed in extant angiosperms, in studies focusing on floral ontogeny, on the evo-devo of unisexuality, or on the genetic and chromosomal bases of unisexuality. We review here such developmental studies, aiming at characterizing the diversity of ontogenic pathways leading to functionally unisexual flowers. In addition, we present for the first time and in a two-dimensional morphospace a quantitative description of the developmental rate of the sexual organs in functionally unisexual flowers, in a non-exhaustive sampling of angiosperms with contrasted floral morphologies. Eventually, recommendations are provided to help plant evo-devo researchers and botanists addressing macroevolutionary and ecological issues to more precisely select the taxa, the biological material, or the developmental stages to be investigated.

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Bard, Jonathan. "A systems biology representation of developmental anatomy." Journal of Anatomy 218, no. 6 (April 5, 2011): 591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01371.x.

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Holland, Linda Z. "The origin and evolution of chordate nervous systems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1684 (December 19, 2015): 20150048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0048.

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In the past 40 years, comparisons of developmental gene expression and mechanisms of development (evodevo) joined comparative morphology as tools for reconstructing long-extinct ancestral forms. Unfortunately, both approaches typically give congruent answers only with closely related organisms. Chordate nervous systems are good examples. Classical studies alone left open whether the vertebrate brain was a new structure or evolved from the anterior end of an ancestral nerve cord like that of modern amphioxus. Evodevo plus electron microscopy showed that the amphioxus brain has a diencephalic forebrain, small midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord with parts of the genetic mechanisms for the midbrain/hindbrain boundary, zona limitans intrathalamica and neural crest. Evodevo also showed how extra genes resulting from whole-genome duplications in vertebrates facilitated evolution of new structures like neural crest. Understanding how the chordate central nervous system (CNS) evolved from that of the ancestral deuterostome has been truly challenging. The majority view is that this ancestor had a CNS with a brain that gave rise to the chordate CNS and, with loss of a discrete brain, to one of the two hemichordate nerve cords. The minority view is that this ancestor had no nerve cord; those in chordates and hemichordates evolved independently. New techniques such as phylostratigraphy may help resolve this conundrum.

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Kelava, Iva, Fabian Rentzsch, and Ulrich Technau. "Evolution of eumetazoan nervous systems: insights from cnidarians." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1684 (December 19, 2015): 20150065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0065.

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Cnidarians, the sister group to bilaterians, have a simple diffuse nervous system. This morphological simplicity and their phylogenetic position make them a crucial group in the study of the evolution of the nervous system. The development of their nervous systems is of particular interest, as by uncovering the genetic programme that underlies it, and comparing it with the bilaterian developmental programme, it is possible to make assumptions about the genes and processes involved in the development of ancestral nervous systems. Recent advances in sequencing methods, genetic interference techniques and transgenic technology have enabled us to get a first glimpse into the molecular network underlying the development of a cnidarian nervous system—in particular the nervous system of the anthozoan Nematostella vectensis . It appears that much of the genetic network of the nervous system development is partly conserved between cnidarians and bilaterians, with Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling, and Sox genes playing a crucial part in the differentiation of neurons. However, cnidarians possess some specific characteristics, and further studies are necessary to elucidate the full regulatory network. The work on cnidarian neurogenesis further accentuates the need to study non-model organisms in order to gain insights into processes that shaped present-day lineages during the course of evolution.

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Astor, J. C., and C. Adami. "A Developmental Model for the Evolution of Artificial Neural Networks." Artificial Life 6, no. 3 (July 2000): 189–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/106454600568834.

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We present a model of decentralized growth and development for artificial neural networks (ANNs), inspired by developmental biology and the physiology of nervous systems. In this model, each individual artificial neuron is an autonomous unit whose behavior is determined only by the genetic information it harbors and local concentrations of substrates. The chemicals and substrates, in turn, are modeled by a simple artificial chemistry. While the system is designed to allow for the evolution of complex networks, we demonstrate the power of the artificial chemistry by analyzing engineered (handwritten) genomes that lead to the growth of simple networks with behaviors known from physiology. To evolve more complex structures, a Java-based, platform-independent, asynchronous, distributed genetic algorithm (GA) has been implemented that allows users to participate in evolutionary experiments via the World Wide Web.

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Arnone, Maria Ina, Carmen Andrikou, and Rossella Annunziata. "Echinoderm systems for gene regulatory studies in evolution and development." Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 39 (August 2016): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2016.05.027.

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Richardson, M. K., S. P. Allen, G. M. Wright, A. Raynaud, and J. Hanken. "Somite number and vertebrate evolution." Development 125, no. 2 (January 15, 1998): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.125.2.151.

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Variation in segment number is an important but neglected feature of vertebrate evolution. Some vertebrates have as few as six trunk vertebrae, while others have hundreds. We examine this phenomenon in relation to recent models of evolution and development. Surprisingly, differences in vertebral number are foreshadowed by different somite counts at the tailbud stage, thought to be a highly conserved (phylotypic) stage. Somite number therefore violates the ‘developmental hourglass’ model. We argue that this is because somitogenesis shows uncoupling or dissociation from the conserved positional field encoded by genes of the zootype. Several other systems show this kind of dissociation, including limbs and feathers. Bmp-7 expression patterns demonstrate dissociation in the chick pharyngeal arches. This makes it difficult to recognise a common stage of pharyngeal development or ‘pharyngula’ in all species. Rhombomere number is more stable during evolution than somite number, possibly because segmentation and positional specification in the hindbrain are relatively interdependent. Although developmental mechanisms are strongly conserved, dissociation allows at least some major evolutionary changes to be generated in phylotypic stages.

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ROTTSCHAEFER, W. "The Acquisition of Conscience and Developmental Systems Theory." Theory in Biosciences 121, no. 2 (2002): 175–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/1431-7613-00055.

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Trefzer, Martin A., Tüze Kuyucu, Julian F. Miller, and Andy M. Tyrrell. "On the Advantages of Variable Length GRNs for the Evolution of Multicellular Developmental Systems." IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 17, no. 1 (February 2013): 100–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2012.2185848.

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Xu, Jianping. "Molecular, developmental, and evolutionary genetic studies highlight rapid evolution of genes and genetic systems." Genome 53, no. 10 (October 2010): 848–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g10-072.

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The 53rd annual conference of the Genetics Society of Canada was held at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, from 17 to 20 June 2010. About 100 geneticists from across Canada and the US attended the meeting, with a total of 27 posters and 55 oral presentations. The presentations highlighted the power of genetics for understanding a variety of biological issues from sex and recombination to alcoholism and cancer, from DNA replication to antimicrobial resistance, horizontal gene transfer, foraging, and courtship. Large-scale genomic and transcriptomic comparisons were included in many presentations to demonstrate the impact of genomics in biomedical research. The combined molecular, developmental, and evolutionary genetic investigations presented at the meeting, especially those on model organisms, highlighted that genes and genetic systems can evolve very rapidly.

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Thompson, Andrew W., M. Brent Hawkins, Elise Parey, Dustin J. Wcisel, Tatsuya Ota, Kazuhiko Kawasaki, Emily Funk, et al. "The bowfin genome illuminates the developmental evolution of ray-finned fishes." Nature Genetics 53, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 1373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41588-021-00914-y.

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AbstractThe bowfin (Amia calva) is a ray-finned fish that possesses a unique suite of ancestral and derived phenotypes, which are key to understanding vertebrate evolution. The phylogenetic position of bowfin as a representative of neopterygian fishes, its archetypical body plan and its unduplicated and slowly evolving genome make bowfin a central species for the genomic exploration of ray-finned fishes. Here we present a chromosome-level genome assembly for bowfin that enables gene-order analyses, settling long-debated neopterygian phylogenetic relationships. We examine chromatin accessibility and gene expression through bowfin development to investigate the evolution of immune, scale, respiratory and fin skeletal systems and identify hundreds of gene-regulatory loci conserved across vertebrates. These resources connect developmental evolution among bony fishes, further highlighting the bowfin’s importance for illuminating vertebrate biology and diversity in the genomic era.

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Strausfeld, Nicholas J., and Frank Hirth. "Introduction to ‘Homology and convergence in nervous system evolution’." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1685 (January 5, 2016): 20150034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0034.

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The origin of brains and central nervous systems (CNSs) is thought to have occurred before the Palaeozoic era 540 Ma. Yet in the absence of tangible evidence, there has been continued debate whether today's brains and nervous systems derive from one ancestral origin or whether similarities among them are due to convergent evolution. With the advent of molecular developmental genetics and genomics, it has become clear that homology is a concept that applies not only to morphologies, but also to genes, developmental processes, as well as to behaviours. Comparative studies in phyla ranging from annelids and arthropods to mammals are providing evidence that corresponding developmental genetic mechanisms act not only in dorso–ventral and anterior–posterior axis specification but also in segmentation, neurogenesis, axogenesis and eye/photoreceptor cell formation that appear to be conserved throughout the animal kingdom. These data are supported by recent studies which identified Mid-Cambrian fossils with preserved soft body parts that present segmental arrangements in brains typical of modern arthropods, and similarly organized brain centres and circuits across phyla that may reflect genealogical correspondence and control similar behavioural manifestations. Moreover, congruence between genetic and geological fossil records support the notion that by the ‘Cambrian explosion’ arthropods and chordates shared similarities in brain and nervous system organization. However, these similarities are strikingly absent in several sister- and outgroups of arthropods and chordates which raises several questions, foremost among them: what kind of natural laws and mechanisms underlie the convergent evolution of such similarities? And, vice versa: what are the selection pressures and genetic mechanisms underlying the possible loss or reduction of brains and CNSs in multiple lineages during the course of evolution? These questions were addressed at a Royal Society meeting to discuss homology and convergence in nervous system evolution. By integrating knowledge ranging from evolutionary theory and palaeontology to comparative developmental genetics and phylogenomics, the meeting covered disparities in nervous system origins as well as correspondences of neural circuit organization and behaviours, all of which allow evidence-based debates for and against the proposition that the nervous systems and brains of animals might derive from a common ancestor.

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Khudyakov, Ivan Ya. "Developmental genetics and symbiotic potential of cyanobacteria." Ecological genetics 10, no. 4 (December 15, 2012): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen10429-39.

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Many cyanobacteria can differentiate specialized cells – heterocysts that fix nitrogen aerobically, akinetes able to survive under unfavorable conditions, and hormogonia providing a means of dispersal. Of great importance for evolution of the biosphere was the ability of cyanobacteria to establish symbioses with eukaryotic organisms that was a prerequisite for the emergence of chloroplasts. This review describes the genes and regulatory systems that control differentiation of specialized cells and the ability of cyanobacteria to establish symbiotic associations with a variety of hosts.

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Rottschaefer, William A. "The acquisition of conscience and Developmental Systems Theory." Theory in Biosciences 121, no. 2 (August 2002): 175–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12064-002-0019-2.

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Rosati, Barbara, and David McKinnon. "Structural and regulatory evolution of cellular electrophysiological systems." Evolution & Development 11, no. 5 (September 2009): 610–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-142x.2009.00367.x.

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SAARINEN, TIMO. "Evolution of information systems in organizations." Behaviour & Information Technology 8, no. 5 (October 1989): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01449298908914568.

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Morris, Zachary S., Kent A. Vliet, Arhat Abzhanov, and Stephanie E. Pierce. "Heterochronic shifts and conserved embryonic shape underlie crocodylian craniofacial disparity and convergence." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1897 (February 20, 2019): 20182389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2389.

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The distinctive anatomy of the crocodylian skull is intimately linked with dietary ecology, resulting in repeated convergence on blunt- and slender-snouted ecomorphs. These evolutionary shifts depend upon modifications of the developmental processes which direct growth and morphogenesis. Here we examine the evolution of cranial ontogenetic trajectories to shed light on the mechanisms underlying convergent snout evolution. We use geometric morphometrics to quantify skeletogenesis in an evolutionary context and reconstruct ancestral patterns of ontogenetic allometry to understand the developmental drivers of craniofacial diversity within Crocodylia. Our analyses uncovered a conserved embryonic region of morphospace (CER) shared by all non-gavialid crocodylians regardless of their eventual adult ecomorph. This observation suggests the presence of conserved developmental processes during early development (before Ferguson stage 20) across most of Crocodylia. Ancestral state reconstruction of ontogenetic trajectories revealed heterochrony, developmental constraint, and developmental systems drift have all played essential roles in the evolution of ecomorphs. Based on these observations, we conclude that two separate, but interconnected, developmental programmes controlling craniofacial morphogenesis and growth enabled the evolutionary plasticity of skull shape in crocodylians.

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Ruvinsky, I., and J. J. Gibson-Brown. "Genetic and developmental bases of serial homology in vertebrate limb evolution." Development 127, no. 24 (December 15, 2000): 5233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.24.5233.

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Two sets of paired appendages are a characteristic feature of the body plan of jawed vertebrates. While the fossil record provides a good morphological description of limb evolution, the molecular mechanisms involved in this process are only now beginning to be understood. It is likely that the genes essential for limb development in modern vertebrates were also important players during limb evolution. In recent years, genes from a number of gene families have been described that play important roles both in limb induction and in later patterning processes. These advances facilitate inquiries into several important aspects of limb evolution such as their origin, position along the body axis, number and identity. Integrating paleontological, developmental and genetic data, we propose models to explain the evolution of paired appendages in vertebrates. Whereas previous syntheses have tended to focus on the roles of genes from a single gene family, most notably Hox genes, we emphasize the importance of considering the interactions among multiple genes from different gene families for understanding the evolution of complex developmental systems. Our models, which underscore the roles of gene duplication and regulatory ‘tinkering’, provide a conceptual framework for elucidating the evolution of serially homologous structures in general, and thus contribute to the burgeoning field seeking to uncover the genetic and developmental bases of evolution.

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Pumain, Denise. "Settlement Systems in the Evolution." Geografiska Annaler, Series B: Human Geography 82B, no. 2 (January 2000): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0467.00075.

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Pumain, Denise. "Settlement systems in the evolution." Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 82, no. 2 (August 2000): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0435-3684.2000.00075.x.

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Flack, Jessica C. "Multiple time-scales and the developmental dynamics of social systems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1597 (July 5, 2012): 1802–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0214.

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To build a theory of social complexity, we need to understand how aggregate social properties arise from individual interaction rules. Here, I review a body of work on the developmental dynamics of pigtailed macaque social organization and conflict management that provides insight into the mechanistic causes of multi-scale social systems. In this model system coarse-grained, statistical representations of collective dynamics are more predictive of the future state of the system than the constantly in-flux behavioural patterns at the individual level. The data suggest that individuals can perceive and use these representations for strategical decision-making. As an interaction history accumulates the coarse-grained representations consolidate. This constrains individual behaviour and provides the foundations for new levels of organization. The time-scales on which these representations change impact whether the consolidating higher-levels can be modified by individuals and collectively. The time-scales appear to be a function of the ‘coarseness’ of the representations and the character of the collective dynamics over which they are averages. The data suggest that an advantage of multiple timescales is that they allow social systems to balance tradeoffs between predictability and adaptability. I briefly discuss the implications of these findings for cognition, social niche construction and the evolution of new levels of organization in biological systems.

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Harzsch, Steffen, and Roland Melzer. "Origin and evolution of arthropod visual systems." Arthropod Structure & Development 35, no. 4 (December 2006): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2006.10.001.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Evolution of developmental systems'

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