Academic literature on the topic 'Evolution History 19th century'

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Journal articles on the topic "Evolution History 19th century"

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Gómez, Juan. "Photography in Argentina: History and evolution in the 19th century." History of Photography 14, no. 2 (April 1990): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03087298.1990.10441045.

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Havlíček, Marek, Aleš Vyskočil, Martin Caletka, Zbyněk Sviták, Miriam Dzuráková, Hana Skokanová, and Marta Šopáková. "History of Using Hydropower in the Moravice River Basin, Czechia." Water 14, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14060916.

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Water-powered facilities (WPFs) have traditionally been a pillar of the economy and social development. Therefore, the state took an interest in having these objects recorded and mapped in relevant maps and registers. This article focuses on identifying and localizing WPFs in the Moravice River basin in the so-called Sudetenland, Czechia, between the years 1763 and 2021. Specifically, the evolution and (dis)continuity of the WPFs are assessed through an analysis of cartographic and archival sources, reflecting the wider socioeconomic and demographic context as explanatory variables. The cartographic sources included old military topographic maps of Austria-Hungary and Czechoslovakia from four periods (the mid-18th century, mid-19th century, end of the 19th century, and mid-20th century) on the one hand and two state water-powered facility registers from 1930 and 1953 on the other. The archival sources included funds from regional and state archives. The results show that the count of WPFs peaked during the 19th century, after which there occurred a steep decline caused by societal and economic changes, namely, the expulsion of the local German population, nationalization in the postwar period, and economic and organizational transformations in the socialist era. Special attention is paid to hydropower plants, whose evolution reflects the outlined economic processes.
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Caixeta, Leonardo, Jean Newton Lima Costa, Ana Caroline Marques Vilela, and Magno da Nóbrega. "The development of the dementia concept in 19th century." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 72, no. 7 (July 2014): 564–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20140069.

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The dementia concept has been reformulated through its history and the 19th century was remarkable in the construction of this concept as we understand it today. Like other syndromes, much of the history of the dementia concept comes from the attempt to separate it from other nosological conditions, giving it a unique identity. The fundamental elements for the arising of the dementia modern concept were: a) correlation of the observed syndrome with organic-cerebral lesions; b) understanding of the irreversibility of the dementia evolution; c) its relation with human ageing; and d) the choice of the cognitive dysfunction as a clinical marker of the dementia concept.
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Fenwick, D. "The History of Anaesthetic Mortality Reporting." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 35, no. 1_suppl (June 2007): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0703501s04.

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Anaesthetists are acutely aware of the legal constraint of reporting to the coroner deaths in association with anaesthesia. The evolution of the office of the coroner in England is presented and the relationship with the discovery and evolution of anaesthesia is examined. The legal and medical climate in the 19th century is described, with some of the key participants named and their roles explained. The 19th century was an age of questioning and exploration, which led to the elucidation of the problems with chloroform and set the path for progress in monitoring in anaesthesia. Comments are made on the development of anaesthetic mortality reporting into its current system and some of the benefits flowing from it. The collaboration of the various state mortality committees in producing a triennial national report is an important way to ensure that the lessons of the past are kept in mind in the present. The author believes that mortality reporting, the analysis of data and the dissemination of information is a valuable field of research, monitoring and educational tool. Primum non nocere is particularly pertinent in anaesthesia.
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Belyakov, S. S. "The history of Ural literature. 19th century. In 2 vols." Voprosy literatury, no. 4 (September 23, 2022): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31425/0042-8795-2022-4-288-293.

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The review deals with a monograph co-authored by 61 scholars from 19 research centres located in Russia and across the world. The authors chose to follow a geographical approach, counting all writers who had ever resided in the Urals and surrounding area (Western Siberia) as belonging to the region’s literature, irrespective of their ethnicity. The book discusses the history of Russian literature in the Urals in the first and second halves of the 19th c., as well as literatures created by the Bashkir, the Udmurt, and the Komi — the peoples inhabiting the Urals alongside Russians. The authors of the monograph also examine the work of exiles to the Urals, travellers’ impressions of the region, the origins and evolution of the region’s journalism, bookselling, and libraries, as well as the Urals’ most prominent writers, with the figure of D. MaminSibiryak looming large. The approach feels completely justified: we are presented with a glorious patchwork of a literary world created by Russian, Bashkir, Ukrainian and even Polish writers, whose fate brought them to the Urals.
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Deryugina, I. V. "THE ECONOMIC HISTORY OF KAZAKHSTAN AGRICULTURAL EVOLUTION AT THE TURN OF THE 19TH–20TH CENTURIES." Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, no. 1 (11) (2020): 240–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2020-1-240-254.

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The paper explores the evolution of agriculture in Kazakhstan during its accession to the Russian Empire. At this time, two independent sectors were established in the uniform agricultural mechanism of Kazakhstan: The arable farming, which developed due to the colonization policy of the Russian government, and the livestock sector, based on the traditional cattle breeding, originating in Kazakh steppe. The focus of the research is specifically determined by the fact that the agrarian reforms in Kazakhstan in the 21st century are based on the coexistence of these two independent sectors in agriculture. The article thus looks at three main issues. Firstly, according to the sources of the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, the migration policy of the Russian government, initiating a vast territorial expansion of the Russian speaking population, and economic transformations in agriculture on Kazakhstan territory. Secondly, the transformation of the livestock sector in Kazakhstan is analyzed in historical retrospect. The author argues that the classic type of nomadic cattle breeding began to change from the turn of the 18th–19th centuries, but the most noticeable changes in the composition of the herd and the type of nomadism were observed from the beginning of the 20th century. Thirdly, the formation of the arable farming, the impetus for the development of which was given by Russian colonization, is studied. The beginning of arable farming among nomads in the Kazakh steppe dates to the beginning of the 19th century, but it was fully developed at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries due to the allotment of lands to peasants from Central Russia. Arable farming is most widespread in Akmola, Turgay, Semirechensk and Syr Darya regions. Thus, the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, considered in the paper, proved to be the beginning of the Kazakhstan agricultural split into two independent sectors: Arable farming and livestock farming. Simultaneously the ethnic factor came to the fore, manifested in the division of the spheres of activity, where autochthon population was engaged in nomadic cattle breeding, and Russian immigrants were mostly engaged in seminatural agriculture.
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Jiang, Xiao-Wei, John Cherry, and Li Wan. "Flowing wells: terminology, history and role in the evolution of groundwater science." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): 6001–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-6001-2020.

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Abstract. The gushing of water from flowing wells attracted public attention and scientific curiosity as early as the 17th century, but little attention has been paid to the influence of flowing wells on the evolution of groundwater science. This study asserts that questions posed by flowing wells since the early 19th century led to the birth of many fundamental concepts and principles of physical hydrogeology. Due to the widespread occurrence of flowing wells in basins with regional aquitards, there is a long-lasting misconception that flowing wells could only occur in regionally confined aquifers. However, the recognition of possible occurrence of flowing wells in unconfined aquifers was anticipated at the turn of the 20th century based on observed increases in hydraulic head with depth in topographic lows of basins without apparent aquitards. This was later verified in the 1960s by field and modeling studies that gave birth to quantitative analysis of topographically driven groundwater flow systems, which was a paradigm shift in hydrogeology. Following this paradigm, several preconditions for flowing wells established in the 19th century were found unnecessary. Intermingled in the evolution of flow system concepts are inconsistencies and confusion concerning the use of the term “artesian”, so we propose avoidance of this term. This historical perspective of the causes of flowing well conditions and the influence of flowing wells on groundwater science could lead to a deeper understanding of the evolution of groundwater science and guide future studies on hydraulics of flowing wells.
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Peretyatko, Artyom Yu. "Evolution of Demographic Studies of the Don Host in the Late Imperial Period." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 66, no. 4 (2021): 1063–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2021.402.

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Demographic processes on the territory of the Don Host Oblast (until 1870 — Land) have been studied since the beginning of the 19th century. Therefore, in modern national historiography this topic is considered well researched, and scholars usually do not address it purposely, providing results obtained by pre-revolutionary authors. However, a deeper exploration of the situation reveals that pre-revolutionary authors pointed out serious inaccuracy of the Don statistics. In this paper, for the first time in historiography, it is shown that as far as in the 1860s a prominent statistician N. I. Krasnov highlighted the anomality of the Don statistics and suggested it should be verified via comparison with the experience of world statistical science. But the majority of authors of the second half of the 19th century asserted that the experience of world statistics was inapplicable to The Don Host believing that the regional statistics had to reflect and describe the data but not to analyse it. The paper also shows that due to such an approach the study of the Don demography of the second half of the 19th century has been brought by to a dead end. National historians rely on initially inaccurate data, moreover, its verification by traditional historical methods is impossible. However, the French mathematician N. Bonneuil with the help of the Russian demographer E. V. Fursa developed a mathematical-statistical model to reconstruct demographic processes in the period in question. The article concludes that from a historical point of view this method is also sufficiently reliable, and its application by historians will allow the latter to significantly clarify the features of demography of the pre-revolutionary period.
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Tudor, Brînduşa. "The Piano, A Perfect Musical Instrument – Beginnings and Evolution (18th – 19th Centuries)." Review of Artistic Education 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rae-2019-0010.

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Abstract The 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century mark the emergence, development and affirmation of the piano as a complex instrument that shall take, in turns, the role of soloist instrument, claiming and being able to reach the sound variety of the orchestra, that of partner in chamber music assemblies or that of orchestra member. The emergence, improvement and qualitative performance acquisition adventure of the piano represents a fascinating history about human creativity and ingenuity serving art, beauty, sound expressivity refinement and improvement.
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Magiorkinis, Emmanouil, Aristidis Diamantis, Kalliopi Sidiropoulou, and Christos Panteliadis. "Highights in the History of Epilepsy: The Last 200 Years." Epilepsy Research and Treatment 2014 (August 24, 2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/582039.

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The purpose of this study was to present the evolution of views on epilepsy as a disease and symptom during the 19th and the 20th century. A thorough study of texts, medical books, and reports along with a review of the available literature in PubMed was undertaken. The 19th century is marked by the works of the French medical school and of John Hughlings Jackson who set the research on epilepsy on a solid scientific basis. During the 20th century, the invention of EEG, the advance in neurosurgery, the discovery of antiepileptic drugs, and the delineation of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, were the most significant advances in the field of research in epilepsy. Among the most prestigious physicians connected with epilepsy one can pinpoint the work of Henry Gastaut, Wilder Penfield, and Herbert Jasper. The most recent advances in the field of epilepsy include the development of advanced imaging techniques, the development of microsurgery, and the research on the connection between genetic factors and epileptic seizures.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Evolution History 19th century"

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Downs, Jill D. "The evolution of drug store architecture in the United States." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1231399.

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This research studied the changes in the design of the American drug store from the 1800s to the present. The changing demands of the customer primarily have driven the design evolution. Drug stores of the nineteenth century were typically located on busy street corners alongside storefronts with similar architecture. Inside, they were long, dark, and narrow, and pharmaceuticals and goods were sold from behind glass display cases. During the first half of the twentieth century, modernization and convenience for the customer transformed the drug store into a large, bright, and open store in mall space featuring self-service, food service, and a wider variety of retail goods. The later years of the century saw a loss of food service, the construction of freestanding buildings with ample parking space at busy intersections, and drive-thru pharmacies. These changes were seen in most drug stores regardless of their geographical location in the United States.
Department of Architecture
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Campbell, James Dunbar. ""The army isn't all work" : physical culture in the evolution of the British army, 1860-1920 /." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/CampbellJD2003.pdf.

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Clark, Cullen T. "Congregational polity and associational authority : the evolution of Nonconformity in Britain, 1765-1865." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/23091.

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Following the Evangelical Awakening, many of the Nonconformist traditions experienced an evolution in their ecclesiastical structure, resulting in the formation of new associations that frequently acted to establish pragmatic agencies like missionary societies, educational boards and social charities. The transition required new expressions of authority. Understanding the nature of this authority is the chief objective of this study. Chapter One introduces the various themes and goals of the study. Chapter Two explores the Hampshire Congregational Union. In addition to the Union’s structure, David Bogue and the Gosport Academy were central to this group’s identity. Chapter Three focuses on the Lancashire Congregational Union in the North West of England, home to William Roby, the central figure within Lancashire Congregationalism. Chapter Four covers the Lancashire and Yorkshire Baptist Association and the later Lancashire and Cheshire Baptist Association, where John Fawcett was the primary influence. The New Connexion of General Baptists, Chapter Five, was under the authoritative direction of Dan Taylor, a former Methodist and a zealous evangelist. Chapter Six analyses the Scotch Baptists. Peculiar among Baptists, it was created under the leadership of Archibald McLean. The British Churches of Christ, Chapter Seven, closely resembled the Scotch Baptists but were different in some fundamental ways. Finally, in Chapter Eight, patterns of associational authority among these associations will be compared and assessed. Authority among Nonconformist associations, particularly those denominations practising congregational polity, was exercised on the grounds of doctrinal purity and evangelistic expansion. As the nineteenth century continued, the organisational structures grew more complex. In turn, increased control was voluntarily granted to the organisations’ governing bodies so they might more efficiently minister. Following the Awakening, these voluntary bodies found new life as a pragmatic expression of Evangelical zeal.
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Blubaugh, Chris. "James K. Polk: Territorial Expansionist and the Evolution of Presidential Power." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1366285865.

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Methot, Pierre-Olivier. "Historical epistemology of the concept of virulence : molecular, ecological, and evolutionary perspectives on emerging infectious diseases in the 19th and 20th century." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3494.

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This thesis focuses on the trajectory of the biomedical concept of virulence from 1880 until the present. Following the concept across disciplinary boundaries, from a longue durée history perspective, it explores how virulence was shaped through two distinct, although sometimes overlapping, “styles of reasoning”. Located at the intersection of several distinct research domains in biology and medicine, the concept of virulence provides, in addition, a window into the complex and changing relations between evolutionary biology and the health sciences (broadly construed) over the past two centuries. Moving back and forth between field experiments and the laboratory, this work examines, through the lens of historical epistemology, the emergence of what I call the molecular and the ecological styles, and their respective conceptual practices. It focuses on the ways in which these styles operationalize the distinction between virulent or avirulent organisms in sometimes opposite sense: Whereas in the molecular (or endogenous) style the expression of virulence is explained by properties of internal structures of the infectious agent (e.g. polysaccharide capsule, virulence gene, or pathogenicity island), the concept of virulence in the ecological (or exogenous) style reflects, in contrast, either a lack of adaptation between two species (avirulence hypothesis) or the existence of one or more ecological compromises between, say, the mode of transmission of a pathogen and its host’s recovery rate (trade-off model). Both styles can be said to originate in the medical bacteriology of the late-nineteenth century, but while the former grew mostly out of the work of Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch in Europe, the latter was primarily shaped by Theobald Smith in the United States. Nearly a century later, the introduction of the category of emerging infectious disease within public health discourses in the mid-1990s facilitated a rapprochement between the two styles that had, so far, remained apart. Employing the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic as an example in which to illustrate the trajectory of the molecular and the ecological approaches, the diversity of explanatory schemes developed to account for the pandemic’s exceptional virulence points toward an unresolved, and yet productive, epistemic tension between the two styles, on the one hand, and the intrinsic polarity of the concept of virulence itself, on the other.
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Mayo-Bobee, Dinah. "Shaping the Nation: Early 19th Century America." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/731.

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Bloom, Kelly. "Orientalism in French 19th Century Art." Thesis, Boston College, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/477.

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Thesis advisor: Jeffery Howe
The Orient has been a mythical, looming presence since the foundation of Islam in the 7th century. It has always been the “Other” that Edward Said wrote about in his 1979 book Orientalism. The gulf of misunderstanding between the myth and the reality of the Near East still exists today in the 21st century. Napoleon's invasion of Egypt in 1798 and the subsequent colonization of the Near East is perhaps the defining moment in the Western perception of the Near East. At the beginning of modern colonization, Napoleon and his companions arrived in the Near East convinced of their own superiority and authority; they were Orientalists. The supposed superiority of Europeans justified the colonization of Islamic lands. Said never specifically wrote about art; however, his theories on colonialism and Orientalism still apply. Linda Nochlin first made use of them in her article “The Imaginary Orient” from 1983. Artists such as Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Eugène Delacroix and Jean-Léon Gérôme demonstrate Said's idea of representing the Islamic “Other” as a culturally inferior and backward people, especially in their portrayal of women. The development of photography in the late 19th century added another dimension to this view of the Orient, with its seemingly objective viewpoint
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2004
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Fine Arts
Discipline: College Honors Program
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Schulz, Carsten-Andreas. "On the standing of states : Latin America in nineteenth-century international society." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:05459d05-0dfa-4220-bbdc-42e3df63d71a.

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The present dissertation offers a critical examination of the place accorded to Latin American states in the English School account of the expansion of international society. It pursues two aims. First, the study contributes to understanding the nature and scope of international order, and its historical transformation over the course of the 'long nineteenth century'. Because of the profound impact that European colonization had on the region, the English School has conventionally treated the entry of Latin American states into international society as an unproblematic historical fact achieved with diplomatic recognition in the 1820s. The crucial cases of Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico, however, indicate that more attention needs to the paid to the hierarchical nature of the international order. The central argument of this historical-comparative study posits that the three Latin American states were recognized diplomatically, but they were not regarded as fully-fledged members of the community of 'civilized' states. Second, the dissertation examines the implications of hierarchy in international politics. Building on a critique of the legal-formalist conception of 'standing' in English School theorizing, three ideal-typical dimensions of international stratification are identified: the distribution of material capabilities (stature), the function states perform in international society (role), and estimations of honour and prestige (status) among states. The interpretative framework sheds light on how agents understand international society, and the way in which they deal with its hierarchical nature. The study analyzes how Latin American elites perceived the standing of their state, and how these perceptions shaped politics through their corresponding 'logics of social action'. The study finds that nineteenth-century elites in Argentina, Mexico, and Brazil conceived of the standing of their states predominantly in terms of status, and demonstrates how these perceptions informed politics.
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Schneider, Ulrich Johannes. "Teaching the history of philosophy in 19th-century Germany." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-161196.

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What does it mean to do philosophy historically, and when does the legend of philosophy begin? When Hegel tried to give a logical explanation of philosophy's history, was he doing the same thing as Eduard Zeller in his account of Creek thought, or Kuno Fischer in his narrative of modern philosophy? l do not believe so, and I shall sugges t in the following that we should carefully differentiate between the different activities commonly referred to as the history of philosophy. I will point out the enormous productivity of the 19th century in terms of printed books devoted to the history of philosophy. I will also point to the context in which these were produced and used rather than examining individual works or authors. There is an entirely new context in the 19th century, which is the study of philosophy. A proper culture developed around the historical interest in philosophy, and it is this culture I want to sketch here.
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Schneider, Ulrich Johannes. "Teaching the history of philosophy in 19th-century Germany." Teaching new histories of philosophy / ed. by J. B. Schneewind. Princeton 2004, S. 275 - 295 ISBN 0-9763726-0-6, 2004. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A12120.

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What does it mean to do philosophy historically, and when does the legend of philosophy begin? When Hegel tried to give a logical explanation of philosophy''s history, was he doing the same thing as Eduard Zeller in his account of Creek thought, or Kuno Fischer in his narrative of modern philosophy? l do not believe so, and I shall sugges t in the following that we should carefully differentiate between the different activities commonly referred to as the history of philosophy. I will point out the enormous productivity of the 19th century in terms of printed books devoted to the history of philosophy. I will also point to the context in which these were produced and used rather than examining individual works or authors. There is an entirely new context in the 19th century, which is the study of philosophy. A proper culture developed around the historical interest in philosophy, and it is this culture I want to sketch here.
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Books on the topic "Evolution History 19th century"

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Bashshur, Rashid. History of telemedicine: Evolution, context, and transformation. New Rochelle, NY: Mary Ann Liebert, 2009.

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William, Shannon Gary, ed. The history of telemedicine: Evolution, context, and transformation. New Rochelle, NY: Mary Ann Liebert, 2009.

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Brech, E. F. L. The evolution of modern management. [Bristol, England]: Thoemmes, 2002.

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X-ray vision: The evolution of medical imaging and its human implications. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.

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Charles Hodges' critique of Darwinism: An historical-critical analysis of concepts basic to the 19th century debate. Lewiston, N.Y: E. Mellen Press, 1988.

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Ellegȧrd, Alvar. Darwin and the general reader: The reception of Darwin's theory of evolution in the British periodical press, 1859-1872. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.

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Tadeusz, Rachwał, and Sławek Tadeusz, eds. Organs, organisms, organisations: Organic form in 19th-century discourse. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2000.

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Junker, Thomas. Darwinismus und Botanik: Rezeption, Kritik und theoretische Alternativen im Deutschland des 19. Jahrhunderts. Stuttgart: In Kommission, Deutscher Apotheker Verlag, 1989.

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Morena, Francesco. Chinoiserie: The evolution of the Oriental style in Italy from the 14th to the 19th century. Firenze: Centro Di, 2009.

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Chinoiserie: The evolution of the Oriental style in Italy from the 14th to the 19th century. Firenze: Centro Di, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Evolution History 19th century"

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Hawkes, Dean. "Tradition and Science: The Evolution of Environmental Architecture in Britain from 16th to 19th Century." In Addressing the Climate in Modern Age's Construction History, 131–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04465-7_6.

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Thoen, Erik. "A ‘commercial survival economy’ in evolution. The Flemish countryside and the transition to capitalism (Middle Ages–19th century)." In Comparative Rural History of the North Sea Area, 102–57. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.corn-eb.3.287.

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Hall, Robert A. "19th-Century Italian." In The History of Linguistics in Italy, 227. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.33.11jal.

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Driel, Lodewijk van. "19th-Century Linguistics." In The History of Linguistics in the Low Countries, 221. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.64.10dri.

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Devillers, Charles, and Jean Chaline. "The Theory of Evolution — The 19th Century Concepts." In Evolution, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77022-7_1.

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Roberts, Adam. "Early 19th-Century SF." In The History of Science Fiction, 121–49. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56957-8_6.

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Vannatta, Seth. "The 19th Century and History." In Conservatism and Pragmatism, 57–73. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137466839_4.

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Gallarotti, Giulio M. "The 19th century conferences." In A History of International Monetary Diplomacy, 1867 to the Present, 49–75. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315732435-3.

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Aron, Cindy S. "The Evolution of the Middle Class." In A Companion to 19th-Century America, 178–91. Malden, Massachusetts, USA: Blackwell Publishers Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470998472.ch14.

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Green, Michael D., and Theda Perdue. "Native-American History." In A Companion to 19th-Century America, 209–22. Malden, Massachusetts, USA: Blackwell Publishers Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470998472.ch16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Evolution History 19th century"

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Roelofs, Michelle B. "Mass Timber: 19 Century to Today." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0634.

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<p>New mass timber technologies are entering the US market allowing for innovative, sustainable, and affordable designs. As the market embraces mass timber it is important to reflect on the history of mass timber and to learn best practices to ensure sustainable growth of this sector. This paper will discuss the evolution of mass timber in three parts:</p><p>19th Century: Large sawn timbers were used to construct impressive warehouse structures that still remain functional and beautiful in our cities today. Logging practices of this era led to deforestation in parts of the Americas before the rise of steel and concrete as dominant building materials.</p><p>20th Century: Mass timber using adhesives emerged in the 20th century. The novel idea of adhering small dimensioned lumber together to create massive elements is the genesis of all modern mass timber technology. This practice allows for timber to be sustainably harvested for structural applications.</p><p>21st Century: Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) has quickly shifted from a bespoke building material to an affordable system being used to address the pressing need for affordable housing. 475 W. 18<span>th</span> St is a model project that was used to compare the carbon impact of building a multi-family residential building as compared to conventional reinforced concrete.</p>
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Günther, Martin. "Liedbegleitung und künstlerische Identität. Zur Zusammenarbeit Clara Schumanns mit Julius Stockhausen." In Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Musikforschung 2019. Paderborn und Detmold. Musikwissenschaftliches Seminar der Universität Paderborn und der Hochschule für Musik Detmold, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25366/2020.84.

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Clara Schumann’s impact on the history of piano playing and the development of 19th century concert life can hardly be denied. But understanding her pianistic career in terms of the work of a modern soloist covers the fact that she actually spent a large amount of time on stage not alone but performing together with colleagues. Taking a closer look at Clara Schumann’s collaboration with the baritone Julius Stockhausen, this article provides special insight into this field of her professional life: In addition to uncovering the contexts of collective concert programming and its reception it sheds light on the evolution of the Lied accompanist’s artistic identity in general and Clara Schumann’s specific ideal of communicating through musical performance.
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Ismail, Amnah Saay, B. Jalal, M. Md Saman, and Wan Kamal Mujani. "19th Century Pahang Islamic Scholars in 'A History of Pahang'." In 2017 International Conference on Education, Economics and Management Research (ICEEMR 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceemr-17.2017.49.

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Sanchez, Justin C. "Co-Evolution of Human and Machine: Neuroprosthetics in the 21st Century." In 2009 IEEE Conference on the History of Technical Societies. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hts.2009.5337819.

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NECHITA, Constantin. "DECLINE HISTORY OF OAKS IN 20TH CENTURY FOR ROMANIAN EXTRA-CARPATHIAN REGIONS." In 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/3.2/s14.087.

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Badaeva, Larisa Alaudinovna, Iman Salmirzaevna Batsaeva, and Fatima Getagashevna Kunacheva. "On History Of Idea Of Federal Union With Highlanders In 19Th Century." In International Conference on Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.11.245.

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Tleubekova, G. "Late 19th – early 20th century European travelers account of the nomadic people of Central Asia." In Scientific dialogue: Questions of philosophy, sociology, history, political science. ЦНК МОАН, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/spc-01-07-2020-05.

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Hartatik, Hartatik, Eko Herwanto, and Bambang S. W. Atmojo. "The Industry and Iron Trade on Barito Watershed in 17th-19th Century AD." In 9th Asbam International Conference (Archeology, History, & Culture In The Nature of Malay) (ASBAM 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220408.007.

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Stansfield, Billy, and William B. Ouimet. "HISTORY, MAPPING, AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 18TH – 19TH CENTURY RELICT CHARCOAL HEARTHS IN EASTERN CONNECTICUT." In 54th Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019ne-328410.

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Mahroug, E., and A. Belakehal. "The evolution of heritage atmospheres in the medina of Tunis since the 19th century." In ISLAMIC HERITAGE ARCHITECTURE AND ART 2016. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/iha160141.

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Reports on the topic "Evolution History 19th century"

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Flandreau, Marc, Stefano Pietrosanti, and Carlotta Schuster. Why do Sovereign Borrowers Post Collateral? Evidence from the 19th Century. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp167.

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This paper explores the reasons why sovereign borrowers post collateral. Such behavior is paradoxical because conventional interpretations of collateral stress repossession of the assets pledged as the key to securing lenders against information asymmetries and moral hazard. However, repossession is generally difficult in the case of sovereign debt and in some cases impossible. Nevertheless, such sovereign “hypothecations” have a long history and are again becoming very popular today in developing countries. To explain sovereign collateralization, we emphasize an informational channel. Posting collateral produces information on opaque borrowers by displaying borrowers’ behavior and resources. We support this interpretation by examining the hypothecation “mania” of 1849-1875, when sovereigns borrowing in the London Stock Exchange pledged all kinds of intangible revenues. Yet, at that time, sovereign immunity fully protected both sovereigns and their assets and possessions. Still, we show that hypothecations significantly decreased the cost of sovereign debt. To explain how, we stress the pledges’ role in documenting sovereigns’ wealth and the management of revenue streams. Based on an exhaustive library of bond prospectuses collected from primary sources, matched with a panel of sovereign bond yields and an innovative measure of sovereign fiscal transparency, we show that collateral minutely described in debt covenants served to document and monitor sovereign resources and development prospects. Encasing this information in contracts written by lawyers served to certify the quality of the resulting data disclosure process, explaining investors’ readiness to pay a premium.
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Blaxter, Tamsin, and Tara Garnett. Primed for power: a short cultural history of protein. TABLE, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56661/ba271ef5.

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Protein has a singularly prominent place in discussions about food. It symbolises fitness, strength and masculinity, motherhood and care. It is the preferred macronutrient of affluence and education, the mark of a conscientious diet in wealthy countries and of wealth and success elsewhere. Through its association with livestock it stands for pastoral beauty and tradition. It is the high-tech food of science fiction, and in discussions of changing agricultural systems it is the pivotal nutrient around which good and bad futures revolve. There is no denying that we need protein and that engaging with how we produce and consume it is a crucial part of our response to the environmental crises. But discussions of these issues are affected by their cultural context—shaped by the power of protein. Given this, we argue that it is vital to map that cultural power and understand its origins. This paper explores the history of nutritional science and international development in the Global North with a focus on describing how protein gained its cultural meanings. Starting in the first half of the 19th century and running until the mid-1970s, it covers two previous periods when protein rose to singular prominence in food discourse: in the nutritional science of the late-19th century, and in international development in the post-war era. Many parallels emerge, both between these two eras and in comparison with the present day. We hope that this will help to illuminate where and why the symbolism and story of protein outpace the science—and so feed more nuanced dialogue about the future of food.
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Burns-Dans, Elizabeth, Alexandra Wallis, and Deborah Gare. A History of the Architects Board of Western Australia, 1921-2021. The Architects Board of Western Australia and The University of Notre Dame Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32613/reports/2021.1.

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An economic and population boom in the 1890s created opportunities for architects to find work and fame in Western Australia. Architecture, therefore, became a viable profession for the first time, and the number of practicing architects in the colony (and then state) quickly grew. Associations such as the Western Australian Institute of Architects were established to organise the profession, but as the number of architects grew and Western Australian society matured, it became evident that a role for government was required to ensure practice standards and consumer protection. In 1921, therefore, the Architects Act was passed, and, in the following year, the Architects Board of Western Australia was launched. This report traces the evolution and transformation of professional architectural practice since then, and evaluates the role and impact of the Board in its first century.
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Tyson, Paul. Sovereignty and Biosecurity: Can we prevent ius from disappearing into dominium? Mέta | Centre for Postcapitalist Civilisation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55405/mwp3en.

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Drawing on Milbank and Agamben, a politico-juridical anthropology matrix can be drawn describing the relations between ius and bios (justice and political life) on the one hand and dominium and zoe (private power and ‘bare life’) on the other hand. Mapping movements in the basic configurations of this matrix over the long sweep of Western cultural history enable us to see where we are currently situated in relation to the nexus between politico-juridical authority (sovereignty) and the emergency use of executive State powers in the context of biosecurity. The argument presented is that pre-19th century understandings of ius and bios presupposed transcendent categories of Justice and the Common Good that were not naturalistically defined. The very recent idea of a purely naturalistic naturalism has made distinctions between bios and zoe un-locatable and civic ius is now disappearing into a strangely ‘private’ total power (dominium) over the bodies of citizens, as exercised by the State. The very meaning of politico-juridical authority and the sovereignty of the State is undergoing radical change when viewed from a long perspective. This paper suggests that the ancient distinction between power and authority is becoming meaningless, and that this loss erodes the ideas of justice and political life in the Western tradition. Early modern capitalism still retained at least the theory of a Providential moral order, but since the late 19th century, morality has become fully naturalized and secularized, such that what moral categories Classical economics had have been radically instrumentalized since. In the postcapitalist neoliberal world order, no high horizon of just power –no spiritual conception of sovereignty– remains. The paper argues that the reduction of authority to power, which flows from the absence of any traditional conception of sovereignty, is happening with particular ease in Australia, and that in Australia it is only the Indigenous attempt to have their prior sovereignty –as a spiritual reality– recognized that is pushing back against the collapse of political authority into mere executive power.
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Flandreau, Marc. Pari Passu Lost and Found: The Origins of Sovereign Bankruptcy 1798-1873. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp186.

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Verdicts returned by modern courts of justice in the context of sovereign debt lawsuits have upheld a ratable (proportional) interpretation of so-called “pari passu” clauses in debt contracts which, literally, promise creditors they will be dealt with equitably. Such verdicts have given individual creditors the right to interfere with payments to others, in situation where the sovereign had failed to make proportional payments. Contract originalists argue that this interpretation of pari passu clauses has no historical foundation. Historically, they claim, pari passu clauses never granted individual creditors a unilateral right to block payments to other bondholders assenting to a government debt restructuring proposal. This article shows this claim is incorrect. Drawing on novel archival research, it argues that pari passu clauses find one potent historical origin in the operation of a now forgotten sovereign bankruptcy tribunal, the London stock exchange. Under the law of the stock exchange, departure from ratable payments did create a unilateral right for individual creditors to interfere with sovereign debt discharges. In fact, ratable distributions provided the touchstone for the stock exchange sanctioned sovereign debt discharge system. What is more, sophisticated contract drafters availed themselves of the logic. The result was a weaponization of pari passu clauses, and their inscription into sovereign debt covenants in the 19th century. The article concludes that the modern debate on the role of clauses in sovereign debt contracts cannot be held without thorough reconsideration of the history of sovereign bankruptcy.
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Oltarzhevskyi, Dmytro. HISTORICAL FEATURES OF CORPORATE MEDIA FORMATION IN UKRAINE AND IN THE WORLD. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11067.

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The article examines the world and Ukrainian history of corporate periodicals. The main purpose of this study is to reproduce an objective global picture of the emergence and formation of corporate periodicals, taking into account the business and socio-economic context. Accordingly, its tasks are to compare the conditions and features of corporate media genesis in different countries, to determine the main factors of their development, as well as to clarify the transformations of the terminological apparatus. The research is based on mostly foreign secondary scientific works published from 1915 to the present time. The literature was studied using methods such as overview, historical, functional and thematic analysis, description, and generalization. A systematic approach was used to determine the role and place of each element in the system, as well as to comprehensively consider the object in the general historical context and within the current scientific discourse. The method of systematization made it possible to establish internal and external connections, patterns and contradictions in the development of the object of study. The main historical milestones on this path are identified, examples of the first successful corporate publications and their contribution to business development, public relations, and corporate communications are considered. It was found that corporate media emerged in the mid-nineteenth century spontaneously, on the wave of practical business needs in response to industrialization, company increase, staff growth, and consumer market development. Their appearance preceded the formation of the public relations industry and changed the structure of the information space. The scientific significance of this research is that the historical look at the evolution of corporate media provides an understanding of their place, influence, capabilities, and growing communicative role in the digital age.
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