Academic literature on the topic 'Évolution des archées'
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Journal articles on the topic "Évolution des archées"
Azoulay, M., A. S. Léger, and B. Lachaux. "Malades difficiles d’hier à aujourd’hui : à partir d’une étude réalisée à l’UMD Henri-Colin." European Psychiatry 28, S2 (November 2013): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.09.239.
Full textHumbert, Sylvie, Denis Salas, Soudabeh Marin, and Christiane Besnier. "I – Genèse et évolution d'une profession." Les Cahiers de la Justice N° 4, no. 4 (January 18, 2024): 563–627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cdlj.2304.0563.
Full textRicard, Bruno. "Les archives en France : un cadre juridique en évolution." La Gazette des archives 244, no. 4 (2016): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/gazar.2016.5416.
Full textde Chantal, Jean. "Bibliothèques et archives du Tiers-Monde : problèmes et perspectives." Documentation et bibliothèques 21, no. 2 (January 16, 2019): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1055500ar.
Full textLespérance, Michel. "Bref historique des grandes réalisations de la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l’Université de Montréal (1966-2016)." Archives 46, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1040376ar.
Full textRambaud, Isabelle. "Archives et musées en Seine-et-Marne : héritage et évolution." La Gazette des archives 226, no. 2 (2012): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/gazar.2012.4922.
Full textDaoudi, Laëtitia, and Marie Sanchez. "Les archives de la métropole Rouen Normandie : témoignage d’une intercommunalité en évolution." La Gazette des archives 244, no. 4 (2016): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/gazar.2016.5406.
Full textMaral, Clément. "La fabrique archivistique des « affaires Dreyfus » : histoire, évolutions, préconisations." Revue historique 706, no. 2 (June 13, 2023): 325–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhis.232.0325.
Full textGueit-Montchal, Lydiane. "La diffusion des instruments de recherche : vingt ans de pratique et de réflexion." La Gazette des archives 261, no. 1 (2021): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/gazar.2021.6029.
Full textAdada, Aurore. "Un rendez-vous avec l'administration ottomane : le mode de fonctionnement du tribunal char'i de Beyrouth au XIXe siècle." Chronos 27 (March 21, 2019): 169–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31377/chr.v27i0.409.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Évolution des archées"
Badel, Catherine. "Eléments génétiques mobiles et évolution génomique chez les Archées Thermococcales." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS168.
Full textGenomes rapidly evolve through rearrangements that can generate new genome organizations or lead to the acquisition of foreign coding sequences or the loss of non-essential functions. Several mechanisms of rearrangement were uncovered for Archaea, Bacteria and Eukaryotes that involve mobile genetic elements (MGE). Species from the archaeal genera Thermococcus present numerous genomic inversions but none of the previously known inversion drivers. To better understand the genomic evolution of Thermococcales, I investigated two of their MGE families: the pTN3 and pT26-2 plasmid families. Specifically, I focused on the tyrosine recombinases (or integrase) that these plasmids encode and that catalyze their site-specific integration in the host chromosome. I demonstrated that the plasmidic integrase Intᵖᵀᴺ³ is responsible for chromosomal inversions in the host Thermococcus nautili through an unprecedented homologous recombination catalytic activity. I also characterized two other related Thermococcus integrases and only one catalyzes homologous recombination. The structure resolution of Intᵖᵀᴺ³ and primary sequence comparisons will now provide clues about the genetic determinants of site specificity and of the homologous recombination activity. The three integrases all belong to an archaeal-specific class of integrases that catalyzes a suicidal integration. The integrase gene is partitioned and presumably inactivated upon integration. The integrated MGE is then trapped into the chromosome. The evolutionary benefits of this suicide activity are puzzling. I identified 62 related suicidal hyperthermophilic integrases and reconstructed their evolutionary history. They are highly prevalent and recruited by diverse MGE. I also showed that one of these integrases can catalyze in vitro site-specific recombination at near boiling water temperature, representing an advantage in hyperthermophilic environments
Aouad, Monique. "Phylogenomic study of the evolutionary history of the Archaea and their link with eukaryogenesis." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1246.
Full textThe burst of sequencing data has helped disentangling most of the phylogenetic relationships in Archaea. Nevertheless, many questions remain to be addressed both at the level of the archaeal domain and at the level of the three domains of life. Among them, the phylogenetic relationships inside the cluster II, in particular the position of extreme halophilic archaeal lineages relatively to the methanogens which have been placed at different positions in the tree based on the different markers and reconstruction models used, as well as the position of the root of the Archaea and the position of the eukaryotes in the light of the newly sequenced archaeal lineages. During my thesis, I have contributed to (i) refine the phylogeny of the archaeal domain by focusing on the phylogenetic relationships among the cluster II Archaea, in particular the positions of the extreme halophilic lineages through dedicated analyses focusing on this specific part of the archaeal tree, and (ii) establish a global phylogeny of the Archaea to understand their early evolutionary history and their link with the eukaryotes through a large-scale two-step phylogenomic analysis at the level of the three domains of life. First, using comparative genomics approaches on 155 complete genomes belonging to the Halobacteria, Nanohaloarchaea, methanogens class II, Archaeoglobales, and Diaforarchaea, I have identified 258 proteins carrying a reliable phylogenetic signal to investigate the position of the extreme halophilic lineages in Archaea. By combining different approaches limiting the impact of non-phylogenetic signal on phylogenetic inference (like the Slow Fast method and the recoding of amino acids), I showed that the Nanohaloarchaea branch with Methanocellales, and Halobacteria branch with Methanomicrobiales. This dataset has been subsequently used to investigate the position of a third extreme halophilic lineage, the Methanonatronarchaeia, which I showed to branch in between the Archaeoglobales and Diaforarchaea. These results suggest that adaption to high salinity emerged at least three times independently in Archaea, and that the phenotypic similarities observed in Nanohaloarchaea, Halobacteria, and Methanonatronarchaeia likely result from convergent evolution, possibly accompanied by horizontal gene transfers. Finally, these results suggest that the basal grouping of Nanohaloarchaea with other DPANN lineages is likely the consequence of a tree reconstruction artefact. For the second part of my thesis, I have applied a strategy consisting in separately analyzing the three domains of life two by two, by updating 72 protein families previously identified by Raymann and colleagues (2015) to include all novel archaeal lineages that were sequenced since the publication of this study like the Asgard, the DPANN, the Stygia, the Acherontia, etc. In total, my taxonomic sampling includes 435 archaea, 18 eukaryotes, and 67 bacteria. The results of the Slow-Fast method supported a root of the Archaea lying between a basal DPANN superphylum and the rest of the Archaea separated into two monophyletic groups: the cluster I and cluster II as described by Raymann and colleagues (2015), and showed that the monophyly of the Euryarchaeota is supported only by the fast-evolving sites. My results also placed the eukaryotes as the sister group to the TACK superphylum and showed that their sister grouping with the Asgard is linked to the fast-evolving sites. These results have major implications on the inferences of the nature of the last common archaeal ancestor and the subsequent evolutionary history of this domain that led to the rise of the first eukaryotic cell
Raymann, Kasie. "Reconstructing the evolutionary relationships between archaea and eukaryotes : a phylogenomic approach." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066605/document.
Full textIt is widely accepted that there exist an evolutionary relationship between Archaea and Eukaryotes, but the exact nature of this relationship is hotly debated. In this thesis I have taken advantage of the large available genomic data to investigate the issue through two complementary phylogenomic approaches: (i) the analysis of a specific archaeal cellular system with an evolutionary link to eukaryotes, and (ii) a large-scale phylogenomic analysis at the level of the three domains of life. In the first study, I carried out a detailed analysis of a cellular system with an evolutionary link between Archaea and Eukaryotes, DNA replication. I performed an exhaustive phylogenomic analysis of the components of DNA replication in all complete archaeal genomes. This allowed me to accurately assign them in terms of orthology, paralogy, horizontal gene transfers, and copies originating from mobile elements. My results provide a full picture of the diversity of DNA replication among different lineages, and allowed me to infer the presence of a modern-type DNA replication machinery in the last archaeal common ancestor. I was able to clarify the evolutionary history that shaped this key cellular machinery during archaeal diversification. My study allowed me to highlight a new set of markers that provide information on yet unclear evolutionary relationships within archaea. In addition, I analyzed, for the first time, the phylogenetic signal carried by DNA replication components. This is highly consistent with that harbored by two other key informational machineries, translation and transcription, strengthening the existence of a robust organismal tree for the Archaea. Finally, most of the components inferred to have been present in the archaeal ancestor are shared with eukaryotes, allowing discussion on the evolutionary relationships between Archaea and Eukaryotes
Raymann, Kasie. "Reconstructing the evolutionary relationships between archaea and eukaryotes : a phylogenomic approach." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2014PA066605.pdf.
Full textIt is widely accepted that there exist an evolutionary relationship between Archaea and Eukaryotes, but the exact nature of this relationship is hotly debated. In this thesis I have taken advantage of the large available genomic data to investigate the issue through two complementary phylogenomic approaches: (i) the analysis of a specific archaeal cellular system with an evolutionary link to eukaryotes, and (ii) a large-scale phylogenomic analysis at the level of the three domains of life. In the first study, I carried out a detailed analysis of a cellular system with an evolutionary link between Archaea and Eukaryotes, DNA replication. I performed an exhaustive phylogenomic analysis of the components of DNA replication in all complete archaeal genomes. This allowed me to accurately assign them in terms of orthology, paralogy, horizontal gene transfers, and copies originating from mobile elements. My results provide a full picture of the diversity of DNA replication among different lineages, and allowed me to infer the presence of a modern-type DNA replication machinery in the last archaeal common ancestor. I was able to clarify the evolutionary history that shaped this key cellular machinery during archaeal diversification. My study allowed me to highlight a new set of markers that provide information on yet unclear evolutionary relationships within archaea. In addition, I analyzed, for the first time, the phylogenetic signal carried by DNA replication components. This is highly consistent with that harbored by two other key informational machineries, translation and transcription, strengthening the existence of a robust organismal tree for the Archaea. Finally, most of the components inferred to have been present in the archaeal ancestor are shared with eukaryotes, allowing discussion on the evolutionary relationships between Archaea and Eukaryotes
Lombard, Jonathan. "Origines et évolution des voies de synthèse des phospholipides dans les trois domaines du vivant. Implications pour la nature des membranes du cenancêtre." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00819686.
Full textGhanmi, Fadoua. "Production, purification et caractérisation de peptides antimicrobiens d’archées halophiles isolées de la saline de Sfax en Tunisie." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0016/document.
Full textThe solar saltern of Sfax is a hypersaline located in the central area of the eastern coast of Tunisia. In this study, we isolated, identified, and characterized halophilic strains producing antimicrobial peptides (halocins), aiming to understand their role in microbial interactions in hypersaline environments. Two ponds (TS18, 390 g.L-1 NaCl and M1, 200 g.L-1 NaCl) were selected for sampling. Thirty-five halophilic strains have been isolated and characterized, among which 11 displayed antimicrobial activity. Three of them produced antimicrobial substances of proteinaceous nature. Using PCR and RT-PCR, we have demonstrated that Halobacterium salinarum ETD5 and ETD8 express the gene encoding halocin S8, a 3.6 kDa peptide previously isolated from a strain S8 unidentified. The peptide was purified from cultures of strain Hbt. salinarum ETD5. Following bioguided purification, the active fractions revealed two protein bands of 8 and 14 kDa exhibiting antimicrobial activity. N-terminal sequencing and mass spectrometry analyses allowed identification of these two halocins. The 8 kDa band corresponds to halocin S8, undergoing a different proteolytic post-translational processing from that originallydescribed. Cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding the precursor of halocin S8 showed that the sequence is identical for both strains ETD5 and S8a. The 14 kDa band is a new halocin termed halocin S14. Halocin S14 corresponds to an N-terminally truncated portion of the archaeal Mnsuperoxide dismutase (SOD). This could result from divergent evolution of a gene encoding two distinct proteins, or a different post-translational processing of SOD. Our study helps to better understand which molecules are involved in microbial interactions within hypersaline environments and and how they contribute to the competitions in such extreme environments, which are susceptible to give rise to original structures and modes of action
Megrian, Nuñez Daniela. "Phylogenomic approaches to uncover the diversity and evolution of the bacterial cell envelope." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS349.
Full textThe bacterial envelope is one of the oldest and most fundamental cellular structures. Yet, many aspects of its diversity and evolutionary history are unknown. In this thesis I have taken advantage of the large available genomic data to investigate the issue through a large-scale phylogenomic and comparative genomic analyses at the level of Bacteria. The two goals of this doctoral work were (i) to identify putative new diderm lineages in the Firmicutes to illuminate the monoderm/diderm transition, and (ii) to elucidate the evolutionary history of the cell envelope in Bacteria and infer its nature in the LBCA. To sum up, the results I obtained during this thesis provide a timely and significant advancement to our understanding of the diversity and evolution of the cell envelope, and on one of the major transitions in the history of Bacteria, that between monoderms and diderms
Groussin, Mathieu. "Résurrection du passé à l’aide de modèles hétérogènes d’évolution des séquences protéiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10201/document.
Full textThe molecular reconstruction and resurrection of ancestral proteins is the major issue tackled in this thesis manuscript. While fossil molecular data are almost nonexistent, phylogenetic methods allow to estimate what were the most likely ancestral protein sequences along a phylogenetic tree describing the relationships between extant sequences. With these ancestral sequences, several biological hypotheses can be tested, from the evolution of protein function to the inference of ancient environments in which the ancestors were adatapted. These probabilistic estimations of ancestral sequences depend on substitution models giving the different probabilities of substitution between all pairs of amino acids. Classicaly, substitution models assume in a simplistic way that the evolutionary process remains homogeneous (constant) among sites of the multiple sequence alignment or between lineages. During the last decade, several methodological improvements were realised, with the description of substitution models allowing to account for the heterogeneity of the process among sites and in time. During my thesis, I developed new heterogeneous substitution models in Maximum Likelihood that were proved to better fit the data than any other homogeneous or heterogeneous models. I also demonstrated their better performance regarding the accuracy of ancestral sequence reconstruction. With the use of these models to reconstruct or resurrect ancestral proteins, my coworkers and I showed the adapation to temperature is a major determinant of evolutionary rates in Archaea. Furthermore, we also deciphed the nature of the phylogenetic signal informing substitution models to infer a non-parsimonious scenario for the adaptation to temperature during early Life on Earth, with a non-hyperthermophilic last universal common ancestor living at lower temperatures than its two descendants. Finally, we showed that the use of heterogeneous models allow to improve the functionality of resurrected proteins, opening the way to a better understanding of evolutionary mechanisms acting on biological sequences
Petitjean, Celine. "Phylogénie et évolution des Archaea, une approche phylogénomique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070633.
Full textDenise, Rémi. "Co-option de systèmes moléculaires complexes de la membrane bactérienne et archéenne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS602.
Full textProcess of molecular innovation require tinkering and the co-option of existing genes. But this process remains poorly understood on long evolutionary scales. During this thesis, I analyzed the evolutionary history of a large group of molecular membrane systems associated with bacteria and archaea - the superfamily of type IV filaments (TFF-SF) - that have diversified into systems involved in flagellar or contraction motility, adhesion, protein secretion, natural transformation.... I have developed tools and methods that have allowed me to identify these systems in all phyla of two of the kingdoms of life, and their phylogeny suggests that they may have been present in the last universal common ancestor. TFF-SF was then diversified by multiple gene duplications, fission of the gene from the integral membrane platform, and accretion of new components. Surprisingly, I found that Tad systems originated from the interkingdom transfer from Archaea to Bacteria of a system similar to the Epd pilus. The phylogeny and the content of ancestral systems suggest that the initial bacterial pili were involved in cellular motility and/or DNA transformation. On the other hand, specialized protein secretion systems appeared much later. All these processes of functional diversification have been accompanied by genetic rearrangements with implications for genetic regulation and horizontal gene transfer. Overall, the evolutionary history of TFF-SF reveals an impressive catalogue of the variety of molecular mechanisms involved in the origin of new functions through tinkering and co-optation of cellular machineries
Books on the topic "Évolution des archées"
1882-1935, Oliver Edmund Henry, Assiniboia (District) Conseil, and Terre de Rupert. Département du Nord. Conseil., eds. Le Nord-Ouest canadien, son évolution primitive et ses archives législatives: Procès verbaux des Conseils de la Colonie de la Rivière Rouge et du Département du nord de la Terre de Rupert. Ottawa: Impr. du gouvernement, 1997.
Find full textMicrobes from Hell. University of Chicago Press, 2016.
Find full textFagan, Teresa Lavender, and Patrick Forterre. Microbes from Hell. University of Chicago Press, 2016.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Évolution des archées"
THORAVAL, Amélie. "« La Joie de nos enfants »." In Les maisons d’édition francophones au prisme de leurs archives, 225–40. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.6528.
Full textBanat-Berger, Françoise. "Les archives publiques : constance et évolutions." In Guide pratique Archimag, 12–14. Serda édition-IDP, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/serda.archi.2014.01.0012.
Full textSERRY, Hervé. "Le sourire de François Maspero et les « Combats » de Claude Durand aux éditions du Seuil." In Les maisons d’édition francophones au prisme de leurs archives, 203–24. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.6527.
Full textChambolle, Delphine. "Le son de l’automobile : évolution des techniques sonores et utilisation des sons sur la scène parisienne (1900-1940)." In Les archives de la mise en scène. Hypermédialités du théâtre, 87–100. Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.septentrion.6090.
Full textCADDEO, Julie. "L’action des pouvoirs locaux face aux crises épidémiques au XVIIIe siècle." In Les épidémies au prisme des SHS, 99–108. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.5995.
Full textReports on the topic "Évolution des archées"
Godet, A., M. Smit, C. Guilmette, and F. Fournier-Roy. La longue vie du Batholite de Decelles, Pontiac, Québec: les grenats à notre rescousse! Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332509.
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