Academic literature on the topic 'Évolution bactérienne'
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Journal articles on the topic "Évolution bactérienne"
Philippon, A. "Résistance bactérienne : définitions, mécanismes, évolution." EMC - Maladies infectieuses 5, no. 3 (January 2008): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1166-8598(08)26016-3.
Full textNakache, F., A. Déguin, and A. Kerneis. "Évolution dans un réseau de distribution des micro-organismes et d'un nutriement, le CODB. Incidence du temps de transit." Revue des sciences de l'eau 9, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 499–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705264ar.
Full textCavassini, Guyot, Theumann, and Cavassini. "Etat confusionnel avec pneumencéphale: quel est votre diagnostic?" Praxis 93, no. 50 (December 1, 2004): 2105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0369-8394.93.50.2105.
Full textGado, AM, and Et Al. "L’utilisation de la corticothérapie dans la prévention des complications neurologiques auditives au cours des épidémies de méningites bactériennes au Niger." Revue Malienne d'Infectiologie et de Microbiologie 19, no. 1 (March 13, 2024): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53597/remim.v19i1.2786.
Full textDebeaupte, M., C. Perrot, E. Truy, and S. Ayari khalfallah. "Évolution de l’écologie bactérienne dans les adénites suppurées cervicales aiguës de l’enfant." Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale 131, no. 4 (October 2014): A84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aforl.2014.07.435.
Full textDiallo, S., A. Guindo, G. Elien, B. Coulibaly, H. Diallo, OM Coulibaly, and F. Sylla. "CELLULITE ORBITAIRE CHEZ L'ENFANT : A PROPOS DE DEUX CAS." Revue Malienne d'Infectiologie et de Microbiologie 15, no. 1 (May 14, 2020): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.53597/remim.v15i1.1567.
Full textDamageux, Françoise. "Évolution de la prise en charge du nouveau-né à risque d’infection néonatale bactérienne précoce." Vocation Sage-femme 18, no. 136 (January 2019): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vsf.2018.11.008.
Full textBrodeur, G., C. Guimont, R. Turgeon, J. Caron, and L. Blouin. "ÉVALUATION DE LA SÉCURITÉ DE L’IMPLANTATION D’UN PROTOCOLE DE PRISE EN CHARGE DE LA FIÈVRE SANS FOYER D’INFECTION BACTÉRIENNE SÉVÈRE CHEZ LES ENFANTS DE 3 À 36 MOIS À L’URGENCE." Paediatrics & Child Health 21, Supplement_5 (June 1, 2016): e70a-e70a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/21.supp5.e70a.
Full textDega, H. "Évolution de la résistance bactérienne dans les infections cutanées vues en ville. Intérêt de la pristinamycine." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 38, no. 2 (February 2008): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-077x(08)70108-2.
Full textMailley, O., L. Regard, C. Martin, P. R. Burgel, and N. Roche. "Évolution de l’écologie bactérienne des exacerbations de BPCO hospitalisées entre 2005/2006 et 2019 : étude monocentrique." Revue des Maladies Respiratoires Actualités 16, no. 1 (January 2024): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmra.2023.11.061.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Évolution bactérienne"
Chabas, Hélène. "Immunité bactérienne et épidémiologie évolutive des phages." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG042.
Full textLiving organisms face parasites which decrease their fitness and spread into their population. In response, hosts have evolved countless immune defenses that are often circumvented by parasite evolution. These defenses are usually extremely diverse. What is the impact of such genetic diversity on the protection against the evolution of parasites? Answering this question experimentally requires an experimental system in which host genetic diversity and parasite evolution and spreading can be monitored. Phages and bacteria systems are ideal candidates for such studies as their handling is easy in the lab, their life cycle is short and their mutation rates is high. The recent discovery of CRISPR--Cas immunity has opened many possibilities. Indeed, this immunity has the unique property to generate in the same genetic background as the sensitive host, numerous resistant alleles. In addition, it relies on an interference--RNA-like pathway, which results in the precise understanding of phage bypassing and in the ability to predict the targeted sequence. This system hence allows the experimental study of the impact of host genetic diversity on the epidemiology and the evolution of parasites and on antagonist coevolution. In this PhD, we 1) study how the host population composition impacts the probability of an epidemic created by an escape mutant (evolutionary emergence), 2) try to understand the causes of the heterogeneity in durability of resistances and 3) monitor the coevolution dynamic between genetically diverse populations. We show that the composition of the host population impacts the probability of evolutionary emergence: a low resistances diversity with an intermediate proportion of sensitive hosts maximises the probability of evolutionary emergence. Second, we show that CRISPR--Cas resistances are heterogeneous in their durability and this is not explained by the heterogeneity of escape mutants fitness. Third, we show that resistances diversity is conserved in a short term by parasites genetic diversity and that the coevolutionary dynamic is fastened by parasite intra-specific genetic diversity. Finally, we discuss research questions that we find interesting to develop in the near future
Bitar, Nehmé Sami Al. "Les endotoxines du genre Bordetella : structure, évolution et impact sur la virulence bactérienne." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112109.
Full textThe Bordetella genus is actually composed of nine species responsible for respiratory infections. B. pertussis, the agent of whooping cough, is the main model of this thesis along with other species such as B. holmesii and B. avium. Bacterial endotoxins are the major components of Gram-negative bacteria external membrane. From a chemical point of view, they are lipopolysaccharides (LPS) causing a high number of pathophysiological disorders ranging from low fever at weak doses, to lethal endotoxic choc at high ones. Structural analysis of the Bordetellae LPS is the major specialty of our group where the endotoxin structures of most species of the genus were described. It is well-known that lipid A, which constitutes the hydrophobic moiety of LPS, is responsible for the majority of biological activities of these molecules. Thus, any structural change of these molecules has an important impact on host-pathogen recognition, biological activities and bacterial virulence. For example, it has been demonstrated that the specific modification by grafting glucosamine on lipid A phosphate groups plays a major role in modulating the immune response. This structural peculiarity was highlighted by our team first in B. avium, B. bronchiseptica then in B. pertussis; it seems to be a unique trait of Bordetella. It should be noted that pertussis wreaks havoc in developing countries and affects newborns in several others, including France, where this infectious disease causes a significant death toll. The vaccine, which cannot be injected before the age of 2-3 months, could be improved and boosters are not regularly monitored. Experts in the domain have recognized the lack of an antigenic complement to make it more effective. In this thesis, we analyzed the structure of LPS from B. pertussis clinical isolates to study their evolution and adaptation over time along with their potential use in the design of new vaccines. In addition, regarding two strains of B. pertussis, BP338 and BP18-323, we have contributed to the identification of new genes involved in the biosynthesis of GlcN substituting the phosphate groups of the lipid moiety, which helped explaining the difference in the length of the single fatty acid differing between the two strains. The analysis of the influence of these structural elements on the activation of the receptor complex, TLR4/MD-2 sheds new light on the interactions between lipids A and this receptor. Our studies on clinical isolates of B. holmesii, an opportunistic pathogen responsible for pertussis-like illness, show great structural heterogeneity in the lipid A of these isolates. We showed the presence of a specific marker of Bordetella species, namely a fatty acid present only in the lipid A of human isolates. Our works on B. pertussis clinical isolates belonging to pre- and post-vaccine eras and coming from different countries show a loss of genetic material with a deficiency in certain major antigens. We have demonstrated, via physico-chemical methods, that these modifications did not affect the LPS of these isolates. The stability of these antigens and our ability to purify them, allow us to propose that detoxified LPS could be good candidates for improving the effectiveness of acellular pertussis vaccines. Finally, all structural studies presented in this thesis have provided insight into the regulation of certain genes in response to external stress. Our compiled work on a major pathogen is an important step in deciphering the molecular mechanisms leading to bacterial virulence and adaptation
Denise, Rémi. "Co-option de systèmes moléculaires complexes de la membrane bactérienne et archéenne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS602.
Full textProcess of molecular innovation require tinkering and the co-option of existing genes. But this process remains poorly understood on long evolutionary scales. During this thesis, I analyzed the evolutionary history of a large group of molecular membrane systems associated with bacteria and archaea - the superfamily of type IV filaments (TFF-SF) - that have diversified into systems involved in flagellar or contraction motility, adhesion, protein secretion, natural transformation.... I have developed tools and methods that have allowed me to identify these systems in all phyla of two of the kingdoms of life, and their phylogeny suggests that they may have been present in the last universal common ancestor. TFF-SF was then diversified by multiple gene duplications, fission of the gene from the integral membrane platform, and accretion of new components. Surprisingly, I found that Tad systems originated from the interkingdom transfer from Archaea to Bacteria of a system similar to the Epd pilus. The phylogeny and the content of ancestral systems suggest that the initial bacterial pili were involved in cellular motility and/or DNA transformation. On the other hand, specialized protein secretion systems appeared much later. All these processes of functional diversification have been accompanied by genetic rearrangements with implications for genetic regulation and horizontal gene transfer. Overall, the evolutionary history of TFF-SF reveals an impressive catalogue of the variety of molecular mechanisms involved in the origin of new functions through tinkering and co-optation of cellular machineries
Mesnil, Aurélie. "Émergence, dynamique évolutive et écologie de lignées pathogènes de bivalves marins au sein de l’espèce bactérienne Vibrio aestuarianus." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS050.
Full textThe oyster Crassostrea gigas is the most cultured species of bivalve in the world and is confronted with infectious diseases involving bacteria of the genus Vibrio. Among these Vibrio, the species V. aestuarianus, initially described in 1983 as a bacterium of estuarine environments, has been associated with mortality of adult oysters in Europe since 2001. In 2012, mortality of adult cockles Cerastoderma edule associated with this species have also been reported. However, the processes leading to the emergence of pathogenic bivalve lineages have remained unknown. During this thesis, we sought to clarify (1) the population structure of V. aestuarianus and their genomic determinants, (2) the evolutionary events that participated in the emergence and evolution of the subspecies, and (3) the habitats, cycles and species sensitive toV. aestuarianus. We have shown that pathogenic V. aestuarianus strains fall into two subspecies withdifferent evolutionary histories. V. aestuarianus francensis, described in 2008, includes pathogenic oyster strains while V. aestuarianus cardii includes pathogenic cockle strains. Both subspecies cause disease in their host populations in summer, and temperature has been identified as a favorable factor for disease development. V. aestuarianus francensis impacts oyster farming and we show that two distinct lineages have spread across Europe for at least 20 years. This subspecies is characterized by low genetic diversity and essentially clonal evolution. Strains of V. aestuarianus francensis have a specialist lifestyle, with a habitat restricted to oysters. One of the events that favored its emergence could be the acquisition and genomic integration of a mobile genetic element containing genes coding for proteins involved in copper export. Currently, the subspecies V. aestuarianus cardii impacts cockles only in France. The phenotypic and genetic diversity in this subspecies is greater than in the subspecies V. aestuarianus francensis. Several genetic groups with different levels of virulence towards cockles could be identified and the comparison of genomes between these groups made it possible to identify potential virulence factors
Moïse, Adeline. "Mise en place et évolution de la paroi cellulaire du péricarpe du fruit de tomate au cours de son développement et de sa maturation." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2008.
Full textFruit texture depends on histology and cell wall architecture, both under genetic and developmental controls. If ripening related cell wall modifications have been well documented with regard to softening, little is known about cell wall construction during early fruit development. Identification of key events and their kinetics with regard to tissue architecture and cell wall development can provide new insights on early phases of texture elaboration. Changes in the pericarp cellular structure during fruit development were first characterized. Cell expansion was shown to occur differently to the location within the pericarp. Analysis of cell wall composition and polysaccharide structure revealed that both are continuously modified during fruit development and not only during the ripening stage. During early stages, the relative high rhamnose content in cell walls indicates a high synthesis of rhamnogalacturonan I next to the one of homogalacturonans. Fine tuning of rhamnogalacturonan I side chains appears to occur from the cell expansion phase until prior the mature green stage. Cell wall polysaccharides remodelling also concerns xyloglucans and (galacto)glucomannans, the major hemicelluloses in tomato cell walls. In situ localization of cell wall polysaccharides in pericarp tissue brings new insights on cell wall construction and architecture. Then, the impact of post-harvest storage conditions on fruit texture from different genotypes was investigated in relation with cell wall changes. An effect of post-harvest conditions was found on pectins. Differences in cell wall composition between genotypes decreased on the course of storage
Bleibtreu, Alexandre. "Rôle des capacités de croissance et de la résistance aux stress dans la virulence extra intestinale d’Escherichia coli : de l’espèce au clone." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077244.
Full textThroughout long evolutionary time, we showed that at the species level the extra intestinal virulence is essentially explained by the number of virulence genes. Using a new collection, collected during the thesis, we have shown that mutations in the rpoS gene are essentially laboratory-acquired and the evolutionary history of rpoS is subjected to a pressure of purifying selection, that it respects the phylogeny of the species and that it follows a "source and sink" model. Moreover, the mode of acquisition is important. Strains responsible for pediatric community-acquired infections showed higher growth capacities officials pediatric nosocomial infection strains. We also showed that the ST131 clone had particularly high growth capacity may explain its spread in the community. In short evolutionary time, we studied vine isolates from a patient during a peritonitis with genetic and phenotypic microheterogeneity and different levels of RpoS. RpoS allele did not affect virulence. So it seems that across evolutionary time short growth capacities are predominant in the variations in virulence observed. Inactivation of virulence offset by increased resilience to stress must confer selective advantages in the unique : environment that is the peritoneal cavity during peritonitis E. Coli. Finally, data from the sequencing of complete genomes of isolates will better understand the mechanisms of microdiversité and its relationship with virulence
Tidjani, Abdoul-Razak. "Évolution génomique au sein d'une population naturelle de Streptomyces." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0159.
Full textStreptomyces are rhizospheric bacteria that contribute to soil fertility (recycling of organic matter), plant growth and health. They have among the largest bacterial genomes (12 Mb) with a high genetic variability. The genome variability, observed at the interspecific level has never been addressed within a population, i.e. between sympatric individuals belonging to the same species (Conspecific strains) within the same ecological niche. The objective of this work was to investigate this diversity in the forest soil ecosystem, to estimate its dynamics and its potential functional roles. After sequencing and comparison of the complete genomes, we observed a wide genomic diversity in terms of size, presence/absence of extrachromosomal elements, but also in terms of presence/absence of genes along the chromosome. A large number of insertion and deletion events (indels) from 1 to 241 genes differentiate individuals in the population. Given the close phylogenetic relationship of these strains, the common ancestor of the population is recent, hence the genomic diversity would result from a massive and rapid gene flux. The high prevalence of integrative and conjugative elements in the population suggests that conjugation could act as a driving force of this diversity. Differential production of specialized metabolites (antibiotics) was also used to estimate the impact of genetic diversity on population’s ecology. We were able to show that this production was linked to strain specific genes and that it may constitute a « public good » for the population. We propose that the rapid evolution of the genome contributes to the maintenance of social cohesion mechanisms within these soil bacteria
Megrian, Nuñez Daniela. "Phylogenomic approaches to uncover the diversity and evolution of the bacterial cell envelope." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS349.
Full textThe bacterial envelope is one of the oldest and most fundamental cellular structures. Yet, many aspects of its diversity and evolutionary history are unknown. In this thesis I have taken advantage of the large available genomic data to investigate the issue through a large-scale phylogenomic and comparative genomic analyses at the level of Bacteria. The two goals of this doctoral work were (i) to identify putative new diderm lineages in the Firmicutes to illuminate the monoderm/diderm transition, and (ii) to elucidate the evolutionary history of the cell envelope in Bacteria and infer its nature in the LBCA. To sum up, the results I obtained during this thesis provide a timely and significant advancement to our understanding of the diversity and evolution of the cell envelope, and on one of the major transitions in the history of Bacteria, that between monoderms and diderms
Dupont, Laurence. "Organisation, expression et évolution des gènes du bactériophage tempéré MV4 de Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30071.
Full textGallois, Alexandre. "Dynamique des extrémités du chromosome linéaire de Streptomyces ambofaciens." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10108/document.
Full textThe Streptomyces are soil bacteria with a large linear chromosome, typically 8 to 10 Mb, high part of G-C bases (72.1% for S. coelicolor) and are subject to a high degree of genetic instability, correlated with the formation of large rearrangement occurring in the terminal chromosomal regions. The analysis of the terminal regions sequences and partial sequence central region of S. ambofaciens ATCC23877 shows that the size of the terminal species-specific regions increases as the phylogenetic distance between compared species increases. The synteny observed between central regions degenerates progressively over several hundreds of kilobases before reaching the terminal species-specific regions. This synteny appears as gradually parceled out by multiple insertions/deletions (indels) of genes. The comparison of the sequences of the Terminal Inverted Repeat (TIR) of two S. ambofaciens strains shows the two strains share the same ancestral boundaries of TIRs. On the other hand, the terminals regions are strain-specific suggesting that exchanges of replicon extremities, potentially plasmidic, have occurred, contributing to the terminal variability observed at the intraspecific level. The mechanisms of double breaks repair or the frequency of these double breaks could be the reasons of this variability. Sometimes, the chromosome becomes dicentric and enters in a break-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycle. This cycle is the consequence of a end-to-end fusion of two deleted chromosomes. The analysis of S. ambofaciens DSM40697 strains with a second locus involved in the partitioning narrows the implication of this one in the chromosomic instability and the Streptomyces’ evolution
Books on the topic "Évolution bactérienne"
1932-, Mathieu Léo G., ed. Prokaryotology: A coherent point of view. Montréal: Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 2000.
Find full textSonea, Sorin, and Leo G. Mathieu. Prokaryotology: A Coherent View (Les Presses De L'universite De Montreal). Les Presses de L'Universite de Montreal, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Évolution bactérienne"
Cattoir, V., and R. Leclercq. "Évolution des résistances bactériennes en réanimation." In Références en réanimation. Collection de la SRLF, 37–54. Paris: Springer Paris, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0389-0_3.
Full text"7. Épigénétique bactérienne." In Sexualité, génétique et évolution des bactéries, 63–66. EDP Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-2569-1.c008.
Full text"4. Sexualité bactérienne et échanges génétiques." In Sexualité, génétique et évolution des bactéries, 35–44. EDP Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-2569-1.c005.
Full text"11. Analyse génétique de la pathogénicité bactérienne." In Sexualité, génétique et évolution des bactéries, 99–106. EDP Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-2569-1.c012.
Full text"6. Génétique des virus bactériens : bactériophages et plasmides." In Sexualité, génétique et évolution des bactéries, 51–62. EDP Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-2569-1.c007.
Full text"9. Aspects génétiques et épigénétiques des écosystèmes bactériens." In Sexualité, génétique et évolution des bactéries, 75–90. EDP Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-2569-1.c010.
Full textBRAUGE, Thomas, Stéphanie COPIN, Mélanie GAY, and Graziella MIDELET. "Les produits de la mer peu transformés et les dangers bactériens et parasitaires." In Les dangers dans la chaîne de transformation et de distribution des denrées alimentaires, 71–113. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9093.ch2.
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