Journal articles on the topic 'Evidence, Expert Australia'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Evidence, Expert Australia.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Evidence, Expert Australia.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
VALLY, H., K. GLASS, L. FORD, G. HALL, M. D. KIRK, C. SHADBOLT, M. G. K. VEITCH, K. E. FULLERTON, J. MUSTO, and N. BECKER. "Evaluation of a structured expert elicitation estimating the proportion of illness acquired by foodborne transmission for nine enteric pathogens in Australia." Epidemiology and Infection 144, no. 5 (October 12, 2015): 897–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268815002435.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYEstimates of the proportion of illness transmitted by food for different enteric pathogens are essential for foodborne burden-of-disease studies. Owing to insufficient scientific data, a formal synthesis of expert opinion, an expert elicitation, is commonly used to produce such estimates. Eleven experts participated in an elicitation to estimate the proportion of illnesses due to food in Australia for nine pathogens over three rounds: first, based on their own knowledge alone; second, after being provided with systematic reviews of the literature and Australian data; and finally, at a workshop where experts reflected on the evidence. Estimates changed significantly across the three rounds (P= 0·002) as measured by analysis of variance. Following the workshop in round 3, estimates showed smoother distributions with significantly less variation for several pathogens. When estimates were combined to provide combined distributions for each pathogen, the width of these combined distributions reflected experts’ perceptions of the availability of evidence, with narrower intervals for pathogens for which evidence was judged to be strongest. Our findings show that the choice of expert elicitation process can significantly influence final estimates. Our structured process – and the workshop in particular – produced robust estimates and distributions appropriate for inclusion in burden-of-disease studies.
2
ROCHE, S. E., S. COSTARD, J. MEERS, H. E. FIELD, and A. C. BREED. "Assessing the risk of Nipah virus establishment in Australian flying-foxes." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 10 (February 4, 2014): 2213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268813003336.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYNipah virus (NiV) is a recently emerged zoonotic virus that causes severe disease in humans. The reservoir hosts for NiV, bats of the genus Pteropus (known as flying-foxes) are found across the Asia-Pacific including Australia. While NiV has not been detected in Australia, evidence for NiV infection has been found in flying-foxes in some of Australia's closest neighbours. A qualitative risk assessment was undertaken to assess the risk of NiV establishing in Australian flying-foxes through flying-fox movements from nearby regions. Events surrounding the emergence of new diseases are typically uncertain and in this study an expert opinion workshop was used to address gaps in knowledge. Given the difficulties in combining expert opinion, five different combination methods were analysed to assess their influence on the risk outcome. Under the baseline scenario where the median was used to combine opinions, the risk was estimated to be very low. However, this risk increased when the mean and linear opinion pooling combination methods were used. This assessment highlights the effects that different methods for combining expert opinion have on final risk estimates and the caution needed when interpreting these outcomes given the high degree of uncertainty in expert opinion. This work has provided a flexible model framework for assessing the risk of NiV establishment in Australian flying-foxes through bat movements which can be updated when new data become available.
3
Abidoye, Rotimi Boluwatife, Ma Junge, Terence Y. M. Lam, Tunbosun Biodun Oyedokun, and Malvern Leonard Tipping. "Property valuation methods in practice: evidence from Australia." Property Management 37, no. 5 (October 21, 2019): 701–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-04-2019-0018.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Improving valuation accuracy, especially for sale and acquisition purposes, remains one of the key targets of the global real estate research agenda. Among other recommendations, it has been argued that the use of technology-based advanced valuation methods can help to narrow the gap between asset valuations and actual sale prices. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the property valuation methods being adopted by Australian valuers and the factors influencing their level of awareness and adoption of the methods. Design/methodology/approach An online questionnaire survey was conducted to elicit information from valuers practising in Australia. They were asked to indicate their level of awareness and adoption of the different property valuation methods. Their response was analysed using frequency distribution, χ2 test and mean score ranking. Findings The results show that the traditional methods of valuation, namely, comparative, investment and residual, are the most adopted methods by the Australian valuers, while advanced valuation methods are seldom applied in practice. The results confirm that professional bodies, sector of practice and educational institutions are the three most important drivers of awareness and adoption of the advanced valuation methods. Practical implications There is a need for all the property valuation stakeholders to synergise and transform the property valuation practice in a bid to promote the awareness and adoption of advanced valuation methods, (e.g. hedonic pricing model, artificial neural network, expert system, fuzzy logic system, etc.) among valuers. These are all technology-based methods to improve the efficiency in the prediction process, and the valuer still needs to input reliable transaction data into the systems. Originality/value This study provides a fresh and most recent insight into the current property valuation methods adopted in practice by valuers practising in Australia. It identifies that the advanced valuation methods could supplement the traditional valuation methods to achieve good practice standard for improving the professional valuation practice in Australia so that the valuation profession can meet the industry’s expectations.
4
Lehane, Elaine, Patricia Leahy-Warren, Cliona O’Riordan, Eileen Savage, Jonathan Drennan, Colm O’Tuathaigh, Michael O’Connor, et al. "Evidence-based practice education for healthcare professions: an expert view." BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 24, no. 3 (November 15, 2018): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2018-111019.
Full textAbstract:
Internationally, evidence-based practice (EBP) is recognised as a foundational element of healthcare professional education. Achieving competency in this area is a complex undertaking that is reflected in disparities between ‘best EBP’ and actual clinical care. The effective development and implementation of professional education to facilitate EBP remains a major and immediate challenge. To ascertain nuanced perspectives on the provision of EBP education internationally, interviews were conducted with five EBP education experts from the UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Definitive advice was provided in relation to (1) EBP curriculum considerations, (2) teaching EBP and (3) stakeholder engagement in EBP education. While a considerable amount of EBP activity throughout health profession education is apparent, effectively embedding EBP throughout curricula requires further development, with a ‘real-world’ pragmatic approach that engenders dialogue and engagement with all stakeholders required.
5
Straker, Leon, Erin Kaye Howie, Dylan Paul Cliff, Melanie T. Davern, Lina Engelen, Sjaan R. Gomersall, Jenny Ziviani, Natasha K. Schranz, Tim Olds, and Grant Ryan Tomkinson. "Australia and Other Nations Are Failing to Meet Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines for Children: Implications and a Way Forward." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 13, no. 2 (February 2016): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2015-0026.
Full textAbstract:
Background:Australia has joined a growing number of nations that have evaluated the physical activity and sedentary behavior status of their children. Australia received a “D minus” in the first Active Healthy Kids Australia Physical Activity Report Card.Methods:An expert subgroup of the Australian Report Card Research Working Group iteratively reviewed available evidence to answer 3 questions: (a) What are the main sedentary behaviors of children? (b) What are the potential mechanisms for sedentary behavior to impact child health and development? and (c) What are the effects of different types of sedentary behaviors on child health and development?Results:Neither sedentary time nor screen time is a homogeneous activity likely to result in homogenous effects. There are several mechanisms by which various sedentary behaviors may positively or negatively affect cardiometabolic, neuromusculoskeletal, and psychosocial health, though the strength of evidence varies. National surveillance systems and mechanistic, longitudinal, and experimental studies are needed for Australia and other nations to improve their grade.Conclusions:Despite limitations, available evidence is sufficiently convincing that the total exposure and pattern of exposure to sedentary behaviors are critical to the healthy growth, development, and wellbeing of children. Nations therefore need strategies to address these common behaviors.
6
Trigger, David, and Robert Blowes. "Anthropologists, Lawyers and Issues for Expert Witnesses: Native Title Claims in Australia." Practicing Anthropology 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.23.1.787151073p934186.
Full textAbstract:
Social scientists such as anthropologists, linguists and historians play an important role in researching and producing genealogies, reports and other claim materials which are submitted as evidence in native title claims. Being expert witnesses for Aboriginal claimants (or any other party) means that they may also be cross-examined on their evidence by opposing counsel. The recent Federal Court decision Daniel v State of Western Australia (the ‘Daniel case’2) highlights the need to carefully manage communications which occur in the course of researching, documenting and conducting native title claims; the case raises the issue of avoiding (or delaying) the loss of the protection of ‘client privilege’3 for confidential documents such as anthropological field notes and other primary research materials. The central issue is whether various documents can be kept confidential, and if so, for how long.
7
Edmond, Gary. "Suspect sciences? Evidentiary Problems with Emerging Technologies." International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics 2, no. 1 (January 2010): 40–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdcf.2010010104.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines the standards governing the admission of new types of expert evidence. Based on the rules of evidence and procedure in Australia, it explains how judges have been largely uninterested in the reliability of expert opinion evidence. Focused on the use of CCTV images and covert sound recordings for the purposes of identification, but relevant to other forensic sciences, the article explains the need for interest in the reliability of incriminating expert opinion evidence. It also explains why many of the traditional trial safeguards may not be particularly useful for identifying or explaining problems and complexities with scientific and technical evidence. In closing, the article argues that those developing new types of evidence and new techniques, whether identification-based or derived from IT, camera or computer forensics, need to be able to explain why it is that the court can have confidence in any opinions expressed.
8
Rogers, A. A. "Public and Expert Preference Divergence: Evidence from a Choice Experiment of Marine Reserves in Australia." Land Economics 89, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 346–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/le.89.2.346.
Full text
9
Edmond, Gary. "Impartiality, efficiency or reliability? A critical response to expert evidence law and procedure in Australia." Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences 42, no. 2 (June 2010): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00450610903258128.
Full text
10
McPharlin, Nancy, Hugh Stewart, Deanna Gibbs, Holly Bowen-Salter, and Kobie Boshoff. "Neonatal Occupational Therapy in Australia: A Survey and Recommendations for Developing Guidelines for Clinical Practice." Allied Health Scholar 1, no. 1 (July 26, 2020): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21913/tahs.v1i1.1558.
Full textAbstract:
Aim and Background: Occupational Therapists form an essential part of the development and care of infants and families in Neonatal Units (NNU) across the world, however, little is documented about their practice in Australia. This article aims to develop a greater understanding of the role of Occupational Therapy in NNU in Australia, compared with international practice guidelines, and recommends the adoption of UK guidelines until Australia specific guidelines emerge. Method: An online questionnaire was developed from a systematic scoping review and piloted by an expert panel. Invitations were sent to thirty Occupational Therapists working in NNUs around Australia. Data analysis included using descriptive statistics and qualitative themes. Results: Twenty two (73%) of NNU Occupational Therapists responded to the survey, representing all levels of NNU. Results describe the current Occupational Therapy role in Australia as encompassing assessment, intervention, teamwork and a variety of ‘other’ activities, all of which required advanced knowledge, skills and paediatric experience, and involved ongoing high-level professional development. Occupational Therapy has a unique role to play in neonatal units. Future development of the role is reliant upon good advocacy and promotion, specialised training opportunities, prospects for networking, support and mentorship for the many Therapists working part-time, and ongoing research. The Australian Occupational Therapy NNU role compares similarly with those cited internationally (UK & US). The development of guidelines for evidence based clinical practice of neonatal Occupational Therapy in Australia was highly sought by clinicians. The adoption of the ‘Occupational Therapy in neonatal services and early intervention: practice guideline’ (RCOT 2017) is proposed until the emergence of specific Australian guidelines.
11
McKee, Alan. "The criteria used by key decision makers in Australia to judge the academic quality of NTROs." Media International Australia 177, no. 1 (May 29, 2020): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x20921565.
Full textAbstract:
Thirty experts in the assessment of the quality of Non-Traditional Research Outputs (NTROs) as academic research outputs were asked to rate the importance of 19 criteria that might be used in making these judgements. Analysis of responses identified four criteria where there is substantial agreement among the community of experts: (a) demonstrated familiarity in the research statement with the current state of knowledge in the relevant academic disciplines (very important); (b) demonstrated familiarity in the research statement with the current state of knowledge in the relevant industry (important); (c) evidence that the work has been engaged with by other academic researchers (relevant); (d) whether the NTRO creator is a substantive university staff member or an adjunct/honorary (unimportant). Fifteen other criteria either reached a less than ‘fair’ level of agreement, or larger numbers of respondents nominated ‘It depends’. Qualitative analysis of comments also revealed noteworthy disagreements in the expert community about how the criteria should be applied.
12
Cossins, Annie. "Expert Witness Evidence in Sexual Assault Trials: Questions, Answers and Law Reform in Australia and England." International Journal of Evidence & Proof 17, no. 1 (January 2013): 74–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/ijep.2013.17.1.419.
Full text
13
Cordner, Stephen, and Noel Woodford. "In Australia the jury decides:the reliability and validity of expert evidence: a perspective from forensic pathology." Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences 52, no. 3 (March 9, 2020): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2020.1729414.
Full text
14
Naccarella, Lucio, Jim Buchan, and Peter Brooks. "Evidence-informed primary health care workforce policy: are we asking the right questions?" Australian Journal of Primary Health 16, no. 1 (2010): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py09060.
Full textAbstract:
Australia is facing a primary health care workforce shortage. To inform primary health care (PHC) workforce policy reforms, reflection is required on ways to strengthen the evidence base and its uptake into policy making. In 2008 the Australian Primary Health Care Research Institute funded the Australian Health Workforce Institute to host Professor James Buchan, Queen Margaret University, UK, an expert in health services policy research and health workforce planning. Professor Buchan’s visit enabled over forty Australian PHC workforce mid-career and senior researchers and policy stakeholders to be involved in roundtable policy dialogue on issues influencing PHC workforce policy making. Six key thematic questions emerged. (1) What makes PHC workforce planning different? (2) Why does the PHC workforce need to be viewed in a global context? (3) What is the capacity of PHC workforce research? (4) What policy levers exist for PHC workforce planning? (5) What principles can guide PHC workforce planning? (6) What incentives exist to optimise the use of evidence in policy making? The emerging themes need to be discussed within the context of current PHC workforce policy reforms, which are focussed on increasing workforce supply (via education/training programs), changing the skill mix and extending the roles of health workers to meet patient needs. With the Australian government seeking to reform and strengthen the PHC workforce, key questions remain about ways to strengthen the PHC workforce evidence base and its uptake into PHC workforce policy making.
15
Manning, Matthew, Janet Ransley, Christine Smith, Lorraine Mazerolle, and Alana Cook. "Policing methamphetamine problems: a framework for synthesising expert opinion and evaluating alternative policy options." Journal of Public Policy 33, no. 3 (October 10, 2013): 371–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x13000147.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIncreasingly, governments and police agencies require evidence of effectiveness and efficiency with respect to law enforcement policies. The existing “what works” literature, specifically on drug law enforcement, focuses mainly on the effectiveness question when making complex choices between drug policy alternatives, but fails when it comes to incorporating empirical evidence and the experience of key experts in the decision-making process. In addition, little attempt has been made to employ sophisticated techniques to assist in complex policy decision making with respect to funding competing policing policy alternatives. We use the methamphetamine problem in Australia to illustrate a way of evaluating, using multi-criteria analysis, alternative policy options for developing better drug policy.
16
Sidhu, Navdeep S., Alwin Chuan, and Christopher H. Mitchell. "Recommendations and resources for regional anaesthesia Fellowships in Australia and New Zealand." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 47, no. 5 (August 22, 2019): 452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x19861113.
Full textAbstract:
Regional anaesthesia is a fundamental aspect of anaesthesia practice. Structured Fellowships in regional anaesthesia facilitate the development of expert clinicians, scholars and future leaders. The Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists accredits training sites for the final year of Fellowship training but does not outline specific guidance for subspecialty training. Based on evidence from a systematic literature review and best-practice medical education principles, the ideal structure for a regional anaesthesia Fellowship programme in Australia and New Zealand is outlined in four categories: (a) structure and duration of training; (b) educational aspects; (c) institutional organization; (d) evaluation and improvement. Departments may use this resource to help design, implement and improve their Fellowship programmes while trainees may employ it as a reference to achieve their learning goals at any training stage. Continuing professional education plays a central role in achieving and maintaining mastery of regional anaesthesia competencies.
17
Andrews, Gavin, Caroline Bell, Philip Boyce, Christopher Gale, Lisa Lampe, Omar Marwat, Ronald Rapee, and Gregory Wilkins. "Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and generalised anxiety disorder." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 52, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 1109–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867418799453.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To provide practical clinical guidance for the treatment of adults with panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and generalised anxiety disorder in Australia and New Zealand. Method: Relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses of clinical trials were identified by searching PsycINFO, Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases. Additional relevant studies were identified from reference lists of identified articles, grey literature and literature known to the working group. Evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations were formulated by synthesising the evidence from efficacy studies, considering effectiveness in routine practice, accessibility and availability of treatment options in Australia and New Zealand, fidelity, acceptability to patients, safety and costs. The draft guidelines were reviewed by expert and clinical advisors, key stakeholders, professional bodies, and specialist groups with interest and expertise in anxiety disorders. Results: The guidelines recommend a pragmatic approach beginning with psychoeducation and advice on lifestyle factors, followed by initial treatment selected in collaboration with the patient from evidence-based options, taking into account symptom severity, patient preference, accessibility and cost. Recommended initial treatment options for all three anxiety disorders are cognitive–behavioural therapy (face-to-face or delivered by computer, tablet or smartphone application), pharmacotherapy (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor together with advice about graded exposure to anxiety triggers), or the combination of cognitive–behavioural therapy and pharmacotherapy. Conclusion: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and generalised anxiety disorder provide up-to-date guidance and advice on the management of these disorders for use by health professionals in Australia and New Zealand.
18
Putrik, Polina, Rebecca Jessup, Rachelle Buchbinder, Paul Glasziou, Jonathan Karnon, and Denise A. O'Connor. "Prioritising models of healthcare service delivery for a more sustainable health system: a Delphi study of Australian health policy, clinical practice and management, academic and consumer stakeholders." Australian Health Review 45, no. 4 (2021): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah20160.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectivesHealthcare expenditure is growing at an unsustainable rate in developed countries. A recent scoping review identified several alternative healthcare delivery models with the potential to improve health system sustainability. Our objective was to obtain input and consensus from an expert Delphi panel about which alternative models they considered most promising for increasing value in healthcare delivery in Australia and to contribute to shaping a research agenda in the field. MethodsThe panel first reviewed a list of 84 models obtained through the preceding scoping review and contributed additional ideas in an open round. In a subsequent scoring round, the panel rated the priority of each model in terms of its potential to improve health care sustainability in Australia. Consensus was assumed when ≥50% of the panel rated a model as (very) high priority (consensus on high priority) or as not a priority or low priority (consensus on low priority). ResultsEighty-two of 149 invited participants (55%) representing all Australian states/territories and wide expertise completed round one; 71 completed round two. Consensus on high priority was achieved for 59 alternative models; 14 were rated as (very) high priority by ≥70% of the panel. Top priorities included improving medical service provision in aged care facilities, providing single-point-access multidisciplinary care for people with chronic conditions and providing tailored early discharge and hospital at home instead of in-patient care. No consensus was reached on 47 models, but no model was deemed low priority. ConclusionsInput from an expert stakeholder panel identified healthcare delivery models not previously synthesised in systematic reviews that are a priority to investigate. Strong consensus exists among stakeholders regarding which models require the most urgent attention in terms of (cost-)effectiveness research. These findings contribute to shaping a research agenda on healthcare delivery models and where stakeholder engagement in Australia is likely to be high. What is known about the topic?Healthcare expenditure is growing at an unsustainable rate in high-income countries worldwide. A recent scoping review of systematic reviews identified a substantial body of evidence about the effects of a wide range of models of healthcare service delivery that can inform health system improvements. Given the large number of systematic reviews available on numerous models of care, a method for gaining consensus on the models of highest priority for implementation (where evidence demonstrates this will lead to beneficial effects and resource savings) or for further research (where evidence about effects is uncertain) in the Australian context is warranted. What does this paper add?This paper describes a method for reaching consensus on high-priority alternative models of service delivery in Australia. Stakeholders with leadership roles in health policy and government organisations, hospital and primary care networks, academic institutions and consumer advocacy organisations were asked to identify and rate alternative models based on their knowledge of the healthcare system. We reached consensus among ≥70% of stakeholders that improving medical care in residential aged care facilities, providing single-point-access multidisciplinary care for patients with a range of chronic conditions and providing early discharge and hospital at home instead of in-patient stay for people with a range of conditions are of highest priority for further investigation. What are the implications for practitioners?Decision makers seeking to optimise the efficiency and sustainability of healthcare service delivery in Australia could consider the alternative models rated as high priority by the expert stakeholder panel in this Delphi study. These models reflect the most promising alternatives for increasing value in the delivery of health care in Australia based on stakeholders’ knowledge of the health system. Although they indicate areas where stakeholder engagement is likely to be high, further research is needed to demonstrate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of some of these models.
19
Luke, Joanne, Ebony Verbunt, Angela Zhang, Muriel Bamblett, Gabrielle Johnson, Connie Salamone, David Thomas, et al. "Questioning the ethics of evidence-based practice for Indigenous health and social settings in Australia." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 6 (June 2022): e009167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009167.
Full textAbstract:
Australian government planning promotes evidence-based action as the overarching goal to achieving health equality for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. However, an inequitable distribution of power and resources in the conduct of evidence-based practice produces a policy environment counterintuitive to this goal. This context of contemporary evidence-based practice gives legitimacy to ‘expert practitioners’ located in Australian governments and universities to use Western guidelines and tools, embedded in Western methodology, to make ‘evidence’ informed policy and programming decisions about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. This method for decision making assumes a positional superiority that can marginalise the important perspectives, experiences and knowledge of Aboriginal Community Controlled Organisations and their processes for decision making. Here we consider the four steps of an evidence review: (1) developing a review question; (2) acquiring studies; (3) appraising the evidence and (4) assessing the evidence, as components of wider evidence-based practice. We discuss some of the limitations across each step that arise from the broader context within which the evidence review is produced. We propose that an ethical and just approach to evidence-based review can be achieved through a well-resourced Aboriginal community controlled sector, where Aboriginal organisations generate their own evidence and evidence is reviewed using methods and tools that privilege Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ways of knowing, doing and being.
20
Sturgiss, Elizabeth Ann, Chris van Weel, Lauren Ball, Sarah Jansen, and Kirsty Douglas. "Obesity management in Australian primary care: where has the general practitioner gone?" Australian Journal of Primary Health 22, no. 6 (2016): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py16074.
Full textAbstract:
Obesity is a chronic condition with significant health and economic consequences that requires more effective management in Australia. General practitioners (GPs) currently act as care co-ordinators in line with national guidelines for overweight and obesity. Australian patients indicate that they would appreciate more involvement from their GP in the management of obesity, and this is in line with international findings. Not all patients have access to specialist obesity services or affordable allied health care because of location, cost and time, particularly in rural and remote areas where there is a greater prevalence of obesity. Empowering GPs to use their skills as expert generalists to manage obesity is an option that should be explored to improve access for all individuals. GPs will require evidence-based tools to assist them in structuring obesity management within their own general practice environment.
21
Liddelow, Caitlin, Matthew J. Schweickle, Jordan T. Sutcliffe, Christian Swann, Richard Keegan, Simon Rice, Anthony David Okely, and Stewart A. Vella. "Protocol for national mental health guidelines for community sport in Australia." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 8, no. 4 (November 2022): e001426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001426.
Full textAbstract:
Organised sports are the most common settings for sports participation. Despite a range of documented benefits from participation, these positive outcomes are not always guaranteed. Emotional distress from pressure and injuries can mean some participants experience negative outcomes. To ensure organised sports are well equipped to promote the mental health of their members, evidence-based guidelines for them are required. Using a Community-Based Participatory Research framework, mental health guidelines for community sport will be developed. In Phase One, community sport stakeholders will participate in focus groups. The aim is to understand their preferences of the content, purpose and scope of the guidelines. In Phase Two, an e-Delphi study will be conducted with experts in mental health and sport in Australia to gather recommendations on the purpose and scope of the guidelines. In Phase Three, a national consensus meeting with an Expert Guideline Development Committee will be held to draft the guidelines. In Phase Four, follow-up focus groups will be held with community sport stakeholders to understand the usability and acceptability of the draft guidelines. In Phase Five, a second e-Delphi study will be conducted to provide feedback on the revised guidelines after community stakeholder review. In Phase Six, implementation case studies will assess the implementation of the guidelines in community sport clubs. These mental health guidelines will answer an urgent call for action by experts. The guidelines will be based on sector needs and preferences, be acceptable and useable, and be able to be implemented by community sport clubs globally by 2025.
22
Bradfield, Rebecca. "Understanding the Battered Woman Who Kills her Violent Partner - The Admissibility of Expert Evidence of Domestic Violence in Australia." Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 9, no. 2 (May 1, 2002): 177–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/13218710260612064.
Full text
23
Bradfield, Rebecca. "Understanding the Battered Woman Who Kills her Violent Partner — The Admissibility of Expert Evidence of Domestic Violence in Australia." Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 9, no. 2 (November 2002): 177–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/pplt.2002.9.2.177.
Full text
24
Phillips, Jane L., Patricia M. Davidson, Debra Jackson, Linda Kristjanson, Margaret L. Bennett, and John Daly. "Enhancing palliative care delivery in a regional community in Australia." Australian Health Review 30, no. 3 (2006): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah060370.
Full textAbstract:
Although access to palliative care is a fundamental right for people in Australia and is endorsed by government policy, there is often limited access to specialist palliative care services in regional, rural and remote areas. This article appraises the evidence pertaining to palliative care service delivery to inform a sustainable model of palliative care that meets the needs of a regional population on the mid-north coast of New South Wales. Expert consultation and an eclectic literature review were undertaken to develop a model of palliative care service delivery appropriate to the needs of the target population and resources of the local community. On the basis of this review, a local palliative care system that is based on a population-based approach to service planning and delivery, with formalised integrated network agreements and role delineation between specialist and generalist providers, has the greatest potential to meet the palliative care needs of this regional coastal community.
25
Feletto, Eleonora, Jie-Bin Lew, Joachim Worthington, Emily He, Michael Caruana, Katherine Butler, Harriet Hui, et al. "Pathways to a cancer-free future: a protocol for modelled evaluations to minimise the future burden of colorectal cancer in Australia." BMJ Open 10, no. 6 (June 2020): e036475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036475.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionWith almost 50% of cases preventable and the Australian National Bowel Cancer Screening Program in place, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prime candidate for investment to reduce the cancer burden. The challenge is determining effective ways to reduce morbidity and mortality and their implementation through policy and practice. Pathways-Bowel is a multistage programme that aims to identify best-value investment in CRC control by integrating expert and end-user engagement; relevant evidence; modelled interventions to guide future investment; and policy-driven implementation of interventions using evidence-based methods.Methods and analysisPathways-Bowel is an iterative work programme incorporating a calibrated and validated CRC natural history model for Australia (Policy1-Bowel) and assessing the health and cost outcomes and resource use of targeted interventions. Experts help identify and prioritise modelled evaluations of changing trends and interventions and critically assess results to advise on their real-world applicability. Where appropriate the results are used to support public policy change and make the case for optimal investment in specific CRC control interventions. Fourteen high-priority evaluations have been modelled or planned, including evaluations of CRC outcomes from the changing prevalence of modifiable exposures, including smoking and body fatness; potential benefits of daily aspirin intake as chemoprevention; increasing CRC incidence in people aged <50 years; increasing screening participation in the general and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations; alternative screening technologies and modalities; and changes to follow-up surveillance protocols. Pathways-Bowel is a unique, comprehensive approach to evaluating CRC control; no prior body of work has assessed the relative benefits of a variety of interventions across CRC development and progression to produce a list of best-value investments.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was not required as human participants were not involved. Findings are reported in a series of papers in peer-reviewed journals and presented at fora to engage the community and policymakers.
26
Daveson, B., V. Milch, J. Chynoweth, L. Kable, M. Austen, H. Basrai, D. Salvestrin, R. Wade, C. Andereisz, and H. Zorbas. "Improving Outcomes Through Principles of Best Practice Management: Australia's National Lung Cancer Framework." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 243s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.97500.
Full textAbstract:
Background and context: Lung cancer is estimated to be the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer and leading cause of cancer death in Australia, representing 9.2% of all new cancer cases (n = 138,321) diagnosed and 18.9% of all cancer deaths (n = 48,586). The 5-year survival rate for those with lung cancer is 16%, compared with 68% for all cancers combined (between 2009 and 2013). Lung cancer is also the leading cause of cancer burden in Australia and patients affected by lung cancer may experience high levels of unmet need with associated psychological distress and decreased quality of life. Cancer Australia, Australia's national cancer control agency, developed the national Lung Cancer Framework: Principles for Best Practice Lung Cancer Care (Framework) to provide evidence-based, best practice information, strategies, tools and resources to support local adoption of the 5 principles for best practice management of lung cancer (principles): patient-centered care; multidisciplinary care; timely access to evidence-based care; coordination, communication and continuity of care; and data-driven improvements. Aim: The framework aims to improve the outcomes and experiences of people affected by lung cancer in Australia by supporting national uptake of the principles. Strategy/Tactics: Cancer Australia: • established a Lung Cancer Advisory Group to advise on strategies for national implementation of the framework and its principles • conducted a national lung cancer demonstration project, with advice from an Expert Steering Group, to demonstrate the delivery of lung cancer care according to the principles across a range of service delivery settings, and identify key factors contributing to ongoing delivery of best practice cancer care • completed systematic reviews for each principle to determine the effectiveness of the principles in improving lung cancer care processes and outcomes. Program/Policy process: To support national adoption of the framework and its principles, Cancer Australia: • developed a promotion and communication strategy for widespread national dissemination • convened a National Summit to bring together policy makers, clinical stakeholders and consumers to support local application of the principles, and drive optimal care for people affected by lung cancer • identified and communicated consumer, service, and system-level approaches to aid sustainable use of the principles. Outcomes: The evidence-based approach to the development of the framework and its principles identified ways to improve the healthcare system to achieve better outcomes for those affected by lung cancer in Australia. A coordinated approach to the delivery of the National Summit supported those involved in lung cancer care to share and adopt innovative and multilevel strategies for best practice care. What was learned: Embedding strategies to support implementation of the principles, responsive to local context, was key to enabling sustainable improvements in national lung cancer control.
27
Georgiou, Chloe L., Damien Kee, Lia Papadopoulos, Reece Caldwell, Allison Bourne, Javier Haurat, Maureen Turner, David Goldstein, and Clare L. Scott. "Two years of the Australian Rare Cancer Portal: a national referral service for rare cancer information and research." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): e18581-e18581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e18581.
Full textAbstract:
e18581 Background: Rare cancers (RC) occur at incidence < 6/100,000 and accessing treatment and evidence-based care can be challenging. Australia’s geographical distance adds complexity when referring to RC sub-specialists, clinical trials or research. The Australian Rare Cancer (ARC) Portal aims to address this unmet need. Methods: The ARC Portal is a free online academic referral hub designed to facilitate rare cancer clinical care and research. Registered cancer specialists can request RC guidelines, expert advice and molecular testing/interpretation. Patient consent allows researchers access to de-identified clinical data, with optional consent for biospecimen access, for dedicated rare cancer research projects (Melbourne Health HREC/15/MH/396). Portal case reports are collated by research fellows with reference to published evidence and expert opinion to inform treating clinician decision making. Surveys are sent at 3 time points following case completion to assess the ARC Portal impact on patient management. The ARC Portal is funded by Omico, with support from BioGrid Australia, Rare Cancers Australia and the Stafford Fox Rare Cancer Program. Results: Over two years, 924 patients have been enrolled into the ARC Portal. Demographics include 73% females, 27% males, at different disease stages from initial diagnosis (23%), on relapse/ progression (48%) or with stable disease/in remission (29%). The spread of incidence of individual cancers varied from 6/100,000 to < 0.1/100,000. Primary tumour types include gynaecological (44.4%), gastrointestinal (19%), thoracic (6%), ocular (5.2%), soft tissue (3.8%), breast (3.6%), skin (3.0%), and CNS tumors (2.5%). Endocrine, head and neck, urological, and cancers of unknown primary comprised the remaining 12.5% of cases. Longer term follow up of 100 cases demonstrated ARC Portal reports impacted clinician decision making in at least 42%. This included subsequent lines of treatment, molecular testing access or clinical trial enrolment. Conclusions: The ARC Portal uses an online centralized streamlined approach to overcome challenges and inequities inherent in rare cancer care, by optimizing clinician access to RC expertise and clinical trials; and to facilitate future RC discoveries by enabling research through collection of clinical data and accessible annotated biospecimens.
28
Peisah, Carmelle. "Reflections on changes in defining testamentary capacity." International Psychogeriatrics 17, no. 4 (December 2005): 709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610205002875.
Full textAbstract:
Old age psychiatrists are often called upon to give expert evidence in challenges of testamentary capacity. The nineteenth-century English case, Banks v. Goodfellow (1870) remains the hallmark case for defining the criteria for testamentary capacity in Australia and other Common Law countries. However, a need to go beyond the traditional Banks and Goodfellow criteria for defining testamentary capacity (i.e. (i) understanding of the nature of a will; (ii) knowledge of the nature and extent of one's assets; (iii) being able to recall and understand the claims of potential heirs; (iv) being free of delusions or hallucinations that influence one's testamentary decisions) has been identified recently in the international literature (Shulman et al., 2005). Recent court rulings in Australia which have acknowledged the differences between the nineteenth-century context and today are therefore of international interest, as are recently adapted guidelines for clinicians asked to assess capacity.
29
Canaway, Rachel, Matthew Leach, and Jennifer Hunter. "Setting an agenda for strengthening the evidence-base for traditional and complementary medicines: Perspectives from an expert forum in Australia." Advances in Integrative Medicine 5, no. 3 (December 2018): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aimed.2018.06.002.
Full text
30
Hoang, Khanh. "Distance is no hurdle: Reforming the family violence exception to better protect immigrant women in rural, regional and remote communities." International Journal of Rural Law and Policy, no. 2 (April 4, 2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijrlp.i2.2015.4622.
Full textAbstract:
After careful consideration consistent with COPE guidelines, the editorial staff has concluded that there is no case of plagiarism associated with this article. (10th August, 2016)The editors have received allegations that the paper references arguments and evidence without attribution to pre-existing literature, and that it exhibits stylistic similarities to other sources on the same topic. The editors are currently conducting an investigation under the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines to confirm or refute the allegations. (29th June, 2016)This article considers the impact of migration laws on immigrant women in rural, regional and remote communities (RRR communities) who are victims of family violence. The Migration Regulations 1994 (Cth) (‘the Regulations’) includes a ‘family violence exception’ that allows for the grant of permanent residency to women who hold a temporary partner visa in circumstances where the relationship with the Australian sponsor has broken down due to family violence. However, the Regulations impose strict procedural and evidentiary requirements for making a family violence claim. These laws disproportionately impact those in RRR communities by failing to account for their isolation, lack of access to services and particular vulnerabilities. As a result, immigrant women in RRR communities are restricted in their ability to access the family violence exception.This article calls for reform of the Regulations to address the locational disadvantages faced by immigrant women in RRR communities. Building on the work of the Australian Law Reform Commission, it argues for the repeal of the provisions governing evidentiary requirements for ‘non-judicially determined’ claims of family violence. In its place, it is suggested that there should be no restrictions on the types of evidence that can be provided. In addition, all non-judicially determined family violence claims would be referred to an ‘independent expert panel’ for assessment. The independent expert panel should include, at a minimum, a number of community legal centres (CLCs) and family violence centres (FVCs) around Australia. CLCs and FVCs are leveraging technology — such as Skype and teleconferencing — and integrated service responses to provide access to justice to those in RRR communities.
31
Chynoweth, J., B. Daveson, M. McCambridge, J. Coutts, H. Zorbas, and K. Whitfield. "A National Priority: Improving Outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People With Cancer Through an Optimal Care Pathway." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 243s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.97700.
Full textAbstract:
Background and context: Cancer survival rates in Australia are among the best in the world, yet Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (indigenous) people continue to experience disparities in the distribution and burden of cancer, and unwarranted variations in outcomes. Indigenous Australians are 40% more likely to die of cancer than non-Indigenous Australians. Cancer Australia developed the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Cancer Framework (the framework), which identified 7 national priorities to address disparities in cancer outcomes experienced by indigenous Australians. An ongoing collaboration with indigenous Australians was integral to developing this shared agenda. Priority 5 in the framework highlights the need to ensure indigenous Australians affected by cancer receive optimal and culturally appropriate treatment, services, and supportive and palliative care. Aim: To improve cancer outcomes for indigenous Australians through the development and national endorsement of a population-specific Optimal Care Pathway (OCP) to guide the delivery of consistent, safe, high-quality, culturally appropriate and evidence-based care. Strategy/Tactics: Cancer Australia formed a partnership with the Victorian Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) to address Priority 5 and develop the OCP. The approach to development was underpinned by Cancer Australia's Model of Engagement for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People and guided by the national Leadership Group on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Cancer Control (Leadership Group). Program/Policy process: Cancer Australia, in collaboration with DHHS: • reviewed experiences of care and the framework's comprehensive evidence base • developed a draft OCP to complement tumor-specific pathways • facilitated an Expert Working Group, comprising indigenous health sector leaders and consumers to refine and validate the draft OCP • undertook national public consultation, including with the indigenous health sector and community, health professionals and professional colleges • received an indication of support to proceed to endorsement from the Leadership Group. Outcomes: The first population-specific OCP for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with cancer received national endorsement. It will guide the delivery of consistent, safe, high-quality, culturally appropriate and evidence-based care. What was learned: Key elements of optimal care include: addressing the cultural appropriateness of the healthcare environment; improving cross-cultural communication; relationship building with local community; optimizing health literacy; recognition of men's and women's business; and the need to use culturally appropriate resources. The national priority in the framework informed and unified high-level direction, which was integral to effective OCP development and endorsement. The evidence-based, step-wise development approach contributed to its relevance, utility and quality.
32
Flanagan, Belinda, James Pearce, Nigel Barr, and Kathryn Eastwood. "PP14 An investigation of ambulance clinical recommendations for the management of obstetric emergencies in Australia and New Zealand." Emergency Medicine Journal 38, no. 9 (August 19, 2021): A7.1—A7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2021-999.14.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundVarious international studies have recognised that paramedics receive limited obstetric training and historically lack confidence in managing obstetric and neonatal emergencies. This lack of confidence, deficits in training and limited exposure to such cases may be sustained by absent, dated or insufficient clinical guidance provided by the employer. Clinical guidelines are an essential tool and cognitive aid to provide guidance when formulating an appropriate treatment plan, however paramedics have reported the use of varying and dated practices and procedures that have the potential to cause significant patient harm. The aim of this study was to conduct a qualitative textual/document analysis on five publicly available obstetric guidelines published by ambulance services in Australia and New Zealand.MethodPublicly available electronic guidelines from Australian and New Zealand ambulance jurisdictions were imported into a custom designed data collection frame for comparison. This frame focused on five specific areas of obstetric presentations. Guideline quality was measured against a recognised national standard for the development and publication of clinical guidelines. Information and recommendations presented were compared against expert advice provided by the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (RANZCOG), Word Health Organization (WHO), state health clinical guidelines and systematic reviews.ResultsAll ambulance service guidelines reviewed failed to meet the national standards for the development and publication of clinical guidelines in the area of transparency and grading of evidence. Some advice within the guidelines was found to be inconsistent, not supported by evidence, have the potential to cause harm or be absent. Some were found to be heavily reliant on hospital-based mnemonics that were either not ambulance specific or contained advice that was outside a paramedic scope of practice.ConclusionThis study has identified inconsistent recommendations and highlighted conflicting and inadequate advice for paramedics when managing obstetric and neonatal emergencies.
33
Ormandy, Elisabeth H., Daniel M. Weary, Katarina Cvek, Mark Fisher, Kathrin Herrmann, Pru Hobson-West, Michael McDonald, et al. "Animal Research, Accountability, Openness and Public Engagement: Report from an International Expert Forum." Animals 9, no. 9 (August 29, 2019): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9090622.
Full textAbstract:
In November 2013, a group of international experts in animal research policy (n = 11) gathered in Vancouver, Canada, to discuss openness and accountability in animal research. The primary objective was to bring together participants from various jurisdictions (United States, Sweden, Australia, New Zealand, Germany, Canada and the United Kingdom) to share practices regarding the governance of animals used in research, testing and education, with emphasis on the governance process followed, the methods of community engagement, and the balance of openness versus confidentiality. During the forum, participants came to a broad consensus on the need for: (a) evidence-based metrics to allow a “virtuous feedback” system for evaluation and quality assurance of animal research, (b) the need for increased public access to information, together with opportunities for stakeholder dialogue about animal research, (c) a greater diversity of views to be represented on decision-making committees to allow for greater balance and (d) a standardized and robust ethical decision-making process that incorporates some sort of societal input. These recommendations encourage aspirations beyond merely imparting information and towards a genuine dialogue that represents a shared agenda surrounding laboratory animal use.
34
Mousa, Mariam, Helena J. Teede, Belinda Garth, Ingrid M. Winship, Luis Prado, and Jacqueline A. Boyle. "Using a Modified Delphi Approach and Nominal Group Technique for Organisational Priority Setting of Evidence-Based Interventions That Advance Women in Healthcare Leadership." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 17, 2022): 15202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215202.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Few studies address how to prioritise organisational interventions that advance women in leadership. We report on the relevance, feasibility and importance of evidence-based interventions for a large healthcare organisation. This study supports the first stage of implementation in a large National Health and Medical Research Council funded initiative seeking to advance women in healthcare leadership. Methods: An expert multi-disciplinary panel comprised of health professionals and leaders from a large healthcare network in Australia participated. The initial Delphi survey was administered online and results were presented in a Nominal Group Technique workshop. Here, the group made sense of the survey results, then evaluated findings against a framework on implementation criteria. Two further consensus surveys were conducted during the workshop. Results: Five priority areas were identified. These included: 1. A committed and supportive leadership team; 2. Improved governance structures; 3. Mentoring opportunities; 4. Leadership training and development; and 5. Flexibility in working. We describe the overall priority setting process in the context of our findings. Conclusions: With evidence and expert input, we established priorities for advancing women in healthcare leadership with a partnering healthcare organisation. This approach can be adapted in other settings, seeking to advance women in leadership.
35
Tay, Kuowei, Naomi Frommer, Jill Hunter, Derrick Silove, Linda Pearson, Mehera San Roque, Ronnit Redman, Richard A. Bryant, Vijaya Manicavasagar, and Zachary Steel. "A mixed-method study of expert psychological evidence submitted for a cohort of asylum seekers undergoing refugee status determination in Australia." Social Science & Medicine 98 (December 2013): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.08.029.
Full text
36
Belcher, Alice. "Imagining How A Company Thinks: What is Corporate Culture?" Deakin Law Review 11, no. 2 (January 1, 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2006vol11no2art234.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Corporate responsibility for crimes that require thought, or lack of thought, has been the subject of much debate both in the UK and worldwide. This article investigates the current position in the UK, where a Bill is currently (October 2006) before Parliament, and briefly in Australia, where the law has been reformed at Commonwealth level, but not yet implemented in individual States. In line with developments in Australian and the UK law a realist rather than nominalist position is taken that explicitly recognises genuine corporate fault. The article looks forward to the cases that are likely to be brought under the “corporate culture” provisions. It suggests that the practical methods of providing evidence of corporate ‘attitudes, policies, systems or accepted practices’ could very well include the records of meetings, very much in line with<br />the method attempted in the failed Transco prosecution in Scotland. It is<br />submitted that the conceptual foundation for the realist approach is sound and that there are practical ways of bringing the company before the court. However, there are also some conceptual and practical difficulties to be faced. Issues identified include the question of responsibility for sub-cultures and the practical problem of a proliferation of different sorts of evidence and expert opinions that could be put before the courts.</p>
37
Cartledge, Susie, Emma Thomas, Kerry Hollier, and R. Maddison. "Development of standardised programme content for phase II cardiac rehabilitation programmes in Australia using a modified Delphi process." BMJ Open 9, no. 12 (December 2019): e032279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032279.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectiveTo develop standardised programme content for Australian phase II cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programme.DesignUsing the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method (RAM), a two-phase process including a comprehensive literature review and a two round modified Delphi process was undertaken to develop and validate content of a standardised CR programmes.ParticipantsAn invited multidisciplinary expert advisory group (EAG; n=16), including CR health professionals (nurses, allied health professionals, cardiologist), academics, policy makers, representation from the Australian Cardiovascular Health and Rehabilitation Association and consumers, provided oversight of the literature review and assisted with development of best practice statements. Twelve members of the EAG went onto participate in the modified Delphi process rating the necessity of statements in two rounds on a scale of 1 (not necessary) to 9 (essential).Main outcome measureBest practice statements that achieved a median score of ≥8 on a nine-point scale were categorised as ‘essential’; statements that achieved a median score of ≥6 were categorised as ‘desirable’ and statements with a median score of <6 were omitted.Results49 best practice statements were developed from the literature across ten areas of care within four module domains (CR foundations, developing heart health knowledge, psychosocial health and life beyond CR). At the end of a two-round validation process a total of 47 best practice statements were finalised; 29 statements were rated as essential, 18 as desirable and 2 statements were omitted.ConclusionsFor the first time in Australia, an evidence-based and consensus-led standardised programme content for phase II CR has been developed that can be provided to CR coordinators.
38
Young, Suzanne, Sandra Leggat, Pauline Stanton, and Tim Bartram. "Organisational development in a rural hospital in Australia." Australian Health Review 39, no. 2 (2015): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14039.
Full textAbstract:
Objective This paper analyses an organisational development project that aimed to change the organisational culture and improve people management systems and processes. The questions addressed were: was the change process a success; how was success defined; and what were the barriers to its progress? Methods We examined the process of change over a 3-year period. The organisational development intervention is described and analysed. Qualitative methods, including document review, in-depth interviews and focus groups, participant observation, newsletters and diary entries were used to gather the data. A variant of competing values was used to analyse the data. Results We sought to build trust with all managers and encouraged reflection by conducting feedback sessions, presentations, workshops and one-on-one and group discussions. A cross-site action group was established to encourage organisation-wide participation in the project. However, it was clear that stakeholders had different understandings and perceptions of the problems facing the organisation. The project faltered when a leadership development intervention was organised. Conclusions The existence of at least four different organisational ‘worlds’ and identities, according to different professional groupings with different goals, languages and values, was evident. The relationship between the researcher and subjects was key in terms of whether the researcher is seen as an ‘expert’ or as a ‘facilitator’. In bringing about change, we need to work with the Chief Executive Officer in empowering others. Hence, the researchers need to engage in continual dialogue across boundaries and within groups as well as at individual levels to provide support for organisational change. What is known about the topic? Evidence suggests that change processes often fail, that success in one part of the organisation may not translate into organisation-level performance and that change may fail to deliver expected organisation-wide results. Fluctuating organisational expectations may render managers unable to understand the shifting world and the confusion, anxiety and stress that middle managers experience as part of the change process may impede decision making. What does this paper add? This paper reports on a single case study of an organisational development project in a rural health service in Australia. The contribution of this paper is in demonstrating the different worlds of each of the actors involved. Moreover, it shows that building relationships is key. What are the implications for practitioners? The relationship between the researcher and subjects is key in terms of whether the researcher is seen as an ‘expert’ or as a ‘facilitator’. The researchers need to engage in continual dialogue across boundaries and within groups, as well as at individual levels, to provide support for organisational change. The research also demonstrates the importance of middle managers in facilitating communication between senior management and employees.
39
Quilter, Julia, and Luke McNamara. "The Meaning of “Intoxication” in Australian Criminal Cases." New Criminal Law Review 21, no. 1 (2018): 170–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2018.21.1.170.
Full textAbstract:
Although alcohol and drug use features prominently in many areas of criminal offending, there has been limited investigation of how the effects of alcohol and other drugs are treated by criminal laws and the criminal justice system. This article examines the framing of judicial inquiries about “intoxication” in criminal cases in Australia. It illustrates the diverse types of evidence that may (or may not) be available to judges and juries when faced with the task of determining whether a person was relevantly “intoxicated.” It shows that in the absence of legislative guidance on how the task should be approached, courts tend to assign only a relatively marginal role to medical and scientific expert evidence, and frame the question as one that can be answered by applying common knowledge about the effects of alcohol and other drugs. The article examines the adequacy of this approach, given the weak foundation for assuming that the relationship between intoxication and the complex cognitive processes on which tribunals of fact are often required to reach conclusions (such as intent formation) is within the lay knowledge held by jurors and judges.
40
SIMON, JUDIT, ULRIKE SCHMIDT, and STEPHEN PILLING. "The health service use and cost of eating disorders." Psychological Medicine 35, no. 11 (April 1, 2005): 1543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291705004708.
Full textAbstract:
Background. The economic burden and health service use of eating disorders have received little attention, although such data are necessary to estimate the implications of any changes in clinical practice for patient care and health care resource requirements. This systematic review reports the current international evidence on the resource use and cost of eating disorders.Method. Relevant literature (1980–2002) was identified from searches of electronic databases and expert contacts.Results. Two cost-of-illness studies from the UK and Germany, one burden-of-disease study from Australia and 14 other publications with relevant data from the UK, USA, Austria, Denmark and The Netherlands could be identified. In the UK, the health care cost of anorexia nervosa was estimated to be £4·2 million in 1990. In Germany, the health care cost was €65 million for anorexia nervosa and €10 million for bulimia nervosa during 1998. The Australian study reported the health care costs of eating disorders to be Aus$22 million for year 1993/1994. Other costing studies focused mostly on in-patient care reporting highly variable estimates. There is a dearth of research on non-health care costs.Conclusions. The limited available evidence reflects a general under-detection and under-treatment of eating disorders. Although both cost-of-illness studies may significantly underestimate the costs of eating disorders because of important omitted cost items, other evidence suggests that the economic burden is likely to be substantial. Comprehensive data on the resource use of patients with eating disorders are urgently needed for better estimations, and to be able to determine cost-effective treatment options.
41
Keith, Lawrence, John Leeder, Rean Monfils, and Bill Stavropoulos. "THE OIL SPILL SAMPLING ADVISOR (OSSA): EXPERT SYSTEM." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 1077–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-1077.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Expert systems are computer programs that emulate a human expert's decision-making process in a particular domain of knowledge. Over 15,000 expert systems have been developed around the world for assistance over a wide range of topics and subjects. Expert systems are seen as having a dual use as they assist in the training of individuals in a particular subject, and they also offer fast, effective on-the-spot advice in the form of easy to answer questions. Oil spill response requires highly technical training and specialized knowledge. Several expert systems have been created to assist responders in the event of an oil spill and subjects have included beach cleanup, in situ burning of oil, protecting sensitive shorelines and the use of dispersants among others. However, none of the published oil spill response expert systems to date have incorporated how to effectively sample an oil spill, and yet the sampling of an oil spill needs to adhere to strict legal, International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) protocols in order to produce accurate and defensible data. The correct assimilation of data from oil spill response ensures that the responsible party/parties can be identified and are held accountable for any environmental damage that the spill has caused. The authors have recognized the gap in sampling guidance within all the available Oil Spill Response expert systems worldwide and therefore have created the Oil Spill Sampling Advisor or (OSSA) expert system through Leeder Consulting in Australia. The OSSA expert system is the first of its kind; a unique system to train and assist responders and pollution investigators with how to successfully take samples that will produce legally defensible data before, during and after an oil spill. For many small or developing countries (or ships at sea), it is not only highly impractical but also too costly to bring in sampling experts every time a spill occurs. As a result, if the responsible party has not been identified, the costs of cleanup and the environmental burden are frequently left for governments to bear. However, the new OSSA expert system provides a cost-effective means to help find oil spill polluters so that they can be responsible for paying the costs of cleanup. The OSSA expert system assists with training people to collect defensible forensic evidence, and it also provides on-the-spot information and advice to anyone having to collect an urgent spill sample. This includes all the necessary forms to be printed and filled out in order to ensure legal defensibility of the samples and resulting analytical data. Operating from a CD-ROM or an onboard ship laptop computer, OSSA is completely portable and accessible anywhere in the world at any time. This paper covers the advantages, disadvantages and common misconceptions of expert systems in the field of oil spill response. It also addresses how expert systems can be used as teaching tools and the unique framework utilized by Leeder Consulting in the creation of the OSSA expert system.
42
Koehn, John D., Scott M. Raymond, Ivor Stuart, Charles R. Todd, Stephen R. Balcombe, Brenton P. Zampatti, Heleena Bamford, et al. "A compendium of ecological knowledge for restoration of freshwater fishes in Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 11 (2020): 1391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf20127.
Full textAbstract:
Many freshwater fishes are imperilled globally, and there is a need for easily accessible, contemporary ecological knowledge to guide management. This compendium contains knowledge collated from over 600 publications and 27 expert workshops to support the restoration of 9 priority native freshwater fish species, representative of the range of life-history strategies and values in south-eastern Australia’s Murray–Darling Basin. To help prioritise future research investment and restoration actions, ecological knowledge and threats were assessed for each species and life stage. There is considerable new knowledge (80% of publications used were from the past 20 years), but this varied among species and life stages, with most known about adults, then egg, juvenile and larval stages (in that order). The biggest knowledge gaps concerned early life stage requirements, survival, recruitment, growth rates, condition and movements. Key threats include reduced longitudinal and lateral connectivity, altered flows, loss of refugia, reductions in both flowing (lotic) and slackwater riverine habitats, degradation of wetland habitats, alien species interactions and loss of aquatic vegetation. Examples and case studies illustrating the application of this knowledge to underpin effective restoration management are provided. This extensive ecological evidence base for multiple species is presented in a tabular format to assist a range of readers.
43
Desbrow, Ben, Joanna McCormack, Louise M. Burke, Gregory R. Cox, Kieran Fallon, Matthew Hislop, Ruth Logan, et al. "Sports Dietitians Australia Position Statement: Sports Nutrition for the Adolescent Athlete." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 24, no. 5 (October 2014): 570–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0031.
Full textAbstract:
It is the position of Sports Dietitians Australia (SDA) that adolescent athletes have unique nutritional requirements as a consequence of undertaking daily training and competition in addition to the demands of growth and development. As such, SDA established an expert multidisciplinary panel to undertake an independent review of the relevant scientific evidence and consulted with its professional members to develop sports nutrition recommendations for active and competitive adolescent athletes. The position of SDA is that dietary education and recommendations for these adolescent athletes should reinforce eating for long term health. More specifically, the adolescent athlete should be encouraged to moderate eating patterns to reflect daily exercise demands and provide a regular spread of high quality carbohydrate and protein sources over the day, especially in the period immediately after training. SDA recommends that consideration also be given to the dietary calcium, Vitamin D and iron intake of adolescent athletes due to the elevated risk of deficiency of these nutrients. To maintain optimal hydration, adolescent athletes should have access to fluids that are clean, cool and supplied in sufficient quantities before, during and after participation in sport. Finally, it is the position of SDA that nutrient needs should be met by core foods rather than supplements, as the recommendation of dietary supplements to developing athletes over-emphasizes their ability to manipulate performance in comparison with other training and dietary strategies.
44
D’Souza, Eugene, Catherine Krejany, Rosie Meng, and Moyez Jiwa. "How are junior doctors managing patients with self-limiting illnesses at their first presentation? A video vignette study." Postgraduate Medical Journal 94, no. 1110 (December 8, 2017): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2016-134625.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeTo conduct a video vignette survey of medical students and doctors investigating test ordering for patients presenting with self-limiting or minor illness.MethodsParticipants were shown six video vignettes of common self-limiting illnesses and invited to devise investigation and management plans for the patients’ current presentation. The number of tests ordered was compared with those recommended by an expert panel. A Theory of Planned Behaviour Questionnaire explored participants’ beliefs and attitudes about ordering tests in the context of self-limiting illness.ResultsParticipants (n=61) were recruited from across Australia. All participants ordered at least one test that was not recommended by the experts in most cases. Presentations that focused mainly on symptoms (eg, in cases with bowel habit disturbance and fatigue) resulted in more tests being ordered. A test not recommended by experts was ordered on 54.9% of occasions. With regard to attitudes to test ordering, junior doctors were strongly influenced by social norms. The number of questionable tests ordered in this survey of 366 consultations has a projected cost of $17 000.ConclusionsThis study suggests that there is some evidence of questionable test ordering by these participants with significant implications for costs to the health system. Further research is needed to explore the extent and reasons for test ordering by junior doctors across a range of clinical settings.
45
McLaren-Blades, Alexander, Karim Ladha, Akash Goel, Varuna Manoo, Yuvaraj Kotteeswaran, Yen-Yen Gee, Joseph Fiorellino, and Hance Clarke. "Perioperative pain and addiction interdisciplinary network (PAIN): protocol for the perioperative management of cannabis and cannabinoid-based medicines using a modified Delphi process." BMJ Open 10, no. 7 (July 2020): e036472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036472.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionAt the conception of this study (January 2019), a literature search by the authors found no evidence-based or consensus perioperative guidelines for patients consuming cannabis products, or for those patients in whom a cannabinoid medication could be considered for perioperative treatment. Currently, there is a large global population that consumes cannabis. The availability of cannabis has also increased this decade with greater legal access to cannabis products in some countries such as USA, Canada, Uruguay, Israel, Australia and Germany. There are recognised possible therapeutic benefits for the use of cannabis in patients with chronic pain, chronic neuropathic pain and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. There are also potential side effects from cannabis use such as psychosis, cannabis hyperemesis syndrome, misuse disorder and cannabis withdrawal syndrome. There is evidence that cannabis may also affect factors in the perioperative period such as monitoring, quality of analgesia, sleep and opioid consumption. Given the large population of persons using cannabis, the heterogeneity of cannabis products and the paucity (and heterogeneity) of perioperative literature surrounding it, perioperative guidelines for cannabis consuming patients are both lacking and necessary. In this paper, we present the design for a modified Delphi technique that has been started with the intent of deriving cannabis perioperative guidelines from the available medical literature and the consensus of multidisciplinary experts.Materials, methods and analysisThis study will use a scoping narrative literature review and modified Delphi process to generate cannabis perioperative guidelines. A scoping narrative review of cannabis in the perioperative period by the authors of this proposal was completed and provided to a panel of 17 experts. These experts were recruited for their knowledge and expertise regarding cannabis and/or perioperative medicine. They were asked to rate a series of indications and clinical scenarios in two rounds. During the first round, the expert panel was blinded to each other’s participation. During the second round of this process, the expert panel met after being provided with an analysis of the first round’s submissions so they could be discussed further and, if possible, reach a further consensus regarding them. Using the results obtained from the Delphi review process, a draft of proposed cannabis perioperative guidelines will be generated. These proposed guidelines will be returned to the expert panel for critiquing prior to their finalisation.Ethics and disseminationStudy and panellist data will be deidentified and stored as per institutional (Toronto General Hospital) guidelines. Institutional research ethics board provided a waiver for this modified Delphi protocol. Findings will be presented and published in peer-reviewed publications and conferences.
46
Snoswell, Centaine L., Monica L. Taylor, Tracy A. Comans, Anthony C. Smith, Leonard C. Gray, and Liam J. Caffery. "Determining if Telehealth Can Reduce Health System Costs: Scoping Review." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 10 (October 19, 2020): e17298. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17298.
Full textAbstract:
Background Telehealth represents an opportunity for Australia to harness the power of technology to redesign the way health care is delivered. The potential benefits of telehealth include increased accessibility to care, productivity gains for health providers and patients through reduced travel, potential for cost savings, and an opportunity to develop culturally appropriate services that are more sensitive to the needs of special populations. The uptake of telehealth has been hindered at times by clinician reluctance and policies that preclude metropolitan populations from accessing telehealth services. Objective This study aims to investigate if telehealth reduces health system costs compared with traditional service models and to identify the scenarios in which cost savings can be realized. Methods A scoping review was undertaken to meet the study aims. Initially, literature searches were conducted using broad terms for telehealth and economics to identify economic evaluation literature in telehealth. The investigators then conducted an expert focus group to identify domains where telehealth could reduce health system costs, followed by targeted literature searches for corresponding evidence. Results The cost analyses reviewed provided evidence that telehealth reduced costs when health system–funded travel was prevented and when telehealth mitigated the need for expensive procedural or specialist follow-up by providing competent care in a more efficient way. The expert focus group identified 4 areas of potential savings from telehealth: productivity gains, reductions in secondary care, alternate funding models, and telementoring. Telehealth demonstrated great potential for productivity gains arising from health system redesign; however, under the Australian activity-based funding, it is unlikely that these gains will result in cost savings. Secondary care use mitigation is an area of promise for telehealth; however, many studies have not demonstrated overall cost savings due to the cost of administering and monitoring telehealth systems. Alternate funding models from telehealth systems have the potential to save the health system money in situations where the consumers pay out of pocket to receive services. Telementoring has had minimal economic evaluation; however, in the long term it is likely to result in inadvertent cost savings through the upskilling of generalist and allied health clinicians. Conclusions Health services considering implementing telehealth should be motivated by benefits other than cost reduction. The available evidence has indicated that although telehealth provides overwhelmingly positive patient benefits and increases productivity for many services, current evidence suggests that it does not routinely reduce the cost of care delivery for the health system.
47
Yoong, Sze Lin, Katarzyna Bolsewicz, Alice Grady, Rebecca Wyse, Rachel Sutherland, Rebecca Kate Hodder, Melanie Kingsland, et al. "Adaptation of public health initiatives: expert views on current guidance and opportunities to advance their application and benefit." Health Education Research 35, no. 4 (July 6, 2020): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyaa014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract While there is some guidance to support the adaptation of evidence-based public health interventions, little is known about adaptation in practice and how to best support public health practitioners in its operationalization. This qualitative study was undertaken with researchers, methodologists, policy makers and practitioners representing public health expert organizations and universities internationally to explore their views on available adaptation frameworks, elicit potential improvements to such guidance, and identify opportunities to improve implementation of public health initiatives. Participants attended a face to face workshop in Newcastle, Australia in October 2018 where World Café and focus group discussions using Appreciative Inquiry were undertaken. A number of limitations with current guidance were reported, including a lack of detail on ‘how’ to adapt, limited information on adaptation of implementation strategies and a number of structural issues related to the wording and ordering of elements within frameworks. A number of opportunities to advance the field was identified. Finally, a list of overarching principles that could be applied together with existing frameworks was generated and suggested to provide a practical way of supporting adaptation decisions in practice.
48
Kholodnova, N. V., L. N. Mazankova, A. A. Volter, and I. E. Turina. "The modern view of congenital cytomegalovirus infection: diagnosis, treatment and prevention." CHILDREN INFECTIONS 18, no. 4 (December 6, 2019): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22627/2072-8107-2019-18-4-56-63.
Full textAbstract:
A literature review of the works of foreign and domestic authors is devoted to modern approaches to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV). The data of international consensuses are presented: «Congenital Cytomegalovirus: A European Expert Consensus Statement on Diagnosis and Management» adopted by the cCMV group from the European society for pediatric infectious diseases (ESPID) in Leipzig, Germany in 2015, and «Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy and the neonate: consensus recommendations for prevention, diagnosis, and therapy» by an informal International Congenital Cytomegalovirus Recommendations Group (ICCRG), established in Brisbane, Australia in 2015 as part of the 5th International cCMV Conference about evidence-based treatment cCMV using antiviral drugs and immunotherapy. Particular attention is paid to the prevention of cCMV in both pregnant and newborns, as well as data from international studies on the cytomegalovirus vaccination.
49
Sanders, Rachael, Jennifer Lehmann, and Fiona Gardner. "Parents’ experiences and use of parenting resources during the transition to parenthood." Children Australia 45, no. 4 (July 3, 2020): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.33.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to report on new parents’ experiences of using the available range of parenting resources that help to guide parenting choices and practices. Using a semi-structured interview schedule, 30 participants were asked about their engagement with parenting resources. The types of resources considered most salient to the participants of this study in Victoria, Australia, included professional services, peers, family and friends, and written material. On the whole, these parents valued expert opinion when they encountered problems but experienced a level of frustration when they did not ‘feel heard’ by professionals or when faced with mixed messages. While they reported some resistance to overt advice offered by family and friends, especially if the information was considered ‘out-dated’, they relied heavily on informal advice and support from peers, even if this was supported only by anecdotal evidence.
50
Silcock, J. L., and R. J. Fensham. "Using evidence of decline and extinction risk to identify priority regions, habitats and threats for plant conservation in Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 66, no. 7 (2018): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt18056.
Full textAbstract:
Threatened species lists are used at global, national and regional scales to identify species at risk of extinction. Many species are listed due to restricted population size or geographic distribution, and decline is often inferred rather than quantified. Vascular plants comprise over 70% of nationally listed threatened species, but there is an incomplete picture of which species are most at risk of extinction, where these occur and the factors behind their declines. We compiled published information and the best available field knowledge including 125 expert interviews to identify declining and at risk species. The candidate list comprised 1135 taxa, which were mostly listed as Critically Endangered or Endangered under Federal and/or State legislation, but included 80 that are currently unlisted but considered to be highly threatened. In total, 418 taxa were assessed as having a documented, suspected or projected continuing decline. These were ranked based on extinction risk and magnitude of continuing decline, which suggest that 296 are at risk of extinction under current management regimes, including 55 at high risk of extinction. Declining and imperilled taxa are concentrated in a relatively small number of regions and habitats, and six threatening processes are driving the majority of declines. Field surveys and robust, repeatable monitoring are required to better inform population trends and extinction risk, as well as inform the status of almost 200 taxa that are potentially imperilled but poorly known. Identification of declining taxa can identify key issues for flora conservation across a continent, and allow for targeted and efficient recovery efforts.