Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Event Studies'

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1

Eriksson, Katarina, and Maja Sollerud. "Event - ett relationsskapande verktyg." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-5208.

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Sammanfattning

Titel: Event – ett relationsskapande verktyg

Nyckelord: eventmarknadsföring, relationer, kommunikation

Frågeställning: Hur fungerar event som ett relationsskapande verktyg?

Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur event påverkar, förstärker och utvecklar relationen mellan företag (uppdragsgivare) och konsument (besökare).

Metod: Det är en kvalitativ studie med ett deduktivt angreppssätt. Sex öppna individuella intervjuer har genomförts, detta för att ämnet skall vara helt uttömt.

Teoretisk referensram: Den teoretiska referensramen inleds med en bakgrund till ämnet eventmarknadsföring. Vidare följs detta upp av teorier angående relationer och kommunikation.

Empirisk studie: Data är insamlad via öppna individuella intervjuer som har skett via telefon eller ett personligt möte med tre eventbyråer och tre företag som använder event i sin marknadsföring.

Slutsats: Event fungerar som ett relationsskapande verktyg i den mån att det påverkar, förstärker och utvecklar relationer. Detta görs med hjälp av inslag, så som sinnen, som ej nyttjas lika frekvent i vanliga marknadsföringskanaler. Även om event är ett väl fungerande verktyg för att skapa relationer, krävs det uppföljning för att relationen skall hållas vid liv.

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2

Andreasson, Leijon Joakim, and Daniel Nehl. "Event Marketing : En fallstudie av Fjällräven." Thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6039.

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Information och reklam finns överallt, på TV, radio, tidningar, och nu senast stripade på tunnelbanevagnar, vilket gör att reklamen får det svårare att tränga igenom det allt tätare mediebruset. Med detta som bakgrund kan man se en trend till det ökade användandet av Event Marketing, vilket är en kommunikationsform som genom evenemang ska stärka varumärket eller skapa ett mervärde. Event Marketing utformas beroende på målen och syftet med evenemanget, vilket vanligtvis är att skapa ett intresse för produkten eller tjänsten och att öka försäljningen, men hur skapas detta genom ett evenemang? Detta tar oss in på syftet med studien, där vi vill belysa och klargöra vad Event Marketing är för något och hur det används i syftet att skapa relationer och öka försäljningen hos företag. Event Marketing är ett outforskat område, informationen, fick vi från de intervjuer som gjordes på två eventbyråer och en mediaförmedlare för att skapa en djupare förståelse. Dessa tre intervjuer ligger som grund för vår studie och intervju med Fjällräven. Uppsatsen har en karaktär av en kvalitativ fallstudiebaserad forskning med fokus på det hermeneutiska perspektivet. Vi anser att tid, plats och rum är mycket viktigt, eftersom detta skapar relationer och merförsäljning, vilket krävs att man noga har tänkt igenom vad som ska kommuniceras, och sedan ser till att man anpassar evenemanget efter målgruppens intressen och preferenser. Event Marketing är relationsskapande, eftersom konsumenten får möjlighet att aktivt deltaga. Detta skapar ett större engagemang från konsumentens sida och att målgruppen lättare kommer ihåg varumärket när det kommer till ett beslut om köp. En direkt kontakt mellan företag och konsumenter, ger en unika chans att synas och höras i det kompakta mediebruset. Företag kan genom Event Marketing fysiskt möta och påverka den tilltänkta målgruppen samt bemöta dess frågor på ett kostnadseffektivt sätt

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3

Irani, Mohammad. "Essays on Mergers and Acquisitions and Event Studies." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-130260.

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This dissertation consists of three studies on the anticipation of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and its impact on takeover event studies.  Article I investigates whether the market can anticipate both takeovers and their payment forms prior to their announcement dates. This article also proposes a new time-series approach for detecting the ex-ante deal-anticipation and payment-form anticipation dates. The results indicate that the majority of deals and their payment forms are anticipated much earlier than has been documented in previous takeover studies. Moreover, controlling for the anticipation dates matters for explaining the choice of payment method in M&As. Article II studies how assuming that M&As are unpredictable during the estimation window affects the measurement of abnormal returns. The results show that a part of takeover synergy is indeed incorporated into the stock prices during the estimation window of previous studies, around the deal-anticipation dates. This article estimates the parameters of the expected return model from the pre-anticipation period to control the consequences of ex-ante anticipation on the estimates of abnormal returns. Using the anticipation-adjusted approach significantly improves the estimation of the event-window abnormal returns, and provides new insights into some well-documented takeover results. Article III examines how the abnormal returns are affected when a standard event study assumes that the parameters of the expected return model are stable. Using a sample of firm takeovers, the results indicate that the parameters are indeed unstable. This article introduces a time-varying market model to account for the dynamics of merging likelihood when it estimates the abnormal returns. The findings show that the stability assumption causes a standard event study to overestimate significantly the abnormal returns to the target and acquirer shareholders.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript.

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4

Young, Malcolm Philip. "Exploratory accross-stimulus studies in event-related potentials." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14740.

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Event-related potentials (ERPs) were evoked by visually presented words in a number of experimental paradigms. The question of which linguistic factors, if any, underlie differences between visual word ERPs was addressed. These studies identified 3 factors as predictors of ERF variance. Studies of ERPs in language processing tasks are selectively reviewed, and methodological problems associated with ERPs evoked by non-identical stimuli are discussed. The importance of an understanding of the linguistic factors which underlie ERP differences is outlined, and a methodology for approaching this issue is set out. The statistical procedure necessary to address the question is developed and described in Chapter Two. This procedure was a quantitative modelling strategy, based on multidimensional scaling and PROCRUSTES rotation. Five quantitative modelling studies were undertaken. These experiments involved two experimental tasks, a passive exposure task in which the subjects attended but did not respond to the stimuli (experiment 1) and a category membership decision task (experiments 2 to 5). Words drawn from two semantic categories were employed. ERPs were evoked by individual members of the category of colour names (experiments 1 to 3) and by members of the category of furniture terms (experiments 4 and 5). The results of these studies suggested that word length was the important factor in the early part of the post-stimulus epoch and that this factor was followed by semantic similarity. A late positivity was present in the decision task ERPs whose modulation was related to word frequency. These results were validated by two conventionally analysed experiments which examined the relation between word length and repetition and that between word frequency and repetition. It is concluded that three factors underlie ERP variance in the experimental paradigms employed. These factors are word length (physical extent was not dissociated from length in letters), word frequency and semantic similarity. These results may inform issues of experimental control in future studies of ERPs and language processing, may suggest some reassessment of existing studies in which control was not effected for these factors and may have provided a method of wider utility in cognitive neuroscience. The results suggest that systematic information can be derived about the linguistic characteristics of individual words from single word ERPs.
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5

Edlund, Malin, and Henny Gerdin. "Event Marketing and Recruitment : A qualitative study of What Companies in Northern Sweden Think About Event Marketing and Recruitment." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-36523.

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6

Sibly, Suzyrman. "Analyses of work absenteeism using event history models." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270174.

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7

Yick, Yee Ying. "Event related potential studies of recognition memory for faces." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55891/.

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The retrieval processes supporting recognition memory for faces were investigated using event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioural measures. The ERP old/new effects elicited by faces were investigated in five experiments in which participants were required to distinguish between old and new (studied and non-studied) faces. A direct comparison between the ERP old/new effects elicited by faces and words in an old/new recognition memory task in Experiment 1 provided evidence for at least one common old/new effect, as well as evidence for a material-specific retrieval effect that was only present for faces. The subsequent experiments employed "recognition confidence judgments" (Experiments 2 and 3) and "source memory" manipulations (Experiments 4 and 5) to separate neural activity that might be tied to the processes of recollection and familiarity. Across the two recognition confidence experiments, reliable old/new effects were evident mainly for responses that attracted high confidence judgments, and there was little evidence for modulations that were sensitive to the level of recognition confidence systematically. These data indicate that ERPs index memory processes supporting face judgments that are linked to recollection. The two source memory experiments also revealed superior old/new effects which covered both frontal and parietal scalps and which were larger for those correct old responses that attracted correct rather than incorrect source judgments. The ERP data thus provides strong evidence for neural indices of recollection across all experiments. It might be regarded as surprising that, given the findings in ERP studies with verbal materials, no strong evidence for an ERP correlate of familiarity was found in the ERP data. In Experiment 4, a mid-frontal old/new effect in the 300-500ms time window was present for all correct old responses, and was insensitive to the source judgments, suggesting that this modulation is a neural index of familiarity. This pattern of data, however, was not replicated in Experiment 5 when a more rigorous separation between familiarity- and recollection-based responding was employed. These ERP findings are considered in the context of dual-process theories of recognition memory and their broad application across markedly different kinds of studied materials.
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8

Spackman, L. "Event-related potential studies of somatosensory detection and discrimination." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444956/.

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This thesis contains four studies, the first examining methodology issues and four subsequent ones examining somatosensory cortical processing using event-related potentials (ERPs). The methodology section consists of 2 experiments. The first compared the latency variability in stimulus presentation between 3 computers. The second monitored the applied force of the vibration stimuli under experimental conditions to ensure that the chosen method for somatosensory stimulus presentation was consistent and reliable. The next study involved 3 experiments that aimed to characterize the mid to long latency somatosensory event-related potentials to different duration vibratory stimuli using both intracranial and scalp recording. The results revealed differences in the waveform morphology of the responses to and on-off responses, which had not previously been noted in the somatosensory system. The third and fourth studies each consisted of 2 experiments. These examined the discrimination between vibratory stimuli using an odd-ball paradigm to try to obtain a possible 'mismatch' response, similar to that reported in the auditory system. The aim of this study was to clarify some of the discrepancies in the literature surrounding the somatosensory mismatch response and to further characterize this response. The results from intracranial and scalp ERP recordings showed a two-component, negative-positive mismatch response over the anterior parietal region and a negative component over the superior pre-frontal region in response to changes in both frequency and duration. The negative component over the frontal region had never before been described. The last study explored possible interactions between somatosensory and auditory cortical potentials in response to spatially and temporally synchronized auditory and vibratory stimuli. The results showed clear interactions in the cortical responses to combined auditory and somatosensory stimuli in both standard and mismatch conditions.
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9

Allan, Kevin. "Event-related potential studies of explicit retrieval from memory." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14696.

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In six studies, Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) were employed to investigate the neural basis of conscious (explicit) retrieval from long term memory. The studies provide the first detailed reports of ERP effects associated with explicit retrieval on tests of word-stem (e.g. TRE) cued recall and stem completion. The relationship between the cued recall ERP effects and those previously observed on other tests of memory was also investigated. This was done by directly contrasting ERP correlates of explicit retrieval on the cued recall and recognition memory tasks. Two features of the cued recall and recognition memory ERP effects were found to be highly similar: ERP effects for each task were comprised of parietally and frontally distributed components which differed, as a function of task, only in two respects. First, the parietal effect for cued recall appeared to be somewhat delayed in onset latency relative to that for recognition memory. Second, the hemispheric asymmetry of the frontal effect for cued recall was less marked than that for recognition memory. The two ERP components were interpreted in terms of processes contributing to the recollection of previous episodes in which words were presented for study. A basic distinction between retrieval and post-retrieval processes was invoked to provide a functional account for the two components. The parietal component was related to retrieval processing associated with 'old/new' judgements. The frontal component was related to post-retrieval processing of retrieved information, which may be more under strategic control, and therefore sensitive to factors extrinsic to those affecting retrieval success per se. In conjunction with the findings of other ERP studies of long term memory, the present results suggest that similar electrophysiological and cognitive processes may be involved in retrieval and post-retrieval processing on a wide range of memory tasks. It is proposed that, under certain conditions, a common feature of these tasks may be the requirement to engage working memory, to monitor explicit retrieval processing.
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10

Grant, Jennifer L. "Market perception of defense mergers in the United States 1990-2006 a case of event studies /." Thesis, Monterey, California, Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/38041.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine and analyze whether or not there was a statistically significant reaction in financial markets to the announcements of U.S. defense contractor consolidations (mergers and acquisitions) from January 1990 to December 2006. This analysis is accomplished through the use of two series of event studies, employing first the arithmetic and then the logarithmic returns against the S&P 500 index, involving the top five defense contractors: Boeing, Lockheed Martin, General Dynamics, Raytheon and Northrop Grumman. Many studies have been conducted using the event study methodology, and the results have shown in some cases that stock prices do respond to new information. The assumpton has been maintained that the market responds rationally to such announcements. In contrast, the announcements of the acquisition of publicly traded firms by other publicly traded firms have not always had a consistently significant beneficial effect on the shareholder wealth of the acquiring firms (Schipper & Thompson, 1983). Results of this case study further support the latter assertion, and add to the body of research involving event studies.
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11

Doruff, Sher. "The translocal event and the polyrhythmic diagram." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2006. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/2278/.

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This thesis identifies and analyses the key creative protocols in translocal performance practice, and ends with suggestions for new forms of transversal live and mediated performance practice, informed by theory. It argues that ontologies of emergence in dynamic systems nourish contemporary practice in the digital arts. Feedback in self-organised, recursive systems and organisms elicit change, and change transforms. The arguments trace concepts from chaos and complexity theory to virtual multiplicity, relationality, intuition and individuation (in the work of Bergson, Deleuze, Guattari, Simondon, Massumi, and other process theorists). It then examines the intersection of methodologies in philosophy, science and art and the radical contingencies implicit in the technicity of real-time, collaborative composition. Simultaneous forces or tendencies such as perception/memory, content/ expression and instinct/intellect produce composites (experience, meaning, and intuition- respectively) that affect the sensation of interplay. The translocal event is itself a diagram - an interstice between the forces of the local and the global, between the tendencies of the individual and the collective. The translocal is a point of reference for exploring the distribution of affect, parameters of control and emergent aesthetics. Translocal interplay, enabled by digital technologies and network protocols, is ontogenetic and autopoietic; diagrammatic and synaesthetic; intuitive and transductive. KeyWorx is a software application developed for realtime, distributed, multimodal media processing. As a technological tool created by artists, KeyWorx supports this intuitive type of creative experience: a real-time, translocal “jamming” that transduces the lived experience of a “biogram,” a synaesthetic hinge-dimension. The emerging aesthetics are processual – intuitive, diagrammatic and transversal.
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Miller, Sally Alexandra. "Fantasy, desire and the event in trauma studies and crash." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445241.

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13

Barclay, Lorna M. "Modelling and reasoning with chain event graphs in health studies." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/63223/.

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The Chain Event Graph (CEG) is a new class of graphical model, first introduced in Smith and Anderson [2008], which is derived from a probability tree by merging vertices whose associated conditional probabilities are the same. It is proving to be a useful framework for modelling asymmetric problems and further generalises the Bayesian Network (BN), by allowing for context-specific dependence structures between the variables of the problem. This thesis provides a first demonstration of the value of using the CEG in real-world applications and the new techniques developed here are motivated by problems that arise from two health studies; the Christchurch Health and Development Study (CHDS) and the UK Cerebral Palsy (UKCP) Cohort Study. A direct comparison of the BN and CEG on the CHDS demonstrates that the CEG can lead to significantly higher scoring models than the BN and further that it enables additional conclusions to be drawn on the health study directly from the topology of its graph. An extension of the CEG, the Ordinal CEG, is developed in this thesis, which further enhances the graphical representation of the CEGs for studies with a binary outcome. Motivated by the UKCP this thesis further investigates how missing data structures can be explicitly represented by a CEG and how its graph can consequently provide a precise understanding of the influence of missingness. Finally, a dynamic version of the CEG is developed and it is demonstrated how this new class of models generalises the Dynamic BN and is further closely linked to (semi-) Markov processes. The expressiveness of this model is illustrated through a fictional example.
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Goes, Jean Sampaio. "Fusion Sadia / PerdigÃo: Case Analysis in the event studies methodology." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16211.

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nÃo hÃ
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal identificar o efeito competitivo da fusÃo entre Sadia e PerdigÃo, no mercado de alimentos do Brasil. Como ambas as empresas possuem aÃÃes na Bolsa de Valores, um bom mÃtodo para verificar esse efeito competitivo à o Estudo de Eventos. Essa metodologia tem como mÃrito, a objetividade, podendo inferir sobre hipÃteses relativamente simples: se a fusÃo for prÃcompetitiva, os ditos retornos anormais das rivais Ãs firmas fusionadas apresentarÃo sinais negativos, caso contrÃrio, a fusÃo poderà ser considerada anticompetitiva. Para base de dados, usamos como fonte, o IBOVESPA, alÃm de dados da ECONOMÃTICA. O modelo economÃtrico à um tradicional MQO. Os retornos, dentro da trajetÃria normal dos ativos financeiros serÃo calculados a partir de uma janela de estimaÃÃo e, os retornos anormais serÃo calculados dentro da janela do evento. Testes serÃo feitos para verificar a significÃncia estatÃstica desses dados. Os resultados do trabalho mostram que a fusÃo nÃo pode ser considerada prÃcompetitiva, os quais sÃo consistentes com a decisÃo do CADE.
This study's main objective is to try to identify the competitive effect of the merger between Sadia and PerdigÃo in the food market in Brazil. Since both companies have shares in the Stock Exchange, a good method to check this competitive effect is by using the Event Study. This methodology has the merit objectivity and may result in relatively simple cases: if the merger is procompetitive , the abnormal returns of rivals of the merged firms showed negative signs, otherwise, the merger may be considered anticompetitive. For database, it was used as source the Ibovespa, and data ECONOMATICA. The econometric model is a traditional OLS. The returns within the normal trajectory of financial assets will be calculated from a estimation window and the abnormal returns are calculated within the event window. Tests will be done to check the statistical significance of the data. Results of the study show that the merger can not be considered procompetitive. Results consistent with the decision of CADE.
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Donaldson, David Ian. "Event-related potential studies of explicit memory for associative information." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14689.

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Previous studies employing event related potentials (ERPs) have investigated the neural correlates of explicit memory using item recognition and source memory tests. These studies suggest that recollection, the retrieval of information about specific prior study episodes, is associated with two temporally and topographically dissociable ERP old/new effects. First, the 'left parietal' effect (found in studies of item and source memory) which provides an index of the retrieval processes supporting recollection. Second, the 'right frontal' effect (found in studies of source memory) which is thought to be associated with more strategic task-related 'post-retrieval' memory processes. In the present thesis the ERP old/new effects were investigated in five experiments using tests of explicit memory for associative information. In each experiment subjects studied novel word pairs, and memory for these associations was assessed using associative recognition and associative recall tasks. Consistent with previous behavioural studies that suggest associative recognition is dependent upon recollection, performance on this task was associated with both the left parietal and right frontal old/new effects. Moreover, successful associative recall was associated with equivalent old/new effects, contrary to previous findings that suggest performance on this task is associated with the left parietal but not the right frontal old/new effect. Whilst the findings support the previous functional account of the left parietal old/new effect, they necessitate the refinement of the account of the right frontal old/new effect. Significantly, the ERP findings suggest that the right frontal old/new effect can be dissociated from an early bilaterally-distributed frontal old/new effect that cannot be accounted for in terms of strategic post-retrieval processing. Finally, an alternative account of the frontal effects is proposed, drawing on evidence from neuroimaging studies, and distinguishing between pre- and post-retrieval support processes.
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Massey, Neil Robert. "Validation of a climate model for extreme event attribution studies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a2f23b37-6148-4e1b-90b2-becc09791ad8.

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Probabilistic event attribution (PEA) presents a method of quantifying the change in risk of extreme weather events, both in magnitude and probability of occurrence, due to an- thropogenic climate change. Studies have so far covered numerous different extreme events in different regions (Stott et al., 2016). One method of PEA relies on computing large ensembles of climate models for two different climate scenarios, one which represents the observed climate forcings, and another the climate forcings with anthropogenic greenhouse gas contributions removed. Other PEA studies using different methodologies have also been conducted. Until now there has been no formal validation of the climate models used in PEA studies. This thesis presents two ways of validating the models and applies these methods to a very large ensemble of a climate model simulating the observed climate for the period 1960 to 2010. The premise is, that for an attribution statement to be meaningful, the model should be able to accurately represent relevant weather statistics over a range of climate scenarios. In order to compare to observations, the period 1960-2010 is used as the range of scenarios. Conceived as an e-Science project, this thesis presents technical development of method- ologies in the detection and attribution of extreme weather events to climate change. The first method identifies and tracks storm-like features in meteorological data. A novel set of algorithms transforms the meteorological data to a hierarchical equal-area triangular grid, identifies storm-like feature points in the data and grows the points into objects. These objects are tracked as they evolve over time by a hybrid prediction-optimisation routine, which minimises a cost function to find a locally optimal set of feature tracks. Applying the algorithms to the large ensemble of climate models, and also to the ERA-Interim data, shows that the model can successfully capture the track length, persistence and position of low-pressure systems over Europe. However, the depression depth of the systems is not as well represented. The second method applies a forecast verification technique to the distributions of climate variables. Comparing the temperature, precipitation, mean sea level pressure (MSLP) and winds between the large ensemble and ERA-40 and ERA-Interim shows that the model can accurately represent temperature, precipitation and windspeed variables over Europe, after a bias correction has been applied. However, for low MSLP, there are irreparable biases in the low tails of the distribution. Overall, it is shown that using a large ensemble of climate models is a valid method of investigating the change in risk of extreme weather events due to climate change, as long as the variable to be attributed is carefully chosen.
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Oke, Adetola. "Disturbance Decoupling Problem for Discrete-Event Systems with Applications." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10127217.

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This thesis presents the new investigations on the disturbance decoupling problem (DDP) for the geometric control of max-plus linear systems, which are used to model discrete event systems such as transportation networks, queuing systems, and communication networks. The classical DDP concept in the geometric control theory means that the controlled outputs will not be changed by any disturbances. In practical manufacturing systems, solving for the DDP would require further delays on the output parts than the existing delays caused by the system breakdown, which will be less practical in real applications. The new proposed modified disturbance decoupling problem (MDDP) in this thesis ensures that the controlled output signals will not be delayed more than the existing delays caused by the disturbances in order to achieve the just-in-time optimal control. Furthermore, this thesis presents the integration of output feedback and open-loop control strategies to solve for the MDDP, as well as for the DDP. The main results of this thesis are illustrated by using timed event graph models of a high throughput screening system in drug discovery and a railway transport network.

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Karlsson, Emelie. "Svart bälte i ryktesspridning och events : [en studie i PR-strategierna Buzz och Event marketing]." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-4301.

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Syftet med studien är att reda ut vilken roll strategierna Buzz och Event marketing har i PR-branschen idag samt hur de strategiska kommunikatörerna och målgruppen förhåller sig till dem. Studien undersöker också de behov och möjligheter strategierna i kombination har och ska på så sätt generera ny kunskap till grund för strategiernas fortsatta utveckling.

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Roos, Kristina, and Tommy Andersson. "Många bäckar små... : En studie i hur event marknadsföringens komponenter påverkar effekten och upplevelsen av ett event." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-31610.

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Då företag idag är utsatta för ständig konkurrens gäller att dessa utformar sin marknadsföring för att passa de preferenser som dess målgrupp innehar och för att tränga igenom det brus dagens mediala samhälle kännetecknas av.

Event marknadsföring har de senaste årtiondena uppmärksammats, dock är forskningen inom ämnet relativt ny och således har olika marknadsföringsteorier inte tidigare applicerats på events för att förstå dess genomslagskraft och effekt.

Detta resonemang har lett oss till vår problemformulering:  Vilka skillnader och likheter finns mellan företagets och kundernas uppfattning av event marknadsföring?

Studiens huvudsyfte är att kartlägga de faktorer som avgör ett events verkan på samtliga deltagare. Inom ramen för detta avser vi identifiera och beskriva de marknadsförings- och kommunikationsteorier som finnes lämpliga för att slutligen kunna ge våra synpunkter till företag som kan leda till en mer effektiv event marknadsföring.

Studien är baserad på en deduktiv ansats, där vi testat befintliga teorier mot vekligheten samt hur dessa kan tillämpas på event marknadsföring. Dessa teorier har vi integrerat med varandra för att ytterligare förstå eventets komponenter på ett sätt som vi tidigare inte sett inom forskningen.

Den datainsamling som skett under studiens gång är baserad på en kvantitativ metod. En enkätundersökning har gjorts på besökare av events för att skapa bredd i studien. För att även skapa ett djup har en intervju genomförts, med mål att förstå hur uppfattningen av event marknadsföring skiljer sig mellan, eller liknar, eventbesökarens och företagets.

Event marknadsföring är ett komplext begrepp. Vi begränsade oss därför till att undersöka fenomenet med utgångspunkt i teorier om kommunikation, marknadsföring, varumärke och konsumentbeteende för att slutligen sammanföra dessa till en utgångsmall som vi tror skulle kunna användas för att uppnå effektiv event marknadsföring.

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Cruse, Damian. "Event-related potential studies of prefrontal cortex contributions to episodic retrieval." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54347/.

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Although the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is known to play roles in episodic memory retrieval, the specific processes it supports are not fully understood. The high temporal resolution of the event-related potential (ERP) technique provides one fruitful avenue for investigations of these processes. However, the PFC-supported retrieval operations that may be indexed by ERPs are currently under-specified. The work contained in this thesis is concerned with providing a more specific characterisation of PFC-supported processes that operate during episodic retrieval than is available currently. To this end, Experiments One to Three were designed in order to assess the likely functional significance of one known modulation which has been identified in ERP studies of episodic retrieval - the right-frontal ERP old/new effect. This effect is widely assumed to reflect activity generated within the PFC. Experiments Four and Five extended this work to related issues which arose as a result of the outcomes of the initial experiments. All five experiments reported in this thesis employed source memory tasks in which participants studied a list of words presented in one of two contexts (or sources). These words were presented visually in one of two colours in Experiments One, Two, Three, and Five (Visual condition), and were presented auditorily in a male/female voice in Experiments Four and Five (Auditory condition). At test, in all experiments, all studied words were presented visually in white letters intermixed with unstudied (new) words. For words judged to have been encountered previously (old words), a second judgment was required. In Experiments One and Two, this was a binary decision regarding the source in which the word had been previously presented (study colour). In Experiments Three, Four, and Five, a high/low source confidence rating was also made. For the right-frontal ERP old/new effect, strong evidence was provided in Experiments One and Two to rule out the potential contributions of three aspects of task design that may have contributed to disparate and seemingly contradictory findings in the published literature. These were: the presence/absence of copy cues at test, response requirements at test, and the difficulty of the retrieval task. Experiment Three was designed in order to test directly a "number of decisions account" for the right-frontal old/new effect (Dobbins & Han, 2006 Hayama, Johnson, & Rugg, 2008), and provided strong evidence inconsistent with such an account. A serendipitous finding in this study was evidence for a left-frontal ERP old/new effect that was functionally and electrophysiologically dissociable from the right-frontal old/new effect, and which differentiated between high and low confidence correct source judgments. There was no evidence for this effect in Experiment Four, however, when auditory (male/female voice) rather than visual (pink/yellow letters) source information was to be retrieved at test, suggesting the content-specificity of this frontally distributed ERP effect. This possibility was tested directly in Experiment Five in which versions of Experiments Three and Four were completed within-participants. Two separable frontal old/new effects were observed. These effects differed in their scalp distributions as a function of the forms of episodic content that were retrieved (i.e. visual vs. auditory source). The scalp distributions of the frontal old/new effects across Experiments Three to Five also varied according to whether the data from the first or the second halves of retrieval phases were analysed. These qualitative changes in neural activity according to time on task are interpreted in terms of processes involved in the resolution of interference, which presumably increases during the course of a retrieval task. The implications of this finding for conclusions made on the basis of averaged measures of neural activity across the entirety of a retrieval task are also discussed. In combination, the data reported in this thesis provide evidence that ERPs are sensitive to multiple neurally, functionally, and temporally distinct PFC-supported processes which operate during episodic retrieval, and offer insights into the roles played by PFC during episodic retrieval.
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Cheng, Shih-Kuen. "Event-related brain potential studies of gist-based source memory errors." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410012.

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22

Ford, Matthew Thomas. "Studies of event shape observables with the OPAL detector at LEP." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615947.

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23

Kuo, Trudy Yang. "Cognitive Principles in Source Memory: Behavioral and Event-Related Potential Studies." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193740.

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Source memory is defined as memory for not only the core aspect of some event, but additional contextual detail about that core aspect, or item. Source memory tasks are marked by their engagement of prefrontal cortex in addition to the brain circuits required by other episodic memory tasks. The dissertation examines the relationships among source memory accuracy, concurrent brain activity, and general cognitive principles derived from the study of episodic memory more generally. Electrical measures of brain activity (event-related potentials, ERPs) were recorded while manipulating factors hypothesized to improve or worsen source memory accuracy.The first experiment manipulated the task assigned during the encoding phase and its match to the retrieval demands of remembering objects (depicted in drawings) and their colors. As predicted by the principle of transfer-appropriate processing, source accuracy was higher when the encoding task fostered integration of the item (object) and source (color) attributes. Prefrontal activity during the retrieval phase was greatly reduced when retrieval could benefit from transfer-appropriate processing.In associative memory tasks, poor memory performance is observed when the to-be-retained stimuli share elements with other studied stimuli, as in a variety of interference paradigms. The second experiment thus examined the impact of feature overlap on source recognition by varying the quantitative mapping between the shape and color of an object depicted in a drawing. The results showed two frontal processes supporting source retrieval: an early differentiation between stimuli identical to those encoded and those that switch colors from study to test, and a later effect reflecting prolonged memory search that was truncated by reinstating unique object-color pairings at test.The final experiment compared conjunctions of "intra-item" versus "extra-item" features, by placing the features within a single visual object or distributing them across two visual objects. Source accuracy was worse when shape and color were spatially separated, but prefrontal activity did not vary. The insensitivity of prefrontal ERPs to this perceptual manipulation of difficulty stands in contrast to their sensitivity to encoding task. Individual variability in parietal ERPs was strongly correlated with source accuracy, and likely reflects a contribution of visual working memory to long-term memory.
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Weber, Ann-Charlotte, and Serdar Yilmaz. "Event Marketing, a way to be seen, heard and connected : Six case studies of Event Marketing as a promotional tool." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2663.

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Problem statement: In what ways do companies work strategically with event marketing?

To answer the problem statement, the following research questions help us gain the necessary understandings:

  • What role does event marketing play in a company’s marketing mix?
  • What are the deciding factors that make companies select certain events?
  • What objectives do companies have with event marketing?
  • How do companies evaluate their event marketing?

Purpose: Through analyzing multiple case studies of event users and event organizers, this essay attempts to gain an understanding of how companies work strategically with event marketing as a promotional tool.

Method: Primary data collection was compiled through a series of six interviews of both event users and event organizers. This qualitative data has contributed towards the formulation of six case studies that outline the research findings. In addition to interviews, secondary data was compiled through literature, scientific articles, and internet-based materials.

Conclusion: The findings of this paper show that event marketing is an integrated promotional tool that is used to further strengthen a company’s comprehensive marketing mix. Companies’ objectives of event marketing are usually well-defined, but can differ a great deal between different companies and different kinds of events. With that said, one of the main objectives shared by nearly all kinds of events is the goal to affect the image of the brand. Furthermore, companies take several criteria into consideration when selecting a particular event to align with, but the findings show that the most important criteria is an event’s capacity to fulfil the goals stated with the event. Finally, companies experience that the evaluation of event effectiveness is difficult to measure. Whereas hard values such as number of visitors or television viewership is straightforward to gauge, soft values such as attitude, perception or image associations are much more difficult to quantify.  

 


Problemformulering: Hur arbetar företag strategiskt med Event Marketing?

Uppsatsens problemformulering besvaras genom slutsatser kring följande delfrågor: 

  • Vilken roll spelar Event Marketing i företagets marknadsföringsmix?
  • Vilka faktorer spelar in när ett företag väljer vilket evenemang man skall arbeta med?
  • Vilka målsättningar har företag med sin Event Marketing?
  • Hur utvärderar företag Event Marketing?

Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att genom en flerfallstudie av eventanvändare och eventarrangörer öka förståelsen för hur företag arbetar strategiskt med Event Marketing som promotionverktyg.

Metod: Uppsatsen utgår från en deduktiv ansats. I en kvalitativ flerfallstudie samlades primärdata in genom intervjuer med sex företag, varav tre eventanvändare och tre eventarrangörer. Sekundärdata samlades in genom litteraturstudie.

Slutsats: Uppsatsens studie visar att Event Marketing är ett eget integrerat promotionverktyg som används för att förstärka och komplettera de övriga delarna av ett företags marknadsföringsmix. Företag har idag väl identifierade målsättningar med sin Event Marketing. Vilka målsättningarna är varierar mellan företag och olika typer av evenemang, men imageöverföring från evenemang till varumärke har visat sig vara en målsättning som förekommer genomgående med de flesta former av evenemang. Det viktigaste kriteriet när ett företag väljer vilket evenemang man skall arbeta med är evenemangets förmåga att uppfylla företagets mål. Studien visar även att processen att utvärdera Event Marketing kan vara komplicerad, hårda värden som besöksantal och TV-tid upplevs dock som enklare att mäta än mjuka värden som attityd och imageuppfattning.

 

 

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Baker, Ryan R. "A Case Study Examining the Structure of the Event Process at California Polytechnic State University." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2030.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the structure of the event process on Cal Poly’s campus. An intrinsic case study method was used, and data were collected and analyzed using triangulation from three sources of information: documents, interviews, and participation research. Overall, the structure of the event management process on campus was found to be stable, but could use improvement. Cal Poly should consider establishing a specific, designated organization that would help centralize the event management process at Cal Poly. This organization could be in charge of training and updating event managers, approving events, monitoring volume of events on campus at a specific time, holding event managers accountable to following policies, and maintaining a website that would act as a hub for all event-related materials.
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Lundin, Linda, and Emma Björklund. "Välkommen till en minnesvärd upplevelse : En studie om Event Marketing." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2165.

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The society of today is overflowed with information and commercials. There is a thick media noise that the marketers finds hard to penetrate. Bearing this in mind, we can see that Event Marketing, witch is marketing through events, has grown to be a popular form of communication as it has an ability to work its way through the existing media noise. Through events a company can strengthen its brand and image as well as form a lasting relationship with its consumers. What other functions does Event Marketing possess? In what context is Event Marketing an appropriate marketing strategy to use? These are two questions that we aim to answer through this essay.

To be able to answer these questions we interviewed the marketing manager of two different companies, L´oréal and TeliaSonera. One of them sells hair care products and the other one sells telecommunications services.

We also interviewed two different Event Marketing bureaus, Subito and BSP-marketing, to be able to create a deeper understanding of the vast area of Event Marketing.

At last we interviewed two scientists within the area of marketing, to gain a wider objective of the subject Event Marketing. This essay is based on qualitative, case based research.

We analysed the empirics that we sampled from our informants through the different theories that we hade chosen to apply on this study. The results that we acquired helped us to answer our questions about Event Marketing.

We found out that Event Marketing, as stated, can help a company to produce lasting relations. Through an event the consumer gets an opportunity to actively participate which is creating a larger engagement from the consumers. This engagement helps the target audience to remember the brand when it is time for them to make a buying decision.

By letting the consumer themselves choose what event to attend they will also find the message that the company is trying to convey more trustworthy.

Through Event Marketing the companies are given a chance to physically meet and influence their target audiences. This physical contact between the consumer and the company helps the company to be heard and seen in the compact media noise that surrounds us today.

We also found out that it is possible to use Event Marketing as a strategy for all companies and on all target audience. It is, however, important that the event created has a clear goal and purpose.

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Lönroth, Karin, and Sarah Åkerlind. "Relationsskapande event - Inte alltid en dans på rosor." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-5569.

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Studiens syfte är att belysa och förklara de brister som relationsmarknadsföring genom relationsskapande event kan innebära. Detta för att komplettera teorin och ge ökad förståelse. Teorin inleds med relationsmarknadsföring, dess bakgrund, nyckelbegrepp och motiv. Studien övergår sedan till eventmarknadsföring och dess olikheter och motiv. Teorin avslutas sedan med relationsskapande eventmarknadsföring. Studien utgår från ett hermeneutiskts synsätt och har en deduktiv ansats som genomfördes med en kvalitativ undersökning. Intervjuerna gjordes via telefon med fyra svenska banker. I det empiriska avsnittet presenteras det som framkommit i de intervjuer som genomförts med hjälp av personer från fyra banker. Den teoretiska referensramen vävs i detta kapitel samman med det empiriska material som samlats in för att lättare kunna koppla och sammanlänka verkligheten med teorin. Problem förekommer vid relationsskapande event och de som förekommer är att det är svårt att få deltagare, svårt skapa kontakt vid eventet, nya relationer kan utebli och svårt mäta om eventet varit lönsamt.

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Bäckman, David, and Sofie Blomkvist. "Gränsöverskridande företagsförvärv : En event study av systematisk risk." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8820.

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Internationaliseringen har ökat under de senaste åren, och företag väljer att lägga delar av verksamheten utomlands. Tidigare forskning undersöker sambandet mellan denna diversifiering och dess konsekvenser för företagen. Gränsöverskridande diversifiering och företagsförvärv bör enligt tidigare forskning ge en lägre systematisk risk då risken sprids ut över flera marknader.

Syftet med studien är att se om tidigare forsknings resultat går att tillämpa idag när svenska företag gör gränsöverskridande företagsförvärv. Vi har valt att applicera en event study-metodik för att undersöka detta samband enligt marknadsmodellen. Studien undersöker 66 svenska fall av gränsöverskridande företagsförvärv, gjorda under perioden 2005 – 2007.

Resultatet visar att tidigare empiri, att företagen skulle ha lägre systematisk risk efter ett gränsöverskridande företagsförvärv, inte går att tillämpa idag på de svenska företagen. Studien finner en ökad systematisk risk efter företagsförvärven, vilket tyder på att ingång på nya marknader i dagens globaliserade samhälle inte ger den lägre systematiska risk som tidigare kunnat påvisas. Även om ett statistiskt signifikant samband funnits för en ökning av systematisk risk uppvisar hälften av de undersökta företagen en lägre systematisk risk efter förvärvet, vilket tyder på att det är andra faktorer förknippade med företagsförvärvet som avgör den slutgiltiga effekten.

III

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29

Biswas, Pipasha Nandy. "Adverse events during antidepressant treatment : prescription event monitoring studies with mirtazapine and paroxetine in general medical practice in England." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427436.

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30

Lundqvist, Ida, and Sofia Widström. "Att planera och genomföra ett varumärkesvärde-ökande event : inom detaljhandeln på butiksnivå." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-606.

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Eventmarknadsföring är i ropet just nu beroende på att det är ett sätt att kommunicera direkt till konsumenterna och påverka dem under en längre period. Denna uppsats behandlar hur en arrangör ska gå tillväga för att lyckas med att planera och genomföra ett varumärkesvärdeökande event. Särskilt om eventet har syftet att ses som ett startskott för framtida varumärkesvärde-ökande marknadskommunikation. Vi har använt den planeringsprocess som Shone och Parry gjort och sedan utvecklat denna för att den ska vara användbar till vårt syfte. Shone och Parry's modell innehåller det som krävs för att planera och genomföra ett event, allt ifrån målsättning till utvärdering efter genomförandet. Vår utveckling består av två moment vilka vi lade till i planeringsprocessen. Dels en marknadsundersökning på målgruppen, leverantörerna samt ett moment där utformning av upplevelserummet tog plats. För att ta reda på om vår utveckling av modellen fungerade har vi gjort en fallstudie tillsammans en lokal butik. Vi planerade och genomförde ett varumärkesvärde-ökande event med syfte att stärka butikens varumärke i den önskade målgruppens medvetande. Den empiriska undersökningen bestod av tre delar där den största delen utgörs av tre stycken öppna gruppintervjuer med ungdomar mellan 18-25 år vilka tillhör butikens önskade målgrupp. Det resultat gruppintervjuerna medförde använde vi oss av för att utforma eventets upplevelserum och göra eventet attraktivt för målgruppen. Efter att vi planerat och genomfört eventet kan vi konstatera att ett varumärkesvärde-ökande event inte hade uppnåtts utan vår vidareutveckling av Shone och Parry’s planeringsprocess. Detta eftersom en arrangör aldrig kan vara säker på att träffa rätt gällande konsumenternas attityder kring butiksvarumärket, upplevelserummet, shopping och deras intressen och kunna utforma ett tilltalande event för målgruppen.

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Atallah, Zackarias, and Amrani Nassim El. "Follow the Insider : An event study on the impact of Insider transactions." Thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-5965.

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Although there are as many trading strategies as there are people in this world, the traditional opinion is that investments should be based on sound fundamental analysis which in turn is partly based on information that by law should be given to the financial market without delay. The Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) states that prices quickly adjust to new information and that current prices are accurately reflected by all the information about the asset in question (Fama, 1970). Thus, no investor should have an advantage in forecasting future stock prices since no one is supposed to have access to information that has not already been made public. But what if the markets do not apprehend important information immediately? What if there are asymmetries that are being taken advantage of? The aim of our Master thesis was to study the phenomena of Insider trading and the potential abnormal returns these may cause. In other words, the question we asked was whether replicating Insiders is a good trading strategy? The findings from our comprehensive study and its results speak of a considerable high abnormal return. The following computations of the statistical significance of our results further reinforce the credibility in them. This implies, in contrast to other similar studies made in Sweden, that it in fact is possible to gain on Insider trading.

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32

Edenfelt, Lukas, and Miriam Sellén. "Event Marketing : En alternativ väg till kund lojalitet." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-724.

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33

Ni, Ming. "Using Social Media to Predict Traffic Flow under Special Event Conditions." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1546950.

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Social media is great resource of user-generated contents. Public attention, opinion and hot topics can be captured in the social media, which provides the ability to predict human related events. Since social media can be retrieved in real time with no building cost and no maintenance cost, traffic operation authorizes probably identify the social media data as another type sensor for traffic demand. In this thesis, we aim to use social media information to assist traffic flow prediction under special event conditions. Specially, a short-term traffic flow prediction model, incorporated with tweet features, is developed to forecast the incoming traffic flow prior sport game events. Both tweet rate features and semantic features are included in the prediction model. We examine and compare the performance of four regression methods, respectively autoregressive model, neural networks model, support vector regression, and k-nearest neighbor, with and without social media features. To the end, we show the benefit gained by including social media information in the prediction model and its computational efficiency for potential practical applications.

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34

Dzulkifli, Mariam Adawiah. "Event related brain potential studies of strategic retrieval processing in episodic memory." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55403/.

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The relationship between three classes of retrieval processes -- orientation, effort and success -- was investigated using event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioural measures. Participants studied words in two different contexts in 5 experiments. In subsequent test phases they responded positively to old words from one study context (targets), and negatively to old words from the alternate context (non-targets) as well as to new words. In experiments 1-4 participants completed different study-test cycles across which target designation was varied. The contrasts between the ERPs evoked by new test words separated according to target designation in Experiment 1 revealed correlates of processes that form part of a retrieval attempt, but in that experiment effort and orientation were confounded. In Experiment 2, effort and orientation were systematically manipulated. The key finding was that the degree of engagement in an orientation varies with task difficulty. In Experiment 3 differences between ERPs elicited by new words were different to those in Experiments 1 and 2, providing support for the concept of orientation as different encoding tasks were employed in Experiment 3. These correlates of retrieval orientation were proposed to influence selective recollection, because the left-parietal old/new effect -- the ERP signature of recollection -- was evident for targets and not for non-targets in Experiment 3. This hypothesis was supported by the findings in Experiment 4, where left-retrieval old new effect were evident for both targets and non-targets, while indices of orientation were less evident than in Experiment 3
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Cunha, de Sousa Ines Pereira Silva. "Analysis of Repeated Measurements and Time-to-Event Outcomes in Longitudinal Studies." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504199.

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Pearsall, Nels A. "Use of Event Studies to Estimate Brand Value: A Comparison of Methodologies." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9855.

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Stock market event studies are often used to estimate the impact of an unanticipated event on stock returns of a company. Traditionally, these analyses focus on developing estimates of abnormal returns attributed to the event or some measure of post-event loss in shareholder value. In 1989 Mark Mitchell used an event study to estimate the impact of the 1982 Tylenol poisonings on Johnson & Johnson's share returns. Mark Mitchell was able to demonstrate that (1) Johnson & Johnson share returns were significantly impacted by the poisonings, and (2) such an impact translated, at least in part, to a depreciation of brand name capital. This study sets forth the basic framework of Mark Mitchell's 1989 analysis and wherever appropriate, provides possible alternatives to his methodologies. Using several alternative approaches including, but not necessarily limited to, consideration of the incremental values associated with the Tylenol brand name, cost to develop the brand, alternative market factors, and changes in income streams I compare changes in brand value to brand name capital depreciation estimated by Mitchell. In some instances the aforementioned approaches are used in conjunction with aspects of Mitchell's methodology. The results tend to provide more accurate estimates of the loss in brand value possibly associated with the 1982 poisonings.
Master of Arts
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Mendez, Soledad (Candace Soledad). "MEGA-Event Stadiums as vehicles for urban transformation : an argument for integration." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59761.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2010.
Vita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 205-212).
All cultures across the world engage in significant public events whether religious, traditional or competitive. Many of these celebrations, small or large, are central to their communities and cultures, bringing people together on common grounds. Events of this nature have had a long history of contributions to the built environment; often they are a means to exhibit the newest building technologies and national pride and serve as catalysts for urban regeneration. Mega sporting events such as the Olympic games and the World Cup soccer tournaments are classic examples of hallmark events. They have the ability to attract worldwide attention as people from across the globe join together in the host city to cheer for their favorite competitors. These events can correct misconceptions, blur cultural boundaries and even transcend wars, as in the civil war truce in the Ivory Coast during the 2006 World Cup. The cultural and social impacts that reverberate in host cities can be felt across the world. Mega-events leave a footprint on these cities, physically, economically and socially. It has been argued that these enormous endeavors are worth their equally enormous costs as they often aim to be important catalysts for urban transformation. The international spotlight on the host cities is sufficient reason to draw a large pool of bidders hoping to host these prestigious events. The pride in hosting the event and the opportunity to enhance a nation's image on a worldwide stage can spur investment and growth for the country and city in which the games are located. In addition, the events are a means to focus national and local attention on general improvements, infrastructure projects and the city's expansion. The stadium has the power of becoming the iconic and identifying image of a place; it is more than just a place where sports are held, it is the heart of the people and center of the city. How the structures built for this one-time purpose will be integrated into the future of these cities is a perennial question. These Mega-Events will continue to be planned and executed, if anything, with more grandeur and lavish spending; it is crucial, therefore, that host-cities achieve progress through these urban transformations on the greater goal of serving the long-term needs of their permanent inhabitants. Site selection is the first, and perhaps most important, step in the process of bidding for and executing these mega events. The site location can have great implications on both the event itself as well as the host city. Amongst other things site selection will produce a ripple effect onto other mega planning efforts such as infrastructure, transportation and long-term urban design goals. In this thesis, I examine World Cup stadia as an example of mega-event structures, their design principles, development, and long-term use. I posit that careful site selection and innovative design and programming can allow these facilities to thrive as economic and social assets for their host cities both during and well after the event. Furthermore, I argue that the archetypal stadium form needs to be reconsidered in the light of long term impacts and benefits to cities. I suggest that much can be learned from the piazza - another classic urban public form - about how to design a stadium that can function as a connective element in a network of public urban spaces. Through a thorough analysis of the piazza form, I draw inherent characteristics of the piazza and attempt to overlap these on the stadium form. I argue that this flexibility will maximize post-event use of the stadium and enable it to be integrated into the urban fabric and the larger future visions for a city. Planning and design efforts can expand the life and viability of the stadiums both during the event and long after, by supporting the every-day life of their communities.
by Soledad Mendez.
M.C.P.
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Barhamain, Sami Y. "Facilities planning and management for the large-scale event industry with a particular reference to a typical mega-event, the Hajj (the pilgrimage to Makkah, Saudi Arabia)." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1997. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21346.

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The large-scale event industry is an ever growing and profitable business, and it is important to the economy of the host country. Based on the proposition that the determinants of an event's success are the quality of (1) its programme, and (2) the facilities and services available for such an event, this study explores the importance of the facilities and services required within venues for large-scale events with respect to the actual users' perceptions. This area has been neglected in the related literature and research. The current research will contribute to the overall knowledge concerning the large-scale event industry, improve the future practices of such an industry, and facilitate further research in this area. The Hajj, i.e. the annual Islamic pilgrimage to Makkah and the Holy Places, Saudi Arabia, is a typical mega-event, and it was used as a vehicle to meet the research objectives. Mega-events involve a large number of diverse population who come from different parts of the world. With regard to this factor a quantitative research approach was employed to collect and analyse the research data, and an exclusive tool (i.e. a questionnaire) to measure the participants' perceptions concerning the importance of facilities and services was constructed. From the results, five indexes were developed to comprise the various aspects and types of facilities and services required within the different Hajj venues. It is found that the types of facilities and services required in a particular venue correlates to the programme taking place in that venue. It is revealed that security and safety are perceived by participants as being a highly important factor required during mega-events. Other facilities and services are also of concern to participants as detailed in the research. It is concluded that both physical (e.g. buildings), and non physical aspects of facilities and services (e.g. appropriate treatment of participants), and the interactions between them, are important, and ought to be considered in further research, as well as in the practices of the large-scale event industry. Six factors are found to have a clear and dominant effect on the participants' perceptions regarding the importance of facilities and services. The factors concern: nationality; verbal communication; participants' age; travelling experience; training and orientation; and resident and non-resident of the host country. The proposition concerning the two determinants of an event's success is supported by the research's findings, and it is argued that beside the programme quality, the success of a mega-event depends mainly on the availability, accessibility, affordability, and presentability of facilities and services. It is revealed that the event industry involves various aspects, including: people; places; environment; processes; and business activities. The most commonly used approaches in managing events do not incorporate these aspects totally. Because the managing of such aspects and the interactions between them is the essence of the facilities management approach, this study proposes that facilities management should be employed in the megaevent industry, and further research is therefore required to assess the performance of facilities management in that area.
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39

Olsson, Sophie, and Dina Sabrkesh. "Work is theatre and every business is a stage : En studie i möjliggörandet av relationer med hjälp av event marketing." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Business, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-758.

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Uppsatsens titel ”Work is theatre and every business is a stage” – en studie i möjliggörandet av relationer med hjälp av event marketing

Seminariedatum 2008-06-05

Ämne/kurs Kandidatuppsats i marknadsföring, 15 p

Författare Sophie Ohlsson och Dina Sabrkesh

Handledare Ingemar Haglund

Nyckelord Event marketing, relationer, relationsmarknadsföring, evenemang,

event.

Problemområde Konsumenter idag vill inte dagligen pumpas med nya budskap utan de har blivit mer medvetna och söker efter ett värde från företaget och dess produkter utöver det brukliga. För att tillgodose detta har företagen börjat inrikta sin marknadsföring alltmer mot att försöka skapa interaktion, gemenskap och relation med sin målgrupp och ett effektivt sätt att göra det på är just genom event marketing. Genom dessa möten kan företag skapa och bibehålla relationen till sina kunder samt öka medvetenheten kring varumärket. Ett starkt varumärke bidrar till att möjliggöra relationer då ett välkänt varumärke skapar trygghet hos konsumenten.

Syfte Syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva processen kring planerandet och genomförandet av ett event. Detta för att på så sätt närmare kunna beskriva hur man med hjälp av event marketing kan möjliggöra relationer bland nuvarande och före detta studenter inom ett utbildningsprogram.

Metod För att uppfylla syftet med uppsatsen har ett enskilt fall studerats. Fallet, som är ett event, var inte bara något som observerades utan också planerades och genomfördes. För att tränga igenom ytan på problemet och skapa förståelse för vad som specifikt sker i en viss situation har uppsatsen utgått från en fallstudieansats. En fallstudie är av kvalitativ karaktär där ett eller flera fall studeras under ett tillfälle eller över tiden. Den kvalitativa karaktären hjälper till att beskriva den sociala verkligheten vad gäller händelser, människor och handlingar.

Slutsats Vid planering och genomförande av ett event är det av stor betydelse att planeringsprocessen genomförs noggrant och att arrangören är strukturerad och välorganiserad. För att möjliggöra relationer vid eventet är det viktigt att det finns en röd tråd mellan upplevelsen, mötet och budskapet som tilltalar den utvalda målgruppen. Vidare bör deltagarna ha en gemensam nämnare förutom eventet då det underlättar konversationer. Det är också viktigt att arrangören och deltagarna har ett stort engagemang. I de fall där relationer skapas eller bibehålls kan det leda till att programmet stärks. Relationer med näringslivet kan innebära praktikplatser vilket är ett attraktivt marknadsföringsargument vid rekrytering av nya studenter. Vidare kan relationer leda till färre avhopp samt en ökad spridning av positiv word of mouth.

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40

Stephens, Michelle R. "Helping survivors of sexual assault| The role of general and event-specific empathy." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527418.

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One in four college aged women have been raped or sexually assaulted. The InterACT Sexual Assault Prevention Program offers promise as an effective intervention for rape prevention, intervention, and response training. Several bystander interventions, including InterACT, regard empathy as a crucial component of successful rape prevention efforts.

Theoretical foundations for the link between empathy and prosocial behavior are well established; however, the link between rape-specific empathy and rape-specific prosocial behavior has received less attention until recently. Experimental evaluations confirmed InterACT is successful in increasing general and rape-specific empathy among participants.

Limited research has identified emotional and cognitive components responsible for motivating rape helping behaviors. The current study is the first to empirically identify rape-specific empathy as a significant predictor of rape-specific helping behavior. Such evidence urges rape prevention programs to include rape-specific empathy exercises in intervention designs. Implications for continued research and programming are discussed.

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41

Lewis, Mari. "An exploration into the interpretive frameworks of assessors in an interior design moderation event." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10777.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-129).
How do multiple perspectives enable or disturb the reaching of sound classifications? The question underlying the study arose out of the ostensibly conflicting paradigms that a multi-disciplinary assessor panel imputed to an interior design moderation event. The study seeks to understand how disciplinary specialisations shape their judgements. Given assessors' plausible susceptibility to their individual schemas, the study explores the manner by which a heterogeneous social milieu approximates sound assessment practices and identifies legitimate interior design productions. For the study, the multi-disciplines were explicated as an organised community of individually-embodied social practices upon which coherent discourse and the exercise of power were dependent. Bourdieu's social theory is drawn upon to make sense as to how the theoretical constructs of capital and habitus are located within particular disciplinary groups and, how they are reproduced as the recursive internalisations endemic to individual specialisations. Capital and habitus are used to position the individually specialised assessors within the field. The specialist positions are premised as sites of opposition where dispositions are coterminous with position taking and competition for legitimacy. In this way, the study interrogates whether the act of assessment may be a function of how assessors operationalise their social practices. The assessor values and their corresponding knowledge and attitudes were seen as constituting the means by which appraisals and classifications were being made and calibrated. This necessitated a qualitative analysis of the complex aggregations of values and behaviours, typical of the socially differentiated panel. Primary to the investigation was the need to penetrate the actual moderation debates to access the tacit habitus and pervasive power that lay embedded and thus obscured from scrutiny. These deliberations represent a symbolic, structuring system - produced and interpreted against a common social field. For this reason four moderation cruces, seen as illumining the assessors' habitus that their particular capital resources advocated, were identified as relevant samples. The analysis hones into what the assessors draw on in order to make sense of the productions, i.e. their primary informants, or as encapsulated by Shay, their interpretive frameworks.
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42

Zhao, Yao M. C. P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Deep learning for sentiment and event-driven REIT price dynamics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129870.

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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, February, 2020
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February, 2020
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 108-111).
This research aims to figure out how textual information in the real estate news can be applied to predicting the price dynamics of REIT (real estate investment trust), a publicly traded security in the exchange whose income is backed up by real estate. Due to the information gap in the market and the sentiment-induced irrational trading behaviors, the market often witnesses the departure of REIT price from its fundamental NAV (net asset value). Traditional REIT pricing models fail to incorporate these behavioral factors and the real time market information, leading to a gap in current empirical studies. With the development of deep learning and natural language processing (NLP) techniques, we are curious about how to properly represent and extract textual information in the real estate news, in a way that allows us to capture the up-to-date market events and irrational sentiment, and incorporate them in REIT pricing. To achieve this goal, I conduct a two-stage analysis.
In the first stage, I focus on two NLP tasks, including the sentiment analysis and event extraction. On the end of sentiment analysis, I construct several sentiment measures based on the traditional textual analysis methods. Besides, I train and obtain the sentiment-specific word embeddings on a human-labeled financial news corpus. One the event extraction end, two approaches of event representations are used, which separately corresponds to an unsupervised and a supervised learning model. First, I represent an event as a structured triplet E = (Object₁, Predicate, Object₂), and use an unsupervised NTN (neural tensor network) model to obtain the event embeddings. Second, I follow a supervised model to represent the event in the form of E = (trigger, argument₁, argument₂, ...), and fine-tune a BERT model on the event extraction task.
In the second stage, with the help of the sentiment measures, sentiment-specific word embeddings and the pre-trained event embeddings, I implement and compare several deep learning models for REIT price prediction. The best-performing NTN+CNN model greatly outperforms the traditional ARIMA model, in that it decreases the MSE loss by around two thirds, and increases the classification accuracy of price movement by around 8%. The VAR analysis indicates that positive market sentiment granger-causes the REIT price change between 2011 and 2018, while the negative sentiment has no significant effect on the market.
by Yao Zhao.
M.C.P.
S.M.
M.C.P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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43

Hornung, Thomas. "The Carnian crisis in the Tethys Realm multistratigraphic studies and palaeoclimate constraints." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007. http://d-nb.info/991343743/04.

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44

Heim, Sabine. "Auditory processing in dyslexia evidence from psychophysical studies and event-related magnetic fields /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964257890.

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45

Kiang, Michael Wai Jong. "Event-rated brain potential studies of semantic processing in schizophrenia and schizotypal personality." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3283453.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed November 7, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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46

Ohneberg, Kristin [Verfasser], and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Schumacher. "Sampling designs for complex time-to-event data in clinical and epidemiological studies." Freiburg : Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1202712738/34.

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47

Wilding, Edward L. "Recognition memory with and without retrieval of context : studies with event-related potentials." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14684.

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In six experiments event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while subjects performed modified recognition memory tests. All experiments consisted of an initial study phase in which subjects studied words which were presented in one of two contexts. In a subsequent test phase subjects discriminated between old and new items, and between old items which had been presented in one of the two contexts at study. The design of these experiments permitted a comparison of three critical classes of ERPs: those to words correctly judged new, and those to words correctly judged old which were either correctly or incorrectly assigned to study context. All six experiments revealed reliable differences between the ERPs to correctly identified old and new words. In experiments 3-6 the analyses of the differences between the ERPs to correctly identified old and new words revealed two topographically and temporally dissociable modulations. The first of these was maximal at parietal sites over the 500-900 msec time window, and was larger over the left hemisphere than over the right. The second modulation was more temporally extended, maximal at frontal scalp locations, and displayed a right-greater than-left hemisphere asymmetry. Both of these modulations were of greater magnitude for words which were correctly assigned to study context. These findings are consistent with the view that multiple neural systems contribute to memory for context. The experimental findings are discussed in relation to theories of the relationship between memory for prior occurrences, and memory for contextual details of those occurrences.
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48

Grannesberger, Robin, and Natalie Petersson. "Event Marketing som Marknadsinstrument : En fallstudie om Skanska." Thesis, Linnaeus University, Linnaeus School of Business and Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-8085.

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As the title insinuate, this essay illustrate Event Marketing as a marketing instrument, and how it can be used as a tool to facilitate brandbuilding and improve relationships. We have come to the understanding that Event Marketing is in the course of constant development. It seems like Event Marketing as a marketing tool is starting to get its well-merited position in the marketing mix throughout the world, since companies and other organisations have realized that Event Marketing is a powerful tool for differentiation. We have also seen that Event Marketing in the business world lately has come to be more important for building and maintaining relationships, as well as carrying marketing messages.

In this essay we discuss Event Marketing in three sections; brand, relationships, and customer experience. Among these topics, inter alia Integrated Marketing Communications, Sensory Marketing, and Service-dominant Logic are presented. The three sections are ultimatley supposed to establish a part of the entirety of Event Marketing.

This essay is a commission from the building company Skanska in Sweden, with the purpose of throwing a new light on their customer-oriented event Skanskadagen in the south-east district of the Swedish market. We have performed eleven qualitative interviews; nine with management and personnel within Skanska, and two with event managers from two different bureaus in Sweden. As a complement to these interviews, we have studied literature, documents, and articles – with and without a scientific basis. The conclusions and recommendations are presented in chapter 8.

 

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49

Fredell, Emelie, and Susanne Nilsson. "Eventstudie av reporäntans effekt på aktiemarknaden." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2103.

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För alla intressenter på aktiemarknaden är det av stor vikt att fastställa hur olika faktorer påverkar börskurserna. Styrräntan är en sådan tänkbar faktor och mycket forskning har skett angående dennes påverkan på aktiemarknaden, främst på den amerikanska marknaden. De tidigare amerikanska studierna av eventuella samband mellan förändringar av styrräntan och aktiemarknaden har kommit till slutsatsen att sambandet existerar samt att det är av negativ karaktär. När höjningar av styrräntan har utannonserats har man sett en sänkning av aktiekurserna och vise versa.

Denna uppsats undersöker genom en event studie om det finns något samband mellan reporänteförändringar och börskurser på den svenska marknaden. Fyra branschindex från Stockholmsbörsen har används och studien gäller samtliga reporänteförändringar mellan januari 2004 till oktober 2008

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50

August, John W. "Event, Duration, Soul: A Study of the Measure of Intensive Magnitudes." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1632.

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The treatment of intensive magnitude in Kant’s first Critique initiates a new standard for reasoning. In the dissertation, I trace the development of the concept of intensive magnitudes from Kant, through the interpretations of the physicist Gustav Fechner, and into a kind of fruition in the thought of Bergson. I illustrate how and why the concept of intensive magnitude was transformed from a spatial notion, relying primarily on sense data, in the works of Kant and Fechner into a temporalized understanding of intensity founded upon Bergson's idea of duration, where the latter is based primarily on feeling. The result of this transformation is found in the promise of creating a technical language for philosophy that is capable of appreciating the concrete unfolding of non-sensuous intensive magnitudes. Such a language renders us capable of meaningful research, conversation, and further development in understanding (at least) human becoming and its relation to time. I argue that the capacity for self-knowledge depends upon an understanding of temporality that accords with the experience of temporality itself. The development of the concept of intensity, through further philosophical reflection and inquiry, is a path philosophers should pursue.
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