Journal articles: 'Event related potentials ERP'

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Kim, Seung-oyeol. "ERP (Event-Related Potentials) for Effective Cognitive Exercise Program Development." Korea Journal of Sport 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46669/kss.2022.20.3.048.

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Sovilj, Platon, Vanja Kovic, Miklos Biro, Marin Radak, and Zoran Mitrovic. "Measurement of event-related potentials and placebo." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 11, no. 2 (2014): 301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee131226024s.

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ERP is common abbreviation for event-related brain potentials, which are measured and used in clinical practice as well as in research practice. Contemporary studies of placebo effect are often based on functional neuromagnetic resonance (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and event related potentials (ERP). This paper considers an ERP instrumentation system used in experimental researches of placebo effect. This instrumentation system can be divided into four modules: electrodes and cables, conditioning module, digital measurement module, and PC module for stimulations, presentations, acquisition and data processing. The experimental oddball paradigm is supported by the software of the instrumentation.

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Růžička, E., and F. El Massioui. "Event-Related Potentials in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review." Behavioural Neurology 6, no. 1 (1993): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1993/359534.

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This article reviews the findings of event-related potentials (ERP) in Parkinson's disease (PD) published during the last 10 years. Basic principles and methods of ERP are briefly presented with particular regard to the auditory “odd-ball” paradigm almost uniquely employed for the ERP assessment in PD to date. The results of respective studies are overviewed and discussed with respect to three main axes: (1) The slowing down of cognitive processing in PD is reflected by the delays of N2 and P3 components of ERP which are more important in demented than in non-demented patients. The Nl component is delayed in demented patients with PD as well as in other dementias of presumed subcortical origin. (2) Various neuropsychological deficits observed in PD correlate with the delays of ERP evoking the implication of common subcortico-cortical cerebral mechanisms. (3) The variations of ERP under dopaminergic manipulation suggest conflicting effects of levodopa treatment on cognition, at least in certain categories of PD patients. These findings are discussed in the light of current knowledge on neurotransmitter brain systems and some hypothetic explanations are proposed. Finally, an attempt is made to outline further perspectives of clinical and research utilization of ERP in Parkinson's disease.

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Dul’nev, V. V., and L. A. Avrasina. "EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY." Aspirantskiy Vestnik Povolzhiya 19, no. 1-2 (March 15, 2019): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2072-2354.2019.19.1.95-100.

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Introducion. Children with cerebral palsy demonstrate high prevalence of the cognitive impairment (CI). One of the key components of CI pathogenesis is sensory disafferentation. Aim. The goal of this investigation is to perform comparative analysis of event-related potentials (ERP) in children with CP and in healthy children. Materials and methods. A total of 30 children with CP (mean age 8.9 ± 0.84 year) and 44 healthy subjects (mean age 9.5 ± 0.60 years) were observed. Registration and comparative analysis of the acoustic ERP were performed with the use of non-parametric tests. Results. The decrease in age-related ERP latencies was slower in the main group. Significant elongation of ERP latencies was also observed in the main group, despite the clinical absence of cognitive decline. Conclusions. Our findings confirm the theory of sensory information cortical processing delay in children with CP. More investigations should be performed for the assessment of reliability of the ERP in the objective evaluation of CI level.

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Nguyen, Huong Thi Minh, Khai Quoc Le, Hai Chi Nguyen, Tri Minh Ngo, and Linh Quang Huynh. "Analyzing event related potentials using adaptive filter." Science and Technology Development Journal 18, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i2.1082.

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ERPs (Event Related Potentials) are EEG signals which are directly measured from cortical electrical response to external stimuli such as feelings, sensual or cognitive events. The evaluation of the amplitude and latency of the ERP wave has important significance in evaluating neurological reflex. However, the ERP wave amplitude is small compared with the EEG wave, and considerably affected by the noise such as eyes, muscles, heart motion etc. In this paper, datasets are collected from ERPLAB and journals provided available datasets with the stimulus of sound and light. Using adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) combined with LMS algorithm the waves P300 of ERP were detected and separated. The algorithm was evaluated by the ratio SNR and average value. Results were compared with other published tools such as P300 calculation algorithm of ERPLAB softwar.

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Grosser, K., R. Oelkers, T. Hummel, G. Geisslinger, K. Brune, G. Kobal, and J. Lötsch. "Olfactory and Trigeminal Event-Related Potentials in Migraine." Cephalalgia 20, no. 7 (September 2000): 621–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2000.00094.x.

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Background: Trigeminal/neuronal hyperexcitability and spreading depression activating the trigemino-vascular system are discussed in migraine-pathophysiology. This study investigated trigeminal and olfactory event-related potentials in migraineurs. Methods: Nasal chemosensitivity was assessed in 19 female migraineurs with or without aura > 72 h before or after an attack and in 19 healthy females employing event-related cortical potentials (ERPs) after specific trigeminal stimulation of nasal nociceptors with short pulses of CO2, and specific olfactory stimulation with H2S. Odour thresholds and odour identification performance were also tested. Results: Migraineurs exhibited greater responses to trigeminal stimulation, indicated by significantly larger ERP amplitudes N1. In contrast, olfactory ERP amplitudes P1N1 were significantly smaller in migraineurs. A leave-one-out classification procedure on the basis of these two parameters assigned 76.3% cases correctly. The olfactory ERP amplitude discriminated better between groups than trigeminal ERPs (71.1 vs. 68.4% correct classification). Conclusions: Our data suggest trigeminal hyperexcitability in migraineurs. A general increase of nasal chemosensitivity is not supported because of smaller olfactory ERP amplitudes in migraineurs. Olfactory ERPs discriminate better than trigeminal ERPs between migraineurs and controls, emphasizing the significance of the olfactory system in migraine.

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Vossen, Helen G. M., Gerard J. P. van Breukelen, Jim van Os, Hermie J. Hermens, and Richel Lousberg. "Association Between Event-Related Potentials and Pain Ratings." Journal of Psychophysiology 25, no. 1 (January 2011): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000028.

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The association between event-related potentials (ERP) and ratings of pain has frequently been demonstrated, usually through bivariate correlations. However, the use of bivariate correlations precludes studying or correcting for confounding factors. The current study reinvestigated the association between ERP and the subjective experience of pain, using the more extensive statistical approach of multilevel analysis. Using this technique, it was possible to investigate and correct for effects of intensity and habituation. Eighty-five healthy subjects received intracutaneous electrical pain stimuli with simultaneous EEG registration. Each subject was asked to rate the intensity of each stimulus on a numeric rating scale (NRS). The multilevel analyses revealed a within-subject association between the ERP measures (especially P1 and P3) and the NRS score. Furthermore, this association was moderated by intensity of the stimulus and habituation. These results suggest that a direct translation from the pain ERP to subjective experience is delicate and that factors such as stimulus intensity and habituation must be taken into account.

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MORGAN, CHARLIE D., and CLAIRE MURPHY. "Olfactory event-related potentials in Alzheimer's disease." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 8, no. 6 (September 2002): 753–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617702860039.

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Areas of the brain affected in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease are also areas heavily involved in the processing of olfactory information. Olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs) and auditory ERPs were recorded from the Fz, Cz, and Pz electrode sites in 12 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and 12 age and gender matched normal controls (NC) in a single-stimulus paradigm with a 45 s inter-trial interval, using amyl acetate as the olfactory stimulus, and in a separate session a 500 Hz tone as the auditory stimulus. Odor identification (ID) was also used to assess ability to identify odors. The results indicate that (1) OERP P2 and P3 latencies were significantly longer in AD patients than normal controls; (2) olfactory ERP latency measures correlated significantly with dementia status as measured by the Dementia Rating Scale (DRS), indicating that as participants performed more poorly on the DRS, reflecting increased dementia, OERP latencies increased; (3) olfactory ERP latency measures better differentiated AD patients from normal controls than auditory ERP latency measures; (4) olfactory ERP measures alone correctly classified up to 92% of participants; (5) odor ID measures, namely the UPSIT and San Diego-Odor-ID tests also classified participants at a high rate. Combining scores for odor identification with olfactory P3 latency measures resulted in a correct classification rate of 100%. The results strongly support the use of olfactory measures in the assessment of AD. (JINS, 2002, 8, 753–763.)

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HANADA, Momozo, Yasuhiro NAGEISHI, and Minoru SHIMOKOCHI. "Brain event-related potentials (ERP) in adolescents." Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology 4 (1986): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5674/jjppp1983.4.39.

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Goto, H., T. Adachi, M. Yamamoto, and T. Utsunomiya. "Event related potentials (ERP) during mental calculation." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 61, no. 3 (September 1985): S169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(85)90650-9.

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Westermann, M., I. W. Husstedt, A. Okegwo, and S. Evers. "Age does not necessarily influence latency of event-related potentials." Nervenheilkunde 33, no. 10 (2014): 723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1627735.

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SummaryEvent-related potentials (ERP) are regarded as age dependent. However, it is not known whether this is an intrinsic property of ERP or an extrinsic factor. We designed a setting in which ERP were evoked using a modified oddball paradigm with highly differentiable and detectable target and non-target stimuli. A total of 98 probands were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the latency and amplitude of the P3 component of visually evoked ERP. The mean P3 latency was 294 ± 28 ms and was not related to age (r = –0.089; p = 0.382; Spearman-rank-correlation). The P3 amplitude was related to age in the total sample (r = –0.323; p = 0.001; Spearmanrank-correlation) but not in the probands under the age of 60 years. There were no significant differences regarding sex. Our findings suggest that ERP are not age dependent if highly differentiable and detectable stimuli are used. This should be considered when normal values of ERP are created for clinical use.

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Seo, Ssanghee, and Bonghyun Kim. "Event-Related Potentials Related to Anxiety in Emotion-Attention Interaction." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/408252.

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To identify neurological characteristics in accordance with anxiety under the interaction between emotion and attention, this study examines major ERP components when participants identify a target number by inhibiting task-irrelevant emotional face distractors. Experiments were conducted once per day at the same time for two days with 19 healthy adult men and women as required to study emotion-attention interaction. In this study, a variety of ERP components such as P100, N200, and P300 during experiment are significant. The amplitude and latency of the N200 component reflect both state and trait anxiety at all positions. This characteristic specially is prominently featured at Cz. Also, the latency of the late P300 component reflects the trait anxiety rather than state anxiety. The result of this study can help our understanding of the neurological responses related to anxiety during attentional control.

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Seifert, Tad Dean, and Marco Cecchi. "Use of event related potential markers in patients with traumatic brain injury." Neurology 91, no. 23 Supplement 1 (December 4, 2018): S19.3—S20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000550607.80858.c7.

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ObjectiveTo investigate whether event related potentials (ERP) could improve diagnosis and management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients in an outpatient setting.BackgroundThough important progress has been made in our understanding of how traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects the brain, diagnosis remains suboptimal, especially in the mild stages of the disease. A real time physiologic measure of brain cortical synaptic function such as event related potentials (ERP) can measure the sensory and cognitive deficits that follow TBI even at the subclinical stages of the disease. Even though the potential of ERP as a diagnostic tool for TBI has been known for several years, the impracticality of running ERP tests in clinical environments on real patients has limited widespread clinical application in the past. Recently, advances in electronics and analysis algorithms have made it practical for ERP tests to be administered in outpatient settings on real patients, thus creating an opportunity to evaluate ERP as an index of functional pathophysiology for TBI in clinical environments.Design/methodsThree patients with acute mild TBI were administered an auditory oddball ERP paradigm in conjunction with standard clinical evaluation.ResultsERPs were an informative measure for understanding covert deficits in cognition. Several ERP components revealed selective dysfunction following sport concussion. ERP testing in this case series increased confidence in diagnosis and prognosis for this population of sport-related concussion, thus leading to better patient management. Through this data, we are now equipped with better insight on which TBI patients would benefit most from the addition of ERP testing to the standard clinical workup.ConclusionsAnalysis of ERP data provides valuable information in patients with TBI, especially in mild cases where neuroimaging studies are non-revealing.

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Robinson, Lindsey K., and Sandra L. McFadden. "Distinguishing TBI Malingering and Fatigue Using Event-Related Potentials." Journal of Psychophysiology 34, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000248.

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Abstract. Poorer-than-expected performance on cognitive-behavioral tasks may indicate malingering, or it could be an outcome of fatigue, resulting in false positives when suboptimal task performance is used to flag individuals feigning or exaggerating symptoms of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The primary goal of this study was to examine the P3 event-related potentials (ERP) and behavioral outcomes associated with TBI malingering and fatigue, in order to distinguish between them. A secondary goal was to determine if history of TBI (hTBI) is associated with differences in fatigue, ERPs, or performance on a short-term memory task. Participants completed the Mental Fatigue and Related Symptoms (SR-MF) questionnaire and were interviewed to assess TBI history, then they completed a computerized “old/new” (match-mismatch) task while ERPs were recorded, under three conditions: Normal, Malinger, and Fatigue. Participants reported mild fatigue at the end of study, with no difference between individuals reporting a history of TBI ( n = 32) and healthy controls ( n = 47). Fatigue was associated with prolonged P3 latency but was otherwise indistinguishable from Normal. In contrast, Malinger was clearly distinguished from Normal by significantly lower accuracy, longer reaction times, reduced P3 amplitude on Match trials, and a smaller old/new ERP effect. Individuals with a history of TBI reported clinical levels of fatigue at baseline but did not differ significantly from healthy controls on any behavioral or ERP measure. The results support the use of behavioral and ERP measures to identify malingering, without concern over confounding effects of mild subjective fatigue, including mild fatigue induced by testing.

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BRIER, MATTHEW R., MANDY J. MAGUIRE, GAIL D. TILLMAN, JOHN HART, and MICHAEL A. KRAUT. "Event-related potentials in semantic memory retrieval." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 14, no. 5 (September 2008): 815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561770808096x.

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The involvement of the left temporal lobe in semantics and object naming has been repeatedly demonstrated in the context of language comprehension; however, its role in the mechanisms and time course for the retrieval of an integrated object memory from its constituent features have not been well delineated. In this study, 19 young adults were presented with two features of an object (e.g., “desert” and “humps”) and asked to determine whether these two features were congruent to form a retrieval of a specific object (“camel”) or incongruent and formed no retrieval while event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded. Beginning around 750 ms the ERP retrieval and nonretrieval waveforms over the left anterior fronto-temporal region show significance differences, indicating distinct processes for retrievals and nonretrievals. In addition to providing further data implicating the left frontal-anterior temporal region in object memory/retrieval, the results provide insight into the time course of semantic processing related to object memory retrieval in this region. The likely semantic process at 750 ms in this task would be coactivation of feature representations common to the same object. The consistency of this finding suggests that the process is stable across individuals. The potential clinical applications are discussed. (JINS, 2008, 14, 815–822.)

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Casey, David A. "Event-related Potentials and the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease— The COGNISION™ System." US Neurology 06, no. 02 (2010): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/usn.2010.06.02.34.

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Alzheimer’s disease is a major cause of cognitive decline among older people. Current diagnostic approaches rely primarily on cognitive symptoms. Recently proposed changes in the definition of the disease place more emphasis on the use of biomarkers (such as neuroimaging or cerebrospinal fluid markers) in the hope of allowing earlier and more definitive diagnosis for research and, eventually, clinical purposes. Event-related potentials (ERP) represent another promising biomarker approach. Alzheimer’s disease has been demonstrated to have a recognizable ERP signature. Recent advances in ERP technology may make the process painless, non-invasive and portable. These advantages suggest that ERP should be further considered as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease.

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Parasuraman, Raja. "Event-Related Brain Potentials and Intermodal Divided Attention." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 29, no. 10 (October 1985): 971–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128502901016.

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Attention allocation to visual and auditory channels under high-information load was examined by recording event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Ten subjects monitored an audiovisual display of intermittent 2-degree circles presented centrally and 1000-Hz tones presented binaurally. Subjects had to detect targets in both channels while dividing attention to ecah channel in varying proportions. Each subject had a minimum of 20 hours practice at the task. POC analysis indicated a tradeoff in processing resources between the visual and auditory channels. The N160 and P250 components of the visual ERP, and a slow negative shift potential associated with the auditory N100 component, varied in amplitude as processing resources were allocated to the visual or auditory channel. Both these sets of results were obtained only when stimuli were presented at a fast rate. The results suggest that intermodality divided attention influences both modality-specific and modality-nonspecific ERP components in practised subjects under high-information load conditions. The implications of the results for models of processing resources and the evaluation of mental workload are discussed.

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Hopf, Jens-Max, Josef Bayer, Markus Bader, and Michael Meng. "Event-Related Brain Potentials and Case Information in Syntactic Ambiguities." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 10, no. 2 (March 1998): 264–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892998562690.

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In an ERP study, German sentences were investigated that contain a case-ambiguous NP that may be assigned accusative or dative case. Sentences were disambiguated by the verb in final position of the sentence. As our data show, sentences ending in a verb that assigns dative case to the ambiguous NP elicit a clear garden-path effect. The garden-path effect was indicated by a broad centro-posterior negative shift that occurred between 300 and 900 msec after the dative-assigning verb was presented. No enhanced P600 following the misanalysis was observed. Noun phrases whose case ambiguity was resolved in favor of accusative case and unambiguously dative-marked NPs did not trigger significant ERP differences. We will discuss the implications of our results for parsing and its neuropsychological correlates. The results of this study support a parser design according to which the so-called structural case (nominative or accusative) is assigned without any delay in the absence of morpho-lexical counterevidence. It is argued that the enhancement of a negative ERP component with a ficlassicalfl N400 topography refiects the difficulty of reanalysis due to reaccessing morpho-lexical information that lies outside the domain of the parsing module. Consequently, ERP responses to garden-path effects are not confined to a late positivity but vary depending on the level of processing involved in reanalysis. The fact that garden-path effects may also elicit an N400 can be linked to the nonhomogeneous linguistic properties of the constructions from which they arise.

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Leynes, P. Andrew, Alyssa Cairns, and Jarret T. Crawford. "Event-Related Potentials Indicate That Reality Monitoring Differs from External Source Monitoring." American Journal of Psychology 118, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 497–524. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30039084.

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Abstract This experiment investigated differences in event-related potentials (ERPs) observed in 2 types of source monitoring decisions. Participants discriminated between self-generated, heard, and new words (reality monitoring) in one condition; in another they discriminated between words heard in a male or female voice and new items (external source monitoring). The data support the source monitoring framework, which argues that reality monitoring discriminations differ from external source monitoring discriminations. Analysis revealed better overall source accuracy during reality monitoring than during external source monitoring. In the external source monitoring task, an early old-new ERP difference was observed at parietal electrodes followed by frontal old-new effect that persisted longer, replicating previous ERP results. However, early ERP amplitude differences between sources were observed at parietal electrode sites during reality monitoring, suggesting that self-generated items activate more differentiated information during remembering. Furthermore, there were no frontal old-new ERP differences during reality monitoring, suggesting that different decision processes are used in these types of source monitoring decisions.

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Li, Li, Jingjing Luo, Yang Li, Lei Zhang, and Yuzhu Guo. "Phase Analysis of Event-Related Potentials Based on Dynamic Mode Decomposition." Mathematics 10, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 4406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10234406.

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Real-time detection of event-related potentials (ERPs) and exploration of ERPs generation mechanisms are vital to practical application of brain–computer interfaces (BCI). Traditional methods for ERPs analysis often fall into time domain, time–frequency domain, or spatial domain. Methods which can reveal spatiotemporal interactions by simultaneously analyzing multi-channel EEG signals may provide new insights into ERP research and is highly desired. Additionally, although phase information has been investigated to describe the phase consistency of a certain frequency component across different ERP trials, it is of research significance to analyze the phase reorganization across different frequency components that constitute a single-trial ERP signal. To address these problems, dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) was applied to decompose multi-channel EEG into a series of spatial–temporal coherent DMD modes, and a new metric, called phase variance distribution (PVD) is proposed as an index of the phase reorganization of DMD modes during the ERP in a single trial. Based on the PVD, a new error-related potential (ErrP) detection method based on symmetric positive defined in Riemann manifold is proposed to demonstrate the significant PVD differences between correct and error trials. By including the phase reorganization index, the 10-fold cross-validation results of an ErrP detection task showed that the proposed method is 4.98%, 27.99% and 7.98% higher than the counterpart waveform-based ErrP detection method in the terms of weighted accuracy rate, precision and recall of the ErrP class, respectively. The resulting PVD curve shows that with the occurrence of ERP peaks, the phases of different frequency rhythms are getting to aligned and yields a significant smaller PVD. Since the DMD modes of different frequencies characterize spatiotemporal coherence of multi-channel EEG at different functional regions, the new phase reorganization index, PVD, may indicate the instantaneous phase alignment of different functional networks and sheds light on a new interpretation of ERP generation mechanism.

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Balconi, Michela, and Uberto Pozzoli. "Event-Related Oscillations (ERO) and Event-Related Potentials (ERP) in Emotional Face Recognition." International Journal of Neuroscience 118, no. 10 (January 2008): 1412–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207450601047119.

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Gusatovic, Julia, Mathias Holsey Gramkow, Steen Gregers Hasselbalch, and Kristian Steen Frederiksen. "Effects of aerobic exercise on event-related potentials related to cognitive performance: a systematic review." PeerJ 10 (July 11, 2022): e13604. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13604.

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Introduction Aerobic exercise interventions may affect different cognitive domains such as attention, working memory, inhibition, etc. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this relationship, remains uncertain. Objective To perform a systematic review on exercise intervention studies that use event-related potentials (ERPs) as outcome for cognitive performance. Methods We identified studies through searches in four databases reporting the effects of either an acute bout or chronic exercise on any ERP associated with cognitive performance. Study population included participants >17 years of age with or without a diagnosis. Results A total of 5,797 records were initially identified through database searching of which 52 were eligible for inclusion. Most studies were of acute aerobic exercise with moderate intensity. Results were heterogenious across studies, but there was a trend that ERP amplitude increased and (to a lesser extent) latencies decreased post-exercise. The P3 ERP was the most often reported ERP. Conclusion Heterogeneity across studies regarding methodology limited the possibility to draw definitive conclusions but the most consistent findings were that acute aerobic exercise was associated with higher amplitudes, and to a lesser extent shorter latencies, of ERPs.

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Demiralp, Tamer, and Ahmet Ademoglu. "Decomposition of Event-Related Brain Potentials into Multiple Functional Components Using Wavelet Transform." Clinical Electroencephalography 32, no. 3 (July 2001): 122–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155005940103200307.

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Event related brain potential (ERP) waveforms consist of several components extending in time, frequency and topographical space. Therefore, an efficient processing of data which involves the time, frequency and space features of the signal, may facilitate understanding the plausible connections among the functions, the anatomical structures and neurophysiological mechanisms of the brain. Wavelet transform (WT) is a powerful signal processing tool for extracting the ERP components occurring at different time and frequency spots. A technical explanation of WT in ERP processing and its four distinct applications are presented here. The first two applications aim to identify and localize the functional oddball ERP components in terms of certain wavelet coefficients in delta, theta and alpha bands in a topographical recording. The third application performs a similar characterization that involves a three stimulus paradigm. The fourth application is a single sweep ERP processing to detect the P300 in single trials. The last case is an extension of ERP component identification by combining the WT with a source localization technique. The aim is to localize the time-frequency components in three dimensional brain structure instead of the scalp surface. The time-frequency analysis using WT helps isolate and describe sequential and/or overlapping functional processes during ERP generation, and provides a possibility for studying these cognitive processes and following their dynamics in single trials during an experimental session.

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Tervaniemi, M., K. Alho, P. Paavilainen, M. Sams, and R. Näätänen. "Absolute Pitch and Event-Related Brain Potentials." Music Perception 10, no. 3 (1993): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285572.

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An event-related brain potential (ERP) component called mismatch negativity (MMN) is elicited by physically deviant auditory stimuli presented among repetitive, "standard," stimuli. MMN reflects a mismatch process between sensory input from the deviant stimulus and a shortduration neuronal representation developed by the standard stimulus. The MMN amplitude is known to correlate with pitch-discrimination performance. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the MMN is different in absolute pitch (AP) possessors and nonpossessors. ERPs were recorded from AP and non-AP groups, which were matched with regard to musical training. It was found that deviant stimuli differing from standard tones by a quartertone or a semitone elicited an MMN irrespective of whether the stimulus was located on (white key/black key) or off the Western musical scale. These results were obtained with both sinusoidal and piano tones. The MMN was larger and earlier when the stimuli were piano tones than when they were sinusoidal tones and when the standard-deviant difference amounted to a semitone rather than a quartertone. However, differences between the groups were not found in auditory information processing reflected by the MMN component of the ERP. In the light of the earlier MMN results showing a close correlation between the MMN and pitch- discrimination accuracy, it might be concluded that pitch discrimination and identification are based on different brain mechanisms. In addition, the differences in the MMN amplitude and latency between sinusoidal and piano tones might be interpreted as suggesting that sensory memory traces, as reflected by the MMN, are capable of storing information of very complex sound structures also.

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Bölte, Jens, Bernadette M. Jansma, Anna Zilverstand, and Pienie Zwitserlood. "Derivational morphology approached with event-related potentials." Mental Lexicon 4, no. 3 (December 15, 2009): 336–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.4.3.02bol.

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We investigated the processing of derived adjectives in German using event-related potentials (ERPs). ERPs were registered to existing adjectives (freundlich, ‘friendly’), to morphologically complex pseudowords that were synonymous to an existing adjective and thus interpretable (*freundhaft), and to complex pseudowords that were structurally and semantically anomalous (*freundbar). Stimuli were embedded in sentence contexts, displayed word by word. An ERP effect with a left-frontal maximum was observed around 450–500 ms after stimulus onset. In this window, both pseudoword types differed from existing adjectives. We interpret this data pattern as a LAN, reflecting structural problems due to morphological parsing, a process that is distinct from semantic processing.

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Merrill, Lex L., David A. Kobus, and F. J. McGuigan. "An Auditory Event Related Potential Evaluation of Sonar Task Experience and Age." Perceptual and Motor Skills 80, no. 3_suppl (June 1995): 1363–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.80.3c.1363.

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To gauge the interaction of real-world sonar-task experience and age on brain electrical activity, the effect of sonar experience and age on event related potentials (ERP) was examined. A three-group design was used and the results suggest that sonar experience and age affect the amplitude and distribution of the ERP component. The results concerning age and ERPs support and extend the results of previous studies and suggest that age-related differences occur at a much younger age than is reported elsewhere. Attentional and stimulus evaluation processes which have been linked to parameters of the ERP component may be enhanced with real-world auditory task experience. Research on ERP should control for the possible confounds of auditory-task experience and age.

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O’Reilly, Jamie A., Jordan Wehrman, and Paul F. Sowman. "A Guided Tutorial on Modelling Human Event-Related Potentials with Recurrent Neural Networks." Sensors 22, no. 23 (November 28, 2022): 9243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239243.

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In cognitive neuroscience research, computational models of event-related potentials (ERP) can provide a means of developing explanatory hypotheses for the observed waveforms. However, researchers trained in cognitive neurosciences may face technical challenges in implementing these models. This paper provides a tutorial on developing recurrent neural network (RNN) models of ERP waveforms in order to facilitate broader use of computational models in ERP research. To exemplify the RNN model usage, the P3 component evoked by target and non-target visual events, measured at channel Pz, is examined. Input representations of experimental events and corresponding ERP labels are used to optimize the RNN in a supervised learning paradigm. Linking one input representation with multiple ERP waveform labels, then optimizing the RNN to minimize mean-squared-error loss, causes the RNN output to approximate the grand-average ERP waveform. Behavior of the RNN can then be evaluated as a model of the computational principles underlying ERP generation. Aside from fitting such a model, the current tutorial will also demonstrate how to classify hidden units of the RNN by their temporal responses and characterize them using principal component analysis. Statistical hypothesis testing can also be applied to these data. This paper focuses on presenting the modelling approach and subsequent analysis of model outputs in a how-to format, using publicly available data and shared code. While relatively less emphasis is placed on specific interpretations of P3 response generation, the results initiate some interesting discussion points.

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Petten, Cyma Van, Marta Kutas, Robert Kluender, Mark Mitchiner, and Heather McIsaac. "Fractionating the Word Repetition Effect with Event-Related Potentials." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 3, no. 2 (April 1991): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1991.3.2.131.

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Word repetition has been a staple paradigm for both psycholinguistic and memory research; several possible loci for changes in behavioral performance have been proposed. These proposals are discussed in light of the event-related brain potential (ERP) data reported here. ERPs were recorded as subjects read nonfiction articles drawn from a popular magazine. The effects of word repetition were examined in this relatively natural context wherein words were repeated as a consequence of normal discourse structure. Three distinct components of the ERP were found to be sensitive to repetition: a positive component peaking at 200 msec poststimulus, a negative one at 400 msec (N400), and a later positivity. The components were differentially sensitive to the temporal lag between repetitions, the number of repetitions, and the normative frequency of the eliciting word. The N400 responded similarly to repetition in text as it has in experimental lists of words, but the late positivity showed a different pattern of results than in list studies.

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Liuqing, Tian. "Classical Experimental Paradigm for the Event-Related Potentials (ERP)." Psychology of China 4, no. 2 (2022): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.35534/pc.0402025.

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Garner, Christoph. "Program for Postprocessing Audio-Visual Event-Related Potentials (ERP)." International Journal of Psychophysiology 168 (October 2021): S70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.07.218.

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Demiralp, T., A. Ademoglu, Y. Istefanopulos, and H. Ö. Gülçür. "Analysis of event-related potentials (ERP) by damped sinusoids." Biological Cybernetics 78, no. 6 (July 15, 1998): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004220050452.

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Kotchoubey, Boris. "Do Event-Related Brain Potentials Reflect Mental (Cognitive) Operations?" Journal of Psychophysiology 16, no. 3 (January 2002): 129–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//0269-8803.16.3.129.

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Abstract Most cognitive psychophysiological studies assume (1) that there is a chain of (partially overlapping) cognitive processes (processing stages, mechanisms, operators) leading from stimulus to response, and (2) that components of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) may be regarded as manifestations of these processing stages. What is usually discussed is which particular processing mechanisms are related to some particular component, but not whether such a relationship exists at all. Alternatively, from the point of view of noncognitive (e. g., “naturalistic”) theories of perception ERP components might be conceived of as correlates of extraction of the information from the experimental environment. In a series of experiments, the author attempted to separate these two accounts, i. e., internal variables like mental operations or cognitive parameters versus external variables like information content of stimulation. Whenever this separation could be performed, the latter factor proved to significantly affect ERP amplitudes, whereas the former did not. These data indicate that ERPs cannot be unequivocally linked to processing mechanisms postulated by cognitive models of perception. Therefore, they cannot be regarded as support for these models.

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CLAHSEN, HARALD, MONIKA LÜCK, and ANJA HAHNE. "How children process over-regularizations: Evidence from event-related brain potentials." Journal of Child Language 34, no. 3 (July 18, 2007): 601–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000907008082.

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ABSTRACTThis study examines the mental processes involved in children's on-line recognition of inflected word forms using event-related potentials (ERPs). Sixty children in three age groups (20 six- to seven-year-olds, 20 eight- to nine-year-olds, 20 eleven- to twelve-year-olds) and 23 adults (tested in a previous study) listened to sentences containing correct or incorrect German noun plural forms. In the two older child groups, as well as in the adult group, over-regularized plural forms elicited brain responses that are characteristic of combinatorial (grammatical) violations. We also found that ERP components associated with language processing change from child to adult with respect to their onsets and their topography. The ERP violation effects obtained for over-regularizations suggest that children (aged eight years and above) and adults employ morphological computation for processing purposes, consistent with dual-mechanism models of inflection. The observed differences between children's and adults' ERP responses are argued to result from children's smaller lexicons and from slower and less efficient processing.

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Seo, Ssang-Hee. "A Study on ERP and Behavior Responses in Emotion Regulation." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 14, no. 10 (October 31, 2013): 5003–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2013.14.10.5003.

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Feroz, Farah Shahnaz, Ahmad Rifhan Salman, Muhammad Hairulnizam Mat Ali, Afiq Idzudden Ismail, S. Indra Devi, and S. K. Subramaniam. "Attentional bias during public speaking anxiety revealed using event-related potentials." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i1.pp253-259.

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<p>Analysis of brain signals and their properties provides valuable information regarding the underlying neural deficiencies and enables the diagnosis of attention bias related to public speaking anxiety (PSA). Although 25% people around the world suffer from PSA, currently, there exists a lack of standard assessment in diagnosing the severity of attention bias in individuals with PSA. This study aims to distinguish behavioral and neural abnormalities related to attentional bias during PSA by comparing reaction time (RT) and event-related potential (ERP) correlates of high (H) PSA and low (L) PSA individuals. 12 individuals suffering from HPSA and 12 individuals with LPSA participated in the modified emotional Stroop experiment. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded with the low cost, 14-channel Emotiv Epoc+. RT showed slower responses, linked to attentional deficits in HPSA individuals. ERP results revealed the P200 emotional Stroop biomarker, found to be linked to attentional bias in HPSA, but not in LPSA individuals. These results revealed significant RT and P200 ERP abnormalities related to attentional bias in HPSA individuals using the low-cost Emotiv Epoc+.</p>

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Macar, Françoise, and Franck Vidal. "Event-Related Potentials as Indices of Time Processing: A Review." Journal of Psychophysiology 18, no. 2/3 (January 2004): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803.18.23.89.

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Abstract This review examines ERP data that document the mechanisms and neural bases of time processing in the millisecond-to-minute range. Several types of ERP attest to the existence of timing capacities. Among them, one component of the Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) provides an on-line index of timing. CNV data strengthen the temporal accumulator concept, designed to subtend duration encoding. This conclusion is based on four main results: The positive relationship between temporal estimates and CNV amplitude is an index of the accumulation mechanism; the CNV peak is an index of time-based decision making; the CNV relates to temporal encoding, whereas temporal long-term memory may be linked to shifts of positive polarity; learning effects on CNV amplitude depend on topographic features, thus revealing functional differences among brain regions with respect to timing.

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Vecchio, Fabrizio, and Sara Määttä. "The Use of Auditory Event-Related Potentials in Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis." International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/653173.

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Event-related potentials (ERPs) are important clinical and research instruments in neuropsychiatry, particularly due to their strategic role for the investigation of brain function. These techniques are often underutilized in the evaluation of neurological and psychiatric disorders, but ERPs are noninvasive instruments that directly reflect cortical neuronal activity. Previous studies using the P300, P3a, and MMN components of the ERP to study dementing illness are reviewed. The results suggest that particularly the P300 brain potential is sensitive to Alzheimer's disease processes during its early stages, and that easily performed stimulus discrimination tasks are the clinically most useful. Finally, these data suggest that the P300 ERP can aid in the diagnosis of dementia and may help in the assessment of early Alzheimer's disease.

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Tervaniemi, M., M. Huotllainen, E. Bratiico, R. J. Ilmoniemi, K. Reinlkainen, and K. Alho. "Event-Related Potentials to Expectancy Violation in Musical Context." Musicae Scientiae 7, no. 2 (September 2003): 241–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102986490300700203.

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The present study addressed neuronal processing of musical tones that violate expectancies primed by auditorily and visually presented musical material. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded while the musically trained subjects were presented with short melodies composed for the experiment. The subject's expectations for the most likely ending were strengthened by displaying the melody score on a computer screen simultaneously with its auditory presentation. In about half of the melodies, the expected ending was randomly replaced by a tone violating the subjective expectancies in physical (frequency) and cognitive (harmonic) dimensions. The present ERP results indicate that the melodic expectations cover the tone pitch as well as its harmonic function. At least with highly repetitive melodies when the listener is provided with simultaneous visual information of the expected ending of the melody, the expectations are predominantly formed in the physical dimension: Significant effects of expectancy violation were found in N1, N2, P3, and N4 ERP deflections for physically most distant but harmonically best fitting ending tone. In addition to physical distance between the expected and unexpected ending tone, harmonic context of the given melody modulated N2 deflection already at 200 ms after the unexpected ending.

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Garinis, Angela C., and Barbara K. Cone-Wesson. "Effects of Stimulus Level on Cortical Auditory Event-Related Potentials Evoked by Speech." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 18, no. 02 (February 2007): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.18.2.3.

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The effect of stimulus level on cortical auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) evoked by consonant-vowel (CV) contrasts, /ta/, /da/, and /sa/, was investigated. The lowest level at which CVs were discriminated with >95% accuracy was determined for 15 normally hearing adults. ERPs were obtained at 0, 20, and 40 dB SL above this level during active listening. ERP latencies decreased as level increased. P300 amplitude did not vary with CV level or type; however, obligatory ERPs decreased in amplitude as level increased. The effect of level on P300 latency is likely related to the cognitive processing speed needed to perform speech discrimination. Obligatory ERP amplitude results suggest that attention demands vary with level during discrimination of speech features. Se investigó el efecto del nivel del estímulo en potenciales auditivos corticales relacionados con el evento (ERP) evocados por contrastes consonante-vocal (CV), /ta/, /da/ y /sa/. Se determinó en 15 adultos normoyentes el nivel menor al que se discriminaron los CV con > 95% de exactitud. Los ERP fueron obtenidos a 0, 20 y 40 dB SL por encima de este nivel durante audición activa. Las latencias de los ERP disminuyeron conforme los niveles aumentaron. La amplitud de la P300 no varió con el nivel o el tipo de los CV; sin embargo, las amplitudes siempre bajaron conforme subió el nivel. El efecto del nivel sobre las P300 parece estar relacionado con la velocidad de procesamiento cognitivo necesaria para realizar discriminación del lenguaje. Los resultados obligatorios de la amplitud de los ERP sugieren que las demandas de atención varían durante la discriminación de rasgos del lenguaje.

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Gamma, Alex, and Olga Kara. "Event-Related Potentials for Diagnosing Children and Adults With ADHD." Journal of Attention Disorders 24, no. 11 (March 10, 2016): 1581–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054716631821.

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Objective: The diagnosis of ADHD is based on behavioral criteria, which allow for subjective variability and invite criticism regarding the reality of the disorder. In this situation, more objective criteria would be desirable. We review the scientific literature for diagnostic tests based on event-related potentials (ERPs). Method: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria of reporting the sensitivity and specificity of an ERP-based classifier discriminating participants with ADHD from healthy controls. Study quality was rated using the second version of the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) system. Results: Overall, study quality was acceptable. The largest biases were lack of representativeness and overfitting. Sensitivities and specificities ranged from 57% to 96%, and 63% to 92%, respectively. However, no two studies used the same diagnostic test. Conclusion: There is a serious lack of coordination in worldwide efforts to find more objective ERP-based criteria for the diagnosis of ADHD. Concerted action is needed.

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Sams, Mikko, Reijo Aulanko, Olli Aaltonen, and Risto Näätänen. "Event-Related Potentials to Infrequent Changes in Synthesized Phonetic Stimuli." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2, no. 4 (October 1990): 344–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1990.2.4.344.

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Event-related potentials (ERPs) to synthetic consonant–vowel syllables were recorded. Infrequent changes in such a syllable elicited a "mismatch negativity" as well as an enhanced N100 component of the ERP even when subjects did not pay attention to the stimuli. Both components are probably generated in the supratemporal auditory cortex suggesting that in these areas there are neural networks that are automatically activated by speech-specific auditory stimulus features such as formant transitions.

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Koppehele-Gossel, Judith, Robert Schnuerch, and Henning Gibbons. "Lexical Processing as Revealed by Lateralized Event-Related Brain Potentials." Journal of Psychophysiology 33, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 148–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000218.

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Abstract. Neurocognitive models of written-word processing from low-level perceptual up to semantic analysis include the notion of a strongly left-lateralized posterior-to-anterior stream of activation. Two left-lateralized components in the event-related brain potential (ERP), N170 and temporo-parietal PSA (posterior semantic asymmetry; peak at 300 ms), have been suggested to reflect sublexical analysis and semantic processing, respectively. However, for intermediate processing steps, such as lexical access, no posterior left-lateralized ERP signature has yet been observed under single-word reading conditions. In combination with a recognition task, lexicality and depth of processing were varied. Left-minus-right difference ERPs optimally suited to accentuate left-lateralized language processes revealed an occipito-temporal processing negativity (210–270 ms) for all stimuli except alphanumerical strings. This asymmetry showed greater sensitivity to the combined effects of attention and lexicality than other ERPs in this time range (i.e., N170, P1, and P2). It is therefore introduced as “lexical asymmetry.”

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Kosonogov, Vladimir, Ekaterina Kovsh, and Elena Vorobyeva. "Event-Related Potentials during Verbal Recognition of Naturalistic Neutral-to-Emotional Dynamic Facial Expressions." Applied Sciences 12, no. 15 (August 2, 2022): 7782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12157782.

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Event-related potentials during facial emotion recognition have been studied for more than twenty years. Nowadays, there has been a growing interest in the use of naturalistic stimuli. This research was aimed, therefore, at studying event-related potentials (ERP) during recognition of dynamic facial neutral-to-emotional expressions, more ecologically valid than static faces. We recorded the ERP of 112 participants who watched 144 dynamic morphs depicting a gradual change from a neutral expression to a basic emotional expression (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise) and labelled those emotions verbally. We revealed some typical ERP, like N170, P2, EPN and LPP. Participants with lower accuracy exhibited a larger posterior P2. Participants with faster correct responses exhibited a larger amplitude of P2 and LPP. We also conducted a classification analysis that yielded the accuracy of 76% for prediction of participants who recognise emotions quickly on the basis of the amplitude of posterior P2 and LPP. These results extend data from previous research about the electroencephalographic correlates of facial emotion recognition.

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Charuthamrong, Pimwipa, Pasin Israsena, Solaphat Hemrungrojn, and Setha Pan-ngum. "Automatic Speech Discrimination Assessment Methods Based on Event-Related Potentials (ERP)." Sensors 22, no. 7 (April 1, 2022): 2702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072702.

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Speech discrimination is used by audiologists in diagnosing and determining treatment for hearing loss patients. Usually, assessing speech discrimination requires subjective responses. Using electroencephalography (EEG), a method that is based on event-related potentials (ERPs), could provide objective speech discrimination. In this work we proposed a visual-ERP-based method to assess speech discrimination using pictures that represent word meaning. The proposed method was implemented with three strategies, each with different number of pictures and test sequences. Machine learning was adopted to classify between the task conditions based on features that were extracted from EEG signals. The results from the proposed method were compared to that of a similar visual-ERP-based method using letters and a method that is based on the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) component. The P3 component and the late positive potential (LPP) component were observed in the two visual-ERP-based methods while MMN was observed during the MMN-based method. A total of two out of three strategies of the proposed method, along with the MMN-based method, achieved approximately 80% average classification accuracy by a combination of support vector machine (SVM) and common spatial pattern (CSP). Potentially, these methods could serve as a pre-screening tool to make speech discrimination assessment more accessible, particularly in areas with a shortage of audiologists.

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Kiss, Ivan, Hannah Pazderka-Robinson, and Darlene Floden. "Event-Related Brain Potentials and Central Executive Function: Further Evidence for Baddeley's Model." Journal of Psychophysiology 15, no. 1 (March 2001): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//0269-8803.15.1.1.

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Baddeley's influential model of working memory postulates a unitary central executive that allocates mental resources to several distinct short-term buffers. Subjects viewed individually presented single numerals and were required to maintain memory sets comprised of the most recently represented three stimuli. A clearly discernible visual event-related potentials (ERP) component emerged once the lengths of series of individual numbers exceeded memory set size and revision of working memory contents was required. An ERP correlate of working memory revision also emerged upon updating of auditory stimuli. This component was absent when subjects were exposed to the same series of stimuli in a standard “oddball” target detection situation. ERPs elicited when subjects were given the opportunity to rehearse without the need to update working memory contents clearly differed in latency from ERPs seen during updating. These findings provide support for previous studies suggesting a specific ERP correlate of central executive processes in working memory and are consistent with Baddeley's model.

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HUTT, AXEL. "AN ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR MODELING EVOKED AND EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 14, no. 02 (February 2004): 653–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127404009351.

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The present work reviews briefly a segmentation method and a modeling approach for multivariate quasi-stationary data. The combination of both parts allows the extraction of low-dimensional models from multidimensional data. The segmentation method is applied to event-related potentials and fields and early auditory evoked potentials and extracts ERP- and ERF-components and early auditory waves objectively and independent from the number of segments. Additionally, the early auditory wave Pa is modeled by a two-dimensional system of ordinary differential equations. We find a common topology of wave Pa, which lets us conjecture intrinsic low-dimensional underlying attractors in the corresponding neuronal dynamics.

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Shiroshita, Yui, Hikari Kirimoto, Mio Ozawa, Tatsunori Watanabe, Hiroko Uematsu, Keisuke Yunoki, and Ikuko Sobue. "Can Event-Related Potentials Evoked by Heel Lance Assess Pain Processing in Neonates? A Systematic Review." Children 8, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8020058.

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To clarify the possibility of event-related potential (ERP) evoked by heel lance in neonates as an index of pain assessment, knowledge acquired by and problems of the methods used in studies on ERP evoked by heel lance in neonates were systematically reviewed, including knowledge about Aδ and C fibers responding to noxious stimuli and Aβ fibers responding to non-noxious stimuli. Of the 863 reports searched, 19 were selected for the final analysis. The following points were identified as problems for ERP evoked by heel lance in neonates to serve as a pain assessment index: (1) It is possible that the ERP evoked by heel lance reflected the activation of Aβ fibers responding to non-noxious stimuli and not the activation of Aδ or C fibers responding to noxious stimulation; (2) Sample size calculation was presented in few studies, and the number of stimulation trials to obtain an averaged ERP was small. Accordingly, to establish ERP evoked by heel lance as a pain assessment in neonates, it is necessary to perform a study to clarify ERP evoked by Aδ- and C-fiber stimulations accompanied by heel lance in neonates.

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Kondo, Makiko, Shozo Inayoshi, Toshihide Kumamoto, Tomiyasu Tsuda, and Toru Okajima. "PS-46-13 Event-related potentials (ERP) in Minamata disease." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control 97, no. 4 (September 1995): S207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-980x(95)93205-8.

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Demiralp, T., A. Ademoglu, Y. Istefanopulos, and H. Ö. Gulcur. "600 Analysis of event-related potentials (ERP) by damped sinusoids." International Journal of Psychophysiology 30, no. 1-2 (September 1998): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8760(98)90599-2.

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Sokhadze, Estate M., Manuel F. Casanova, Emily L. Casanova, Eva Lamina, Desmond P. Kelly, and Irma Khachidze. "Event-related Potentials (ERP) in Cognitive Neuroscience Research and Applications." NeuroRegulation 4, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15540/nr.4.1.14.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Event related potentials ERP'

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