Academic literature on the topic 'Event-based evaluation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Event-based evaluation"
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Yılmaz, Özgün, Camille Simon-Chane, and Aymeric Histace. "Evaluation of Event-Based Corner Detectors." Journal of Imaging 7, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging7020025.
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Bio-inspired Event-Based (EB) cameras are a promising new technology that outperforms standard frame-based cameras in extreme lighted and fast moving scenes. Already, a number of EB corner detection techniques have been developed; however, the performance of these EB corner detectors has only been evaluated based on a few author-selected criteria rather than on a unified common basis, as proposed here. Moreover, their experimental conditions are mainly limited to less interesting operational regions of the EB camera (on which frame-based cameras can also operate), and some of the criteria, by definition, could not distinguish if the detector had any systematic bias. In this paper, we evaluate five of the seven existing EB corner detectors on a public dataset including extreme illumination conditions that have not been investigated before. Moreover, this evaluation is the first of its kind in terms of analysing not only such a high number of detectors, but also applying a unified procedure for all. Contrary to previous assessments, we employed both the intensity and trajectory information within the public dataset rather than only one of them. We show that a rigorous comparison among EB detectors can be performed without tedious manual labelling and even with challenging acquisition conditions. This study thus proposes the first standard unified EB corner evaluation procedure, which will enable better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of EB cameras and can therefore lead to more efficient EB corner detection techniques.
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Vogler, Arne, and Florian Ziel. "Event-Based Evaluation of Electricity Price Ensemble Forecasts." Forecasting 4, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/forecast4010004.
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The present paper considers the problem of choosing among a collection of competing electricity price forecasting models to address a stochastic decision-making problem. We propose an event-based evaluation framework applicable to any optimization problem, where uncertainty is captured through ensembles. The task of forecast evaluation is simplified from assessing a multivariate distribution over prices to assessing a univariate distribution over a binary outcome directly linked to the underlying decision-making problem. The applicability of our framework is demonstrated for two exemplary profit-maximization problems of a risk-neutral energy trader, (i) the optimal operation of a pumped-hydro storage plant and (ii) the optimal trading of subsidized renewable energy in Germany. We compare and contrast the approach with the full probabilistic and profit–loss-based evaluation frameworks. It is concluded that the event-based evaluation framework more reliably identifies economically equivalent forecasting models, and in addition, the results suggest that an event-based evaluation specifically tailored to the rare event is crucial for decision-making problems linked to rare events.
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Lu, Jing, and Vincent Ng. "Span-Based Event Coreference Resolution." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 15 (May 18, 2021): 13489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i15.17591.
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Motivated by the recent successful application of span-based models to entity-based information extraction tasks, we investigate span-based models for event coreference resolution, focusing on determining (1) whether the successes of span-based models of entity coreference can be extended to event coreference; (2) whether exploiting the dependency between event coreference and the related subtask of trigger detection; and (3) whether automatically computed entity coreference information can benefit span-based event coreference resolution. Empirical results on the standard evaluation dataset provide affirmative answers to all three questions.
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Beebeejaun, Kazim, James Elston, Isabel Oliver, Adachioma Ihueze, Chika Ukenedo, Olusola Aruna, Favour Makava, et al. "Evaluation of National Event-Based Surveillance, Nigeria, 2016–2018." Emerging Infectious Diseases 27, no. 3 (March 2021): 694–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2703.200141.
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Jolley, Andrew, Greg Cohen, Damien Joubert, and Andrew Lambert. "Evaluation of Event-Based Sensors for Satellite Material Characterization." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 59, no. 2 (March 2022): 627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.a35015.
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Hwang, Soo-Hee, Sukhyang Lee, Hyun-Kyung Koo, and Yoon Kim. "Evaluation of a computer-based adverse-drug-event monitor." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 65, no. 23 (December 1, 2008): 2265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2146/ajhp080122.
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Bowers, Clint, Florian Jentsch, David Baker, Carolyn Prince, and Eduardo Salas. "Rapidly Reconfigurable Event-Set Based Line Operational Evaluation Scenarios." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 41, no. 2 (October 1997): 912–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107118139704100243.
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An important cornerstone of the Advanced Qualification Program is the use of realistic flight simulations to train flight crews and evaluate their proficiency. This is achieved through the use of Line Operational Simulations (LOSs) which contain a number of realistic event sets that require flight crews to use the knowledge, skills, and abilities they gained in training in both technical and crew resource management areas. In the past, the development of LOS scenarios was complex, expensive, and time-consuming. As a result, the number of LOS scenarios used by any particular training organization was limited. This may have led, in some cases, to the LOS scenarios being compromised among flight crews, thus reducing the validity and reliability of the assessment process. In response to this problem, it has been suggested to create a methodology for quickly reconfiguring the content of flight simulator LOS scenarios. This paper provides a background for this new development and describes a research project that was begun in response to this need. A number of specific research questions are discussed which need to be answered before the methodology can be adopted by participants in the AQP program.
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Stöcker, Christian, Daniel Vey, and Jan Lunze. "Decentralized event-based control: Stability analysis and experimental evaluation." Nonlinear Analysis: Hybrid Systems 10 (November 2013): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nahs.2013.05.001.
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Billinton, R., and W. Wangdee. "Approximate Methods for Event-Based Customer Interruption Cost Evaluation." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 20, no. 2 (May 2005): 1103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2005.846098.
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Birawo, Birtukan, and Pawel Kasprowski. "Review and Evaluation of Eye Movement Event Detection Algorithms." Sensors 22, no. 22 (November 15, 2022): 8810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228810.
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Eye tracking is a technology aimed at understanding the direction of the human gaze. Event detection is a process of detecting and classifying eye movements that are divided into several types. Nowadays, event detection is almost exclusively done by applying a detection algorithm to the raw recorded eye-tracking data. However, due to the lack of a standard procedure for how to perform evaluations, evaluating and comparing various detection algorithms in eye-tracking signals is very challenging. In this paper, we used data from a high-speed eye-tracker SMI HiSpeed 1250 system and compared event detection performance. The evaluation focused on fixations, saccades and post-saccadic oscillation classification. It used sample-by-sample comparisons to compare the algorithms and inter-agreement between algorithms and human coders. The impact of varying threshold values on threshold-based algorithms was examined and the optimum threshold values were determined. This evaluation differed from previous evaluations by using the same dataset to evaluate the event detection algorithms and human coders. We evaluated and compared the different algorithms from threshold-based, machine learning-based and deep learning event detection algorithms. The evaluation results show that all methods perform well for fixation and saccade detection; however, there are substantial differences in classification results. Generally, CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) and RF (Random Forest) algorithms outperform threshold-based methods.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Event-based evaluation"
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Kakarla, Sujana. "Partial evaluation based triple modular redundancy for single event upset mitigation." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001146.
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Rathfelder, Christoph [Verfasser]. "Modelling Event-Based Interactions in Component-Based Architectures for Quantitative System Evaluation / Christoph Rathfelder." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2013. http://www.ksp.kit.edu.
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Hellberg, Simon, and Dominik Hollidt. "Evaluation of Camera Resolution in Optical Flow Estimation Using Event-Based Cameras." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280321.
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Developments in event-based camera technology and their recent increase in pixel count raised the question of whether resolution helps the accuracy and performance of algorithms. This thesis studies the impact of resolution on optical flow estimation for event-based cameras. For this purpose, we created a data set containing a mix of synthetic scenes and real camera recordings with ground truth available. For the modeling of low-resolution data, we designed three different downsampling algorithms. The camera used for the real scene recordings was the Prophesee (CSD3SVCD), which was determined to be the best out of the current state-of-the-art cameras in a prestudy. The camera investigation evaluated the camera’s performance in terms of temporal and spatial accuracy. In order to answer the question, whether resolution benefits the accuracy of optical flow estimation, we ran a total of 13 algorithms variations from four algorithm families (Lucas-Kanade [1, 2], Local-Planes fitting [2, 3], direction-selective filter [2, 4] and patch match [5]) on the data set. We then analysed their performance in terms of processing time, output density, angular error, endpoint error and relative endpoint error. The results show that no global correlation between resolution and accuracy across all algorithms can be identified. However, methods show individually different behaviour on different data. The best performing methods, the patch match algorithms, seemed to prefer the less dense downsampled data. The evaluation also showed that rather than resolution, the specific characteristics of the data seemed to have a larger impact on accuracy. Thus denoised data might increase accuracy more than a change of resolution.De senaste utvecklingarna inom händelsebaserad kamerateknologi och deras nyligen utökade mängd pixlar ställer frågan om denna högre upplösning påverkar precision samt prestanda för algoritmer. Den här rapporten studerar påverkan av upplösning på optiskt flödes-algoritmer för händelsebaserade kameror. För att göra detta skapas en dataupsättning av riktiga och syntetiska scener, där det sanna optiska flödet är känt. För att modellera den lågupplösta datan används tre olika nedskalningsalgoritmer. Kameran som används för att spela in de riktiga scenerna var Prophesee (CSD3SVCD), som vi avgjorde var den bästa av de nuvarande existerande kamerorna i en förstudie. I förstudien bedömde vi kamerornas precision i tid samt rymd. För att besvara vår huvudsakliga fråga testades totalt 13 algoritmvariationer från fyra algoritmfamiljer (Lucas-Kanade [1, 2], Local Planes fitting [3, 2], direction-selective filter [4, 2] och patch match [5]). Vi analyserar deras prestanda i beräkningstid, densitet av vektorer, ändpunktsfel, relativt ändpunktsfel och vinkelfel. Resultaten visar ingen global trend över alla algoritmer för precision av optiskt flöde baserat på upplösning. Individuella trender kan dock skönjas inom algoritmfamiljer. Den bäst presterande algoritmfamiljen, patch match, verkade föredra de mindre täta typerna av nedskalning. Utvärderingen visar också att över upplösning så verkar datans specifika karaktäristik ha större påverkan på precision. Därför kan brusreducerad data ha mer påverkan på en algoritms precision än en ändrad upplösning.
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Borowski, Jimmy. "Software Architecture Simulation : Performance evaluation during the design phase." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik och datavetenskap, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5882.
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Due to the increasing size and complexity of software systems, software architectures have become a crucial part in development projects. A lot of effort has been put into defining formal ways for describing architecture specifications using Architecture Description Languages (ADLs). Since no common ADL today offers tools for evaluating the performance, an attempt to develop such a tool based on an event-based simulation engine has been made. Common ADLs were investigated and the work was based on the fundamentals within the field of software architectures. The tool was evaluated both in terms of correctness in predictions as well as usability to show that it actually is possible to evaluate the performance using high-level architectures as models.
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Askerud, Caroline, and Sara Wall. "Evaluation of bus terminals using microscopic traffic simulation." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139028.
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Traffic simulation is a safe and efficient tool to investigate infrastructural changes as well as traffic conditions. This master thesis aims to analyse a microscopic traffic simulation method for evaluation of bus terminal capacity. The evaluation is performed by investigating a case study of the bus terminal at Norrköping travel centre. The analysed method, referred to as terminal logic in the thesis, uses a combination of time based and event based simulation. Through the combination of time and event, it is possible to capture all movements within the terminal for individual vehicles. The simulation model is built in the software Vissim. A new travel centre for Norrköping is under development. Among the reasons for a new travel centre is the railway project Ostlänken in the eastern part of Sweden. An evaluation of the bus terminal is interesting due to a suspicion of overcapacity and the opportunity of redesigning. To investigate both the terminal capacity and the terminal logic, three scenarios were implemented. Scenario 1: Current design and frequency Scenario 2: Current design with higher frequency Scenario 3: Decreased number of bus stops with current frequency The results from the scenarios confirm the assumption of overcapacity. The capacity was evaluated based on several different measures, all indicating a low utilization. Even so, the utilization was uneven over time and congestion could still occur when several buses departed at the same time. This was also seen when studying the simulation, which showed congestions when several buses departed at the same time. The case study established the terminal logic to be useful when evaluating capacity at bus terminals. It provides a good understanding of how the terminal operates and captures the movements. However, it was time-consuming to adjust the logic to the studied terminal. This is a disadvantage when investigating more than one alternative. The thesis resulted in two main conclusions. Firstly, a more optimised planning of the buses at Norrköping bus terminal would probably be achievable and lead to less congestions at the exits. Secondly, the terminal logic is a good method to use when evaluating bus terminals but it is not straight forward to implement.
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Toresson, Gabriel. "Documenting and Improving the Design of a Large-scale System." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Programvara och system, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157733.
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As software systems become increasingly larger and more complex, the need to make them easily maintained increases, as large systems are expected to last for many years. It has been estimated that system maintenance is a large part of many IT-departments’ software development costs. In order to design a complex system to be maintainable it is necessary to introduce structure, often as models in the form of a system architecture and a system design. As development of complex large-scale systems progresses over time, the models may need to be reconstructed. Perhaps because development may have diverted from the initial plan, or because changes had to be made during implementation. This thesis presents a reconstructed documentation of a complex large-scale system, as well as suggestions for how to improve the existing design based on identified needs and insufficiencies. The work was performed primarily using a qualitative manual code review approach of the source code, and the proposal was generated iteratively. The proposed design was evaluated and it was concluded that it does address the needs and insufficiencies, and that it can be realistically implemented.
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Montvida, Olga. "Evaluation of cardio-metabolic effects of treatment with incretin-based therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/122920/1/Olga_Montvida_Thesis.pdf.
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This dissertation provides a detailed exploration and valuable insights of type 2 diabetes management in the real-world setting. Incretin-based therapies and thiazolidinedione were found to provide higher chances of sustainable glycaemic and cardiovascular risk factor control, compared to older anti-diabetic treatment options. The project highlights alarming rates of the existing cardio-metabolic burden at the population level. Proper control in terms of timely intensification with anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-dyslipidemic therapies when needed, remains a key aspect to improve long-term outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Trogadas, Giorgos, and Larissa Ekonoja. "The effect of noise filters on DVS event streams : Examining background activity filters on neuromorphic event streams." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302514.
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Image classification using data from neuromorphic vision sensors is a challenging task that affects the use of dynamic vision sensor cameras in real- world environments. One impeding factor is noise in the neuromorphic event stream, which is often generated by the dynamic vision sensors themselves. This means that effective noise filtration is key to successful use of event- based data streams in real-world applications. In this paper we harness two feature representations of neuromorphic vision data in order to apply conventional frame-based image tools on the neuromorphic event stream. We use a standard noise filter to evaluate the effectiveness of noise filtration using a popular dataset converted to neuromorphic vision data. The two feature representations are the best-of-class standard Histograms of Averaged Time Surfaces (HATS) and a simpler grid matrix representation. To evaluate the effectiveness of the noise filter, we compare classification accuracies using various noise filter windows at different noise levels by adding additional artificially generated Gaussian noise to the dataset. Our performance metrics are reported as classification accuracy. Our results show that the classification accuracy using frames generated with HATS is not significantly improved by a noise filter. However, the classification accuracy of the frames generated with the more traditional grid representation is improved. These results can be refined and tuned for other datasets and may eventually contribute to on- the- fly noise reduction in neuromorphic vision sensors.Händelsekameror är en ny typ av kamera som registrerar små ljusförändringar i kamerans synfält. Sensorn som kameran bygger på är modellerad efter näthinnan som finns i våra ögon. Näthinnan är uppbyggd av tunna lager av celler som omvandlar ljus till nervsignaler. Eftersom synsensorer efterliknar nervsystemet har de getts namnet neuromorfiska synsensorer. För att registrera små ljusförändringar måste dessa sensorer vara väldigt känsliga vilket även genererar ett elektroniskt brus. Detta brus försämrar kvalitén på signalen vilket blir en förhindrande faktor när dessa synsensorer ska användas i praktiken och ställer stora krav på att hitta effektiva metoder för brusredusering. Denna avhandling undersöker två typer av digitala framställningar som omvandlar signalen ifrån händelsekameror till något som efterliknar vanliga bilder som kan användas med traditionella metoder för bildigenkänning. Vi undersöker brusreduseringens inverkan på den övergripande noggrannhet som uppnås av en artificiell intelligens vid bildigenkänning. För att utmana AIn har vi tillfört ytterligare normalfördelat brus i signalen. De digitala framställningar som används är dels histogram av genomsnittliga tidsytor (eng. histograms of averaged time surfaces) och en matrisrepresentation. Vi visar att HATS är robust och klarar av att generera digitala framställningar som tillåter AIn att bibehålla god noggrannhet även vid höga nivåer av brus, vilket medför att brusreduseringens inverkan var försumbar. Matrisrepresentationen gynnas av brusredusering vid högre nivåer av brus.
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Yun, Changgeun. "THREE ESSAYS ON PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/msppa_etds/15.
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Organizations play key roles in modern societies. The importance of organizations for a society requires an understanding of organizations. In order to fully understand public organizations, it is necessary to recognize how organizational settings affect subjects of organizations and organizing. Although public and private organizations interrelate with each other, the two types are not identical. In this dissertation, I attempt to describe public organizations in their own setting by discussing three important topics in public organization theory: (1) innovation adoption in the public sector; (2) representative bureaucracy; and (3) decline and death of public organizations.
In Chapter II, I scrutinize early adoption of innovations at the organizational level and explore which public organizations become early adopters in the diffusion process. The adoption of an innovation is directly related to the motivation to innovate. That is, organizations performing poorly will have a motivation to seek new solutions. I estimate the strength of the motivation by observing prior performance. The main finding of the second chapter is that performance-based motivation has a twofold impact on early innovation adoption: negative for organizations with low performance, but positive for those with very high performance. This study estimates top 3.8% as the turning point defining which organizations attain outstanding performance and show the positive relationship between performance and innovation adoption.
In Chapter III, develop a theoretical framework for predicting and explaining active representation in bureaucracy and test two hypotheses from the framework to test its validity. First, active representation requires the loss of organizational rewards. Second, a minority group mobilizes external support to minimize the cost of active representation. These findings support that active representation is a political activity in which bargaining between formal and informal roles occurs. In addition, I add evidence to the literature demonstrating that the two prerequisites – policy discretion and a critical mass – must be satisfied for active representation to occur.
In Chapter IV, I argue that organizational change is a result of a relationship between an organization and the environment. And, I suggest and advance the theory of organizational ecology for examining environment effect on organizational decline and death. The theory has been extensively studies in the business sector, so I advance the theory to be applicable to the public sector. First, I add political variables, such as change in the executive branch and the legislature, unified government, and hypothesize that (1) an organization established by a party other than the one in the executive branch in any given year will be more likely to be terminated or decline; that (2) an organization established by a party other than the one in the legislature in any given year will be more likely to be terminated or decline; and that (3) if an unfriendly party controls both the executive branch and the legislature, organizations established by other parties are more likely to be terminated or decline. Second, the effect of the economic environment on the life cycle of public organizations is not as straightforward and simple as their effect on business firms.
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Ahrsjö, Carl. "Real-time event based visualization of multivariate abstract datasets : Implementing and evaluating a dashboard visualization prototype." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170395.
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As datasets in general grow in size and complexity over time while the human cognitive ability to interpret said datasets essentially stays the same, it becomes important to enable intuitive visualization methods for analysis. Based on previous research in the field of information visualization and visual analytics, a dashboard visualization prototype handling real-time event based traffic was implemented and evaluated. The real-time data is collected by a script and sent to a self-implemented web server that opens up a websocket connection with the dashboard client where the data is then visualized. Said data consisted of transactions and related metadata of an ecommerce retail site applied to a real customer scenario. The dashboard was developed using an agile method, continuously involving the thesis supervisor in the design and functionality process. The final design also depended on the results of an interview with a representative from one of the two target groups. The two target groups consisted of 5 novice and 5 expert users to the field of information visualization and visual analytics. The intuitiveness of the dashboard visualization prototype was evaluated by conducting two user studies, one for each target group, where the test subjects were asked to interact with the dashboard visualization, answer some questions and lastly solving a predefined set of tasks. The time spent solving said tasks, the amount of serious misinterpretations and the number of wrong answers was recorded and evaluated. The results from the user study showed that the use of colors, icons, level on animation, the choice of visualization method and level of interaction were the most important aspects for carrying out an efficient analytical process according to the test subjects. The test subjects desired to zoom in on each component, to filter the contents of the dashboard and to get additional information about the components on-demand. The most important result produced from developing the dashboard was how to handle the scalability of the application. It is highly important that the websocket connection remain stable when scaling out to handle more concurrent HTTP requests. The research also conclude that the dashboard should handle visualization methods that are intuitive for all users, that the real-time data needs to be put into relation to historical data if one wishes to carry out a valid analytical process and that real-time data can be used to discover trends and patterns in an early-as-possible stage. Lastly, the research provides a set of guidelines for scalability, modularity, intuitiveness and relations between datasets.
Books on the topic "Event-based evaluation"
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Dashper, Katherine, Guðrún Helgadóttir, and Ingibjörg Sigurðardóttir, eds. Humans, horses and events management. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242751.0000.
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Abstract This book uses a particular equestrian event (Landsmót, the National Championships of the Icelandic Horse) as a case to illustrate various aspects of managing and experiencing sports events, their impacts and their legacies. The remainder of this book is split into six sections, based around the planning, implementation and evaluation of a multispecies event. Each chapter stands alone in terms of offering theoretical and empirical insight on different aspects of multispecies events management, viewed from a range of theoretical and disciplinary perspectives. The book has 17 chapters, a glossary and a subject index.
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Elizandro, David, and Hamdy Taha. Fundamentals of Performance Evaluation of Computer-Based Systems: Discrete Event Simulation Using Excel/VBA. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Elizandro, David, and Hamdy Taha. Fundamentals of Performance Evaluation of Computer-Based Systems: Discrete Event Simulation Using Excel/VBA. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Elizandro, David, and Hamdy Taha. Fundamentals of Performance Evaluation of Computer-Based Systems: Discrete Event Simulation Using Excel/VBA. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Elizandro, David, and Hamdy Taha. Fundamentals of Performance Evaluation of Computer-Based Systems: Discrete Event Simulation Using Excel/VBA. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Elizandro, David, and Hamdy Taha. Fundamentals of Performance Evaluation of Computer-Based Systems: Discrete Event Simulation Using Excel/VBA. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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McCart, Michael R., and Kristyn Zajac. Victims of Violence. Edited by Phillip M. Kleespies. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352722.013.12.
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This chapter provides a brief overview on the prevalence and common consequences of violent victimization among adults. It also summarizes practice guidelines for the evaluation and management of victims in the acute aftermath of an assault. Guidelines argue against delivery of debriefing interventions in the days following a traumatic event and advocate instead for the provision of Psychological First Aid or early, exposure-based protocols. Symptom-based assessments are recommended for tracking victims’ distress levels over time. In addition, for individuals who continue to experience significant distress symptoms several weeks postincident, it may be advisable to deliver an evidence-based, early cognitive-behavioral intervention.
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Grush, Rick, and Lisa Damm. Cognition and the Brain. Edited by Eric Margolis, Richard Samuels, and Stephen P. Stich. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195309799.013.0012.
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The article explores the relationship between cognition and the brain. Some researches indicate that emotions provide information, anticipate future responses, influence reasoning strategy, index value, and direct attention toward particular objects but few psychologists have attempted to incorporate these results into an integrative general theory of cognition and emotion. Antonio Damasio claims that emotions are primarily representations of somatic states, including visceral and musculoskeletal, at the psychological level. The relationship between the event type and the associated emotional reaction is learned so that when the same type of event is encountered, or the same type of action considered, it can induce the corresponding emotion and the valance of that emotion can influence how the agent behaves in that situation. Damasio argued that somatic markers help facilitate reasoning by providing a rapid processing of potential decision outcomes based on immediate endorsement or rejection, which then helps constrain the decision-making space to a manageable size for which it becomes reasonable to employ more traditional means of evaluation such as cost-benefit analysis on the remaining options. Berthoz argued that the brain is a simulator of action and a generator of hypotheses such that anticipating and predicting the consequences of actions based on the remembered past is one of the basic properties of the brain.
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Coupe, Timothy. Burglary Decisions. Edited by Wim Bernasco, Jean-Louis van Gelder, and Henk Elffers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199338801.013.32.
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This chapter examines burglary event decisions, decisions leading up to the burglary, and the burglary characteristics that provide insights into them. It critically reviews the evidence on burglary decisions; highlights gaps in knowledge, methodologies, and aspects of theory; and discusses the potential for additional research. It draws on studies based on interviews and experimental research with imprisoned offenders and, less commonly, active burglars, as well as research on targeting patterns and burglary target characteristics. Topics are ordered to consider theories, targeting strategies, and selection decisions; decisions at the scene relating to entering, while inside, and leaving premises; decisions about which goods to steal and their disposal; and the evaluation of successful and unsuccessful decisions. The extent to which selected theories help explain key decisions is critically assessed.
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Nelson, Bret P., ed. Acute Care Casebook. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190865412.001.0001.
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Acute Care Casebook provides a case-based approach to the broad practice of acute care medicine, covering a variety of common patient presentations and clinical environments. This book features over 70 illustrated cases, including presentations of trauma and medical illness in wilderness medicine, military and prehospital environments, pediatrics, emergency medicine, and intensive care unit and floor emergencies. Designed for students and trainees in medicine, nursing, emergency medical services, and other acute care specialties, this text guides readers through not only symptom evaluation and treatment but also the thought process and priorities of experienced clinicians. Each chapter features key diagnoses and management pearls from leading experts that will help prepare readers for any event, from stabilizing and transporting a trauma patient in the field, to managing postoperative complications in the intensive care unit.
Book chapters on the topic "Event-based evaluation"
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Grunske, Lars, Bernhard Kaiser, and Yiannis Papadopoulos. "Model-Driven Safety Evaluation with State-Event-Based Component Failure Annotations." In Component-Based Software Engineering, 33–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11424529_3.
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Donner, Reik, Uwe Hinrichs, Christin Schicht, and Bernd Scholz-Reiter. "Complexity-Based Evaluation of Production Strategies Using Discrete-Event Simulation." In Dynamics in Logistics, 423–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11996-5_38.
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Errico, D., M. Re, V. Colombo, G. C. Cardarilli, M. Martina, and M. Ruo Roch. "AI-Based Sound Event Detection on IoT Nodes: Requirements Evaluation." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 141–48. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30333-3_18.
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Rausch, Michael, and William H. Sanders. "Sensitivity Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of State-Based Discrete-Event Simulation Models Through a Stacked Ensemble of Metamodels." In Quantitative Evaluation of Systems, 276–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59854-9_20.
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Lee, Suhwan, Marco Comuzzi, and Xixi Lu. "Continuous Performance Evaluation for Business Process Outcome Monitoring." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 237–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98581-3_18.
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AbstractWhile a few approaches to online predictive monitoring have focused on concept drift model adaptation, none have considered in depth the issue of performance evaluation for online process outcome prediction. Without such a continuous evaluation, users may be unaware of the performance of predictive models, resulting in inaccurate and misleading predictions. This paper fills this gap by proposing a framework for evaluating online process outcome predictions, comprising two different evaluation methods. These methods are partly inspired by the literature on streaming classification with delayed labels and complement each other to provide a comprehensive evaluation of process monitoring techniques: one focuses on real-time performance evaluation, i.e., evaluating the performance of the most recent predictions, whereas the other focuses on progress-based evaluation, i.e., evaluating the ability of a model to output correct predictions at different prefix lengths. We present an evaluation involving three publicly available event logs, including a log characterised by concept drift.
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Griffin, Keith, and Colin Flanagan. "Evaluation of Asynchronous Event Mechanisms for Browser-based Real-time Communication Integration." In Technological Developments in Networking, Education and Automation, 461–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9151-2_80.
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Lee, Chung-Hong, Chih-Hong Wu, Hsin-Chang Yang, and Wei-Shiang Wen. "Computing Event Relatedness Based on a Novel Evaluation of Social-Media Streams." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 697–707. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4516-2_74.
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Xiong, Jing, Guohui Xiao, Tahir Emre Kalayci, Marco Montali, Zhenzhen Gu, and Diego Calvanese. "A Virtual Knowledge Graph Based Approach for Object-Centric Event Logs Extraction." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 466–78. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27815-0_34.
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AbstractProcess mining is a family of techniques that support the analysis of operational processes based on event logs. Among the existing event log formats, the IEEE standard eXtensible Event Stream () is the most widely adopted. In , each event must be related to a single case object, which may lead to convergence and divergence problems. To solve such issues, object-centric approaches become promising, where objects are the central notion and one event may refer to multiple objects. In particular, the Object-Centric Event Logs () standard has been proposed recently. However, the crucial problem of extracting logs from external sources is still largely unexplored. In this paper, we try to fill this gap by leveraging the Virtual Knowledge Graph () approach to access data in relational databases. We have implemented this approach in the system, extending it to support both and standards. We have carried out an experiment with over the Dolibarr system. The evaluation results confirm that can effectively extract logs and the performance is scalable.
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Hu, Yung-Li, Chu-Yu Wang, Ching-Kai Kao, Shao-Yu Chang, David S. L. Wei, Yennun Huang, Ing-Yi Chen, and Sy-Yen Kuo. "Toward Fog-Based Event-Driven Services for Internet of Vehicles: Design and Evaluation." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 201–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72329-7_18.
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Peng, Ningyue, Jing Ma, and Chengqi Xue. "Evaluation of Matching Degree Between Touch Gestures and User Mental Model Based on Event-Related Potential." In Human Systems Engineering and Design, 173–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02053-8_28.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Event-based evaluation"
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Roth, D., E. Koller-Meier, D. Rowe, T. B. Moeslund, and L. Van Gool. "Event-Based Tracking Evaluation Metric." In 2008 IEEE Workshop on Motion and video Computing (WMVC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wmvc.2008.4544059.
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Kolchinsky, Ilya, Izchak Sharfman, and Assaf Schuster. "Lazy evaluation methods for detecting complex events." In DEBS '15: The 9th ACM International Conference on Distributed Event-Based Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2675743.2771832.
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Gava, Luna, Marco Monforte, Chiara Bartolozzi, and Arren Glover. "How Late is too Late? A Preliminary Event-based Latency Evaluation." In 2022 8th International Conference on Event-Based Control, Communication, and Signal Processing (EBCCSP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ebccsp56922.2022.9845622.
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Wang, Nan, and Guang Lei. "User Influence Evaluation Based on Behavioral Event Model." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computer Applications (ICAICA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaica52286.2021.9498130.
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Sachs, Kai. "Performance evaluation and benchmarking of event-based systems." In the third joint WOSP/SIPEW international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2188286.2188314.
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Mohamed, Saleh, Matthew Forshaw, Nigel Thomas, and Andrew Dinn. "Performance and Dependability Evaluation of Distributed Event-based Systems." In ICPE '17: ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3030207.3030245.
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Pottebaum, J., A. Artikis, R. Marterer, and G. Paliouras. "User-Oriented Evaluation of Event-Based Decision Support Systems." In 2012 IEEE 24th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictai.2012.30.
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Querol, Esteban, Julio Ariel Romero, Julio Serrano, and Roberto Sanchis. "Evaluation of closed loop control applications using different event management strategies under IEC 61499." In 2016 Second International Conference on Event-based Control, Communication, and Signal Processing (EBCCSP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ebccsp.2016.7605263.
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Van Khang, Nguyen, Eric Renault, and Ruben Milocco. "Event Aggregation for Smartphone-based Road-Anomaly Detection." In 2019 8th International Conference on Performance Evaluation and Modeling in Wired and Wireless Networks (PEMWN). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/pemwn47208.2019.8986942.
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Shukla, Nitin, and Mayank Pandey. "Stochastic Modeling and Performance Evaluation of an Event Based System." In 2014 2nd International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud (FiCloud). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ficloud.2014.87.
Full textReports on the topic "Event-based evaluation"
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Saldivar-Carranza, Enrique D., Howell Li, Jijo K. Mathew, Jairaj Desai, Tom Platte, Saumabha Gayen, James Sturdevant, Mark Taylor, Charles Fisher, and Darcy M. Bullock. Next Generation Traffic Signal Performance Measures: Leveraging Connected Vehicle Data. Purdue University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317625.
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High-resolution connected vehicle (CV) trajectory and event data has recently become commercially available. With over 500 billion vehicle position records generated each month in the United States, these data sets provide unique opportunities to build on and expand previous advances on traffic signal performance measures and safety evaluation. This report is a synthesis of research focused on the development of CV-based performance measures. A discussion is provided on data requirements, such as acquisition, storage, and access. Subsequently, techniques to reference vehicle trajectories to relevant roadways and movements are presented. This allows for performance analyses that can range from the movement- to the system-level. A comprehensive suite of methodologies to evaluate signal performance using vehicle trajectories is then provided. Finally, uses of CV hard-braking and hard-acceleration event data to assess safety and driver behavior are discussed. To evaluate scalability and test the proposed techniques, performance measures for over 4,700 traffic signals were estimated using more than 910 million vehicle trajectories and 14 billion GPS points in all 50 states and Washington, D.C. The contents of this report will help the industry transition towards a hybrid blend of detector- and CV-based signal performance measures with rigorously defined performance measures that have been peer-reviewed by both academics and industry leaders.
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Wu, Yingjie, Selim Gunay, and Khalid Mosalam. Hybrid Simulations for the Seismic Evaluation of Resilient Highway Bridge Systems. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/ytgv8834.
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Bridges often serve as key links in local and national transportation networks. Bridge closures can result in severe costs, not only in the form of repair or replacement, but also in the form of economic losses related to medium- and long-term interruption of businesses and disruption to surrounding communities. In addition, continuous functionality of bridges is very important after any seismic event for emergency response and recovery purposes. Considering the importance of these structures, the associated structural design philosophy is shifting from collapse prevention to maintaining functionality in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes, referred to as “resiliency” in earthquake engineering research. Moreover, the associated construction philosophy is being modernized with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques, which strive to reduce the impact of construction on traffic, society, economy and on-site safety. This report presents two bridge systems that target the aforementioned issues. A study that combined numerical and experimental research was undertaken to characterize the seismic performance of these bridge systems. The first part of the study focuses on the structural system-level response of highway bridges that incorporate a class of innovative connecting devices called the “V-connector,”, which can be used to connect two components in a structural system, e.g., the column and the bridge deck, or the column and its foundation. This device, designed by ACII, Inc., results in an isolation surface at the connection plane via a connector rod placed in a V-shaped tube that is embedded into the concrete. Energy dissipation is provided by friction between a special washer located around the V-shaped tube and a top plate. Because of the period elongation due to the isolation layer and the limited amount of force transferred by the relatively flexible connector rod, bridge columns are protected from experiencing damage, thus leading to improved seismic behavior. The V-connector system also facilitates the ABC by allowing on-site assembly of prefabricated structural parts including those of the V-connector. A single-column, two-span highway bridge located in Northern California was used for the proof-of-concept of the proposed V-connector protective system. The V-connector was designed to result in an elastic bridge response based on nonlinear dynamic analyses of the bridge model with the V-connector. Accordingly, a one-third scale V-connector was fabricated based on a set of selected design parameters. A quasi-static cyclic test was first conducted to characterize the force-displacement relationship of the V-connector, followed by a hybrid simulation (HS) test in the longitudinal direction of the bridge to verify the intended linear elastic response of the bridge system. In the HS test, all bridge components were analytically modeled except for the V-connector, which was simulated as the experimental substructure in a specially designed and constructed test setup. Linear elastic bridge response was confirmed according to the HS results. The response of the bridge with the V-connector was compared against that of the as-built bridge without the V-connector, which experienced significant column damage. These results justified the effectiveness of this innovative device. The second part of the study presents the HS test conducted on a one-third scale two-column bridge bent with self-centering columns (broadly defined as “resilient columns” in this study) to reduce (or ultimately eliminate) any residual drifts. The comparison of the HS test with a previously conducted shaking table test on an identical bridge bent is one of the highlights of this study. The concept of resiliency was incorporated in the design of the bridge bent columns characterized by a well-balanced combination of self-centering, rocking, and energy-dissipating mechanisms. This combination is expected to lead to minimum damage and low levels of residual drifts. The ABC is achieved by utilizing precast columns and end members (cap beam and foundation) through an innovative socket connection. In order to conduct the HS test, a new hybrid simulation system (HSS) was developed, utilizing commonly available software and hardware components in most structural laboratories including: a computational platform using Matlab/Simulink [MathWorks 2015], an interface hardware/software platform dSPACE [2017], and MTS controllers and data acquisition (DAQ) system for the utilized actuators and sensors. Proper operation of the HSS was verified using a trial run without the test specimen before the actual HS test. In the conducted HS test, the two-column bridge bent was simulated as the experimental substructure while modeling the horizontal and vertical inertia masses and corresponding mass proportional damping in the computer. The same ground motions from the shaking table test, consisting of one horizontal component and the vertical component, were applied as input excitations to the equations of motion in the HS. Good matching was obtained between the shaking table and the HS test results, demonstrating the appropriateness of the defined governing equations of motion and the employed damping model, in addition to the reliability of the developed HSS with minimum simulation errors. The small residual drifts and the minimum level of structural damage at large peak drift levels demonstrated the superior seismic response of the innovative design of the bridge bent with self-centering columns. The reliability of the developed HS approach motivated performing a follow-up HS study focusing on the transverse direction of the bridge, where the entire two-span bridge deck and its abutments represented the computational substructure, while the two-column bridge bent was the physical substructure. This investigation was effective in shedding light on the system-level performance of the entire bridge system that incorporated innovative bridge bent design beyond what can be achieved via shaking table tests, which are usually limited by large-scale bridge system testing capacities.
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Mangalathu, Sujith, Mehrdad Shokrabadi, and Henry Burton. Aftershock Seismic Vulnerability and Time-Dependent Risk Assessment of Bridges. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/uuue2614.
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The time-dependent seismic risk of bridges is assessed while account accounting for the effect of aftershocks and the uncertainty in the damage state after a mainshock event. To achieve this, a Markov risk-assessment framework is adopted to account for the probabilistic transition of the bridge structure through different damage states and time-dependent aftershock hazard. The methodology is applied to three typical California bridge configurations that differ only based on their era of design and construction. Era 11, Era 22, and Era 33 designations are used for the three bridges, which are designed and detailed to reflect pre-1971, 1971–1990 and post-1990 construction. In addition to mainshock-only evaluations (used as a benchmark to quantify the additional risk posed by aftershocks), pre-mainshock (to account for the uncertainty in the occurrence of mainshock and aftershock events) and post-mainshock (which are based on a conditioning mainshock event and bridge damage state) seismic risk assessments are performed. To support these assessments, a set of 34 pairs of ground motions from as-recorded mainshock–aftershock sequences is assembled. Sequential nonlinear response history analyses (including incremental dynamic analyses) are used to obtain the response demands when the structural models of all bridges are subjected to mainshock-only records or mainshock–aftershock record-pairs. Physical damage in both the mainshock and mainshock–aftershock environments is defined using the following mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive limit states: Intact, Slight, Moderate, Extensive, and Complete. For both the pre- and post-mainshock assessments, the additional risk caused by aftershock hazard is found to be higher for the older bridges (i.e., Era 11 and Era 22) and more severe conditioning damage states. A direct correlation between the bridge’s age and the increase in seismic risk due to aftershock hazard was also observed for the pre-mainshock assessment. It is suggested that the proposed methodology be used to make informed decisions regarding the appropriateness and timing of bridge closures (partial and complete) following a seismic event while considering aftershock hazard.
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Jackson, Samuel, Christina Saltus, Molly Reif, and Glenn Suir. During Nearshore Event Vegetation Gradation (DUNEVEG) : geospatial tools for automating remote vegetation extraction. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47649.
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Monitoring and modeling of coastal vegetation and ecosystems are major challenges, especially when considering environmental response to hazards, disturbances, and management activities. Remote sensing applications can provide alternatives and complementary approaches to the often costly and laborious field-based collection methods traditionally used for coastal ecosystem monitoring. New and improved sensors and data analysis techniques have become available, making remote sensing applications attractive for evaluation and potential use in monitoring coastal vegetation properties and ecosystem conditions and changes. This study involves the extraction of vegetation metrics from airborne lidar and hyperspectral imagery (HSI) collected by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) National Coastal Mapping Program (NCMP) to quantify coastal dune vegetation characteristics. A custom geoprocessing toolbox and associated suite of tools were developed to allow inputs of common NCMP lidar and imagery products to help automate the workflow for extracting prioritized dune vegetation metrics in an efficient and repeatable way. This study advances existing coastal ecosystem knowledge and remote sensing techniques by developing new methodologies to classify, quantify, and estimate critical coastal vegetation metrics which will ultimately improve future estimates and predictions of nearshore dynamics and impacts from disturbance events.
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Tel-Zur, Neomi, and Jeffrey J. Doyle. Role of Polyploidy in Vine Cacti Speciation and Crop Domestication. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697110.bard.
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1. Abstract: Over the past 25 years, vine cacti of the genera Hylocereus and Selenicereus have been introduced into Israel and southern California as new exotic fruit crops. The importance of these crops lies in their high water use efficiency and horticultural potential as exotic fruit crops. Our collaboration focused on the cytological, molecular and evolutionary aspects of vine cacti polyploidization to confront the agricultural challenge of genetic improvement, ultimately to improve success of vine cacti as commercial fruit crop plants. More specifically, we worked on the: 1- Identification of the putative ancestor(s) of the tetraploid H. megalanthus; 2- Determination of the number of origins of H. megalanthus (single vs. multiple origins of polyploidy); 3- Cytogenetic analysis of BC1 and F1 hybrids; 4- Determination of important agricultural traits and the selection of superior hybrids for cultivation. The plant material used in this study comprised interspecific Hylocereus F1 and first backcross (BC1) hybrids, nine Hylocereus species (58 genotypes), nine Selenicereus species (14 genotypes), and four Epiphyllum genotypes. Two BC1 hexaploids (BC-023 and BC-031) were obtained, a high ploidy level that can be explained only by a fertilization event between one unreduced female gamete from the triploid hybrid and a balanced gamete from the pollen donor, the diploid H. monacanthus. These findings are scientific evidence that support the possibility that “hybridization followed by chromosome doubling” could also occur in nature. Cytomixis, the migration of chromatin between adjacent cells through connecting cytoplasmatic channels, was observed in vine cacti hybrids and may thus imply selective DNA elimination in response to the allopolyploidization process. Evidence from plastid and nrDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequences support the placement of H. megalanthus within a monophyletic Hylocereus group. Furthermore, both plastid and ITS datasets are most consistent with a conclusion that this tetraploid species is an autopolyploid, despite observations that the species appears to be morphologically intermediate between Hylocereus and Selenicereus. Although the possibility of very narrow allopolyploidly (i.e., derivation from parents that are barely diverged from each other such as closely related species in the same genus) cannot be ruled out entirely based on our data (in part due to the unavailability of Hylocereus species considered to be morphologically the closest relatives of H. megalanthus), the possibility of H. megalanthus representing an intergeneric cross (i.e., Hylocereus × Selenicereus) seems extremely unlikely. Interestingly, the process of homogenization of ITS sequences (concerted evolution) is either incomplete or lacking in both Hylocereus and Selenicereus, and the inclusion of several artificial hybrids in the molecular study revealed the potential for biparental plastid inheritance in Hylocereus. The most important agricultural implication of this research project was the information collected for F1 and BC1 hybrids. Specifically, this project concluded with the selection of four superior hybrids in terms of fruit quality and potential yields under extreme high temperatures. These selected hybrids are self-compatible, avoiding the need for hand cross pollination to set fruits, thus reducing manpower costs. We recently offered these hybrids to growers in Israel for prioritized rapid evaluation and characterization.
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Treadwell, Jonathan R., James T. Reston, Benjamin Rouse, Joann Fontanarosa, Neha Patel, and Nikhil K. Mull. Automated-Entry Patient-Generated Health Data for Chronic Conditions: The Evidence on Health Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb38.
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Background. Automated-entry consumer devices that collect and transmit patient-generated health data (PGHD) are being evaluated as potential tools to aid in the management of chronic diseases. The need exists to evaluate the evidence regarding consumer PGHD technologies, particularly for devices that have not gone through Food and Drug Administration evaluation. Purpose. To summarize the research related to automated-entry consumer health technologies that provide PGHD for the prevention or management of 11 chronic diseases. Methods. The project scope was determined through discussions with Key Informants. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (via EMBASE.com), In-Process MEDLINE and PubMed unique content (via PubMed.gov), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews or controlled trials. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov for ongoing studies. We assessed risk of bias and extracted data on health outcomes, surrogate outcomes, usability, sustainability, cost-effectiveness outcomes (quantifying the tradeoffs between health effects and cost), process outcomes, and other characteristics related to PGHD technologies. For isolated effects on health outcomes, we classified the results in one of four categories: (1) likely no effect, (2) unclear, (3) possible positive effect, or (4) likely positive effect. When we categorized the data as “unclear” based solely on health outcomes, we then examined and classified surrogate outcomes for that particular clinical condition. Findings. We identified 114 unique studies that met inclusion criteria. The largest number of studies addressed patients with hypertension (51 studies) and obesity (43 studies). Eighty-four trials used a single PGHD device, 23 used 2 PGHD devices, and the other 7 used 3 or more PGHD devices. Pedometers, blood pressure (BP) monitors, and scales were commonly used in the same studies. Overall, we found a “possible positive effect” of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for coronary artery disease, heart failure, and asthma. For obesity, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (body mass index/weight) as likely no effect. For hypertension, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (systolic BP/diastolic BP) as possible positive effect. For cardiac arrhythmias or conduction abnormalities we rated the health outcomes as unclear and the surrogate outcome (time to arrhythmia detection) as likely positive effect. The findings were “unclear” regarding PGHD interventions for diabetes prevention, sleep apnea, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Most studies did not report harms related to PGHD interventions; the relatively few harms reported were minor and transient, with event rates usually comparable to harms in the control groups. Few studies reported cost-effectiveness analyses, and only for PGHD interventions for hypertension, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; the findings were variable across different chronic conditions and devices. Patient adherence to PGHD interventions was highly variable across studies, but patient acceptance/satisfaction and usability was generally fair to good. However, device engineers independently evaluated consumer wearable and handheld BP monitors and considered the user experience to be poor, while their assessment of smartphone-based electrocardiogram monitors found the user experience to be good. Student volunteers involved in device usability testing of the Weight Watchers Online app found it well-designed and relatively easy to use. Implications. Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated some PGHD technologies (e.g., pedometers, scales, BP monitors), particularly for obesity and hypertension, but health outcomes were generally underreported. We found evidence suggesting a possible positive effect of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for four chronic conditions. Lack of reporting of health outcomes and insufficient statistical power to assess these outcomes were the main reasons for “unclear” ratings. The majority of studies on PGHD technologies still focus on non-health-related outcomes. Future RCTs should focus on measurement of health outcomes. Furthermore, future RCTs should be designed to isolate the effect of the PGHD intervention from other components in a multicomponent intervention.
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Stakes, Keith, and Joseph Willi. Study of the Fire Service Training Environment: Safety, Fidelity, and Exposure -- Acquired Structures. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/ceci9490.
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Previous FSRI led research projects have focused on examining the fire environment with regards to current building construction methods, synthetic fuel loading, and best-practices in firefighting strategies and tactics. More than 50 experiments have been previously conducted utilizing furniture to produce vent-limited fire conditions, replicating the residential fire environment, and studying the methods of horizontal ventilation, vertical ventilation, and positive pressure attack. Tactical considerations generated from the research are intended to provide fire departments with information to evaluate their standard operating procedures and make improvements, if necessary, to increase the safety and effectiveness of firefighting crews. Unfortunately, there still exists a long standing disconnect between live-fire training and the fireground as evident by continued line of duty injury and death investigations that point directly to a lack of realistic yet safe training, which highlights a continued misunderstanding of fire dynamics within structures. The main objective of the Study of the Fire Service Training Environment: Safety, Fidelity, and Exposure is to evaluate training methods and fuel packages in several different structures commonly used across the fire service to provide and highlight considerations to increase both safety and fidelity. This report is focused on the evaluation of live-fire training in acquired structures. A full scale structure was constructed using a similar floor plan as in the research projects for horizontal ventilation, vertical ventilation, and positive pressure attack to provide a comparison between the modern fire environment and the training ground. The structure was instrumented which allowed for the quantification of fire behavior, the impact of various ventilation tactics, and provided the ability to directly compare these experiments with the previous research. Twelve full scale fire experiments were conducted within the test structure using two common training fuel packages: 1) pallets, and 2) pallets and oriented strand board (OSB). To compare the training fuels to modern furnishings, the experiments conducted were designed to replicate both fire and ventilation location as well as event timing to the previous research. Horizontal ventilation, vertical ventilation, and positive pressure attack methods were tested, examining the proximity of the vent location to the fire (near vs. far). Each ventilation configuration in this series was tested twice with one of the two training fuel loads. The quantification of the differences between modern furnishings and wood-based training fuel loads and the impact of different ventilation tactics is documented through a detailed comparison to the tactical fireground considerations from the previous research studies. The experiments were compared to identify how the type of fuel used in acquired structures impacts the safety and fidelity of live-fire training. The comparisons in this report characterized initial fire growth, the propensity for the fire to become ventilation limited, the fires response to ventilation, and peak thermal exposure to students and instructors. Comparisons examined components of both functional and physical fidelity. Video footage was used to assess the visual cues, a component of the fire environment that is often difficult to replicate in training due to fuel load restrictions. The thermal environment within the structure was compared between fuel packages with regards to the potential tenability for both students and instructors.
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Shapovalova, Daria, Tavis Potts, John Bone, and Keith Bender. Measuring Just Transition : Indicators and scenarios for a Just Transition in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire. University of Aberdeen, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57064/2164/22364.
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The North East of Scotland is at the forefront of the global energy transition. With the transformation of the UK’s energy sector over coming decades, the lives of communities and workers in the North East will be directly affected as we collectively transition to a Net Zero economy. A Just Transition refers to a fair distribution of the burdens and benefits as society and the economy shifts to a sustainable low-carbon economy. It calls for action on providing decent green jobs, building community wealth, and embedding participation. While it is a well-established concept in the academic literature and in policy there is a notable lack of approaches and data on measuring progress towards a Just Transition. In Scotland, with Just Transition planning underway, there are calls for clarity by the Scottish Parliament, Just Transition Commission, and many stakeholders on how to evaluate progress in a place-based context. The project ‘Just Transition for Workers and Communities in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire’ brought together an interdisciplinary team from the University of Aberdeen Just Transition Lab to identify and collate the relevant evidence, and engage with a range of local stakeholders to develop regional Just Transition indicators. Previous work on this project produced a Rapid Evidence Assessment on how the oil and gas industry has shaped our region and what efforts and visions have emerged for a Just Transition. Based on the findings and a stakeholder knowledge-exchange event, we have developed a set of proposed indicators, supported by data and/or narrative, for a transition in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire across four themes: 1) Employment and skills, 2) Equality and wellbeing, 3) Democratic participation, and 4) Community empowerment, revitalisation and Net Zero. Some of the indicators are compiled from national/local data sets, including data on jobs and skills, fuel poverty or greenhouse gas emissions. Other indicators require further data collection and elaboration, but nevertheless represent important aspects of Just Transition in the region. These include workers’ rights protection, community ownership, participation and empowerment. We propose four narrative scenarios as springboards for further dialogue, policy development, investment and participation on Just Transition in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire. Indicators, as proxies for evaluating progress, can be used as decision support tools, a means of informing policy, and supporting stakeholder dialogue and action as we collectively progress a Just Transition in the North East. There are no shortcuts on a way to a Just Transition. Progress towards achieving it will require a clear articulation of vision and objectives, co-developed with all stakeholders around the table. It will require collaboration, trust, difficult conversations, and compromise as we develop a collective vision for the region. Finally, it will require strong political will, substantive policy and legal reform, public and private investment, and building of social licence as we collectively build a Net Zero future in the North East.
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Steele, Dale W., Gaelen P. Adam, Ian J. Saldanha, Ghid Kanaan, Michael L. Zahradnik, Valery A. Danilack, Alison M. Stuebe, Alex Friedman Peahl, Kenneth K. Chen, and Ethan M. Balk. Management of Postpartum Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer263.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are increasingly common and have important implications for maternal health, healthcare utilization, and health disparities. There is limited evidence to support best management of postpartum individuals with HDP, including home blood pressure (BP) monitoring (HBPM) and choice of antihypertensive agents. For patients experiencing preeclampsia with severe features, there is robust evidence supporting delivery of the infant and treatment with magnesium sulfate (MgSO4). However, MgSO4 may cause unpleasant side effects and, less commonly, toxicity. Patients receiving MgSO4 require additional monitoring (e.g., urinary catheterization) and often have activity restrictions, which impact their postpartum experience. Evidence regarding the optimal (lowest effective) dose and (shortest effective) duration of MgSO4 treatment is needed. Methods. We searched Medline®, Cochrane, Embase®, CINAHL®, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to December 1, 2022. After double screening, we extracted study data and risk of bias assessments into the Systematic Review Data Repository Plus (SRDR+; https://srdrplus.ahrq.gov). We evaluated the strength of evidence (SoE) using standard methods. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42022313075). Results. We found 13 eligible studies (3 randomized controlled trials [RCTs], 2 nonrandomized comparative studies [NRCSs], 8 single-arm studies) evaluating postpartum HBPM, 17 RCTs evaluating pharmacological treatment of postpartum HDP, and 43 studies (41 RCTs and 2 NRCSs) that compared alternative MgSO4 regimens. HBPM programs probably increase submission of any BP measurements during recommended time intervals (moderate SoE) and may increase the number of BP measurements obtained overall (low SoE). Studies have not found that HBPM affects the rate of BP treatment initiation (low SoE), but HBPM may reduce unplanned hypertension-related hospital admissions (low SoE). Most patients were satisfied with management related to HBPM (low SoE), and HBPM probably compensates for racial disparities in office-based follow-up (moderate SoE). In patients with preeclampsia or gestational hypertension (HTN), oral furosemide may shorten the duration of postpartum hypertension (low SoE). There was insufficient evidence regarding the comparative benefits and harms of other antihypertensive medications. Compared with 24-hour treatments, shorter duration MgSO4 regimens shorten the urinary catheterization time (high SoE), time to ambulation (high SoE), and time to breastfeeding (moderate SoE); and may shorten time from delivery to contact with the infant and decrease toxicity as manifested by lost deep tendon reflexes (both low SoE). Loading dose only regimens increase the risk of a recurrent seizure in patients with eclampsia (moderate SoE). Lower dose MgSO4 regimens, compared to standard dose regimens, reduce early signs of magnesium toxicity (high SoE), may approximately double the risk of recurrent seizure in patients with eclampsia (low SoE), but may not affect 5-minute Apgar scores in infants of patients with preeclampsia with severe features (low SoE). There is insufficient evidence regarding potential harms of concomitant use of nifedipine or other antihypertensive medications. Conclusion. HBPM probably improves ascertainment of BP, allowing early recognition of hypertension in postpartum patients, and probably compensates for racial disparities in office based follow-up. The evidence suggests furosemide may shorten the duration of postpartum HTN. However, further evidence is needed regarding the comparative benefits and harms of the antihypertensive medications used to treat postpartum HTN. Large pragmatic trials, augmented by analysis of real-world data, are needed to evaluate the effect of postpartum HBPM on clinical event outcomes (not only process outcomes) and on the comparative effectiveness of alternative antihypertensive treatments. Given that lower dose MgSO4 regimens reduce Mg toxicity, and shorter regimens decrease urinary catheterization time, time to ambulation, time to breastfeeding, and time from delivery to contact with the infant, evidence is needed to identify MgSO4 regimens with the lowest effective dose and shortest effective duration that minimize side effects and toxicity but still prevent seizures among patients with preeclampsia with severe features.
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CAPACITY EVALUATION OF EIGHT BOLT EXTENDED ENDPLATE MOMENT CONNECTIONS SUBJECTED TO COLUMN REMOVAL SCENARIO. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2021.17.3.6.
Full textAbstract:
The extended stiffened endplate (8ES) connection is broadly used in the seismic load-resisting parts of steel structures. This connection is prequalified based on the AISC 358 standard, especially for seismic regions. To study this connection’s behaviors, in the event of accidental loss of a column, the finite element model results were verified against the available experimental data. A parametric study using the finite element method was then carried out to investigate these numerical models’ maximum capacity and effective parameters' effect on their maximum capacity in a column loss scenario. This parametric analysis demonstrated that these connections fail at the large displacement due to the catenary action mode at the rib stiffener's vicinity. The carrying capacity, PEEQ, Von-Mises stress, middle column force-displacement, critical bolt axial load, and the beam axial load curves were discussed. Finally, using the Least Square Method (LSM), a formula is presented to determine the displacement at the maximum capacity of these connections. This formula can be used in this study's presented method to determine the maximum load capacity of the 8ES connections in a column loss scenario.