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Poston, Carol H. "Evelyn Underhill and the Virgin Mary." Anglican Theological Review 97, no. 1 (December 2015): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000332861509700106.
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Evelyn Underhill (1875–1941) was a guiding light in Anglican spirituality in the twentieth century, and her best-known works, Mysticism (1911) and Worship (1936) are still read and studied today. A prolific writer—theologian, poet, novelist—she is frequently anthologized. Her early life and writings—those undertaken before she became an actively-committed member of the Church of England in the 1920s—are, with the exception of Mysticism, less well-known. This article examines the early works that treat the Virgin Mary, and explain how that subject may have influenced the pacifism she later embraced. A feminist reading of those early works also suggests biographical links to her “care for souls,” or spiritual direction, and to her own family. The dutiful child of somewhat remote and distant parents, herself in a childless marriage, Underhill's spiritual nurture by way of Mary helps explain both her spiritual growth and her role as a spiritual director to others.
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Rodemann, Martin, Verena Dreschmann, Evelyn Dörner, Dietrich von Schweinitz, Christian Vokuhl, and Torsten Pietsch. "Abstract 2492: Identification of RBMS1 in the amplified region 2q24 as a major driver of cellular growth in childhood hepatoblastoma." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 2492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2492.
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Abstract Hepatoblastoma represents the most common primary malignancy of the liver in childhood. Pathological activation of the WNT signaling pathway is characteristic for hepatoblastoma caused by mutations of CTNNB1 or other genes encoding components of the pathway. Genome-wide chromosomal analyses uncovered recurrent chromosomal alterations, in particular gain of chromosome 2q, and in some cases amplification of the region 2q24 that suggests the presence of a so far unidentified oncogene in this chromosomal region. The aim of this study was to identify and further characterize this oncogene. In the framework of the clinical hepatoblastoma study of the German Society for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, we had the opportunity to study samples of 76 hepatoblastoma patients. Using molecular inversion probe (MIP) array technology, genome-wide, high-resolution, quantitative chromosomal copy number profiles were generated and the smallest overlapping amplified region was identified. RNA and protein expression in normal and diseased tissues as well as ascribed functions of the genes located in this area were evaluated in silico in available databases. RNA expression levels of these genes were analyzed by Nanostring method and Affymetrix arrays and compared between 2q24-amplified tumors versus non-amplified tumors and normal liver tissue. The most promising candidate gene regarding its expression pattern and described function was selected for further analysis. Its protein expression was studied in situ by immunohistochemistry in hepatoblastoma tissue microarrays. The biological function was analyzed in vitro by targeted siRNA-mediated knockdown experiments in 3 hepatoblastoma cell lines (HepT1, HepG2, HuH6) und subsequent cell growth assays (MTT) and WNT signaling pathway specific luciferase reporter assays. Gain of chromosome 2q was present in 44.7% of the cases. Amplification of the 2q24.2-24.3 region was detected in 11.8%. In the smallest overlapping amplified region of 5.6 Mbp, we could accurately map 20 protein coding genes, three genes encoding long noncoding RNAs and one gene encoding a micro-RNA. The RBMS1 gene encoding a single-stranded DNA/RNA binding protein showed significant RNA overexpression in 2q24 amplified tumors. This overexpression was validated by immunohistochemical studies at the protein level. RBMS1 knockdown by specific siRNA transfection resulted in a significantly reduced proliferation of hepatoblastoma cells. RBMS1 knockdown also resulted in a marked reduction of the WNT pathway activity in these cells. We identified RBMS1 located within the amplicon on chromosome 2q24 as a potential oncogenic driver in hepatoblastoma. Initial data suggest that RBMS1 may exert this function by interaction with the WNT signaling pathway that is pathologically activated in hepatoblastoma. Citation Format: Martin Rodemann, Verena Dreschmann, Evelyn Dörner, Dietrich von Schweinitz, Christian Vokuhl, Torsten Pietsch. Identification of RBMS1 in the amplified region 2q24 as a major driver of cellular growth in childhood hepatoblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2492.
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Sangthongpitag, Kanda, Walter Stunkel, Zahid Q. Bonday, Kee C. Goh, Xukun Wang, Xiaofeng Wu, Changyong Hu, et al. "SB939: A Potent and Orally Active HDAC Inhibitor for the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 1603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.1603.1603.
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Abstract Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are emerging new molecular targets for cancer therapy. Small-molecule HDAC inhibitors have been developed and shown to induce tumor cell cytostasis, differentiation and apoptosis in experimental models and efficacy in clinical trials in various hematological malignancies following intravenous and/or oral administration. SB939 is a novel HDAC inhibitor with improved metabolic, pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties compared to other HDAC inhibitors currently in clinical trials1. The objective of this study was to characterize the anti-tumor efficacy of SB939 in preclinical models of hematological malignancies. SB939 selectively inhibits HDAC class I and II isozymes, with Ki values ranging from 16 to 247 nM. It inhibited the proliferation of cell lines from various haematological malignancies, including leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma with IC50 values ranging from 80 nM to 200 nM. It induced cell cycle arrest leading to apoptotic cell death in tumor cell lines as well as primary cells isolated from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). SB939 has excellent pharmacokinetic properties and tolerability after oral administration in mice1. The oral anti-tumor efficacy of SB939 was evaluated in models of AML (MV4-11) and lymphoma (Ramos) with the tumors grown subcutaneously in nude mice. After daily oral treatment at 50mg/kg (21 days for MV4-11; 14 days for Ramos), SB939 significantly reduced tumor growth in both models (%TGI values were 116% and 100% respectively in MV4-11 and Ramos). In the MV4-11 model, SB939 induced complete tumor regression, in 6/10 mice. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that SB939 is a potent, orally active anti-tumor drug with potential for the treatment of various types of hematological malignancies. 1Kanda Sangthongpitag, Haishang Wang, Pauline Yeo, Liu Xin, Evelyn Goh, Lee Sun New, Peizi Zeng, Xiaofeng Wu, Changyong Hu, Tony Ng and Kantharaj Ethirajulu. ADME attributes of SB939, a best-in-class HDAC Inhibitor, and its PK/PD correlation in the Pharmacological Species. EORTC-NCI-AACR Symposium on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics Prague Congress Centre, 2006, Nov 7–10; Prague, Czech Republic, Abstract number 166
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Garcia, Pablo D., Catherine E. Gleason, Miles Membreno, Frances Hamkins-Indik, Gavin Situ, Bernard Levin, Evelyn W. Wang, et al. "Abstract 5379: Macrocycles inhibiting RxL-mediated binding of substrates to Cyclin A are synthetic lethal in Rb mutated small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC)." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 5379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-5379.
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Abstract Inhibition of substrate binding to Cyclin A has been postulated to be synthetically lethal in retinoblastoma (Rb) mutated cancers (Chen et al 1999). While compounds that target the cyclin-associated kinases are approved for clinical use, attempts to target the protein-protein interactions between cyclins and their substrates, such as E2F, have so far been unsuccessful. Using structure-guided design we have developed cell-permeable macrocycle compounds that selectively inhibit the RxL-mediated binding of substrates to Cyclin A. We used NCI-H1048, an Rb-/- SCLC cell line, to study the effects of these Cyclin A targeting macrocyclic compounds on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation. Proliferation of H1048 cells was inhibited ~90% at 100nM of compound A whereas no inhibition was observed at up to 10 uM in WI-38 cells, a human non tumor lung fibroblast cell line, or with an inactive isomer of compound A in NCI-H1048 cells. Cyclin A inhibition in H1048 cells resulted in accumulation of cells at G2/M, an increased proportion of cells with 4C DNA content by FACS, hyperphosphorylation of RPA and upregulation of both phosphorylated histone H3 (pHH3) and phosphorylated FOXM1 (pFOXM1). Substantial apoptosis (10 to 20-fold) measured using caspase 3/7 activity was induced after just 4 hours incubation of H1048 cells with Cyclin A inhibitors. In vivo efficacy studies in a murine H1048 xenograft model showed reduction in tumor growth. We analyzed sensitivity to these compounds in tumor cell lines representing multiple indications and observed inhibition of cell proliferation at 1 uM or below in 6 out of 10 SCLC cell lines, where all of the responding cell lines were Rb dysfunctional. Sensitivity to these compounds in a larger panel of SCLC and other cancer cell lines is currently under investigation to further evaluate the broader utility of cyclin inhibition. Macrocycle inhibitors that inhibit Cyclin A RxL-mediated substrate binding have demonstrated G2/M accumulation and apoptosis in Rb -/- SCLC in vitro consistent with synthetic lethality, and anti-proliferative effects in vitro and in vivo. Inhibiting cyclins is mechanistically distinct from strategies that inhibit cell cycle kinases, and is expected to be clinically useful, hence the compound series is being optimized for clinical development. Citation Format: Pablo D. Garcia, Catherine E. Gleason, Miles Membreno, Frances Hamkins-Indik, Gavin Situ, Bernard Levin, Evelyn W. Wang, Siegfried Leung, Breena Fraga, Andrew Bockus, James Aggen, David Spellmeyer, David J. Earp, Rajinder Singh. Macrocycles inhibiting RxL-mediated binding of substrates to Cyclin A are synthetic lethal in Rb mutated small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5379.
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Zhang, L. C., J. F. Yang, C. L. Li, Y. X. Gao, X. P. Wang, and Q. F. Fang. "Intragranular growth and evenly distribution mechanism of Li metal in Li7La3Zr2O12 electrolyte." Journal of Power Sources 449 (February 2020): 227610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227610.
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Génova, M. "Extreme pointer years in tree-ring records of Central Spain as evidence of climatic events and the eruption of the Huaynaputina Volcano (Peru, 1600 AD)." Climate of the Past 8, no. 2 (April 13, 2012): 751–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-751-2012.
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Abstract. The study of pointer years of numerous tree-ring chronologies of the central Iberian Peninsula (Sierra de Guadarrama) could provide complementary information about climate variability over the last 405 yr. In total, 64 pointer years have been identified: 30 negative (representing minimum growths) and 34 positive (representing maximum growths), the most significant of these being 1601, 1963 and 1996 for the negative ones, and 1734 and 1737 for the positive ones. Given that summer precipitation was found to be the most limiting factor for the growth of Pinus in the Sierra de Guadarrama in the second half of the 20th century, it is also an explanatory factor in almost 50% of the extreme growths. Furthermore, these pointer years and intervals are not evenly distributed throughout time. Both in the first half of the 17th and in the second half of 20th, they were more frequent and more extreme and these periods are the most notable for the frequency of negative pointer years in Central Spain. The interval 1600–1602 is of special significance, being one of the most unfavourable for tree growth in the centre of Spain, with 1601 representing the minimum index in the regional chronology. We infer that this special minimum annual increase was the effect of the eruption of Huaynaputina, which occurred in Peru at the beginning of 1600 AD. This is the first time that the effects of this eruption in the tree-ring records of Southern Europe have been demonstrated.
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Li, Mengting, Bing Sun, Zhimin Ao, Taicheng An, and Guoxiu Wang. "Atomic-scale identification of influencing factors of sodium dendrite growth on different current collectors." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 20 (2020): 10199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta01853h.
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In the process of Na ion plating on SWCNTs and Cu/Al current collector surfaces, SWCNTs exhibit the highest electron transfer ability and the most stable electron configuration, inducing the instability of the Na dimer, but favour the presence of evenly distributed Na adatoms.
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Cabrera, Raul I., and Pedro Perdomo. "Fertilizer Placement Effects on Growing Medium Nutrient Distribution and Root Growth of Roses." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 515e—515. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.515e.
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The effect of localized controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) topdressing applications on medium nutrient distribution and root growth was evaluated in containerized roses (20-L pots with peat-based medium). Small samplers were used to monitor the soil solution nutrient status in four vertically oriented quadrants of the medium profile. Average electrical conductivity (EC) and nitrogen concentrations ([N]) found in quadrants beneath the localized CRF supplies were significantly higher (from 1.6 up to 5.8 times) than in the rest of the quadrants. Nutrient distribution patterns in pots receiving evenly distributed CRF applications were affected by the placement of irrigation spray-stakes, with higher EC and [N] in quadrants receiving the least water. After a 12 week experimental period no significant differences in average new root mass and length densities were observed for pots receiving either localized or evenly distributed CRF applications. Reductions in root growth parameters were, however, observed in those quadrants farther away from the irrigation spray-stakes. Results from pots irrigated with a Hoagland nutrient solution applied with either a 360-degree spray-stakes or localized drippers showed a more prominent effect of water and nutrient localization on root growth.
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Mutallapov, T. Z. "ASSESSMENT OF PINE CROPS GROWTH IN BAIMAK FORESTRY." RUSSIAN ELECTRONIC SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL 37, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31563/2308-9644-2020-37-3-83-90.
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The article presents the results of evaluating the growth of Scots pine in the Baymak forest area. The analysis of forestry and taxation indicators of Scots pine crops on the studied sample areas is carried out, and a comparative assessment of the growth of forest crops growing in different types of forest is given. Increased competition in plantings leads to the natural decline of stunted trees, which is the result of differentiation in the stand. As a result, its structure changes, the number of large trees increases, and, accordingly, the stability of the forest ecosystem increases. In this regard, the appearance of the tree distribution curve by thickness levels also changes. It becomes more "flat", and its competitive load is more evenly distributed over the entire structure of the stand, and competition is weakened.
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Piranti, Agatha Sih, Diana Retna Utarini Suci Rahayu, and Gentur Waluyo. "Nutrient Limiting Factor for Enabling Algae Growth of Rawapening Lake, Indonesia." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 10, no. 1 (April 2, 2018): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i1.12500.
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Two important issues for establishment of nutrient criteria are identifying which nutrient limits algal growth and determining the concentration of that nutrient enabling nuisance growths. The purposes of this research were: 1) to examine the nutrient (TN, TP, ratio of TN/TP) dynamic in Rawapening Lake spatially and temporally, 2) to identify Nutrient Limiting of Algal Growth in Rawapening Lake, and 2) to determine the nutrient criteria for enabling algae growth in Rawapening Lake. The research was conducted using a survey method in 7 sites from February to August 2016. The result showed that spatially Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphor (TP) in the lake were not evenly distributed and temporally influenced by the inflow. The development of algae biomass in Rawapening Lake determined ratio of TN/TP. Nutrient criteria as follow: oligotrophic was 5.96 - 14.39, mesotrophic was 14.39 - 42.15, eutrophic 42.15 - 51.65, and hyper-eutrophic > 51.65. These criteria could be used in designing controlling eutrophication problem by arranging nutrient input from both external and internal sources in order to meet those limit. The benefits of research contributes to the development of environmental monitoring methods to assess the trophic status using more appropriate in accordance with the conditions of the tropics region. It also could be used for consideration in policy direction and orientation of land use in catchment areas in relation to water quality of the lake.
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Purba, Elvis, and Ayu Handayani Siregar. "Ketimpangan Distribusi Pendapatan Antarwilayah Di Provinsi Sumatera Utara Tahun 2001-2016." Visi Sosial Humaniora 1, no. 01 (June 20, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51622/vsh.v1i01.19.
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This paper decribes how the inequality of income distribution in the Province of North Sumatra Province is based on analysis interregional, namely the West Coast, Nias Islands, the Highlands, and the East Coast. The data analyzed is the Gini coefficient published by BPS North Sumatra Province from 2001 to 2016. Based on the distribution criteria of income from the Gini coefficient, there are three qualitative measures of inequality, viz: (1) relatively evenly distributed (very low inequality), (2) moderate inequality, (3) very high inequality. The results of data analysis show that: (1) there is no one regency or city whose income distribution is classified aa very high inequality, (2) all of regencies and cities in the highlands show a very low inequality, (3) in general, the distribution of income in regencies and cities in the West Coast, Nias Islands and the East Coast is relatively evenly distributed, (4) there is no clear pattern or fully unidirectional correlation between high economic growth rates and an increasingly unequal distribution of income in each regency or city. Very low inequality can also occur in regencies or cities whose economic growth rate are higher than the provincial economic growth rate. Vice versa, there are regencies or cities that have economic growth rates are lower than the provinces but instead show a moderate inequality.
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HEATON, C. J. "Optimal growth of the Batchelor vortex viscous modes." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 592 (November 14, 2007): 495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112007008634.
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We present calculations of optimal linear growth in the Batchelor (or q) vortex. The level of transient growth is used to quantify the effect of the viscous centre modes found at large Reynolds number and large swirl. The viscous modes compete with inviscid-type transients, which are seen to provide faster growth at short times. Following a smooth transition, the viscous modes emerge as dominant in a different regime at later times. A comparison is drawn with two-dimensional shear flows, such as boundary layers, in which weak instability modes (Tollmien–Schlichting waves) also compete with inviscid transients (streamwise streaks). We find the competition to be more evenly balanced in the Batchelor vortex, because the inviscid transients are damped faster in a swirling jet than a two-dimensional shear flow, so that despite their weak growth rates the viscous modes may be relevant in some situations.
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Kameswara, Byna, and Tia Adelia Suryani. "Regional Economic Growth and Air Transportation in Indonesia especially outside Java: a Backward Method in Multiple Regression Model." TATALOKA 23, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.23.2.190-200.
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In sustainable development, infrastructure has an important role, although infrastructure growth and investment have positive and negative impacts. Indonesia has a strategic program in the form of infrastructure improvement. However, due to the condition of Indonesia which is an archipelago, infrastructure development has only concentrated on Java, especially in Jakarta City. This resulted in a gap in infrastructure development outside of Java. This study identifies the relationship between infrastructure and the regional economy in Indonesia. Indonesia is an archipelagic country so that long-distance transportation, such as using airports, is an absolute necessity to support equitable economic activities and support sustainable development. The relationship between traffic on airports and regional economies is still debating and growing. Therefore, by looking at the characteristics of the archipelagic country, it is interesting to see the relationship between infrastructure and the regional economy in Indonesia. This research aims to provide an understanding of the effect of economic growth in airports and be able to be a stakeholder consideration to making policies about air transportation and regional economic growth evenly on island geography conditions such as Indonesia. The relationship between the two in this study is shown by looking at traffic in airports and 17 economic sectors of GRDP in six different regencies with similar characteristics. The model show the relationship in this study. This model built using a regression approach. The results of this model show the relationship between traffic in airports with regional economic sectors, especially outside the island of Java. The results of this study can be concluded that the effect is found between the economic sectors of the region on the existence of airports
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Manning, Ian, Gil Yong Chung, Edward Sanchez, Michael Dudley, Tuerxun Ailihumaer, Jian Qiu Guo, Ouloide Goue, and Balaji Raghothamachar. "Influence of Dopant Concentration on Dislocation Distributions in 150mm 4H SiC Wafers." Materials Science Forum 963 (July 2019): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.963.60.
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Shifts in the spatial distribution of threading dislocations in 150 mm 4H SiC wafers were examined as a response to intentional changes in both the flow of the nitrogen source gas used to control resistivity during bulk crystal growth, and the growth rate. The density of threading edge and screw dislocations was found to be more evenly distributed in wafers produced under a high-growth rate, low-resistivity process. This result corresponded to a flattening of the resistivity distribution, and a ~34% reduction in on-and off-facet resistivity differential. The effect was attributed to regularized 4H island coalescence due to modulation of step terrace width.
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Arabi, Khalafalla Ahmed Mohamed, Elwalied Nourelhuda Kunna, and Qassem Mazal Al-Suhaimi. "Did the Saudi Economic Growth distributed equally." Technium Social Sciences Journal 32 (June 9, 2022): 402–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v32i1.6488.
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Based on the four available household surveys from 1999 to 2018, this paper answers the main reach question: did Saudi economic growth spread evenly?. The aforementioned question was answered using the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model (NARDL) to account for the possibility of nonlinear effects of the explanatory variables on the dependent variable. The Gini coefficient is the dependent variable explained by real per capita income, squared real per capita income to examine the Kuznets inverted U shape hypothesis, and lastly the inflation rate. The results demonstrate that exogenous variables account for 99 percent of the variation in the dependent variable. The estimated coefficients are highly significant including the squared per capita implying the validity of the Kuznets hypothesis. The results have policy implications in that the economic growth path that began in the 1950s has had an impact on income and consumption magnitude in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, where economic policies such as free education and health services, exemption from income tax, Zakat distribution, and regulation of charity societies support the average Saudi family and reduce inequality. Jazan and Najran will need to put in even more effort to catch up to the other districts.
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Naz, Ayesha, Zubaria Andlib, and Azra Nasir. "Relationship among Globalization, Terrorism, and Economic Growth in Pakistan." NUST Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 8, no. 1 (July 4, 2022): 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.51732/njssh.v8i1.118.
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The current study investigates the interconnection of globalization, terrorism, and economic growth in Pakistan over the period of 1972 to 2019. ARDL co- integration bound test is used to establish the relationship among these variables. Limited empirical evidence is available on terrorism and globalization, particularly with reference to Pakistan. The empirical evidence confirms the long-run association among globalization, terrorism, and economic growth. Growth in per capita GDP increases terrorism because higher economic growth is not evenly distributed in Pakistan, while globalization reduces terrorist activities. Globalization, particularly political integration with rest of the world provides technical and financial assistance to overcome terrorism in Pakistan. Moreover, there is unidirectional causality from GDP growth to terrorism and bidirectional causality between globalization and terrorism. However, no evidence of causality is found between globalization and economic growth. This indicates that Pakistan is unable to get economic benefit from globalization because of its internal structural
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Morgenroth, Justin. "Root Growth Response of Platanus orientalis to Porous Pavements." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 37, no. 2 (March 1, 2011): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2011.007.
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An experiment was established to determine the effect of porous pavement on underlying root growth. An augmented factorial arrangementof pavement profile designs and pavement types was installed and fifty Platanus orientalis seedlings were evenly distributed to control plots or one of four treatments. Treated plots were characterized by either porous or impervious pavement pads measuring 2.3 m × 2.3 m, and underlain by either fine sandy loam or a gravel base and compacted subgrade, reflecting two pavement profile designs. Following two growing seasons, root abundance was categorized by diameter and depth. Results suggest root abundance is greater, especially at shallow soil depths, under pavements. Pavements designed with a compacted subgrade and gravel base only exacerbated shallow root growth, though they could decrease total root abundance. Finally, porous and impervious pavements affected root abundance and distribution in similar ways, dismissing the use of porous pavements to promote deeper rooting.
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Custer, J. S., Michael O. Thompson, D. J. Eaglesham, D. C. Jacobson, and J. M. Poate. "Epitaxial growth versus nucleation in amorphous Si doped with Cu and Ag." Journal of Materials Research 8, no. 4 (April 1993): 820–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1993.0820.
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The competition between solid phase epitaxy and random nucleation in amorphous Si implanted with Cu and Ag has been studied. At low metal concentrations, solid phase epitaxy proceeds with slight deviations from the intrinsic rate, with the impurity segregated and evenly distributed in the amorphous layer. At an impurity concentration of 0.12 at.%, rapid nucleation occurs, transforming the remaining layer into polycrystalline Si. The nucleation rate is ≥108 the intrinsic homogeneous rate. The effects of the metals on epitaxy scale with the amount of metal–Si interaction. Nucleation appears to occur when the metal impurities exceed their absolute solubility limit and begin to phase separate.
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Dalimunthe, Muhammad Bukhori, Bethlehem Efrata Sitanggang, and Fitri Yani Panggabean. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC GROWTH AND POVERTY IN INDONESIA." Journal of Social Sciences 5, no. 3 (October 2022): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/jss.utm.2022.5(3).03.
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Economic growth is one of the main parameters to evaluate a country’s development efficiency. The higher the economic growth, the more productive and advanced the country will be. On the other hand, economic growth is also a strategic step to reduce poverty, which has always been an urgent problem in various parts of the world. Therefore, economic growth is needed to prosper the community through equitable economic growth. The purpose of this paper is to analyze economic growth against poverty. Data analysis used the literature review method from articles sourced from the Science and Technology Index (SINTA). The analysis is based on the latest findings on economic growth and poverty in Indonesia over the last decade. Research findings reveal that the synthesis of economic growth impacts reducing poverty in Indonesia. Furthermore, suppose economic growth is evenly distributed at all levels of society. In that case, the role of government is fair, honest, and responsible. As a result, the competence of human resources increases, and job opportunities will be wide open to absorb workers, positively impacting poverty in Indonesia.
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Bruce, S. E., M. H. Ryan, J. A. Kirkegaard, and J. Pratley. "Improving the performance of canola in retained wheat stubble." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 11 (2006): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05394.
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Four field experiments investigated strategies to reduce the negative effects of surface-retained wheat stubble on the emergence, growth, and yield of canola. All experiments compared 3 stubble treatments: (1) no stubble (stubble removed or burnt); (2) stubble-spread (6 t/ha wheat stubble evenly distributed on the surface); and (3) stubble-inter-row (6 t/ha stubble distributed on the inter-rows only). Seedling emergence was reduced in the presence of evenly spread stubble compared with no stubble, and the emerged seedlings had longer hypocotyls, reduced leaf number, and reduced biomass. Reduced shoot growth was not associated with lower shoot N concentration. These early effects on shoot growth persisted at 3 of the 4 sites, resulting in average yield reductions of 26% (range 0–59%) in the stubble-spread treatments compared with no stubble. Restricting stubble to the inter-rows resulted in an initial reduction in seedling growth compared with no stubble, but this difference had diminished by flowering. The yield for the stubble inter-row treatment was similar to no stubble at 2 sites and intermediate between no stubble and stubble-spread at the other 2 sites, with an overall yield reduction of 5.3% compared with no stubble. The results indicate that the negative effects on canola performance of surface-retained wheat stubble can be largely eliminated by adopting sowing techniques that push wheat stubble away from the seeding row and onto the inter-row. This provides a viable option to stubble burning and maintains the benefits of stubble retention.
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Ifeakachukwu, NWOSA Philip. "Globalisation, Economic Growth and Income Inequality in Nigeria." Indian Journal of Human Development 14, no. 2 (August 2020): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973703020948484.
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This article examines the link between globalisation, economic growth and income inequality in Nigeria using annual secondary data over the period 1981–2018. Specifically, it attempts to examine the following questions: (a) What is the direction of causation among globalisation, economic growth and inequality? (b) What is the impact of globalisation and economic growth on inequality? (iii) Do trade globalisation and financial globalisation have differential impacts on inequality in Nigeria? The article used both vector error correction modelling (VECM) and auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) techniques. The VECM results show a unidirectional causality from inequality and globalisation to economic growth in the long run, whereas a unidirectional causation was observed from inequality to economic growth in the short run. The ARDL estimate shows that globalisation and economic growth are significant determinants of inequality in Nigeria. Furthermore, it is observed that trade and financial globalisation influenced income inequality differently. In the light of these findings, the article recommends that the foreign direct investment should be channelled towards empowering the poor, and the dividends of economic growth should be evenly distributed to reduce the income inequality gap.
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Nowak, Wioletta. "Inclusive growth in the fastest-growing Asian countries." Ekonomia 26, no. 3 (November 19, 2020): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2658-1310.26.3.6.
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The paper discusses the extent of inclusiveness of economic growth in the ten fastest-growing Asian countries between 2001 and 2019. It focuses on essential aspects of inclusiveness i.e. on poverty and inequality reduction and development of employment opportunities for poor people. The study is based on the data retrieved from the ILOSTAT and World Bank Database. In the twenty-first century, the fastest growing countries in Asia have significantly reduced poverty. However, the benefits of rapid economic growth in these countries have not been spread evenly. Income inequality has been steadily increasing in some Asian societies. Besides, economic growth in the fastest-growing countries in Asia has not been always accompanied by an increase in employment opportunities. Although unemployment is not a problem for the large part of the population in Asian countries, a lot of workers are still in extreme or moderate working poverty. Reasons behind the working poor in the fastest-growing Asian countries vary slightly from country to country but the most important are: jobless growth, high vulnerable employment in agriculture and a large part of the non-agricultural labour force working in the informal sector.
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Atance, Ignacio, María Teresa Martínez Jávega, Rogelio Pujol, and Julio Urruela. "La población rural en España: un enfoque a escala municipal." Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 10, no. 1 (October 12, 2011): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7201/earn.2010.01.03.
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Population in Spain has grown significantly during the last decade; however, population growth has not increased evenly across the country. High demographic growth rates in costal and urbaninfluenced rural areas can lead to errors when considering added rural population data. This research depicts Spanish rural population’s evolution using a municipal scale approach and analyzes classic demographic variables and their explanatory capacity on rural population’s evolution. Results show that rural depopulation is still increasing in wide areas of the country. Classical demographic variables have been tested significant although they are not deciding factors in explaining rural population’s evolution
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Liao, Sheng Xi, Peng Zhang, Kun Li, and Qing Feng Sun. "In Situ Growth of Hydrophobic TiO2 on Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz Wood Surface Using a Cosolvent-Controlled Hydrothermal Method." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 917–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.917.
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This paper examined the in situ growth of hydrophobic anatase TiO2 coating on wood surface using a cosolvent-controlled hydrothermal method. EDXA, FTIR and XRD analysis confirmed that the growth of TiO2 coating on wood surface was bonded to hydrocarbon chains. The relative contact angle of before and after treated wood sample was changed from 46.5o to 136.8o with the examination of contact angle analyzer, which induced a change of the untreated wood surface from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. As observed on SEM image, some slippery TiO2 spheres with about 300-600 nm in diameter evenly dispersed on treated wood surface.
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Ajar, Seno Budhi. "ANALYSIS OF INTER-REGENCY DEVELOPMENT INEQUALITY IN D.I YOGYAKARTA PROVINCE." GeoEco 5, no. 1 (February 15, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/ge.v5i1.27296.
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<span>Economic development essentially aims to improve society so that economic growth can be increased and evenly distributed. The problem is that the different growth rates between regions cause a hierarchy and scale of interaction between different regions. This study wants to show the extent to which development inequality follows the existence of a Decentralization system. To explain the spread of economic inequality, the research method used the analysis of the Wililiamson index, Location Quotion Analisis, the analysis of typology klassen. The results of the study, there are economic inequalities between regencies in the Special Province of Yogyakarta.</span>
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Dugalic, Nenad. "SPECIFIČNOSTI SAVREMENE SOCIJALNE STRUKTURE SA POSEBNIM AKCENTOM NA ZEMLjE BRIKS‐A U GLOBALNOJ EKONOMIJI." Forum 1, no. 1-2 (December 2019): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/forum19.067d.
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The process of economic and political globalization has a major impact on the integrity and sovereignty of national states. This pressure is felt most by developing countries and countries in transition. Also, social inequality is unavoidable for the countries members of BRICS, whose societies are already under the influence of negative activities of modern industrial development. Never before, has the economic activity produced so much material wealth in such a short period of time, and at the same time, it has degraded the natural environment to a large degree. Inequality in income between and within the states themselves is growing. It is reflected in the fact that less and less wealthy individuals have an increasing share of capital, while, on the other hand, there is a growing number of those who are below the poverty line. The working class is evenin a more difficult situation, taking into account ever worse working conditions and a reduction in salaries. All this led to the breakdown of the social component. However, in such social circumstances, the role of the state as a regulator of economic activities is crucial. The benefits of globalization have to be evenly distributed, and that is why institutions and policies are needed to prevent global imbalances of theworld development in the future. The more and more frequent demands for reducing the role of the state and its regulations have not been achieved. On the contrary, its activities have increased in many areas, with only a changed mode of operation. The emphasis is placed on economic growth and development, and less on the direct solution of social issues.
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Morgenroth, Justin, and Rien Visser. "Aboveground Growth Response of Platanus orientalis to Porous Pavements." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 37, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2011.001.
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Integrating healthy, mature trees into paved urban environments is a challenging task for urban foresters, as impervious pavements are associated with reduced tree growth and survival. It is thought that porous pavements may alleviate this problem due to their permeability to air and water. The authors of the following study tested whether porous pavements affect tree growth relative to impervious pavements by measuring aboveground growth in trees treated with an augmented factorial arrangement of pavement profile designs and pavement types. Fifty oriental plane (Platanus orientalis) seedlings were evenly distributed to control plots or one of four treatments. Treated plots were characterized either by porous or impervious pavement pads measuring 2.3 m × 2.3 m, that were underlain either by fine sandy loam or a gravel base and compacted subgrade, reflecting two pavement profile designs. Results show stem height, diameter, and biomass increased as a result of porous pavements. Greater growth proffered by porous pavements was negated by profile designs including a compacted subgrade and gravel base. Finally, impervious pavements did not negatively influence tree growth, relative to control trees.
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Pan, Yuanwang, Idse Heemskerk, Consuelo Ibar, Boris I. Shraiman, and Kenneth D. Irvine. "Differential growth triggers mechanical feedback that elevates Hippo signaling." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 45 (October 26, 2016): E6974—E6983. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1615012113.
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Mechanical stress can influence cell proliferation in vitro, but whether it makes a significant contribution to growth control in vivo, and how it is modulated and experienced by cells within developing tissues, has remained unclear. Here we report that differential growth reduces cytoskeletal tension along cell junctions within faster-growing cells. We propose a theoretical model to explain the observed reduction of tension within faster-growing clones, supporting it by computer simulations based on a generalized vertex model. This reduced tension modulates a biomechanical Hippo pathway, decreasing recruitment of Ajuba LIM protein and the Hippo pathway kinase Warts, and decreasing the activity of the growth-promoting transcription factor Yorkie. These observations provide a specific mechanism for a mechanical feedback that contributes to evenly distributed growth, and we show that genetically suppressing mechanical feedback alters patterns of cell proliferation in the developing Drosophila wing. By providing experimental support for the induction of mechanical stress by differential growth, and a molecular mechanism linking this stress to the regulation of growth in developing organs, our results confirm and extend the mechanical feedback hypothesis.
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Mitrani, E., Y. Gruenbaum, H. Shohat, and T. Ziv. "Fibroblast growth factor during mesoderm induction in the early chick embryo." Development 109, no. 2 (June 1, 1990): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.109.2.387.
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A chick genomic clone that reveals a high degree of homology to the mammalian and Xenopus bFGF gene has been isolated. The pattern of expression of bFGF has been examined during early chick embryogenesis. RNA blot analysis revealed that chick bFGF is already transcribed at pregastrula stages. Immunolabeling analysis indicated that bFGF protein is present at these early developmental stages and is distributed evenly in the epiblast, hypoblast and marginal zone of the chick blastula. Substances that can inhibit FGF action were applied to early chick blastoderms grown in vitro under defined culture conditions (DCM). Both heparin and suramin were capable of blocking the formation of mesodermal structures in a dose-dependent manner. Our results indicate that FGF-like substances may need to be present for axial structures to develop although they may be acting earlier during the induction of non-axial mesoderm.
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Rangel, André Luiz Reis, Guilherme Rogeri Moreira Santos, and Ana Paula Rosifini Alves Claro. "Nanotubes Growth on Ti-15Mo Alloys by Anodization at Low Voltage." Materials Science Forum 869 (August 2016): 924–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.869.924.
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Surface modification by nanotubes growth is an efficient technique to improve the interaction between implant and biological environment. Several studies indicate who low voltages anodizations are able to generate nanotubes with smaller diameters, positive characteristic for the post-implantation cell growth. The aim of this study was to characterize the morphology of the nanotubes formed on Ti-15Mo surfaces applying 5 or 10 V as anodizing voltage. For both conditions were used glycerol based electrolyte with ammonium fluoride and the anodization time was 24 hours. The samples were cleaned in an ultrasonic bath and annealed at 450 ° for 1 hour after anodization. In order to characterize the surfaces were performed scanning electron microscopy images, contact angle measurements and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results confirmed the formation of nanotubes evenly distributed on the surfaces and a direct relation between anodizing voltage and nanotubes diameters.
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Zhao, Zhen Wei, Xin Ying Teng, and Guo Rong Zhou. "Effect of Nd Addition on Microstructure of Mg-Zn-Nd Master Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 500 (April 2012): 646–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.500.646.
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Mg-Zn-Nd master alloys containing spherical quasicrystal phase were prepared under conventional casting conditions. The microstructures and phases of Mg-Zn-Nd ternary alloy have been investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results show that the microstructure of Mg-Zn-Nd master alloys has been changed significantly with the addition of Nd. When adding 5wt% Nd, it is clear that a lot of spherical I-phase with high roundness and size below 10μm distributed evenly in the matrix. With the increase of Nd, the number of spherical I-phases is reduced and rod-like phases increased. The growth process and the final growth morphology of quasicrystal phase are restricted by the element Nd, thus the growth rates of all quasicrystal growth surfaces tend to be consistent, which contributes to the formation of spherical quasicrystal phase.
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Hardy, Kristin M., Richard M. Dillaman, Bruce R. Locke, and Stephen T. Kinsey. "A skeletal muscle model of extreme hypertrophic growth reveals the influence of diffusion on cellular design." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 296, no. 6 (June 2009): R1855—R1867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00076.2009.
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Muscle fibers that power swimming in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus are <80 μm in diameter in juveniles but grow hypertrophically, exceeding 600 μm in adults. Therefore, intracellular diffusion distances become progressively greater as the animals grow and, in adults, vastly exceed those in most cells. This developmental trajectory makes C. sapidus an excellent model for characterization of the influence of diffusion on fiber structure. The anaerobic light fibers, which power burst swimming, undergo a prominent shift in organelle distribution with growth. Mitochondria, which require O2 and rely on the transport of small, rapidly diffusing metabolites, are evenly distributed throughout the small fibers of juveniles, but in the large fibers of adults they are located almost exclusively at the fiber periphery where O2 concentrations are high. Nuclei, which do not require O2, but rely on the transport of large, slow-moving macromolecules, have the inverse pattern: they are distributed peripherally in small fibers but are evenly distributed across the large fibers, thereby reducing diffusion path lengths for large macromolecules. The aerobic dark fibers, which power endurance swimming, have evolved an intricate network of cytoplasmically isolated, highly perfused subdivisions that create the short diffusion distances needed to meet the high aerobic ATP turnover demands of sustained contraction. However, fiber innervation patterns are the same in the dark and light fibers. Thus the dark fibers appear to have disparate functional units for metabolism (fiber subdivision) and contraction (entire fiber). Reaction-diffusion mathematical models demonstrate that diffusion would greatly constrain the rate of metabolic processes without these developmental changes in fiber structure.
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Lee, Jin Ah, Won Jun Lee, Joonwon Lim, and Sang Ouk Kim. "N-Dopant-Mediated Growth of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (July 22, 2021): 1882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11081882.
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Metal oxide nanoparticles supported on heteroatom-doped graphitic surfaces have been pursued for several decades for a wide spectrum of applications. Despite extensive research on functional metal oxide nanoparticle/doped carbon nanomaterial hybrids, the role of the heteroatom dopant in the hybridization process of doped carbon nanomaterials has been overlooked. Here, the direct growth of MnOx and RuOx nanoparticles in nitrogen (N)-doped sites of carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) is presented. The quaternary nitrogen (NQ) sites of CNTs actively participate in the nucleation and growth of the metal nanoparticles. The evenly distributed NQ nucleation sites mediate the generation of uniformly dispersed <10 nm diameter MnOx and RuOx nanoparticles, directly decorated on NCNT surfaces. The electrochemical performance of the resultant hybridized materials was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry. This novel hybridization method using the dopant-mediated nucleation and growth of metal oxides suggests ways that heteroatom dopants can be utilized to optimize the structure, interface and corresponding properties of graphitic carbon-based hybrid materials.
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Zhou, Yu, Pinpin Chen, Shuai Shi, Xiaowen Li, Deshi Shi, Zutao Zhou, Zili Li, and Yuncai Xiao. "Expression of Gallus Epidermal Growth Factor (gEGF) with Food-Grade Lactococcus lactis Expression System and Its Biological Effects on Broiler Chickens." Biomolecules 11, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11010103.
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As a multifunctional polypeptide, epidermal growth factor (EGF) increases growth performance or enhances resistance to diseases in commercial broilers under adverse conditions. In this study, a recombinant Lactococcus lactis was established to produce the secretory form of bioactive gEGF. The results of in vitro testing showed that gEGF promoted the proliferation of chicken embryo fibroblast cells. A total of 63 5-day-old broiler chickens were evenly divided into three groups and treated with either M17 medium (the control group), supernatant of LL-pNZ8149 fermentation product (the P-LL group), or supernatant of LL-pNZ8149-gEGF fermentation product (the gEGF group). In two weeks, many measurements of growth, immunity and the intestines were significantly higher in the gEGF group than those in the control and the P-LL groups. Our study showed that the bioactive gEGF could be expressed with Lactococcus lactis expression system with the potential to enhance growth performance, immune function, and intestinal development in broiler chickens.
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García-González, Judith, Jozef Lacek, Wolfram Weckwerth, and Katarzyna Retzer. "Throttling Growth Speed: Evaluation of aux1-7 Root Growth Profile by Combining D-Root system and Root Penetration Assay." Plants 11, no. 5 (February 27, 2022): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11050650.
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Directional root growth control is crucial for plant fitness. The degree of root growth deviation depends on several factors, whereby exogenous growth conditions have a profound impact. The perception of mechanical impedance by wild-type roots results in the modulation of root growth traits, and it is known that gravitropic stimulus influences distinct root movement patterns in concert with mechanoadaptation. Mutants with reduced shootward auxin transport are described as being numb towards mechanostimulus and gravistimulus, whereby different growth conditions on agar-supplemented medium have a profound effect on how much directional root growth and root movement patterns differ between wild types and mutants. To reduce the impact of unilateral mechanostimulus on roots grown along agar-supplemented medium, we compared the root movement of Col-0 and auxin resistant 1-7 in a root penetration assay to test how both lines adjust the growth patterns of evenly mechanostimulated roots. We combined the assay with the D-root system to reduce light-induced growth deviation. Moreover, the impact of sucrose supplementation in the growth medium was investigated because exogenous sugar enhances root growth deviation in the vertical direction. Overall, we observed a more regular growth pattern for Col-0 but evaluated a higher level of skewing of aux1-7 compared to the wild type than known from published data. Finally, the tracking of the growth rate of the gravistimulated roots revealed that Col-0 has a throttling elongation rate during the bending process, but aux1-7 does not.
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Xie, M. H., S. M. Seutter, L. X. Zheng, S. H. Cheung, Y. F. Ng, Huasheng Wu, and S. Y. Tong. "Surface Morphology of GaN: Flat versus Vicinal Surfaces." MRS Internet Journal of Nitride Semiconductor Research 5, S1 (2000): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s1092578300004245.
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The surface morphology of GaN films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). A comparison is made between flat and vicinal surfaces. The wurtzite structure of GaN leads to special morphological features such as step pairing and triangularly shaped islands. Spiral mounds due to growth at screw threading dislocations are dominant on flat surfaces, whereas for vicinal GaN, the surfaces show no spiral mound but evenly spaced steps. This observation suggests an effective suppression of screw threading dislocations in the vicinal films. This finding is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. Continued growth of the vicinal surface leads to step bunching that is attributed to the effect of electromigration.
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Brunsdon, Eric Blake, Dylan John Fraser, William Rundle Ardren, and James William Angus Grant. "Dispersal and density-dependent growth of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) juveniles: clumped versus dispersed stocking." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 74, no. 9 (September 2017): 1337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0488.
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Dispersal from nesting sites and habitat selection are essential for the fitness of young individuals and shape the distribution, growth, and persistence of populations. These processes are important to consider when releasing young, hatchery-origin fishes into the wild to restore extirpated or depleted populations. By manipulating the density of released young-of-the-year (YOY) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), we evaluated the effects of clumped- (releasing all the fish at one location) and dispersed-stocking (releasing the fish evenly over a complete reach) treatments on juvenile habitat use, dispersal, growth, and survival. Across 14 river reaches, clump-stocked YOY density decreased and growth rate increased with distance downstream, whereas dispersed-stocked YOY densities and growth were relatively constant. Overall, density, spatial variance in density, growth, and survival did not differ between these two stocking treatments, likely due to the greater-than-expected mobility of fish in clumped-stocking reaches; YOY dispersed up to 1600 m, with 41% moving over 200 m downstream. As predicted from previous work, growth rate of individual fish was density-dependent, following a negative power curve. Our results provide insights into how the growth and survival of released individuals are altered via stocking treatments, ultimately shaping their distribution and growth rate.
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Bimantara, Aria Leo, Muhammad Sani Roychansyah, and Keiichi Ogawa. "The Characteristics of Density Distribution and Densification on Medium and Small Indonesian Municipalities." Built Environment Studies 3, no. 2 (January 3, 2023): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/best.v3i2.3541.
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While many studies on urban compactness measured built-up area (intensity), this study explored population density in forms of gradients. Also, medium and small cities (in this case, municipalities due to having autonomous economies), through inquiring their characteristics in common, could provide early insights for anticipating further growths. Density database was made, combined with cadastral data. Two kinds of urban growth pattern (i.e. concentric and linear) were comprehended to extract gradient patterns from the cities using three indices. Through assigning a time span (2010–2018), the densification rates were also derived. The results indicate that there was a transformation from linear to concentric pattern while populations increased, yet not rare to total sprawling. Besides, there were influences on the compactness states from how the cities are positioned among the others within their local clusters where, on one hand, being too close to large cities would promote sprawling in long term while, on the other hand, being surrounded evenly by other cities is likely advantageous. Nevertheless, the degree of these advantages was not prevailing fairly across the Indonesian regions. Given the complexity and multidisciplinary nature of urban form, these findings are considerable for further planning and studies.
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Suh, Ilhyun, and Yon Dohn Chung. "A Workload Assignment Strategy for Efficient ROLAP Data Cube Computation in Distributed Systems." International Journal of Data Warehousing and Mining 12, no. 3 (July 2016): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdwm.2016070104.
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Data cube plays a key role in the analysis of multidimensional data. Nowadays, the explosive growth of multidimensional data has made distributed solutions important for data cube computation. Among the architectures for distributed processing, the shared-nothing architecture is known to have the best scalability. However, frequent and massive network communication among the processors can be a performance bottleneck in shared-nothing distributed processing. Therefore, suppressing the amount of data transmission among the processors can be an effective strategy for improving overall performance. In addition, dividing the workload and distributing them evenly to the processors is important. In this paper, the authors present a distributed algorithm for data cube computation that can be adopted in shared-nothing systems. The proposed algorithm gains efficiency by adopting the workload assignment strategy that reduces the total network cost and allocates the workload evenly to each processor, simultaneously.
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Raworth, D. A., and S. J. Clements. "Plant Growth and Yield of Red Raspberry following Primocane Defoliation." HortScience 31, no. 6 (October 1996): 920–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.6.920.
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Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. cv. Willamette) primocanes were artificially defoliated to various degrees and at two dates in each of 2 years to simulate defoliation caused by the twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch). The effect on primocane diameter, lateral length, yield and four yield components was determined. When defoliation occurred evenly along the length of the primocanes, and all floricanes and excess primocanes were removed in early Aug. 1989, yield was reduced 26% at 25%, 50%, and 75% defoliation and 55% at 100% defoliation compared with nondefoliated controls. The number of canes per stool, number of fruit per lateral, and weight per fruit were reduced when defoliation occurred earlier, in August rather than September, but the number of laterals per cane increased with early defoliation. The effect of increasing defoliation on plant growth and yield was generally nonlinear. When defoliation occurred in sections along the lower 2 m of all primocanes, and all floricanes and excess primocanes were removed in Nov. 1992, no significant differences in yield or three yield components were detected. The effects of primocane defoliation are not necessarily predictable, so T. urticae should be controlled before mite-induced defoliation occurs.
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Tang, Junjie, Li Feng, Chunwei Zhang, Yuan Sun, Long Wang, Yizhou Zhou, Dawei Fang, and Yan Liu. "The Influences of Stirring on the Recrystallization of Ammonium Perrhenate." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020656.
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Ammonium perrhenate is widely used in alloy manufacturing, powder processing, the catalytic industry, and other fields. Recrystallization can improve the specific surface area of ammonium perrhenate, reduce its particle size, and improve its particle size distribution uniformity. Therefore, recrystallized ammonium perrhenate can obtain better application benefits in the above fields. Stirring is an important factor that affects the recrystallization of ammonium perrhenate, and this paper systematically analyzes the influence of the stirring paddle types and stirring intensities on ammonium perrhenate during the homogeneous recrystallization process, ultimately revealing the relationship between the growth rate of ammonium perrhenate and the stirring process. Particle image velocimetry physical simulation results showed that the flow field in the reactor was more evenly distributed when using the disc turbine impeller, and a relatively uniform velocity liquid flow area was formed in the whole reactor, while the low-velocity liquid flow area was smaller. Therefore, this information, combined with SEM test results, suggests that under the same recrystallization time and stirring intensity, the stirring effect of a disc turbine impeller is more suitable than a propelling propeller and an Intermig impeller for the recrystallization process of ammonium perrhenate. Moreover, the XRD patterns and SEM analysis showed that if the agglomeration in the systems was too strong or too weak, the growths of the (101) crystal plane and (112) crystal plane were restrained, which caused an attenuation in the growth rates along the crystallographic directions that were orthogonal to the crystal faces. Finally, the reduction experiments show that the recrystallization of ammonium perrhenate could improve the phase parameters of rhenium powders.
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Delmonte, A. A., F. Bedmar, J. D. Mantecón, H. Echeverría, and C. A. Barassi. "Persistence of the biocide activity of atrazine in soils of the southeast of Buenos Aires Province." Planta Daninha 14, no. 2 (1996): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83581996000200004.
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Atrazine persistence in soils of the southeast of Buenos Aires Province, was studied by an oat bioassay. Atrazine doses of 0.58, 1.16, and 2.32 mg.g-1 dry soil weight (DSW) were applied to pots containing soils from Balcaree, A. Gonzáles Chaves and San Cayetano sites, whose organic matter (OM) content of soils were 5.70, 5.15, and 3,84%, respectively. Avena sativa cv. Millauquén plants were grownth in the pots under greenhouse conditions at different times after atrazine application. Shoots were evenly cut above the soil and dry weight determined as a measure of plant growth. Plants grown in non-sprayed soil were used as controls. Relative dry weight (RDW) of shoots was calculated as percentage of control. Atrazine phytotoxicity was expressed in terms of 50 % plant growth reduction (GR50) in the soils under study. Herbicide persistence was expressed in terms of days after treatment (DAT) needed for the plant to achieve 80% of RDW. Atrazine GR50 values of 0.30, 0.64, and 0.90 mg.g-1 DSW in soils from San Cayetano, Balcare and A.G. Chaves, were respectively obtained at 42 DAT. Herbicide persistences at the recommended dose (1.16 mg.g-1) were 100, 143, and 221 DAT for A.G. Chaves, Balcarce and San Cayetano soils, respectively. San Cayetano soil had both the lowest OM content and cation exchange capacity (CEC), as well as the highest pH, of all the soil studied here. These results were consistent with both the lowest GR50 and the highest persistence abtained for atrazine in this soil.
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Akromov, U. K., K. B. Ismailkhodjaev, M. A. Yuldashov, and B. G. Kamilov. "The dependence of the growth of carp yearlings (cyprinus carpio) on the density of planting in cages in the conditions of the Karkidon reservoir of Uzbekistan." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1068, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1068/1/012038.
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Abstract The effect of stocking density on the growth of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in cages was studied. Common carp yearlings (22 g) from the pond hatchery were stocked at 30, 60, 90 ind./m3 (in triplicate). Fish were fed with “Huvalon siliao” aquafeed (Uzbekistan) (35% protein) with ratio 3% of the fish biomass per day. The growth rates of fish in different variants, both in absolute terms and in relative terms (growth rate, specific growth rate), were the same. Carp yearlings were brought from a pond fish nursery and planted evenly in cages. A week was allo-cated as a period of adaptation of fish to the conditions of cages, during this period they were fed at the rate of 3% of the fish biomass. At the beginning of the experiment (May 10) the fish were planted in 30, 60, 90 yearlings of carp in a cage (in triple repetition), the average individual weight of carp (w1, g) in each of the nine cages was 22 g.
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Fedorova, O. I., E. A. Orlova, and I. D. Antonova. "Growth dynamics of young mink of the albino-pastel breed in postnatal ontogeny." Veterinariya, Zootekhniya i Biotekhnologiya 1, no. 4 (2021): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202104008.
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Coloured minks are widespread – more than 200 colour variations in hair colour are known. Currently, breeding in fur farming continues. One of the most recent breeding achievements is the albino pastel mink. An important characteristic of the new breed is the body size and growth of the organism during the postnatal period, which does not occur evenly but goes through certain phases. In different periods of growth, the organism requires appropriate conditions, in the presence of which further development occurs. As a result of studies of mink growth from birth to adulthood, data necessary for the correct organization of measures for rearing and feeding the animals are accumulated. When analysing the growth dynamics of young animals, it has been established that sexual dimorphism in body weight of males and females of the albino-pastel genotype is absent at one day of age. The most intensive increase in body weight in female and male albino-pastel minks occurs from day 50 to day 80. The increase in body weight continues after 3–4 months of life, with males more intense than females.
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Judd, Laura K., and Douglas A. Cox. "RESPONSE OF NEW GUINEA IMPATIENS TO FERTILITY LEVEL IS AFFECTED BY APPLICATION FREQUENCY." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 688c—688. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.688c.
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New Guinea impatiens (Impatiens sp. hybrids) are particularly sensitive to growth medium soluble salts level during the first four to six weeks after potting. Results of this experiment show that this response is affected by the interaction of fertilizer rate and application frequency. Solutions containing 20N-4.3P-16.6K at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 g·liter-1 were applied to `Selenia' growing in 520 ml pots 4, 8, 12, or 16 times (evenly-spaced) during a 70 day experiment. A significant interaction occurred between fertilizer rate and application frequency. Shoot dry weight (DW) increased linearly with application frequency at 0.5 g·liter-1. Overall 16 applications of 0.5 g· liter-1 resulted in the most growth of all rate and frequency combinations. Maximum DW at 1.0 g·liter-1 was achieved with 12 applications and 8 applications resulted in the most DW with 1.5 and 2.0 g·liter-1. In treatments where growth was inhibited, growth medium EC exceeded 1.0 dS·m-1. EC did not exceed 0.4 dS·m-1 at any application frequency with 0.5 g·liter-1.
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Zarnovican, Richard. "Croissance en hauteur de l'épinette noire: région de Lebel-sur-Quévillon et de Dolbeau au Québec." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 1378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-183.
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Height growth of black spruce was studied from stem analysis in 72 circular plots of 0.1 ha located in the Lebel-sur-Quévillon and Dolbeau regions, province of Quebec. Tree age analysis showed that only 52 of these plots were evenly aged; therefore, only these were retained in the present study. Mean age determined at diameter at breast height was as variable as mean total age. The comparison of Plonski's and Vézina and Linteau's parameterized site-index curves suggested that Plonski's model is more suitable for asymptotic growth of black spruce. The comparison of parameterized average height curves from 52 plots with Plonski's curves indicated that black spruce height growth in these regions is not uniform; four different growing forms corresponding to temporal structures can be distinguished. These growing forms can have asymptotic or linear curves; these can coincide with or cut across the Plonski's site-class curves, according to the increase or decrease in height growth with age. Finally, the growing forms are also found by parameters of Korf's growth function, by height increments, and by ages at which height increment is highest.
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Pigawati, Bitta, Tia Adelia Suryani, and Ghiffari Barbarossa. "The Optimal Location for The Development of Agricultural Production Center Area of Rembang Regency." Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan 24, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jtsp.v24i1.34270.
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Abstract. Disproportionate regional spatial growth can encourage regional disparities between villages and cities and problems for the sustainability of regional development. Rembang Regency has growth characteristics that are concentrated at several points in its urban area. This pattern of growth creates a problem of regional disparity. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to add new regional growth centers. These new regional growth centers are expected to evenly distribute spatial growth. The center of regional growth in accordance with the characteristics of Rembang Regency is the center of agricultural production. This study aims to determine the optimal location for the development of the agricultural production centers as the center of regional growth. Using a spatial approach with remote sensing images as the main data. The analytical technique used is spectral transformation and multicriteria. The results showed that the most optimal locations for the development of agricultural production centers were Sale District (2,634.01 ha), Gunem District (2,198.95 ha) and Kragan District (2,171.72 ha). Sulang District is also a potential location for the development of agricultural production centers because the total area of the optimal location covers 8 – 10% of the total area of Rembang Regency. The findings of the study on the optimal location for the development of agricultural production centers are recommended as a strategic area for regional development to function as a growth center for Rembang Regency as an effort to overcome disproportionate spatial growth.
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Syarif, Abdul Mukti, Rahcmad Budi Suharto, Zamruddin Hasid, M. Saleh Mire, Jiuhardia Jiuhardia, and Made Setini. "Toward economic growth: Income distribution in the era of the COVID19 pandemic in east Kalimantan province." Accounting 8, no. 2 (2022): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2021.7.005.
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The technological era is a dilemma in the economic growth of a region. The policy of economic development, at least, contains two main objectives to be achieved, namely growth and equity. These two goals are usually in conflict with each other. That is, if growth reaches a high level, then equity reaches a decline so that the conscious effort to create a balance is one of the goals of development. Growth to increase income per capita is an effort in progress to increase output (through the use of factors of production with or without technological change) continuously in the long run, which is always associated with population growth. Because with high output growth coupled with high population growth, the growth of output will become a new problem, so efforts to overcome unemployment are also a crucial part of development. Equitable distribution of fixed income is one of the critical issues faced by an economy. Doing a real business venture so that the rent is more evenly distributed is an essential responsibility of an economic system. The development of an economy will cause changes that are not always good due to the use of labor. This sometimes causes the number and level of unemployment to increase, along with population growth. Finally the paper considers whether there is any evidence of government expenditure, Private investment and poverty rates on Income distribution in East Kalimantan Province is Significantly influenced but Economic is not Growth.
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Nuraini, Emi. "PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP DISPARITAS PENDAPATAN DI WILAYAH GERBANGKERTOSUSILA." JURNAL EKONOMI PENDIDIKAN DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN 5, no. 1 (April 7, 2017): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jepk.v5n1.p52-67.
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This study aims to analyze the influence of economic growth and educational level towards income disparity on Gerbangkertosusila region either partially or simultaneously. Gerbangkertosusila in 2003-2012 becomes the subject of this research. In addition, the research uses sampling saturated and regression models for panel data analysis to achieve the aims of this study.The results of this study showed that (1) partially economic growth significantly does not influence the income disparity in Gerbangkertosusila region. The invention indicates that economic growth can not be distributed evenly. (2) The level of education have a significant effect on the income disparity of Gerbangkertosusila. The total population of high educated people in Surabaya is higher than others. So, Surabaya has higher income disparity too. (3) While simultaneously, economic growth and education level significanly influence the income disparity in Gerbangkertosusila region. The findings showed that Surabaya has different income disparity. It is because Surabaya as a capital area than other regencies as supporting area. So there is a high gap between capital and supporting area. The government is expected to be able to increase the industrial sector’s output, services and capital goods so that high economic growth can be achieved and more attention to the education sector, especially in the central areas of growth
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Lin, Yuan-ling P., E. Jay Holcomb, and Jonathan P. Lynch. "Marigold Growth and Phosphorus Leaching in a Soilless Medium Amended with Phosphorus-charged Alumina." HortScience 31, no. 1 (February 1996): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.1.94.
Full textAbstract:
Alumina granules charged with P were used as an amendment to improve the ability of a soilless medium to retain P and provide it to plants. Commercially available alumina was acidified, saturated with P, and evenly distributed in a medium of peat, vermiculite, and sand to grow potted marigolds (Tagetes spp.) to a commercially salable stage. Marigolds grown in medium amended with P-charged alumina had adequate nutrition and similar or superior shoot growth (as measured by height, number of branches, and flower production) and fresh and dry weights compared to marigolds grown using commercial fertilizer. Phosphorus-charged alumina at 1% or 2% of total medium volume was sufficient to grow marigolds for at least 8 weeks and substantially reduced P leaching compared to conventionally fertilized controls. Alumina amendments in this range did not cause Al toxicity, as evidenced in root growth and leaf Al content.