Journal articles: 'Evaporator treatment'

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Guinn, Gerald R. "Field Test Evaluation of Solar-Heated Evaporators." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 114, no. 3 (August 1, 1992): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930000.

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The cost of disposal of liquid industrial waste is of intense concern to all industrial waste generators, but especially so to smaller generators which are penalized by the economy of scale. As a last resort to on-site treatment or recycling, the smaller generator is forced to depend upon commercial waste disposal at costs approaching $6.00 per gallon. The use of solar energy to evaporate water from aqueous wastes is a potentially viable alternative if the contaminants are salts having low volatility. This paper describes a field test conducted with a small solar evaporator installed in a machine shop. A naturally vented, basin-type evaporator was used to evaporate water from a spent plating solution used to anodize aluminum. Measured evaporation data validated performance predictions made earlier using TRNSYS and TMY weather data. The data also indicated that accepted correlation models for predicting performance of solar stills underpredict evaporator performance by about 20 percent.

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Zhuang, Pengyu, Hanyu Fu, Ning Xu, Bo Li, Jun Xu, and Lin Zhou. "Free-standing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) membrane for salt-rejecting solar desalination via size effect." Nanophotonics 9, no. 15 (September 10, 2020): 4601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0396.

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AbstractInterfacial solar vapor generation has revived the solar-thermal-based desalination due to its high conversion efficiency of solar energy. However, most solar evaporators reported so far suffer from severe salt-clogging problems during solar desalination, leading to performance degradation and structural instability. Here, we demonstrate a free-standing salt-rejecting reduced graphene oxide (rGO) membrane serving as an efficient, stable, and antisalt-fouling solar evaporator. The evaporation rate of the membrane reaches up to 1.27 kg m−2 h−1 (solar–thermal conversion efficiency ∼79%) under one sun, out of 3.5 wt% brine. More strikingly, due to the tailored narrow interlayer spacing, the rGO membrane can effectively reject ions, preventing salt accumulation even for high salinity brine (∼8 wt% concentration). With enabled salt-antifouling capability, flexibility, as well as stability, our rGO membrane serves as a promising solar evaporator for high salinity brine treatment.

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McKeough, Paterson, and Leena Fagernäs. "Further Evaporation and Final Treatment of Process-Water Concentrates." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 11-12 (December 1, 1999): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0691.

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The study is part of a longer-term effort aimed at developing a separate treatment process for evaporation-concentrates of paper-mill process waters. This article deals with research on the two key processing steps; namely, the further evaporation and the final treatment of the concentrates. In laboratory experiments, various feed waters, including several different TMP filtrates, were evaporated to high dry-solids contents. The condensates recovered in most experiments contained relatively small amounts of organic matter. The extent of vapourisation of organic acids, relative to water, increased somewhat with increase in dry-solids content. Two TMP concentrates from large-scale evaporation plants were further concentrated in a pilot-scale forced-circulation evaporator. Viscosity was the factor limiting the extent of concentration. Using an evaporation temperature of about 80°C, the maximum dry-solids contents achieved with the two different concentrates were about 45 wt% and about 60 wt%, respectively. Fouling of heat-transfer surfaces was observed with both concentrates. A techno-economic evaluation of final-treatment options for alkali-rich concentrates is under way. According to intermediate results, molten-phase combustion processes would not require support fuel once the dry-solids content of TMP concentrate exceeds about 50 wt%. The aim of future work is to optimise the overall treatment process.

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Lee, Woo Su, Moon Yong Park, Xuan Quang Duong, Ngoc Vi Cao, and Jae Dong Chung. "Effects of Evaporator and Condenser in the Analysis of Adsorption Chillers." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 13, 2020): 1901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13081901.

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In a survey of the literature from the last 20 years, 20% of the numerical models used to analyze the performance of adsorption chillers assumed the evaporator and condenser were ideal, with a fixed evaporation temperature and condenser temperature, and ignored interactions between the adsorption bed and evaporator/condenser. Even when the interaction with the evaporator and condenser was included, the other 80% of studies modeled the adsorption bed based on the LPM (lumped parameter method), which ignores the geometry effect and contact resistance of the bed, and thus reduces the accuracy of the analysis. As a consequence, these earlier numerical studies overestimated the system performance of the adsorption chiller. In this study, we conducted a refined numerical approach which avoids these limitations, producing estimates in close agreement with experimental results. Compared with our approach, the models with ideal treatment of evaporator and condenser overestimated COP (coefficient of performance) and SCP (specific cooling power) by as much as 16.12% and 24.64%, respectively. The models based on LPM overestimated COP and SCP by 22.82% and 11.28%, compared to our approach.

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Shevtsov, A. A., S. A. Shevtsov, and V. A. Koshelev. "Resource-saving thermodynamic cycles in liquid hydrocarbon fuel storage technology." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 82, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2020-1-201-206.

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Resource-saving thermodynamic cycles for material and energy flows in the technology of storing liquid hydrocarbon fuel in tanks using a vapor compression heat pump are proposed, which reduce the loss of fuel resulting from evaporation. The heat pump is equipped with a two-section evaporator, the working and reserve sections of which alternately operate in condensation and regeneration modes, respectively. Vapors of hydrocarbon fuel from the tank are discharged to the evaporator section operating in condensation mode. The water contained in the fuel vapor condenses on the heat ex-change surface in the form of an ice crust, and the condensed fuel separated from the water is discharged into an interme-diate tank and returned to the storage tank. The condensation heat of the refrigerant in the condenser is used to heat the intermediate coolant, which is sent to defrost the section of the evaporator operating in the regeneration mode. After this section, the spent intermediate coolant is returned to the condenser in the closed thermodynamic cycle mode. The water formed during defrosting is sent to the biological treatment stage. Thus, real conditions are created for increasing the ener-gy efficiency and environmental safety of the technology for storing liquid hydrocarbon fuel in tanks with maximum con-densation of the vapors resulting from evaporation.

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Ferguson, John F., and Mark M. Benjamin. "Studies of Anaerobic Treatment of Sulfite Process Wastes." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0009.

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A series of laboratory studies of treatment of sulfite process wastes constitute a case study of application of high rate anaerobic biological treatment. Sulfite evaporator condensate (SEC) was evaluated in batch and continuous flow studies to find the efficiency of treatment that was possible and the conditions suitable for treatment. The role of sulfur and neutralization in the process were especially significant. Caustic extraction stage bleaching wastes (CE) were also studied for their use in neutralizing the evaporator condensate. Toxicity effects requiring dilution were found, but both CE and SEC can be treated, removing most of the BOD in a high rate process at detention times believed suitable for commercial application.

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Kiyokawa, Tomohiro, Takaaki Tokutomi, Ichirou Umeda, and Hiroshi Ougiya. "Anaerobic Treatment of KP Evaporator Condensates with UASB Process." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 64, no. 6 (2010): 648–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.64.648.

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Ye, Aiqian, Harjinder Singh, Michael W. Taylor, and Skelte G. Anema. "Interactions of fat globule surface proteins during concentration of whole milk in a pilot-scale multiple-effect evaporator." Journal of Dairy Research 71, no. 4 (November 2004): 471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029904000512.

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The changes in milk fat globules and fat globule surface proteins during concentration of whole milk using a pilot-scale multiple-effect evaporator were examined. The effects of heat treatment of milk at 95 °C for 20 s, prior to evaporation, on fat globule size and the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins were also determined. In both non-preheated and preheated whole milk, the size of milk fat globules decreased while the amount of total surface proteins at the fat globules increased as the milk passed through each effect of the evaporator. In non-preheated samples, the amount of caseins at the surface of fat globules increased markedly during evaporation with a relatively small increase in whey proteins. In preheated samples, both caseins and whey proteins were observed at the surface of fat globules and the amounts of these proteins increased during subsequent steps of evaporation. The major original MFGM proteins, xanthine oxidase, butyrophilin, PAS 6 and PAS 7, did not change during evaporation, however, PAS 6 and PAS 7 decreased during preheating. These results indicate that the proteins from the skim milk were adsorbed onto the fat globule surface when the milk fat globules were disrupted during evaporation.

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Robertson, Lindsay J., and Alan J. Baldwin. "Process integration study of a milk powder plant." Journal of Dairy Research 60, no. 3 (August 1993): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900027679.

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SummaryA study was undertaken of the heat exchange possible in a milk powder plant consisting of milk treatment, a four-effect evaporator fitted with a thermovapour recompressor and a spray drier fitted with a fluidized bed secondary drier. The study utilized the techniques of process integration analysis and grand composite curve matching. Of particular interest was the optimum utilization of vapours within the evaporator. It was shown that with a minor redesign of the evaporator, and utilization of some vapour in the milk treatment section of the plant, a 6% reduction in total energy consumption of the milk powder plant was possible. If heat exchange between inlet and outlet air of the spray drier was not considered practical, preheating spray drier air with vapour from the evaporator resulted in a 10% reduction in energy consumption. Other minor heat exchange possibilities were also revealed. It was concluded that the use of vapour from the evaporator, and increased steam consumption in the evaporator, may lead in some designs to decreased plant thermal energy consumption overall. As well as the process integration study, formulae are presented for calculating the change in thermal economy of an evaporator when vapour is extracted for use in other sections of the plant. The use of process integration studies needs to be given consideration in overall design of energy-intensive dairy plant.

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Smith-Kayode, O., S. A. O. Adeyemi, Remi Aribisala, Funke Bogunjoko, and G. N. Elemo. "OPTIMISATION OF SOLIDS RECOVERY IN CONCENTRATED ORANGE JUICE (COJ) PROCESSING." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 537c—537. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.537c.

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Conventional procedure for producing concentrated orange juice through evaporation often causes thermally induce gelation with difficulties in raising brix to optimum level. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of mixed pectinase treatment on solids extraction, recovery and pulp wash from selected sweet orange fruit cultivars. Enzyme use level, depectinization time were varied and pertinent rheological parameters determined on concentrate samples towards standardising quality control protocols. The enzyme treatment improved juice circulation in the climbing film evaporator and solids content raised to ≥ 60 Brix.

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Milet, G. M. D., and S. J. B. Duff. "Treatment of kraft condensates in a feedback-controlled sequencing batch reactor." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 4-5 (August 1, 1998): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0642.

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A feedback-controlled sequencing batch reactor was used to treat kraft accumulator and evaporator condensates. The control strategy used the level of dissolved oxygen to terminate the oxidation phase and commence the settling phase of each cycle. The duration of the oxidation phase was automatically adjusted to achieve 100% removal of methanol, the major carbon source in the condensates. While the treatment rate varied substantially in response to influent variability, the overall level of treatment remained constant, averaging 88±5% and 64±2% COD removal for the accumulator and evaporator condensates, respectively. Generally over 90% of the reduced sulfur compounds were removed, apparently almost completely by stripping. Metal ion addition was found to be necessary to support biological growth in accumulator condensate.

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Wang, Zhuang, Zeru Wang, Zhengxing Jiang, Yi He, and Tao Duan. "Amidoximated wooden solar evaporator for high-efficiency nuclear wastewater treatment." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 33 (April 22, 2021): 46053–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13688-x.

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Bai, Zhongteng, Yanqiu Wang, Mingjun Shan, Yanli Lv, Guangcai Meng, Siwei Zhu, and Dawei Pan. "Study on anti-scaling of landfill leachate treated by evaporation method." Water Science and Technology 84, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.210.

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Abstract In the mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) treatment of landfill leachate, scaling in the evaporator and heat exchanger poses a serious problem. This study explored the reasons for such scaling and proposed acid or ion-exchange pre-treatments to reduce the alkalinity of the landfill leachate nanofiltration concentrate (LLNC) to prevent scaling. The feasibility of these two methods was evaluated and the technical and economic parameters for application were obtained via experiments. A large amount of HCO3- in the LLNC was the main cause of scaling. The acid addition experiment and field application demonstrated that this method could prevent fouling problems. The cost of acid addition was USD 0.18/t. LLNC pre-treatment by ion-exchange showed that a weakly acidic cation-exchange resin performed better than a strongly acidic cation-exchange resin did. The amount of solid residue under an alkalinity of 0 mg/L could be decreased by 92.9% compared with that of raw LLNC during evaporation. Both methods could alleviate scaling and enable the wide application of the MVR evaporation process in landfill leachate treatment.

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Latola, P. K. "Treatment of Different Wastewaters from Pulp and Paper Industry in Methane Reactors." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0017.

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A wastewater from an integrated paper mill with a COD of 1200 mg/dm3 was anaerobically treated in a multi-stage reactor. The BOD7 removal efficiencies of 60-75 % were achieved at maximal loading rates of 5-6 kg COD/m3d and HRT of 4-6 hours due to the granular sludge. Industrial sulphite evaporator condensates from Ca- and Na-processes were treated in anaerobic filters containing light gravel, plastic foam and power plant slag as filter media. The BOD7 removals of 78 % on average were achieved at loading rates of 1.8-3.3 kg COD/m3d with Ca-process evaporator condensates and 80 % BOD7 removals were achieved with Na-process condensates at loading rates of 3.5-4.1 kg COD/m3d.

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Salkinoja-Salonen, M. S., R. Hakulinen, L. Silakoski, J. Apajalahti, V. Backström, and E. L. Nurmiaho-Lassila. "Fluidized Bed Technology in the Anaerobic Treatment of Forest Industry Wastewaters." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0006.

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The reasons for studying anaerobic fluidised bed technology for the treatment of forest industry wastewaters are twofold: the very large volume enforcing hydraulic loading beyond the limits tolerated by conventional anaerobic techniques and the low nutrient need compared with aerobic methods. In this paper we describe the results obtained for four different pulp mill waste streams: sulfite bleaching and evaporator condensate wastewaters , wastewater from displacement bleaching of kraft pulp and from thermomechanical pulping. We found that all four could be purified anaerobically within a hydraulic detention time of ≤12h and with a treatment efficiency of 3 to 4 kg of CODCr removed m−3 d−1. 80 to 90% of the CODCr of the thermomechanical pulp mill wastewater and evaporator condensate could be removed during anaerobic treatment, yielding ≥0.5m3 of biogas kg−1 CODCr removed. The bleaching wastewaters needed aerobic post-treatment and yielded little or no biogas.

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Guercini, S., G. Castelli, and C. Rumor. "Vacuum evaporation treatment of digestate: full exploitation of cogeneration heat to process the whole digestate production." Water Science and Technology 70, no. 3 (May 28, 2014): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.247.

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Vacuum evaporation represents an interesting and innovative solution for managing animal waste surpluses in areas with high livestock density. To reduce operational costs, a key factor is the availability of an inexpensive source of heat, such as that coming from an anaerobic digestion (AD) plant. The aim of this study was to test vacuum evaporation for the treatment of cattle slurry digestate focusing on heat exploitation. Tests were performed with a pilot plant fed with the digestate from a full-scale AD plant. The results were used to evaluate if and how cogeneration heat can support both the AD plant and the subsequent evaporation of the whole daily digestate production in a full-scale plant. The concentrate obtained (12% total solids) represents 40–50% of the influent. The heat requirement is 0.44 kWh/kg condensate. Heat power availability exceeding the needs of the digestor ranges from 325 (in winter) to 585 kW (in summer) versus the 382 kW required for processing the whole digestate production. To by-pass fluctuations, we propose to use the heat coming from the cogenerator directly in the evaporator, tempering the digestor with the latent heat of distillation vapor.

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Penzin, R. A., and A. A. Svitsov. "Development of Technologies for Handling Liquid Radioactive Waste of Nuclear Power Plants." Radioactive Waste 13, no. 4 (2020): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.25283/2587-9707-2020-4-90-98.

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The paper presents the results of a feasibility study focused on two methods designed to treat evaporator bottoms generated from the evaporation of liquid radioactive waste (LRW) at nuclear power plants (NPP), namely, deep evaporation (DE) and ion-selective decontamination (ISD). ISD method proved to be much more efficient and costeffective compared to the DE one due to a drastic reduction of the conditioned radioactive waste volume intended for disposal. The paper also considers possible opportunities for upgrading particular ISD stages. It provides recommendations on how to upgrade LRW treatment technologies at NPP of a new generation, including separated collection of basic LRW types and development of in situ RW processing and conditioning flowsheets.

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Dong, Xue Wu, Jian Hui Han, Dai Ren, Kai Mu, Dong Peng Liu, and Yao Li Du. "Vibratory Stress Relief of Central Air-Conditioning Evaporator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.393.

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Tubular evaporator is one of the key components of central air-conditioning. It is necessary to do aging treatment to relief residual stress and prevent leak phenomenon from structural deformation. Vibratory stress relief (VSR) can relieve residual stress in metal component. It has high efficiency with energy-saving, no exhausting and low cost. However vibration parameter impacts effect considerably. The author determines vibration parameter based on vibration mode and stress distribution. The relative parameters cover excitation frequency and point, support point etc. We measured residual stress both for after welding and VSR treatment lasting 30 minutes of the component. Result shows that residual stress is reduced by 61%. Residual stress between different points is decreased by 85.56% after VSR. Therefore, VSR should be carried out by vibration parameter based on vibration mode and stress distribution. At last we can say that our innovation is adapt to determine the VSR technical parameter for all metal components.

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Majd, Saeed Samani, Mohammad Hassan Rabie Rad, Zahra Nazari, Abdolazim Behfar, Gholamreza Reissi, Roya Amirpoor, and Azita Dadfar. "Effect of water treatment process on organochlorine pesticide residue levels in Ahvaz water treatment plant 2." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 7, no. 4 (December 26, 2017): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2017_126.

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One of the main hazards of human life and health is the presence of pesticides in the aquatic system is. The Karun River is the surface water source in the preparation of drinking water for the city of Ahvaz city at the Ahvaz Water Treatment Plant (AWTP) #2. This study was done in order to investigate the statue of qualification and the quantification of the contamination of water entering into (AWTP #2) by selected organochlorine pesticides [(α, β, γ, δ )HCH, heptachlor, alderin, dielderin, (op’ , pp’ ) DDT, (α, β) endosulfan and metoxychlor], plus the water treatment effects on these pesticide residues removal. For this purpose, one composite sample from each of the water treatment process steps was taken monthly which was comprised of 20 grab samples in 2008. Water samples were acidified to pH < 2, extracted three times with n-hexane, and concentrated using a rotary vacuum evaporator for Florisil column chromatography cleanup and fractioned by elution with three different solvent mixtures of petroleum and diethyl ether. Finally, the elutes were concentrated to dryness using rotary vacuum evaporator and then the residues were dissolved in hexane and analyzed by GC- μECD. All 12 investigated organochlorine pesticides were detected. Results of this study indicated that concentration of investigated pesticides decreased (according to the kind of pesticide) by 20% to 80% and the mean of total concentration was reduced by 49% during water treatment process steps. There was a significant positive correlation (r=97.75%) between variation in the concentration of poisons and the total organic matter (KMnO4 value).

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Liao, B. Q., M. R. Zheng, and L. Ratana-Rueangsri. "Treatment of synthetic kraft evaporator condensate using thermophilic and mesophilic membrane aerated biofilm reactors." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 7 (April 1, 2010): 1749–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.114.

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A comparative study on the treatment of synthetic kraft evaporator condensate was conducted using thermophilic (55°C) and mesophilic (30°C) membrane aerated biofilm reactors (MABRs) and sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) for 8 months. Under tested conditions, a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 80–95% was achieved with both thermophilic and mesophilic MABRs and SBRs. The COD removal efficiency of thermophilic MABR (80–90%) was slightly lower than that of the mesophilic MABR (85–95%) and the thermophilic SBR (90–95%). A significant amount (13–37%) of COD was stripped by conventional aeration in the SBRs, while stripping in MABRs was negligible. Simultaneous COD removal and denitrification were observed in the mesophilic MABR, while the thermophilic MABR contributed mainly for COD removal. Nitrification was not significant in both the thermophilic and mesophilic MABRs. The results suggest that treatment of kraft evaporator condensate is feasible with the use of both thermophilic and mesophilic MABRs in terms of COD removal with the advantages of negligible stripping.

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Aivasidis, A. "Anaerobic Treatment of Sulfite Evaporator Condensate in a Fixed Bed Loop Reactor." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0016.

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There are a large number of advantages in using microbial anaerobic degradation processes in waste water pretreatment. A disadvantage of this method lies in the relatively long doubling times of anaerobic microorganisms which cause long residence times in a continuous stirred tank reactor. Because of the autocatalytic behaviour of the microbial processes and the low carbon incorporation rate which results in low biomass concentrations, decoupling of residence times for substrate and biomass in continuously operated systems is necessary. In this way high space time yields can be achieved under anaerobic conditions as well. From the well known variants for biomass retention, immobilisation by an inert support is thought to be an effective alternative. Experiments on anaerobic treatment of sulfite evaporator condensate by means of immobilized microorganisms were carried out in a 121-fixed bed loop reactor. Porous sinter glass from SCHOTT Mainz with a porosity of about 60 % and a mean pore diameter of 60-100 μm served as carrier. The reactor was operated for several months under steady state conditions at different residence times using an iterative approach. At a residence time of 11 h 84 % of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was eliminated at loading rates up to 100 kg COD/m3 and day. Online data acquisition and process control are recommended and easily realized by means of a digital computer, in order to increase selection stress on microorganism population and optimize space time yield.

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Liao, B. Q., K. Xie, H. J. Lin, and Daniel Bertoldo. "Treatment of kraft evaporator condensate using a thermophilic submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 9 (May 1, 2010): 2177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.123.

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The feasibility of using a thermophilic submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) for kraft evaporator condensate treatment was studied at 55 ± 1°C over 6.5 months. Under tested organic loading rate of 1–7 kg COD/m3 day, a soluble COD removal efficiency of 85–97% was obtained. The methane production rate was 0.35 ± 0.1 L methane/g COD and the produced biogas was of excellent fuel quality with 80–90% methane. A higher membrane fouling rate was related to the presence of a larger portion of fine colloidal particles (1–10 μm). The thermophilic SAnMBR was sensitive to the presence of toxic compounds in feed and unexpected pH probe failure (leading to a higher pH). Feed toxic shock caused sludge deflocculation and thus deteriorated membrane performance. Operating the reactor as a conventional anaerobic reactor to waste some of the fine flocs in treated effluent during the start-up process was an effective strategy to reduce membrane fouling. The experimental results from this study indicate that treatment of kraft evaporator condensate is feasible in terms of COD removal and biogas production using thermophilic SAnMBRs but pre-treatment may be needed to remove toxic sulfur compounds and membrane fouling caused by the large portion of fine particles may be a challenge.

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Awwal, M. A., M. F. R. Guzella, and T. V. Silva. "Chemical treatment of simulated solution of evaporator concentrate for immobilization in bitumen." Waste Management 16, no. 4 (January 1996): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0956-053x(96)00018-9.

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Sankara Reddy, Sareddy Ravi, Manoj Kumar Karnena, Bhavya Kavitha Dwarapureddi, and Vara Saritha. "Treatment of Effluents Containing High Total Dissolved Solids By Multi-Effect Evaporator." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 1173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2020.v19i03.030.

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Lavirko, Juriy, Eduard Akhmetov, Rimma Akhmetova, and Natalia Bikeeva. "Development of water saving technology for water supply system of industrial enterprises." E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 08004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127408004.

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The object of the study is the water supply and sanitation system of an industrial enterprise. Currently, many enterprises do not use the treated industrial waste water in the water supply cycle. Therefore, the use of treated wastewater is of practical importance. The scheme of thermal treatment of waste water for obtaining pure condensate by evaporation is proposed. The main results of the study are the technical solution for the development of the enterprise's wastewater treatment complex. Pure condensate is obtained in an instant boiling evaporator. The research method is based on the calculation of energy costs in wastewater treatment for different types of waste water. The results of the study allow us to determine the optimal set of energy equipment for obtaining pure condensate and its further use. The specific practical significance lies in the development of a technical solution that helps the treatment of wastewater and the reduction of emissions into the water basin.

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Bérubé, Pierre R., and Eric R. Hall. "Promoting the Biological Oxidation of Reduced Sulphur Compounds by pH Adjustment in a High Temperature Membrane Bioreactor Treating Kraft Pulp Mill Foul Condensate." Water Quality Research Journal 36, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2001.006.

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Abstract Over 99% of the reduced sulphur compounds (RSC) contained in a synthetic foul evaporator condensate were removed during treatment using a high temperature membrane bioreactor (MBR). At a neutral pH, the removal of the RSC was entirely due to stripping by the aeration system. It was possible to reduce the amount of RSC that was stripped to the atmosphere by promoting the biological oxidation of RSC through pH adjustment. A pH of less than approximately 4.5 was required to establish biological oxidation of RSC in the MBR. However, even at a pH of 3, which has been reported by others to be the optimal pH for the growth of thermophilic sulphur-oxidizing microorganisms, biological oxidation accounted for only approximately 50% of the RSC removed during treatment. The removal of the remaining 50% of the RSC removed during treatment was still due to stripping by the aeration system. The results further suggested that the long-term stability of a high temperature MBR operated at a low pH is questionable. In addition, the biological oxidation of methanol, which is considered to be the primary contaminant of concern contained in evaporator condensate, was significantly inhibited at a pH of less than approximately 4.5. Consequently, the simultaneous biological removal of methanol and RSC from foul evaporator condensate using a high temperature MBR was concluded to be impractical.

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Gunnarsson, L., and B. Rosén. "Anaerobic Treatment of Sulphite Evaporator Condensate in a Pilot Plant of Novel Design." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0022.

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Sulphite evaporator condensate has been treated in an anaerobic pilot plant, consisting of two separate units. One unit was an ordinary mixed reactor. The second reactor was identical with the first one, but additionally it contained a plastic medium as a fixed bed reactor. The agitator in the reactor provided circulation through the medium. Both reactors had internal sedimentation and no external settling device. The reactor with a fixed biofilm was more stable and had an over-all better performance than the reactor without a medium. Particularly the latter was severely disturbed by a momentaneous intrusion of high amounts suspended solids, which did not effect the former. Twelve weeks after the start of the tests, the fixed bed reactor was not yet in final equilibrium but despite that, at a loading of 0,5 m3/m3 and 6 kg COD/m3 × d, the COD-reduction was 66%, the BOD-reduction 84%, giving 68% methane in the biogas and 0,15 m3 CH4 was produced per kg COD added.

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Shirke, Umesh, and Arif Khan. "Treatment of Effluent by Forced Circulation Evaporator Followed By Asp in Chemical Industry." International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Science 5, no. 11 (September 29, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.46335/ijies.2020.5.11.1.

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Silva, Flávio, Helena Nadais, António Prates, Luís Arroja, and Isabel Capela. "Molasses as an external carbon source for anaerobic treatment of sulphite evaporator condensate." Bioresource Technology 100, no. 6 (March 2009): 1943–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.10.029.

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Phakam, Bunnaporn, Lalehvash Moghaddam, Adrian G. Baker, Christopher East, and William O. S. Doherty. "Compositional and structural changes of sugarcane evaporator deposits after concentrated sodium hydroxide treatment." Journal of Food Engineering 214 (December 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.06.018.

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Ouyang, Qin. "Airside Pressure Drop Mechanism of Automobile Air-Conditioner Evaporator Plating with Hydrophilic Film." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 2850–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.2850.

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A mathematical model of airside pressure drop was established, and calculations were conducted respectively under dry condition and wet condition for evaporators with hydrophilic treatment and without hydrophilic treatment. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed model. The results reveal a significant improvement of hydrophilic treatment, and air resistance drops to 53% when relative humidity is 50%, while it drops to 50% when relative humidity is 90%.

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Kaur, Paninder, J. S. Dua, and D. N. Prasad. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF KETOCONAZOLE NIOSOMAL GEL." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 6, no. 5 (October 31, 2018): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v6i5.424.

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ABSTRACT In recent years, treatment of infectious disease through Novel Drug delivery system (NDDS) has undergone a revolutionary shift. Niosomes are a Novel Drug Delivery system which has potential application to treat infectious disease topically. Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant vesicles, in which medication is encapsulated in a vesicle for controlled drug release. Ketoconazole niosomes were prepared by using Cholesterol, Span 60/ Span 40 as surfactants, chloroform, and diethyl ether using rotary vacuum evaporator method. Formulation was then evaluated for particle size, drug content, entrapment efficiency, and in-vitro drug release studies. The Entrapment efficiency and drug content were calculated at 225nm using UV spectrophotometer. The drug content was found to be 70.37% for Span 40 and 72.81% for Span 60.The percentage of drug entrapment in niosomes was 60.3 % for Span 40 and 62.21 % for Span 60. FT-IR studies for niosomes containing Span 40 shows -CH stretching (Aliphatic) at 2891 cm-1and2925 cm-1 for niosomes containing Span 60. Ketoconazole niosomal gel was prepared using Carbopol 940, glycerol, Triethanolamine and distilled water. Evaluation of niosomal gel was determined by Physical appearance, pH, viscosity, drug content, entrapment efficiency and In-vitro diffusion studies.The percentage of the drug release from the niosomal gel was found to be 40.78 % for Span 40 and 33.75% for Span 60 . This delivery system is cost effective and simple to prepare as only the prepared gel of niosomes was introduced in Rotary vacuum evaporator for solvent evaporation.

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Włodarczyk, Barbara, and Paweł P. Włodarczyk. "Analysis of the Potential of an Increase in Yeast Output Resulting from the Application of Additional Process Wastewater in the Evaporator Station." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (June 3, 2019): 2282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112282.

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This paper reports the results of an analysis of process wastewater streams in the context of an increase in yeast production. This research is based on the analysis of data from the biggest yeast factory in Europe. The research presented in this paper involves the analysis of the influence of direction of additional wastewater into the evaporator station on yeast production. In the process wastewater, nitrogen is mainly present in organic forms. The analysis reported in this paper involves the concentration of total nitrogen in wastewater streams, as it is the main parameter applied to determine the amount of wastewater that can be applied in agricultural fields. Directing additional wastewater into the evaporator station can offer a simultaneous increase in the volume of its use in the field of agriculture and will ultimately yield an increase in productivity (under conditions where additional pressure on the natural environment is not exerted). The results obtained in this analysis were an increase in production of ηYp = 0.1027, corresponding to about 6500 Mg of yeast per year. This is a feasible value, which can be derived from the existing agricultural field area and the properties of the evaporator station in the factory. At the same time, the same increase in the volume of organic fertilizer is obtained. This fertilizer is generated as a byproduct of the pre-treatment of wastewater at the evaporator station. Thus, the increase in the production of the fertilizer can have a positive effect on fields in local farms, which are typically the recipients of this fertilizer.

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Xiang, Ai Shuang, Xiao Ming Wang, and Song Lin Xu. "Feed Rate on Velocity Field of Liquid Film in a Wiped Film Molecular Distillatory." Advanced Materials Research 560-561 (August 2012): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.560-561.46.

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Effect of feed flow rate on velocity field of evaporating liquid film in a wiped film molecular distillatory was studied with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. Three assumptions were introduced in order to simplify modeling processes. According to our previous study, the RNG k-εturbulent model treating near-wall flow was properly used in this simulation. The volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase model was also applied to track the liquid-gas surface. A near-wall modeling method, enhanced wall treatment, was used to consider the effect of walls. Simulations were carried out in rotating coordinate system. All simulation results are reasonably identical with real situation and were discussed in several aspects. It was concluded that increment of feed flow rate would reduce the turbulence of liquid film on the evaporator surface and then reduce the evaporation rate.

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Toth, Andras Jozsef, Eniko Haaz, Botond Szilagyi, Tibor Nagy, Ariella Janka Tarjani, Daniel Fozer, Anita Andre, Nora Valentinyi, Szabolcs Solti, and Peter Mizsey. "COD reduction of process wastewater with vacuum evaporation." Waste Treatment and Recovery 3, no. 1 (July 26, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/wtr-2018-0001.

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Abstract Washing detergents in process wastewaters from fine chemical industry produce high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), which poses a serious environmental problem. Method has to be found, which follows the principles of circular economy so that the treated water can be recycled or reused. Heat pump vacuum evaporator is evaluated in order to reduce the Chemical Oxygen Demand of process wastewater with washing detergent content from initial 7500 mg O2/L to a lower value below the effluent limit , which is 1000 mg O2/L. Yield and COD rejection are determined for the evaluation of selected treatment. Experiments are investigated with LED Italia R150-v3 pilot apparatus. Different evaporation pressures were applied during measurements. It The highest removal or reduction of in the Chemical Oxygen Demand was reached certainly using the lowest possible pressure, which is 40 mbar.

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M., Skala, Kůs P., Kotowski J., and Kořenková H. "Application of reverse osmosis at NPP and verification of the process for primary coolant treatment in temelín nuclear power." Nuclear Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.53747/jnst.v7i2.105.

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Drained primary coolant from nuclear power plants containing boric acid is currently treated in the system of evaporators and by ion exchangers. Reverse osmosis as an alternative process to evaporator was investigated. Using reverse osmosis, the feed primary coolant is separated into two output streams: retentate and permeate. Retentate stream consists of concentrated boric acid solution together with other components, while permeate stream consists of purified water. In the first phase ofthe project the reverse osmosis modules from several manufactures were tested on a batch laboratory apparatus. Certain modifications to the pH of the feed solution were needed to enable the tested membranes to concentrate the H3BO3 in the retentate stream, separate from the pure water in the permeate stream. Furthermore, the separation capability for other compounds present in primary coolant such as K, Li or NH3 were evaluated. In the final phase of the project the pilot-plant unit of reverse osmosis was tested in nuclear power plant Temelín. It was installed in the Special Purification System SVO-6 for the regeneration of boric acid. The aim of the tests performed in Temelín nuclear power plant was to verify possible use of reverse osmosis for the treatment of primary coolant.

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Xie, K., H. J. Lin, B. Mahendran, D. M. Bagley, K. T. Leung, S. N. Liss, and B. Q. Liao. "Performance and fouling characteristics of a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor for kraft evaporator condensate treatment." Environmental Technology 31, no. 5 (April 14, 2010): 511–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330903527898.

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Siregar, Ambali Azwar, Urip Harahap, and Mardianto Mardianto. "EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRIH MERAH (Piper crocatum) MENURUNKAN KADAR GULA DARAH MENCIT DIABETES." Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung 1, no. 1 (January 26, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51352/jim.v1i1.10.

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Diabetes mellitus is one of desease that have a large population and trend to increase. sulfonylurea and biguanide are almost used treatment but have unexpected side effects. The research still necessary to seek alternative medicine, such as Piper crocatum.This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol extract of red betel leaves on blood sugar levels and body weight of mice (Mus musculus L.) diabetes. This riset was started to produce simplicia and drilled become powders, continued extract with 70% ethanol. The extract was evaporated with rotary evaporator until obtaine crude extract. And then screen it that determine phytochemical. To continued test on tolerance of level of glucose then mice diabetes induced aloxan.In summary, extract of red betle ethanolic has contained alkaloid, quercetin flavonoid, steroid and fenolic compounds and decreased level of glucose in blood mice diabetes. Besides, it can reduce lose of weight symptom.

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Hill, J., M. Boland, P. Harris, and G. Paterson. "Impact of genetic polymorphism on milk powder manufacture and processing." BSAP Occasional Publication 25 (2000): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s146398150004067x.

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AbstractRecombined milks manufactured from milk powders made from milk produced by b-lactoglobulin (b-LG) AA phenotype cows were not suitable for processing into ultra-heat-treated (UHT) milk products as these milks rapidly fouled heat exchanger surfaces when compared with standard mixed b-LG variant milk. Recombined milks manufactured from powders from b-LG BB phenotype milk generally gave low fouling rates upon UHT treatment and in some cases gave almost negligible fouling of UHT heat exchanger surfaces. Fresh milk from b-LG AA phenotype cows fouled evaporator preheaters more rapidly than standard milk, whereas fresh milk produced from b-LG BB phenotype cows fouled evaporator preheaters less rapidly than standard milk. Recombined milks manufactured from powders made with milk from k-casein (k-CN) BB phenotype cows fouled heat exchanger surfaces more rapidly than recombined milks manufactured from powders from milk from k-CN AA phenotype cows.

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Zhou, Weili, Tsuyoshi Imai, Masao Ukita, Fusheng Li, and Akira Yuasa. "Effect of limited aeration on the anaerobic treatment of evaporator condensate from a sulfite pulp mill." Chemosphere 66, no. 5 (January 2007): 924–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.06.004.

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Chatterjee, Aparajita, Giulia Bandini, Edwin Motari, and John Samuelson. "Ethanol and Isopropanol in Concentrations Present in Hand Sanitizers Sharply Reduce Excystation of Giardia and Entamoeba and Eliminate Oral Infectivity of Giardia Cysts in Gerbils." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 11 (August 17, 2015): 6749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01290-15.

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ABSTRACTEnteric protozoan parasites, which are spread by the fecal-oral route, are important causes of diarrhea (Giardia duodenalis) and amebic dysentery (Entamoeba histolytica). Cyst walls ofGiardiaandEntamoebahave a single layer composed of fibrils of β-1,3-linked GalNAc and β-1,4-linked GlcNAc (chitin), respectively. The goal here was to determine whether hand sanitizers that contain ethanol or isopropanol as the active microbicide might reduce transmission of these parasites. We found that treatment with these alcohols with or without drying in a rotary evaporator (to model rapid evaporation of sanitizers on hands) kills 85 to 100% of cysts ofG. duodenalisand 90 to 100% of cysts ofEntamoeba invadens(a nonpathogenic model forE. histolytica), as shown by nuclear labeling with propidium iodide and failure to excystin vitro. Alcohols with or without drying collapsed the cyst walls ofGiardiabut did not collapse the cyst walls ofEntamoeba. To validate thein vitroresults, we showed that treatment with alcohols eliminated oral infection of gerbils by 1,000G. duodenaliscysts, while a commercial hand sanitizer (Purell) killedE. invadenscysts that were directly applied to the hands. These results suggest that expanded use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers might reduce the transmission ofGiardiaandEntamoeba.

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Habets, Leo, and Willie Driessen. "Anaerobic treatment of pulp and paper mill effluents – status quo and new developments." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 6 (March 1, 2007): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.232.

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Since the early 1980s, anaerobic treatment of industrial effluents has found widespread application in the pulp and paper industry. Over 200 installations are treating a large variety of different pulp and paper mill effluents. Amongst various anaerobic systems the UASB and IC are the most applied anaerobic reactor systems. Anaerobic treatment is well feasible for effluents originated from recycle paper mills, mechanical pulping (peroxide bleached), semi-chemical pulping and sulphite and kraft evaporator condensates. The advantages of anaerobic pre-treatment are (1) net production of renewable energy (biogas), (2) minimized bio-solids production, (3) minimal footprint and (4) reduced emission of greenhouse gases. Via in-line application of anaerobic treatment in closed circuits (paper kidney technology) further savings on cost of fresh water intake and effluent discharge levies are generated.

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Qiu, Rongchu, J. F. Ferguson, and M. M. Benjamin. "Sequential Anaerobic and Aerobic Treatment of Kraft Pulping Wastes." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0014.

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A study of sequential anaerobic and aerobic treatment was conducted with combinations of kraft evaporator condensate (KEC) and caustic extraction (CE) stage bleaching effluent. In addition to conventional measures of treatment efficiency, the transformations and removal of sulfur compounds from the KEC and changes in molecular size fraction of organic carbon and organic chlorine were measured. A large fraction of the BOD in the combined waste could be removed in the anaerobic stage at loadings of up to at least 15 kg COD/m3-d. The overall process produced an effluent with <30 mg/l BOD and SS and with varying amounts of COD, depending on the CE fraction being treated. Fractional removals of organic carbon and COD were approximately equal and were significantly greater than that of organic chlorine. Removal efficiencies were higher for the low molecular weight fraction. One third of the influent sulfur was removed as H2S gas in the anaerobic stage. The remaining sulfur was largely oxidized to sulfate in the aerobic stage, with nearly complete elimination of odors.

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Geller, A., and L. Göttsching. "Anaerobic Fermentation of Sulphite Pulp Mill Effluents." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0013.

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Despite internal measures modern sulphite pulp mills are still releasing considerable amounts of effluents loaded with organic pollutants. The main sources are the spent liquor evaporator and the bleach plant. In the laboratory scale two anaerobic systems (stirred fermentation vessel and fixed bed reactor) were tested for the fermentation of effluents from a magnesium sulphite mill. The efficiency of the fixed bed reactor was substantially better than the efficiency of the fermentor. Upon treatment of evaporator condensates, COD removal exceeded 90 % with corresponding BOD removal of 99 % after a residence time of 36 hours, whereas the necessary residence time for the same results was about 16 days in the fermentor. The methane production increased with increasing loading, reaching a maximum at a COD loading rate of 7 kg.m−3 .d−1. BOD elimination from bleaching effluents was better than 95 % with fixed bed reactor, whilst COD removal remained below 50 %. All experiments were run over a period of more than two years, exhibiting stability of the fixed bed filter, low needs for maintenance and negligible biomass generation.

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Zhao, Wei, Han Gong, Yan Song, Bo Li, Ning Xu, Xinzhe Min, Guoliang Liu, et al. "Hierarchically Designed Salt‐Resistant Solar Evaporator Based on Donnan Effect for Stable and High‐Performance Brine Treatment." Advanced Functional Materials 31, no. 23 (April 16, 2021): 2100025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202100025.

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46

Nilsson, B., and O. Strand. "Evaporator Condensate and Caustic Extraction Liquor from a Pulp Factory Treated with an Anaerobic Process." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 5-6 (March 1, 1994): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0733.

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Borregaard Industries Ltd, Norway, is a Ca-bisulphite based pulp manufacturer which has an interest in an anaerobic wastewater treatment process. At this pulp factory a combination of sulphite evaporator (SEC) and caustic extraction liquor (CEL) would eliminate the costs for neutralization chemicals in an anaerobic treatment process. The anaerobic process was also suitable because of the high concentration of organic compounds in CEL, the biogas production and the low sludge growth. Today a full-scale plant treating SEC in combination with CEL is in operation with a capacity to treat 60 tons of COD/d. All CEL qualities are treated anaerobically even those containing peroxide. The highest guaranteed AOX concentration in the CEL to be treated is 25 mg AOX/I. The experience from a 2-year pilot plant study has influenced the design of the full-scale plant. An adaption of the sludge to the CEL has to be performed due the toxic compounds in the CEL. The incoming wastewater to the full-scale plant has a composition of 50% COD from the SEC and 50% COD from the CEL. With an organic load of 40 tons COD/d, a SEC/CEL ratio of 51/49, the COD reduction is 65% and the gas yield 0.20 m3 CH4/kg COD added. This full-scale plant is unique due to the treatment of different CEL qualities and to the high combination of CEL.

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Kosasih, E. A., R. I. Wahid, and A. A. Faros. "Aquadest production system as steam turbine bottom cycle II: influence of condenser pressure and pinch point temperature difference." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 04029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186704029.

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Most of the energy derived from Steam turbine is discharge in the condenser at temperatures that may damage the environment. The condenser cooling water has gone through water treatment process, so it would be better used as raw material to produce aquadest. This study simulate a system that produces aquadest by throttling 10% of cooling water that coming out the condenser into a vacuum chamber (3 kPa). The resulting cold vapoor is condensed in the evaporator become aquadest. Cold water coming out the vacuum chamber is mixed with water coming out the condenser is lower than before. Parameters that varied are the condenser pressure and pinch point temperature difference (PPTD) inside the condenser. The simulation resulted the condenser cooling water temperature of less than 40 °C (design point), especially at PPTD of 9 °C. that applicable to all variations of condenser pressure 7 to 12 [kPa]. Spesific energy consumption of aquadest are between 550,7 to 900,3 [kPa] (less than half of water evaporation heat) and the aquadest flowrate are between 0,116 to 0,319 [kg/s].

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Bérubé, P. R., and E. R. Hall. "Effects of Kraft Evaporator Condensate Matrix on Methanol Removal in a High Temperature Membrane Bioreactor." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 11-12 (December 1, 1999): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0729.

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This study investigated the removal of methanol from kraft pulp mill condensate using a high temperature membrane bioreactor (MBR). The effects of the complex matrix associated with real condensate, on methanol metabolism and removal kinetics, were examined. The measured specific methanol utilization rate observed during the treatment of real condensate was lower than that previously observed with synthetic condensate. The difference could not be attributed to inhibitory effects of the real condensate matrix. Instead, the reduction was attributed to a shift in the composition of the microbial community present in the MBR. The shift resulted from competition between non-methylotrophic and methylotrophic microorganisms for the available methanol. The non-methylotrophic microorganisms exhibited a lower specific methanol utilization rate (0.45/day) than the methylotrophic microorganisms (0.81/day), resulting in a lower overall specific methanol utilization rate of 0.55/day. Nonetheless, the specific methanol utilization rate observed in the present study at 60 °C was still more than 20 % higher than previously reported values from other studies of biological treatment of condensate at much lower temperatures.

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Gultom, Evi Depiana. "UJI EFEKTIVITAS GEL KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BANGUN-BANGUN (Coleus amboinicus L.) DAN DAUN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guieensis Jacq) SEBAGAI OBAT LUKA BAKAR TAHUN 2020." Jurnal Penelitian Farmasi & Herbal 3, no. 1 (October 31, 2020): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36656/jpfh.v3i1.320.

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Coleus amboinicus L leaves and Elaeis guieensis Jacq leaves contain various secondary metabolites such as saponins, tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids that function in wound healing. The purpose of this study was to determine the healing effect of burns using a gel preparation combination of ethanolic extract of Coleus amboinicus L. (EECAL) And ethanolic extract of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (EEEGJ) In healing burns. Coleus amboinicus L leaves and Elaeis guieensis Jacq leaves contain are separated from the petiole and then dried in a drying cupboard so that it becomes a simplicia. Simplisia is extracted by maceration method then evaporated with a rotary evaporator and evaporated again on a water bath to produce a thick extract. EECAL and EEEGJ are then formulated into gel preparations with varying concentrations. Each rabbit was shaved on its back then cleaned with 70% alcohol. Furthermore, rabbits were anesthetized using 0.5 ml Lidocain HCL as much as 0.5 ml subcutaneously. Then mark the part that will be injured with a diameter of 2 cm, by lifting the rabbit skin using tweezers and then made a wound using a hot iron plate that has been sterilized beforehand with 70% alcohol. Wound diameter measurements showed that all treatment groups from day 1 to day 20 experienced changes in wound diameter. EECAL 15% and EEEGJ 10% have a more effective effect in healing of burn than in their single form.

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Sari, Rika Puspita. "EFEKTIVITAS SALEP KOMBINASI EKSTRAK DAUN BANGUN – BANGUN (Coleus amboinicus Lour.) DAN DAUN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) SEBAGAI OBAT LUKA SAYAT." Jurnal Penelitian Farmasi & Herbal 3, no. 1 (October 31, 2020): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36656/jpfh.v3i1.317.

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Bangun-bangun leaves and palm leaves contain various secondary metabolites such as tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids which can healing wound. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ointment combination of ethanol extract of leaves of bangun- bangun (Coleus amboinicus Lour.) And ethanol extract of palm leaves (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) In healing wound. The bangun- bangun leaves and the palm leaves are separated from the petiole and then dried in a drying cupboard so that it becomes a simplisia. Simplisia is extracted by maceration method then evaporated with a rotary evaporator and evaporated again on a water bath to produce a thick extract. Thick extracts from the leaves of bangun- bangun and palm leaves are then formulated into ointment preparations with varying concentrations. Each rabbit was shaved on its back then cleaned with 70% alcohol. Furthermore, rabbits were anesthetized using 0.5 ml Lidocain HCL as much as 0.5 ml subcutaneously. Next mark the part that will be injured with a diameter of 2 cm, by lifting the rabbit skin using tweezers and then made a wound using surgical scissors that have been sterilized first with 70% alcohol. Wound diameter measurements showed that all treatment groups from day 1 to day 23 experienced changes in wound diameter. The combination ointment of ethanol extract of leaves wake-up (EEDB) 10% and ethanol extract of palm oil leaves (EEDKS) 10% have a more effective effect in wound healing than single dose.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Evaporator treatment'

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