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Trnavac, Radoslava, Debopam Das, and Maite Taboada. "Discourse relations and evaluation." Corpora 11, no. 2 (August 2016): 169–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cor.2016.0091.
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In this paper, we examine the role of discourse relations (relations between propositions) in the interpretation of evaluative or opinion words. Through a combination of Rhetorical Structure Theory (or RST; Mann and Thompson, 1988 ) and Appraisal Theory ( Martin and White, 2005 ), we analyse how different discourse relations modify the evaluative content of opinion words, and what impact the nucleus–satellite structure in RST has on the evaluation. We conduct a corpus study, examining and annotating over 3,000 evaluative words in fifty movie reviews in the SFU Review Corpus ( Taboada, 2008 ) with respect to five parameters: word category (noun, verb, adjective or adverb), prior polarity (positive, negative or neutral), RST structure (both nucleus–satellite status and relation type) and change of polarity as a result of being part of a discourse relation (Intensify, Downtone, Reversal or No Change). Results show that relations such as Concession, Elaboration, Evaluation, Evidence and Restatement most frequently intensify the polarity of opinion words, although the majority of evaluative words do not undergo changes in their polarity related to the type of relation that they are a part of. We also find that most opinion words (about 70 percent) are positioned in the nucleus, confirming a hypothesis based on the literature that nuclei are the most important units when extracting opinion automatically.
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Bellés-Fortuño, Begoña. "Evaluative language in medical discourse." Languages in Contrast 18, no. 2 (November 28, 2017): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.15018.bel.
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Abstract Academic spoken discourse has been a dominant issue for discourse studies researchers for the last 25 years or so. Different spoken academic genres have been analysed (Swales, 1990, 2004; Berkenkotter and Huckin, 1995; Bhatia, 2001, 2002; Mauranen, 2001; Juzwik, 2004; Crawford-Camiciottoli, 2004, 2007; among others) thanks to the compilation and the easy access to electronic spoken corpora. This study focuses on the genre of lecture as “the central ritual of the culture of learning” (Benson, 1994) in higher education. Here, I analyse the use of evaluative language in medical discourse lectures. A contrastive study between Spanish and English medical lectures is carried out. To my knowledge, little attention has been paid to the analysis of evaluative language in medical discourse. The present study employs a quantitative and a qualitative approach to analyse four Spanish and English medical discourse lectures with an average of 35,000 words. The English lectures have been taken from the Michigan Corpus of Academic and Spoken English (MICASE) and the Spanish lectures have been recorded and transcribed in the Degree in Medicine course at a Spanish university for the purpose of this study. Corpus analysis tools have been used to analyse attitudinal language expressing explicit evaluation. The findings show similarities and also differences in the use of evaluative markers in academic medical discourse.
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Hyland, Ken, and Polly Tse. "Evaluative that constructions." Functions of Language 12, no. 1 (March 22, 2005): 39–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.12.1.03hyl.
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The study of interpersonal features of academic texts, through which writers evaluate their material and engage their readers, has been one of the most productive areas of discourse studies of the past decade. Scholarly writing involves adopting a position and persuading readers of claims, and the linguistic resources used to achieve these goals have been described in terms of evaluation, stance and metadiscourse. A relatively overlooked interpersonal feature however is what we shall call evaluative that constructions, a structure which allows a writer to thematize attitudinal meanings and present an explicit statement of evaluation by presenting a complement clause within a super-ordinate clause. In this paper we explore the disciplinary variations in the frequencies, forms and functions of evaluative that structures in 240 research article abstracts from six disciplines. We find that this structure is widely employed in these abstracts, about once every five sentences, and is an important means of providing author comment and evaluation. Evaluative that therefore helps writers to manage their discourse in various ways and to signal a clear stance towards the information they present.
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Водяницкая, А. А. "RESEARCH METHODS FOR STUDYING EVALUATION: ACADEMIC DISCOURSE PERSPECTIVE." НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ И МЕТОДИКО-ДИДАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ, no. 2(50) (June 16, 2021): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2021.64.94.008.
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Постановка задачи. Работа посвящена изучению традиционных подходов к исследованию оценочных значений и инновационных методов их изучения. Задача исследования заключается в анализе методов изучения оценки, которые можно было бы применить при выявлении оценочной специфики академического дискурса. Результаты. Как показало исследование, оценочные значения, оценка привлекают внимание исследователей различных областей знания, различных дискурсов. По-прежнему открыт вопрос разграничения эмоции, экспрессии и оценки. Тесная связь оценки с ценностями индивида, выносящего оценочное суждение, предполагает возможность ее изучения с позиций аксиологии, тогда как взаимосвязь с психологией позволяет подходить к оценке с точки зрения психологии (например, оценочные стили). Выводы. Комбинация традиционных и инновационных методов позволит выявить онтологические свойства оценки в академическом дискурсе. Речь идет о вербализованных оценочных суждениях, выносимых различными участниками академического дискурса. Вопросы оценочной категоризации, разграничение эмоции и оценки, оценочных стилей участников академического дискурса, привлечение корпуса текстов как источника материала и как инструмента познания представляются релевантными аспектами при изучении оценочной составляющей академического дискурса. Вместе с тем не все методы исследования оценки можно одинаково успешно использовать при изучении оценочной составляющей академического дискурса. Например, метод триады, предложенный Ж. Мартином, который на данном этапе исследован применительно к изучению устного академического дискурса в его специфическом проявлении - в драматическом тексте. Как представляется, данный метод требует более детальной разработки применительно к нехудожественной, повседневной, речи академического дискурса. Problem statement. The paper focuses on the study of traditional approaches evaluations and innovative methods of their study. The objective of the research. is to analyze the methods of studying evaluation that could be applied in identifying the evaluative specifics of academic discourse. Results. The research has revealed that evaluative meanings attract the attention of researchers in various fields of knowledge, various discourses. The question of differentiating emotion, expressive language means and evaluation is still open. The close relationship of assessment with the values of the individual making a value judgment suggests the possibility of studying it from the standpoint of axiology, while the relationship with psychology allows one to approach assessment from the point of view of psychology (for example, evaluative styles). Conclusion. The combination of traditional and innovative methods will reveal the ontological properties of assessment in academic discourse. We are talking about verbalized value judgments made by various participants in academic discourse. Issues of evaluative categorization, differentiation of emotion and evaluation, evaluative styles of participants in academic discourse, corpus-based analysis seem to be relevant aspects in the study of the evaluative component of academic discourse.
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Plemenitaš, Katja. "Framing violence in presidential discourse." Ars & Humanitas 14, no. 1 (June 23, 2020): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ars.14.1.139-155.
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The paper discusses the characteristics of modern American presidential political rhetoric with special reference to Barack Obama’s speeches in which he addressed the highly publicized killings of black Americans. Three of the analysed speeches contain Obama’s rhetorical reaction to the judicial decisions not to indict the police officers responsible for the killings, while one speech gives his immediate reaction to the mass murder of black parishioners by a white supremacist. The study is based on the discourse-linguistic analysis of attitudinal meanings and their functions, which are conceptualized as evaluative frames. Evaluative frames are used to highlight different kinds of discourse participants through judgments of behaviour, attributions of emotions and evaluations of semiotic phenomena and objects. The theoretical framework for the different categories of evaluative frames is based on the theory of news framing and theory of evaluative language within systemic-functional linguistics. The findings of the analysis show that Obama uses an interplay of positive and negative evaluations of different kinds to transcend racial categorizations and avoid a direct attribution of blame. When he acknowledges the continuing relevance of the racial divide in US society, he often applies evaluative frames in such a way that they unify rather than divide the discourse participants on both sides of the divide.
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Mauranen, Anna, and M. Bondi. "Evaluative language use in academic discourse." Journal of English for Academic Purposes 2, no. 4 (January 2003): 269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1475-1585(03)00045-6.
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Tyschenko, Olena, and Martyna Krasucka. "EVALUATIVE LANGUAGE IN BRITISH TOURIST DISCOURSE." Polonia University Scientific Journal 39, no. 2 (2020): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/3915.
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Myskow, Gordon. "A framework for analyzing evaluative language in historical discourse." Functions of Language 25, no. 3 (November 2, 2018): 335–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.15053.mys.
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Abstract History texts are not just disciplinary artefacts for describing, explaining or making arguments about the past. They play a key role in defining present-day group identities and their terms of affiliation. As such, they have generated a great deal of interest among functional linguists interested in how ideology is construed through language. But the ways history texts evaluate the past is not straightforward; they include a complex interplay of discourse participants putting forward a range of views toward the subject-matter. This article presents a framework for investigating evaluative meaning in historical discourse that aims to untangle this complex web of voices, showing how they work together to position readers to take up particular views toward the past. The framework brings together two prominent approaches to the study of evaluation: Martin & White’s (2005) Appraisal framework and Hunston’s (2000) notions of Status Value and Relevance. It posits four levels of evaluation (inter-, super-, extra- and meta-evaluation) that are grounded in insights from the field of historiography and reflect key disciplinary activities of historians.
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Bogetic, Ksenija. "The evaluative dimension of metaphor in discourse: Nn the possibilities of bringing together conceptual metaphor theory and appraisal theory." Juznoslovenski filolog 76, no. 1 (2020): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi2001123b.
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The mechanisms of metaphorical evaluation have to date been little explored in the study of evaluative language and the study of metaphor, despite some earlier attempts to place them more firmly on the linguistic science agenda. The founders of Conceptual Metaphor Theory have argued that metaphor structures thought by influencing not only our understanding of concepts, but also our ability of criticising, evaluating and stance taking (Lakoff, Johnson 1999: 2), which is sporadically mentioned in approaches to linguistic evaluation, but with no theoretical or practical interaction with existing analyses of metaphor in discourse. The present paper explores the nature of metaphorical evaluation, drawing on the example of metaphorical representations of language in newspaper discourse. The analysis of the discourse on language is used to discuss metaphorical evaluation, to empirically examine its prominence in the discourse, and its contribution to the construction of meaning, as well as to discuss the broader theoretical and methodological implications. The findings point to the importance of metaphor in the evaluative subsystem of graduation, seen in the interaction of metaphorical and hyperbolic meanings. More broadly, it is argued that bringing together conceptual metaphor analysis and Appraisal Theory analysis offers a rich theoretical apparatus for socio-cognitive discourse analysis.
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Franzén, Nils. "Evaluative Discourse and Affective States of Mind." Mind 129, no. 516 (October 1, 2019): 1095–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mind/fzz088.
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Abstract It is widely held within contemporary metaethics that there is a lack of linguistic support for evaluative expressivism. On the contrary, it seems that the predictions that expressivists make about evaluative discourse are not borne out. An instance of this is the so-called problem of missing Moorean infelicity. Expressivists maintain that evaluative statements express non-cognitive states of mind in a similar manner to how ordinary descriptive language expresses beliefs. Conjoining an ordinary assertion that p with the denial of being in the corresponding belief state famously gives rise to Moorean infelicity: (i) ?? It’s raining but I don’t believe that it’s raining. If expressivists are right, then conjoining evaluative statements with the denial of being in the relevant non-cognitive state of mind should give rise to similar infelicity. However, as several theorists have pointed out, this does not seem to be the case. Statements like the following are not infelicitous: (ii) Murder is wrong but I don’t disapprove of it. In this paper, I argue that evaluative statements express the kind of states that are attributed by ‘find’-constructions in English and that these states are non-cognitive in nature. This addresses the problem of missing Moorean infelicity and, more generally, goes to show that there are linguistic facts which support expressivism about evaluative discourse.
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Risdaneva, Risdaneva. "EXPLORING INTERPERSONAL INTERACTION IN WRITTEN DISCOURSE." Englisia Journal 2, no. 1 (November 1, 2014): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/ej.v2i1.322.
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The purpose of any discourses, either spoken or written ones, is to communicate the messages to the targeted audiences. Written discourse appears to be the most cau-tious piece of work since it is a product of a well-organised and long-term writing process. To achieve the communicative purpose, an author should interpersonally interact with the targeted readers. The interpersonal interaction can be realised through the use of modalisation to express certainty and uncertainty as well as the use of attitudinal evaluation to evaluate things, events, people, situations and etc. In this case, the analysis of some extracts which are produced as guidelines for the teachers suggest that the written texts are quite convincing and evaluative as well as successful in persuading the readers. This is typical to this genre of discourse as its ultimate goal is to win over the interest of the reader in using the product. In other word, the author tries to make the text convincing and persuasive in order to win over the teachers’ interest in using the textbook in their classrooms.
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Bednarek, Monika. "‘An increasingly familiar tragedy’." Evaluation in text types 15, no. 1 (April 7, 2008): 7–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.15.1.03bed.
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Evaluation — the function and usage of language to express the speaker’s or writer’s opinion — has only relatively recently become the object of systematic linguistic research, for example in stance or appraisal analysis. This paper proposes an alternative, corpus-based approach to evaluation which assumes that there are at least ten different meaning dimensions (parameters) along which speakers can evaluate aspects of the world. This framework helps to explain the complexity of evaluation, and in particular what is here called evaluative interplay or combination: the expression of more than two evaluative parameters at the same time, which can be realized by evaluative conflation (evaluations signalled by one and the same linguistic item) and evaluative collocation (evaluations signalled by different linguistic items). Both the parameter-based framework and evaluative interplay are illustrated with a number of examples from authentic discourse (mostly from British newspapers).
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Starostina, Julia S. "Linguoaxiosphere of Society and Personality in American Drama Discourse." Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, no. 1(2021) (March 25, 2021): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2021-1-203-213.
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The article presents the results of the study devoted to the linguistic axiological analysis of the XXI century American drama discourse. Contemporary drama discourse, due to its special linguistic status, is a space for verbal representation of characters’ individual axiological trajectories, the analysis of which contributes to determining the values, which are relevant for society as a whole. The aim of the study is to systematize the dynamic structural and content elements of drama characters’ personal axiological spheres and to define their involvement in the piece of social value paradigm, which has its linguistic reflection in modern American drama. The empirical research is based on the texts of the plays written by American playwrights in 2015-2020. Individual linguistic axiological spheres are examined in terms of flexible hierarchical structures, the dynamism of which is determined by the characters’ life experience. The method of linguistic axiological interpretation based on the combination of axiological analysis and discourse analysis is applied to show that the structure of individual linguistic axiological spheres presented in the contemporary American drama discourse is a simplified version of the social linguistic axiological sphere; it has fewer value dominants and evaluative vectors while preserving the diversity of linguistic means of evaluative representation. Linguistic marking of characters’ individual axiological spheres occurs with the help of evaluative utterances, which include evaluative lexemes. Their frequency is characterized by quantitative and qualitative fluctuations in the speech of different communicants and is predetermined by the evaluative potential of the word semantics. In American drama discourse, the individual axiological sphere has a linguistic representation not only in personal evaluative remarks, but also in the personage’s reaction to other people’s value judgments, as well as in the utterances where the object of evaluation is the character himself/herself. The discrepancy between the content-based evaluative vectors or the difference in the position of personal value dominants within individual linguistic axiological hierarchies can lead to communication failures. As a result of the linguistic axiological interpretation of individual linguistic axiological trajectories, represented in American dramatic discourse of the XXI century, a fragment of the current American social linguistic axiological sphere is identified, and the central value dominants are highlighted.
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Al-Ameedi, Riyadh T. K., and Sadiq M. K. Al Shamiri. "Biblical Evaluative Discourse of Speech and Thought Presentation." International Journal of English Linguistics 8, no. 3 (February 10, 2018): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n3p223.
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The study aims to highlight the evaluative strategies associated with the Biblical modes of speech and thought presentation. An eclectic pragma-stylistic model of analysis is developed to test the validity of the hypotheses that the targeted modes of discourse are almost always internally and/or externally evaluated by the narrator, and that the reportive modes of speech and thought are evaluative in respect to the quotative modes. The study arrived to the conclusion that different modes of speech and thought are exploited in building narrative genres. These modes form two interrelated types of discourse: quotative and reportive. Four modes contribute to the occurrence of the quotative discourse which are direct speech, free direct speech, direct thought, and free direct thought. The reportive discourse occurs when using one of the reportive modes which include indirect speech, free indirect speech, narrative report of speech act, narrator’s representation of voice, indirect thought, free indirect thought, narrative report of thought act, and internal narration. When employed in the targeted Biblical discourse, the quotative and reportive modes are often evaluated by the Biblical narrator. Evaluations of this kind implicate additional meanings and affect reader’s interpretation of the represented speeches or thoughts. The Biblical reportive modes are often evaluative in respect to the quotative ones. The Biblical narrator’s internal, external, and interactional evaluative strategies contribute to the occurrence of the Biblical evaluative discourse of speech and thought presentation.
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Fadly, Ahmad. "EVALUATIVE LANGUAGE IN THE DISCOURSE OF CEBONG VS KAMPRET (‘TADPOLE VS MICROBATS’) ON TWITTER." BAHTERA : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 19, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/bahtera.191.01.
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As an interactive social media, Twitter gives significat role in creating social systems. Evaluative language was intensively used on the social media. The Cebong vs Kampret issue coloured on Twitter and polarized people. By using data Tweet and Reply from Twitter during 2019 this researcher investigates evaluative language. This research results that Twitter community were very emotionally force and defense on the Cebong vs Kampret issue, depicted from many evaluative languages classified into subsystem attitude. Subsystem graduation was also intensively used in accordance to that issue. It means that Twitter community emphasized on semantic scale in evaluating things and person.
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Shilikhina, Ksenia. "Multiple voices in ironic discourse." Language and Dialogue 3, no. 2 (September 3, 2013): 186–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ld.3.2.03shi.
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This article brings together the concept of dialogue in the Bakhtinian sense and the concept of irony with the aim to show how irony emerges in texts as a result of the dialogic interaction of voices. Two issues are discussed: first, evaluation as a regular and ubiquitous component of discourse. The polyphonic structure of a text or an utterance can signal evaluative meaning; multivoicedness functions as a marker of the narrator’s stance, especially if the voices juxtapose or incohere with each other. Second, incoherence as the trigger of ironic interpretation. Incoherence can emerge as a result of the confrontation of voices in the texts. To create a misaligned polyphonic structure, writers employ various techniques, from direct quotation to free indirect discourse. My intention is to show that ironic evaluation can be a reasonable explanation for the cacophonic interaction of voices in the polyphonic structure of the text.
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Ryabova, Anna. "Language and Discourse: Teaching Methods for Modern Discourse." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 9, no. 3 (May 28, 2020): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9103-2020-59-63.
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Discourse is a phenomenon that reflects the unique features of the recipient’s cultural and geopolitical affiliation. The purpose of the study is to reveal and identify the linguistic representation of critical discourse. The language tools used as the evaluative category of journalistic discourse are examined and highlighted. The teaching methods chosen to view the tools targeted at influencing the recipient are described. The relevance of the study is connected with the importance to learn the requirements of the modern discourse construction and the growing interest in the language communication impact on the assessment of the world events. The diversity of political discourse expressions is analyzed. The elements of the discourse comparative study are included, which allows us to trace the principles of discourse design by representatives of different cultures. The methods of discourse teaching aimed at critical thinking development and the proper argumentation choice are emphasized and examined.
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Rajab Ebrahim, Hallat. "Producing Good Stories in English As A Foreign Language: Analysis of The Kurdish Efl Learners’ Oral “frog Story” Narratives." Journal Of Duhok University 23, no. 2 (December 19, 2020): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26682/hjuod.2020.23.2.2.
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By focusing on the structural elements particularly the evaluative devices by (Labov & Waletzky, 1967) and (Peterson & McCabe, 1991), this study examined how the Kurdish participants’ narrative discourse deviate from the target language discourse, and how this deviation is explained in line with the cultural discourse strategies in both types of discourse (Kurdish and English). This study analyzed the frog narratives told by the EFL Kurdish participants (in Kurdish and English) and the American speakers with special attention on the narrative length, narrative structure and evaluative devices. The findings from the T-test and MANOVA statistics revealed cross-cultural patterns of differences between the narratives told by the Kurdish and the American speakers. Generally, the narratives told by the American participants were longer than those told by the Kurdish participants in both Kurdish and English. The American speakers elicited narratives with frequent evaluation. Conversely, the Kurdish participants constructed narratives with higher number of durative (descriptive) clauses, orientation and repetition.
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Benamara, Farah, Maite Taboada, and Yannick Mathieu. "Evaluative Language Beyond Bags of Words: Linguistic Insights and Computational Applications." Computational Linguistics 43, no. 1 (April 2017): 201–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00278.
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The study of evaluation, affect, and subjectivity is a multidisciplinary enterprise, including sociology, psychology, economics, linguistics, and computer science. A number of excellent computational linguistics and linguistic surveys of the field exist. Most surveys, however, do not bring the two disciplines together to show how methods from linguistics can benefit computational sentiment analysis systems. In this survey, we show how incorporating linguistic insights, discourse information, and other contextual phenomena, in combination with the statistical exploitation of data, can result in an improvement over approaches that take advantage of only one of these perspectives. We first provide a comprehensive introduction to evaluative language from both a linguistic and computational perspective. We then argue that the standard computational definition of the concept of evaluative language neglects the dynamic nature of evaluation, in which the interpretation of a given evaluation depends on linguistic and extra-linguistic contextual factors. We thus propose a dynamic definition that incorporates update functions. The update functions allow for different contextual aspects to be incorporated into the calculation of sentiment for evaluative words or expressions, and can be applied at all levels of discourse. We explore each level and highlight which linguistic aspects contribute to accurate extraction of sentiment. We end the review by outlining what we believe the future directions of sentiment analysis are, and the role that discourse and contextual information need to play.
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Yan Eureka Ho, Sin, and Peter Crosthwaite. "Exploring stance in the manifestos of 3 candidates for the Hong Kong Chief Executive election 2017: Combining CDA and corpus-like insights." Discourse & Society 29, no. 6 (October 8, 2018): 629–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926518802934.
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While much work has been done on the textual analysis of political discourses in Western countries, relatively little has focused on electoral manifestos in the East. Manifestos are open extensive declarations of individual ideologies for campaigns, comprising small texts in terms of word count but with massive implications for voters’ perception of the candidates’ political leanings. Focusing on the manifestos produced by the three candidates for the Hong Kong Chief Executive Election 2017, this article compares the linguistic features of the written political evaluative stances of the candidates. Combining critical discourse analysis using the APPRAISAL model, with analyses traditionally associated with corpus linguistics including log-likelihood keyword analysis and statistically driven visualisations, we find clear differences between the candidates in terms of the allocation of evaluative resources in their manifestos, representative of the perceived evaluative stance of candidate. Our findings justify the use of corpus linguistic techniques as a complement to critical discourse analysis, even in data with small word counts (<5000), in situations where nuanced, micro-managed selection of language resources is crucial to the perception of stance in very high-stakes contexts.
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Fage-Butler, Antoinette. "Improving patient information leaflets: Developing and applying an evaluative model of patient centeredness for text." Communication and Medicine 10, no. 2 (March 11, 2014): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cam.v10i2.105.
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The purpose of this paper is to present an evaluative model of patient-centredness for text and to illustrate how this can be applied to patient information leaflets (PILs) that accompany medication in the European Union. Patients have criticized PILs for sidelining their experiences, knowledge and affective needs, and denying their individuality. The health communication paradigm of patient-centredness provides valuable purchase on these issues, taking its starting point in the dignity and integrity of the patient as a person. Employing this evaluative model involves two stages. First, a Foucauldian Discourse Analysis is performed of sender and receiver and of the main discourses in PILs. These aspects are then evaluated using the perspectives of patient-centredness theory relating to the medical practitioner, patient and content. The evaluative model is illustrated via a PIL for medication for depression and panic attacks. Evaluation reveals a preponderance of biomedical statements, with a cluster of patient-centred statements primarily relating to the construction of the patient. The paper contributes a new method and evaluative approach to PIL and qualitative health research, as well as outlining a method that facilitates the investigation of interdiscursivity, a recent focus of critical genre analysis.
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Pontrandolfo, Gianluca, and Stanisław Goźdź-Roszkowski. "Exploring the Local Grammar of Evaluation: The Case of Adjectival Patterns in American and Italian Judicial Discourse." Research in Language 12, no. 1 (March 30, 2014): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rela-2014-0014.
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Based on a 2-million word bilingual comparable corpus of American and Italian judgments, this paper tests the applicability of a local grammar to study evaluative phraseology in judicial discourse in English and Italian. In particular, the study compares the use of two patterns: v-link + ADJ + that pattern / copula + ADJ + che and v-link + ADJ + to-infinitive pattern / copula + ADJ + verbo all’infinito in the disciplinary genre of criminal judgments delivered by the US Supreme Court and the Italian Corte Suprema di Cassazione. It is argued that these two patterns represent a viable and efficient diagnostic tool for retrieving instances of evaluative language and they represent an ideal starting point and a relevant unit of analysis for a cross-language analysis of evaluation in domainrestricted specialised discourse. Further, the findings provided shed light on important interactions occurring among major interactants involved in the judicial discourse.
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Starostina, Iulia, and Antonina Kharkovskaya. "Axiological Aspects of Stylized English Communication: Developing a System of Positive Evaluation Language." Nizhny Novgorod Linguistics University Bulletin, no. 52 (December 30, 2020): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2020-52-4-66-80.
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Positive assessment in English communication performs a fundamentally significant function, linking informative fragments, contributing to the productive development of communication, and supporting the principle of communicative cooperation. The choice of positive evaluative language, as well as auxiliary means of modeling the positive evaluative potential of an utterance, often determines the success of the communicative situation. The aim of the study, the results of which are presented in the article, was to systematize English positive evaluative remarks with subsequent qualitative and quantitative analysis of frequency of lexical axiological markers and expressive syntactic constructions in the context of the discourse parameters in the stylized communicative space. The material of the research is presented by positive evaluative utterances within the framework of stylized English communication, represented by the drama discourse. Despite a certain artistic transformation of colloquial speech in the context of drama, the latter reliably reflects the general use of evaluative structures in everyday speech, since stylized communication borrows the most typical from the natural and fixes it in the most common form. The study has enabled the authors to develop a system of positive linguoaxiological markers, which includes three classes of linguoaxiological means, depending on their belonging to the language level; as well as functional and semantic potential of positive-evaluative linguistic means in terms of discourse analysis. Special attention was paid to the linguistic means of intensifying and de-intensifying the evaluative potential of a remark, which allows communicants to model an expressive message plan depending on the discursive characteristics of the communicative situation. Thus, the analysis of the positive evaluative aspect of stylized English communication made it possible to fully represent the entire range of positive evaluative means that communicants have, which provides an opportunity to express not only a general positive view of the object, but also to convey the nuances and shades of evaluative attitudes. In this regard, the presented algorithm of research analysis can be used for further systemic studies of axiological parameters of other discourse practices.
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Pérez Blanco, María. "The construction of attitudinal stance." Languages in Contrast 16, no. 1 (March 3, 2016): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.16.1.02per.
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This paper is a corpus-based contrastive study of the realization of negative attitudinal stance in English and Spanish discourse through the use of evaluative adjectives. The main aim of the study is to analyse and compare the grammatical patterns in which negative evaluative adjectives occur in each language and discuss the observed cross-linguistic differences in terms of the effects that alternative linguistic realizations have in the construction of evaluative discourse. The working procedure follows a contrastive analysis methodology: description of empirical data, juxtaposition and contrast. The descriptive data have been extracted from a large comparable corpus of English and Spanish newspaper opinion discourse. The study has revealed interesting similarities and differences in the construction of Attitude in each language, which are inferred by contrasting its surface structural features.
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Heisler, Troy, Diane Vincent, and Annie Bergeron. "Evaluative metadiscursive comments and face-work in conversational discourse." Journal of Pragmatics 35, no. 10-11 (October 2003): 1613–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-2166(03)00051-1.
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Lapadat, Judith C. "Evaluative Discourse and Achievement Motivation: Students' Perceptions and Theories." Language and Education 14, no. 1 (March 2000): 37–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500780008666778.
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Yang, Wenhsien. "Evaluative language and interactive discourse in journal article highlights." English for Specific Purposes 42 (April 2016): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2016.01.001.
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Lewis, Diana M. "Discourse patterns in the development of discourse markers in English." Discourse linguistics: Theory and practice 21, no. 1 (April 7, 2014): 95–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.21.1.06lew.
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The role of discourse frequency in the development of two English connectives is explored, in the context of recent work emphasizing the role of syntagmatic relations in language change and suggesting that it is constructions, rather than lexical items, which grammaticalize. The development of sub-constructions with in fact and at least are traced in a quantitative study based on corpora of formal and informal historical English. Each case involves an adverbial undergoing functional split as the clausal structure in which it is used becomes aligned with different discourse (sub-)constructions. In fact becomes both contrastive and elaborative; at least becomes evaluative and reformulative. It is shown how the adverbial expression in each case becomes compressed and more abstract, so that its informational weight is reduced, and how the English principle of end focus pushes it increasingly towards clause-initial position, resulting in alignment with the connective construction.
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Бойко and Galina Boyko. "Communicants’ Personal World in the Verbal Texture of the Interpreted Discourse." Modern Communication Studies 3, no. 3 (June 10, 2014): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/4296.
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The paper is devoted to the linguistic representation of the communicants’
individual inner world. German narrative discourse is viewed as the center
of different evaluative cognitive worlds, which create a poliphony of points
of view and evaluative attitudes. The author gives examples of verbal reflection
of the axiological orientations change predetermined by sociocultural
causes.
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Li, Jing, Lei Lei, and Le Cheng. "Mapping Evaluation, Appraisal and Stance in Discourse (2000–2015): A Bibliometric Analysis." Glottotheory 10, no. 1-2 (February 25, 2020): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/glot-2019-0002.
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AbstractThe present study employs a bibliometric analysis to examine the research trends in the field of evaluation, appraisal and stance. The bibliometric information of publications between 2000 and 2015 was retrieved from the Web of Science SSCI Core Collection database. The indicators analyzed include the number of publications by year, most frequently explored topics, most cited works, major individual contributors, publication venues, distribution among countries/regions and institutions. Our findings showed that the annual publications increased dramatically, revealing an upward trend in this research field. The results concerning the most frequently addressed topics suggested that EAP has been a fruitful domain in terms of the evaluative dimension of discourse. Besides, future research will feature more discipline-specific and language-specific empirical studies and comparative cross-linguistic studies. Pedagogical applications of evaluation research also need to be explored. Citation results indicated that the groundbreaking monographs in this field generate the highest citation counts, and that the most cited works cover a variety of sub-fields of linguistics, which may further prove the heterogeneous nature of the evaluative dimension of language.
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Zimina, E. A. "LEXICAL METHODS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EVALUATION CATEGORIES IN THE GERMAN NEWSPAPER DISCOURSE." Title in english 17, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2019-1-17-19-25.
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Te article is focused on the most effective lexical ways that serve to create evaluation in the news and comments of the electronic German press. Pragmatic adequacy, which is determined by the interaction of the evaluation component and content, specifes the requirement for the effectiveness and efciency of communication between the recipient and the target audience. Te article describes the examples of metaphors expressing implicit evaluation in the texts of publicistic discourse. Conceptual metaphor is effectively used in newspapers with pragmatic purposes, aiming at transforming the worldview of the addressee. Vivid images created by evaluative metaphors exert a psychological affect on the mind; impose a distorted idea of reality, not coinciding with the one of the recipient, which ultimately leads to the information perceived at a desired angle. Te article analyzes the metaphorical meanings of military, medical and theatrical terms, emphasizes their ability to express the implicit evaluative judgments of the addressee and influence public opinion. Successful political metaphor has argumentative and heuristic potential; it forms the attitude to reality in question.
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Evlasev, Aleksandr Petrovich, and Larisa Alekseevna Sychugova. "The peculiarities of functionality of evaluative lexis in the English-language political discourse (on the text of US mass media)." Litera, no. 12 (December 2020): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2020.12.34377.
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This article is dedicated to examination of the questions of functionality of evaluative lexis in political discourse of the United States. The relevance of the topic is substantiated by the heightened interests of research towards the peculiarities of expressing evaluative meanings in various types of discourse. In modern linguistics, the analysis of functionality of evaluative lexis in the political discourse is of unequivocal interest, since axiological interpretation significantly affects the life of modern society. Research methodology is comprised of the work of such Russian linguists as I. S. Alekseeva, A. A. Ufimtseva, T. A. Znamenskaya, N. D. Arutyunova, and others. Special attention is given to the method of realization of negative evaluations. The goal of this article consists in the methods of expression of evaluative meanings s using stylistic means, as the language is an effective weapon in the world of politics. The political texts of US mass media served as the material for this research due to the fact that mass media influence the formation of public opinion, the course of political discussions and referendums, rating of political and public figures, political parties, and public organizations. The conducted analysis demonstrates that the US political discourse includes different lexical and stylistic means applied for exertion of ideological influence, as well as formation of certain attitudes on certain realities of political life among the recipients.
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Kots, T. A. "Communicative-pragmatic foundations of modern journalistic discourse: axiological approach." Movoznavstvo 317, no. 2 (April 20, 2021): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33190/0027-2833-317-2021-2-004.
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The article clarifies the constant and variable communicative-pragmatic features of modern journalistic discourse, which is formed by texts created taking into account the relevant areas of communicative activity of society, communicative situations and the dynamics of extralingual factors. It is shown that the content of the text is encoded by means of the national language, a common fund of knowledge of the author and the recipient, which is constantly expanding and changing. The function of influencing the mass consciousness of the society of modern WMCs is made possible by evaluative linguistic means, in the very nature of which the possibility of modeling not only reality but also the ideological principles necessary for the establishment of social thinking in society is inherent. Journalistic texts testify to the functioning of logical (rational) and emotional (irrational) evaluation. Logical objective thoughts, and emotional — the feelings of the subject to the object (person, object, phenomenon, event, etc.). Positive or negative semantic scale of evaluation of journalistic discourse is formed in accordance with certain social, national-cultural, moral values in society. The defining feature of the language of mass media is the functioning of evaluative transformed precedent expressions, which, ensuring the longevity of cultural and intellectual experience of the people, reflect trends in the semantic system of language and are synchronous time markers of social trends of the day. Negative evaluation in journalistic texts can acquire signs of language aggression — destructive use of expressive language means to express contempt, hostility, hostility, threats to the addressee. Its units are stylistically marked language means (invectives, crude expressions). Changing the value paradigm at the turn of the XX – XXI centuries affects the language consciousness of Ukrainians, causes the activation of clearly nationally marked units, intralinguistic search for techniques and means of creating journalistic flavor, the realization of the potential of the language.
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Kahane, Guy. "Must Metaethical Realism Make a Semantic Claim?" Journal of Moral Philosophy 10, no. 2 (2013): 148–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/174552412x628869.
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Mackie drew attention to the distinct semantic and metaphysical claims made by metaethical realists, arguing that although our evaluative discourse is cognitive and objective, there are no objective evaluative facts. This distinction, however, also opens up a reverse possibility: that our evaluative discourse is antirealist, yet objective values do exist. I suggest that this seemingly far-fetched possibility merits serious attention; realism seems committed to its intelligibility, and, despite appearances, it isn’t incoherent, ineffable, inherently implausible or impossible to defend. I argue that reflection on this possibility should lead us to revise our understanding of the debate between realists and antirealists. It is not only that the realist’s semantic claim is insufficient for realism to be true, as Mackie argued; it’s not even necessary. Robust metaethical realism is best understood as making a purely metaphysical claim. It is thus not enough for antirealists to show that our discourse is antirealist. They must directly attack the realist’s metaphysical claim.
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Levko, Oleksandr. "AXIOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS OF THE BIBLE CONCEPT HUMILITY IN UKRAINIAN POLITICAL MEDIA DISCOURSE." Actual issues of Ukrainian linguistics: theory and practice 34 (2017): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apultp.2017.34.18-29.
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The article analyses the evaluation of the concept HUMILITY in the Ukrainian political media discourse with the particular focus on comparative investigation of the "humility words" semantics, based on the religious and political publications of the internet portals "Dzerkalo tyzhnja", "Ukrajinskyj Tyzhden", "Ukrajinska Pravda", "Gazeta po-ukrajinsky" and "Viche". It is established that Christian value of humility acquires ambiguous evaluative semantics in the modern media discourse. It is demonstrated that the words of humility are mostly used with negative connotations in political media texts. Particularly, the word "humble" is shown to have the following meanings as "weak", "inactive", "passive", "compliant", "weak-willed", "powerless". It is noted that the words of humility may be used as one of the means of hierarchs' discrediting for their outward humility. It is also revealed that the word "humility" acquires positive evaluative semantics when used to convey the meanings "not overestimating one's accomplishments and abilities", "not exaggerating one's traits", "adequate self-assessment", "restrain of one's ambitions", "avoidance of arrogance and boastfulness".
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Katermina, Veronika. "MANIPULATIVE POTENTIAL OF VOCATIVES IN PEDAGOGICAL DISCOURSE." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 1 (May 26, 2017): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2017vol1.2359.
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Forms of vocatives in a speech define a communicative intention of an utterance, indicating a definite addressee. In the process of communication a vocative is a means of creation a special communicative environment consisting of participants of a conversation. By that it defines a line which connects a sender and a recipient of information as well as being a means of the beginning of the communicative process, keeping it up, changing its course either positively or negatively. Vocatives are actively used in a dialogue to attract attention of an interlocutor as well as for further focus of an utterance. It may be used in different manipulative ways (for example, while communicating with a large number of pupils vocatives may serve as a means to draw attention of a recipient or to single out the personality of a pupil). Vocatives in pedagogical discourse may be expressed by proper names and surnames. A vocative with emotional and evaluative suffixes, evaluative adjectives or nouns, possessive pronouns becomes more expressive. They create a more subjective character while qualifying an addressee and by this they become a source of anthropocentricity, representation of a “humane factor” in the language.
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Mischo, Christoph. "The role of cognition in reacting to argumentative unfairness." Pragmatics and Cognition 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2003): 241–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.11.2.04mis.
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When confronted with unfair contributions in an argumentative discourse, participants evaluate these contributions negatively and show emotional and verbal reactions. These reactions may be crucial for further discourse and may depend on cognitive evaluation. In order to investigate the relationship between cognitive, emotional and verbal responses to unfair contributions, such contributions were embedded in argumentational episodes and presented to participants in written, auditory or role play modality. The application of a path model relating indicators of cognitive, emotional and verbal reactions, demonstrated that the intensity of emotional reactions depends on evaluative cognitions (severity of the rule violation and the offender’s perceived awareness), whereas verbal confrontativeness merely depends on the offender’s perceived awareness. The results are discussed with respect to methodological and theoretical issues.
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Vodyanitskaya, Albina A. "EVALUATIVE MEANS IN ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE FRAMWORK OF ACADEMIC DISCOURSE." Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (Linguistics), no. 5 (2020): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-712x-2020-5-58-73.
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Nikitochkina, Iryna. "FUNCTION, SEMANTICS AND PRAGMATICS OF EVALUATIVE ADJECTIVES IN FICTIONAL DISCOURSE." EUREKA: Social and Humanities 6 (November 30, 2017): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2017.00492.
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Gordienko, Elena V. "Decoding Evaluative Senses in the Discourse of English Mass Media." Proceedings of Southern Federal University. Philology 2020, no. 2 (June 22, 2020): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1995-0640-2020-2-87-96.
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The research considers the study of the media texts devoted to the topic of burning political-military conflict issues as exemplified in the UK and the US quality and popular press. The clarification of the term ‘conflict’ employed in this study is given. The importance of the opposition ‘we-they’ while describing any conflict is underlined. It is highlighted that the above mentioned category is realized on various language levels, namely, those of lexical, morphological, and syntactic ones. The conclusion is drawn that one of the means for the introduction of an evaluation meaning into a media text is quantification of evaluation frames.
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Doty, Kathleen L. "Telling tales." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 8, no. 1 (January 30, 2007): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.8.1.03dot.
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This study examines the practices of scribes who recorded the examinations of those accused of witchcraft in Salem in 1692. The data consists of 68 records of examinations held between March and October 1692 and in January 1693. Each record is coded for two features: use of contextual commentary and evaluative adjectives or adverbs which suggest attitudes and values of the scribes and reflect the pragmatic context. Records are also coded according to presentation in direct discourse or reported discourse. Records presented in direct discourse and those occurring in the early period of the trials contain the greatest number of both contextual commentary and evaluative/subjective adjectives or adverbs. The analysis reveals that the majority of the records are written by four identified scribes.
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Starostina, Yu S. "Axiological Potential of Metaphors in Modern English Drama." Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 26, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2020-26-4-128-135.
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The article is devoted to axiological marking of speech metaphors in English stylized communication within drama discourse. Modern drama discourse, being the discursive space of its own status, unites the characteristics of belle-lettres discourse and colloquial speech, due to which the traditional linguistic markers of fiction obtain new meanings. While embedding into the context of stylized communication, metaphors significantly extend their functional paradigm, the centre of which is now taken by axiological function with expressive and emotive actualization. The article is aimed at systematization and linguistic interpretation of speech metaphors in English-language drama with the purpose of adequate determination of their evaluative potential and their role in linguistic representation of linguocultural axiosphere. The axiological nature of metaphors as their leading characteristic in the English-language drama has not previously been the subject of a separate linguistic study. The empirical base of the research includes 200 metaphors and metaphorical complexes recorded in modern English-language plays; the method of complex linguoaxiological interpretation was employed as the main one. In the course of the study, the boundaries of structural variation of axiological metaphors in the English-language drama discourse were determined and their leading patterns were identified, such as one-component metaphorical nominations, multi-component metaphorical nominations and metaphorical complexes. Besides, the types of thematic transfers of speech metaphors were determined, with attention being paid to the implementation of their evaluative function in the utterance. The defined system of evaluative objects within metaphorical evaluative statements allowed to identify the components of English linguocultural axiosphere which are conceptualized in drama with the help of various structural and thematic metaphorical types, namely 'family', 'intellect', 'truth'. Each of these axiological dominants acts as a value guideline in the English-language linguoculture being linguistically marked by a certain set of metaphors fulfilling their interdiscoursive evaluative potential
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Ho, Victor. "Evaluative prosodies in academic quality audit reports." Functions of Language 23, no. 3 (December 31, 2016): 336–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.23.3.03ho.
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This paper analyzes the discourse of academic quality audit reports by drawing upon Appraisal Theory (Martin & White 2005). It focuses on the evaluative prosodies in the discourse leading up to the three main components of the reports, namely commendations, affirmations, and recommendations. These reports are prepared by the audit panels formed by the Quality Assurance Council of the University Grants Committee of Hong Kong upon the completion of academic quality audit visits to each of the city’s eight publicly-funded tertiary institutions. This paper argues that such evaluative prosodies, or the pattern of use of evaluative language, are strategically employed by the audit panels in an attempt to strike a balance between three needs: (1) to discharge their quality assurance responsibilities with their power vested by the Hong Kong Government through the University Grants Committee; (2) to maintain and/or reinforce a credible ethos for the panels themselves; and (3) to attend to the face wants of the institutions and the stakeholders concerned.
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ten Wolde, Elnora. "Linear vs. hierarchical: Two accounts of premodification in the of-binominal noun phrase." Linguistics 57, no. 2 (March 26, 2019): 283–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2019-0002.
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AbstractPremodification patterns play a central role in the categorization of of-binominals in general, and particularly in the grammaticalization of the evaluative binominal noun phrase (a beast of a man) into an evaluative modifier (a beast of a Hollywood year), where the first noun functions as an extreme modifier. This paper compares a linear, construction-based account of the premodification patterns of the evaluative binominal noun phrase, evaluative modifier, and other historically related of-binominals to a hierarchical account in Functional Discourse Grammar in order to investigate in what way each theory captures and accounts for these patterns. The paper comprises two parts: First, based on a zone-based premodification model, an empirical study of the synchronic premodification distributional patterns of these of-binominals is presented. Second, the paper discusses a Functional Discourse Grammar explanation of the findings. In the conclusion, the theoretical implications of the explanations of these patterns in the two approaches are discussed.
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Ma, Lai, and Michael Ladisch. "Evaluation complacency or evaluation inertia? A study of evaluative metrics and research practices in Irish universities." Research Evaluation 28, no. 3 (April 16, 2019): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/reseval/rvz008.
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Abstract Evaluative metrics have been used for research assessment in most universities and funding agencies with the assumption that more publications and higher citation counts imply increased productivity and better quality of research. This study investigates the understanding and perceptions of metrics, as well as the influences and implications of the use of evaluative metrics on research practices, including choice of research topics and publication channels, citation behavior, and scholarly communication in Irish universities. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with researchers from the humanities, the social sciences, and the sciences in various career stages. Our findings show that there are conflicting attitudes toward evaluative metrics in principle and in practice. The phenomenon is explained by two concepts: evaluation complacency and evaluation inertia. We conclude that evaluative metrics should not be standardized and institutionalized without a thorough examination of their validity and reliability and without having their influences on academic life, research practices, and knowledge production investigated. We also suggest that an open and public discourse should be supported for the discussion of evaluative metrics in the academic community.
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García-Villalba, María Paz, and Patrick Saint-Dizier. "A Framework to Extract Arguments in Opinion Texts." International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence 6, no. 3 (July 2012): 62–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcini.2012070104.
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In this article, the authors present foundational elements related to argument extraction in opinion texts with the objective to design a model of how consumers develop argumentation in such texts. A second goal is to analyze and synthesize user preferences and therefore user value systems from these arguments. They show that (1) within the context of opinionated expressions, a number of evaluative expressions with a ‘heavy’ semantic load receive an argumentative interpretation, and (2) that the association of an evaluative expression with a discourse structure such as an elaboration, an illustration, or a reformulation must also be interpreted as an argument. The authors develop a conceptual semantics of these discourse structures and show how they are analyzed using the Dislog programming language, running on the <TextCoop> platform, dedicated to discourse analysis.
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Berracheche, Anissa. "Appraisal and Party Positioning in Parliamentary Debates: A Usage-Based Critical Discourse Analysis." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 6 (October 8, 2020): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n6p322.
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This article presents a corpus-driven study of evaluative discourses surrounding asylum seekers in parliamentary debates. It explores how Australian political parties have expressed unfavorable attitudes toward asylum seekers. These attitudes are operationalized by implementing Martin and White’s appraisal framework, which comprises affectual (affect), ethical (judgment), and aesthetic (appreciation) values. The findings reveal that the subcategories of affect, judgment, and appreciation are strategically deployed by both right- and left-wing parties. The right-wing discourse, conveying ethical values, emphasizes the difference between “in” and “out” groups, whereas the left-wing discourse, engaged in affectual values, demonstrates their humanitarian side. The study has also a methodological focus, namely, testing the feasibility of the behavioral profile approach in critical discourse analysis to obtain more replicable and reliable quantitative results. The method consists of the manual annotation of the corpus and multivariate statistical analysis.
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Xing, Li. "From 'Politics in Command' to 'Economics in Command': A Discourse Analysis of China's Transformation." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 18 (August 30, 2005): 65–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v18i0.20.
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This article proposes a framework for understanding the way the Chinese Revolution emerged, developed and achieved power (1921-49), then further consolidated in the period of socialist 'uninterrupted revolution' (1949-77) and was finally abandoned by the post-Mao regime (1977 to the present). This analysis is based on a perspective of discourse theories framed in historically new forms of political, social and ideological relations. In other words, it attempts to conceptualize the transformation of China and the Chinese Communist Party by analysing the role of ideological discourses (arguments and interpretations) and the cognitive elements (beliefs, goals, desires, expertise, knowledge) as the driving-force behind societal transformations. The discourse theory applied here – logocentrism and econocentrism – also serves both as a political arena of struggle to confer legitimacy on a specific socio-political project and as a distinctive cog ni tive and evaluative framework for understanding societal transformations. The conceptualization of the paper is informed by the work
of David Apter and Tony Saich on discourse theory.
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Chebotar, Tetyana. "Hyperbolisation in the political discourse of D. Trump." Scientific review, no. 5(77)2021 (August 30, 2021): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26886/scientificreview.2311-4517.5(77)2021.2.
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The article analyzes the peculilarities of hyperbolization as a characteristic rhetorical technique in the political discourse of Donald Trump, which was used by the politician with persuasive and manipulative purposes. The features of hyperbolized positive self-presentation in Trump's discourse were described, namely the use of numerous superlatives, positive evaluative constructions, lexical units with superlative semantics, emotionally-colored epithets and intensifiers when describing numerical values.
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Carr, Georgia, and Monika Bednarek. "Beyond risk and safety? Identifying shifts in sex education advice targeted at young women." Discourse & Society 30, no. 3 (March 8, 2019): 225–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926519828029.
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This study investigates changes in sex education advice from the 1990s to the 2010s. Our research is based on the analysis of an 88,000 word corpus of advice columns from Dolly, a beauty, lifestyle and celebrity magazine aimed at Australian girls. The data are taken from 1994, 1995, 2014 and 2015, with both decades compared against each other to identify any potential shifts in sex education advice. The study combines corpus linguistic techniques with analysis of evaluative language (appraisal). Our analysis reveals a preoccupation with sexual health in the 1990s, shifting to a preoccupation with mental health in the 2010s. We identify a discourse of risk and safety and a discourse of pleasure in the 1990s, and medicalising and normalising discourses of mental health in the 2010s. We also consider interactions between question and answer in the advice pages, to better understand how discourses are introduced and negotiated in such written dialogic texts.