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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Evaluation procedures'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Pooley, Michael. "Computer automation of land evaluation procedures." Thesis, Aston University, 1989. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14294/.

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This study was concerned with the computer automation of land evaluation. This is a broad subject with many issues to be resolved, so the study concentrated on three key problems: knowledge based programming; the integration of spatial information from remote sensing and other sources; and the inclusion of socio-economic information into the land evaluation analysis. Land evaluation and land use planning were considered in the context of overseas projects in the developing world. Knowledge based systems were found to provide significant advantages over conventional programming techniques for some aspects of the land evaluation process. Declarative languages, in particular Prolog, were ideally suited to integration of social information which changes with every situation. Rule-based expert system shells were also found to be suitable for this role, including knowledge acquisition at the interview stage. All the expert system shells examined suffered from very limited constraints to problem size, but new products now overcome this. Inductive expert system shells were useful as a guide to knowledge gaps and possible relationships, but the number of examples required was unrealistic for typical land use planning situations. The accuracy of classified satellite imagery was significantly enhanced by integrating spatial information on soil distribution for Thailand data. Estimates of the rice producing area were substantially improved (30% change in area) by the addition of soil information. Image processing work on Mozambique showed that satellite remote sensing was a useful tool in stratifying vegetation cover at provincial level to identify key development areas, but its full utility could not be realised on typical planning projects, without treatment as part of a complete spatial information system.

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2

Chirinos, Meaghan. "An Evaluation of Two Supplemental SAFMEDS Procedures." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/536148.

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Applied Behavioral Analysis
Ed.M.
SAFMEDS, a fluency based intervention that often uses flashcards, stands for “say-all-fast-minute-every-day-shuffled.” It is typically used in rate building and as a knowledge based assessment across numerous settings. A review of the fluency and SAFMEDS literature shows a lack of empirical research with this commonly used intervention (Quigley et al., 2017). Many differences in SAFMEDS implementations exist, including numerous variations to the procedure itself. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of the basic SAFMEDS procedure for learning Chinese characters when compared to two supplemental practice procedures. The basic SAFMEDS procedure did not appear to be effective in significantly increasing the rate of correct responding in participants learning Chinese characters. Rates of correct responding were greater with additional practice added to the basic SAFMEDS procedure; specifically, higher levels of responding were evident in conditions using the whole deck review supplemental practice procedure.
Temple University--Theses

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3

Oguz, Sermin. "Evaluation Of Pushover Analysis Procedures For Frame Structures." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606047/index.pdf.

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Pushover analysis involves certain approximations and simplifications that some amount of variation is always expected to exist in seismic demand prediction of pushover analysis. In literature, some improved pushover procedures have been proposed to overcome the certain limitations of traditional pushover procedures. The effects and the accuracy of invariant lateral load patterns utilised in pushover analysis to predict the behavior imposed on the structure due to randomly selected individual ground motions causing elastic and various levels of nonlinear response were evaluated in this study. For this purpose, pushover analyses using various invariant lateral load patterns and Modal Pushover Analysis were performed on reinforced concrete and steel moment resisting frames covering a broad range of fundamental periods. Certain response parameters predicted by each pushover procedure were compared with the '
exact'
results obtained from nonlinear dynamic analysis. The primary observations from the study showed that the accuracy of the pushover results depends strongly on the load path, properties of the structure and the characteristics of the ground motion. Pushover analyses were performed by both DRAIN-2DX and SAP2000. Similar pushover results were obtained from the two different softwares employed in the study provided that similar approach is used in modeling the nonlinear properties of members as well as their structural features. The accuracy of approximate procedures utilised to estimate target displacement was also studied on frame structures. The accuracy of the predictions was observed to depend on the approximations involved in the theory of the procedures, structural properties and ground motion characteristics.

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4

McGuinness, S. H. M. "Improving aircraft stress-loads interface and evaluation procedures." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.546395.

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5

Black, Gene M. "Job families : an investigation of alternative definitional procedures." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30080.

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6

Månsson, Lars Gunnar. "Evaluation of radiographic procedures investigations related to chest imaging /." Göteborg, Sweden : Dept. of Radiation Physics, Göteborg University, 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/35482139.html.

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7

Maillard, Gloria Nicole. "An Evaluation of Negative Reinforcement During Error Correction Procedures." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700064/.

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This study evaluated the effects of error correction procedures on sight word acquisition. Participants were four typically developing children in kindergarten and first grade. We used an adapted alternating treatment design embedded within a multiple baseline design to evaluate instructional efficacy of two error correction procedures; one with preferred items plus error correction and one with error correction only, and a concurrent chain schedule to evaluate participant preference for instructional procedure. The results show that there was no difference in acquisition rates between the procedures. The evaluation also showed children prefer procedures that include a positive reinforcement component.

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8

Volkamer, Melanie. "Evaluation of electronic voting requirements and evaluation procedures to support responsible election authorities." Berlin Heidelberg New York, NY Springer, 2008. http://d-nb.info/994038577/04.

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9

Freeman, J. "An evaluation of procedures and markers for plant cell transformation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304323.

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10

Gale, Frederick Peter Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "Project evaluation procedures in five Canadian international development service organizations." Ottawa, 1987.

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11

Migoyan, Ara-Shant. "Development and evaluation of procedures and methods for Proseek Multiplex." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-221287.

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Contemporary proximity extension assays (PEAs) are used for qualitative proteinquantifications in serological samples, with possibilities for scaling assays in multiplex. Medical research can however benefit from robust immunoassays functional for assessingprotein levels in other types of biospecimens. Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE)tissues have long been used for morphological studies. The proteome encapsulated byextensive cross-linking from formalin fixation has however impeded the development ofproteomic analysis from the vast biorepositories FFPE-tissues constitute. In this study, Ipresent a proof of concept for assessing FFPE-samples in multiplex format through PEA.Furthermore, a homogenization and protein extraction protocol for assessing fresh-frozentissue with PEA is presented, together with a novel sample buffer for which remarkable risesin protein detection can be seen in several protein assays. Together, these findings extend theapplication area of PEA to tissues together with improved quantification characteristics.

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12

Atik, Malik. "Seismic evaluation of tall building structures using nonlinear static procedures." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10116/document.

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L’analyse dynamique non linéaire constitue la méthode la plus efficace pour l'évaluation de la réponse non linéaire des structures soumises à de fortes sollicitations sismiques. Compte tenu de la complexité associée à l'analyse non linéaire temporelle, l'utilisation de l'analyse statique équivalente «Push-over » constitue une alternative simple et efficace à l'analyse dynamique temporelle. Cette thèse développe une méthode statique non linéaire innovante pour évaluer le comportement sismique des immeubles de grande hauteur.Dans la première partie, le modèle "continuum" qui est un outil simple et efficace de l'analyse des immeubles de grande hauteur à contreventement mixte est revisité. L'influence de la précision de calcul dans la détermination de la hauteur optimale d'interruption des voiles est examinée tout en analysant la relation entre la hauteur optimale et les sollicitations induites. La deuxième partie propose une nouvelle procédure Push-over adaptative à exécution unique pour l'évaluation sismique des structures. Cette méthode possède deux avantages principaux : elle représente un outil pratique intégrant l’effet des modes supérieurs avec une interaction complète entre eux. D'un autre côté, elle permet d'éviter les critiques relatives aux analyses adaptatives à exécution unique. La troisième partie présente une méthode innovante permettant la détermination du point de fonctionnement des immeubles de grande hauteur. Le principe des méthodes adaptatives Push-over à exécution unique est intégré à la méthode du spectre de capacité proposé par le règlement ATC -40 dont l'application est limitée aux structures oscillant au mode fondamental
Non linear dynamic analysis constitutes the most powerful method for the assessment of the non linear seismic response of structures subjected to strong earthquake motions. Considering the complexity associated to time history analysis, the use of nonlinear static techniques, or pushover analysis constitutes an efficient and easy to use alternative to dynamic analysis. This thesis develops innovative static nonlinear method to assess the seismic behavior of high-rise buildings. It is composed of three parts:In the first part, the continuum model which constitutes a simple and efficient tool to analyze high-rise wall-frame buildings is revisited. The influence of calculation precision in specifying the optimum level of wall curtailment is discussed. The relationship between the curtailment level and the resulting internal forces is investigated. The second part proposes a new single-run adaptive pushover method for the seismic assessment of shear wall structures. This method has two main advantages: It is practical tool to integrate the effect of higher modes with full interaction between them and it overcomes the criticisms forwarded against the previous single-run adaptive pushover analyses. The proposed method is presented as well as its numerical implementation. The third part presents an innovative method to specifying the seismic peak response quantities of the tall structures. The principle of the single-run adaptive pushover procedures is integrated with the capacity spectrum method proposed by ATC-40 (1996). Where, this latter is limited for structures that vibrate primarily in the fundamental mode

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13

Kirvesoja, H. (Heli). "Experimental ergonomic evaluation with user trials: EEE product development procedures." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2001. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514259378.

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Abstract The main difficulty in the usability evaluation of a product concept or a prototype is that it is very difficult to take reliably into account many different characteristics or attributes, which cannot be measured with the same unit, scale or instrument. Secondly, evaluation always involves some uncertainty. One can never be really sure that all the essential aspects that affect the final user emphasis are taken into consideration. This uncertainty can be decreased by involving diverse people in the evaluation process during R&D or, before the final decision, by elaborating the best ideas to a level at which they can be really used on a pilot scale in the field. Most often, though, the latter takes too much time and would result in many other problems. Evaluation can possibly be best enhanced by using enough involved people, i.e. various experts and especially end-users, who need or use the product in question. A key ingredient to the success of product development, in addition to ergonomic knowledge, is often thought to be active involvement of the intended product users by (1) measuring user-product interaction and (2) participation in design decisions. When a potential end-user experiments with the product, both quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods can be used. This thesis shows some methodological possibilities of evaluation, especially through simulation. It also describes in detail the practical phases of the experiments. For example, a lot of development was needed to find out how to communicate product alternatives and their concepts to (elderly) users. And most importantly, this thesis aims to give evidence of how the procedure called experimental ergonomic evaluation (EEE) should be feasibly implemented and statistically confirmed for significance and consistency. A special focus in the experiments was placed on elderly end-users. Since the number of elderly citizens is increasing, there is a need for products to help the elderly live independently at their homes. Studying and understanding how users accomplish their tasks helps to identify their needs and to formulate implications for the design of technology to satisfy those needs. Thus, user studies conducted before beginning to design a new technology provide a proactive way of involving users in the design process. The first prototypes then enable usability studies, such as user trials. With an emphasis on usability engineering, trials can be developed into more feasible EEE procedures for industrial companies. All the developed and applied EEE procedures were based on a user-centred approach with different user trial types (N = 15). The users as subjects (N = 264) performed as real tasks as possible and, based on their perceptions during the trials, gave their preferences or scored certain variables. The subjects were also observed and measured by the researcher. The products or other technologies in the trials comprised a total of 9 cases, ranging from "low-tech" steps and chairs to "high-tech" information and communication technology (ICT) applications. The perceived preference and observed performance measures were then combined. Different methods are needed simultaneously to make the results more accurate. The present EEE procedures proved to be cost-effective, efficient and sufficiently valid at least in a research context. The EEE procedures ranged from subjective estimations, such as rating and ranking, to more complex multi-criteria methods that can be used to facilitate decision-making, such as conjoint analysis, Mitchell's paired comparison and use-value analysis. Objective evaluation was also used, including measurement of products and users as well various observations. Both experts and end-users (subjects) had their own important roles in the experiment. Based on this study, EEE procedures are easy to implement in industry for routine usability testing in the course of product development. EEE with its wide coverage yields more universal and absolute usability values, not only ones based on direct benchmarking.

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14

Volkamer, Melanie [Verfasser]. "Evaluation of electronic voting : requirements and evaluation procedures to support responsible election authorities / Melanie Volkamer." Berlin, 2009. http://d-nb.info/997421339/34.

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15

Robati, Masoud. "Evaluation of a modification of current micro-surfacing mix design procedures." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/980/1/ROBATI_Massoud.pdf.

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Cette etude porte sur la modification des procedures de formulation de la International Slurry Surfacing Association (ISSA) pour les traitements de surface. Les procédures actuelles de formulation de traitement de surface ont été évaluées en détails. La première partie de ce travail démontre l’effet de la quantité d’émulsion, d’eau d’apport et de l’utilisation d’additifs (ciment) sur les paramètres de formulation des traitements de surface. La deuxième partie consiste principalement en l’établissement d’une méthode de formulation optimale selon quatre essais de l’ISSA, soit le TB 139, le TB 113, le TB 100 et le TB 109. Les résultats ont montrés que le TB 139 peut être utilisé pour trouver la teneur en eau optimale et que l’essai ISSA TB 147 devrait être utilisé pour trouver la teneur en émulsion optimale.

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16

Lilja, Fredrik. "Evaluation of the Prostar XL vascular closuredevice used in EVAR procedures." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-210469.

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17

Olesnevich, Craig. "Evaluation of the United States Coast Guard's remote network access procedures." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2005. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2005/2005olesnevichc.pdf.

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18

Håkanson, Bengt. "Studies of preoperative evaluation and surgical procedures for gastroesophageal reflux disease /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7357-022-2/.

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19

Koryl, Margaret Nolan. "The formal evaluation of Indiana school superintendents : frequency, practices, and procedures." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1036818.

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The primary purpose of this study was to examine the practice of formally evaluating Indiana school superintendents and to determine superintendent dispositions toward the process. More specifically, the following issues were analyzed: (a) the extent to which Indiana school superintendents were formally evaluated; (b) the extent to which job descriptions, district policy, or employment contracts were associated with formal evaluations; (c) superintendent opinions regarding criteria, purposes, and methods of evaluation; and (d) the extent to which selected demographic variables were associated with the practice of completing a formal evaluation.A descriptive survey research procedure was used in this study. The survey instrument was adapted from the one developed and used by Simpson (1994) in his study of South Carolina superintendents. Several modifications were made to adjust to current conditions in Indiana. The instrument was divided into two parts: current practices and procedures for formal evaluations and background information about the superintendent and school corporation. The population of this study was all 287 public school superintendents in Indiana. Data were collected in March and April of 1996. A total of 248 usable surveys was returned and analyzed.The findings indicated: (a) more than 78% of the superintendents were being formally evaluated; (b) more than 79% of the superintendents indicated the presence of a written job description, with over 59% of these superintendents indicating they were evaluated using the stated role expectations included in the job description; (c) more than 58% of the superintendents indicated their employment district had a written policy concerning superintendent evaluation; (d) more than 33% reported that a formal evaluation was a provision of their employment contract; (e) a checklist or rating scale was most frequently used in the evaluation process; (f) the most important criterion in evaluation was board and superintendent relations; (g) the primary purpose for superintendent evaluation was to identify areas needing improvement; and (h) the higher the superintendent's salary and the larger the school corporation, the more likely it was that the superintendent received a formal evaluation. In addition, the study offers recommendations for practice and for further research.
Department of Education

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20

Henderson, Cynthia Joan. "A comparison of three rapid evaluation procedures for pine savanna wetlands." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2001. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07132001-162123.

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21

Metz, Emily R. "An evaluation of three free-pour training procedures for college students." Scholarly Commons, 2014. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/292.

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Self-report methods are often used as the main or only measure of college students' alcohol consumption (e.g., Alfonso, Hall, & Dunn, 2013; White et al., 2003). However, these data are limited because students are rarely able to accurately state or pour the standard serving size for various types of alcohol, rendering the validity of self-report questionable (Midanik, 1982; White et al., 2003). Moreover, students are often required to participate in university alcohol training programs; these programs are generally information-based and rarely contain a skills training component, in which students practice identifying and pouring standard servings of alcohol. Researchers have evaluated the effectiveness of nutrition and alcoholic beverage portion training procedures that make use of practice, measurement aids, and verbal feedback; however, to our knowledge, the effect of stimulus fading on a free pour procedure has not been assessed even though research suggests stimulus fading is an effective training procedure. In the current study we assessed the effects of individualized 1) verbal feedback, 2) superimposition training (i.e., measurement aids), and 3) stimulus fading training on college students' ability to accurately free pour a standard serving of beer into 18 oz training and generalization cups using an ABA and in some cases, an ABACA design. Results suggest that all three types of training are effective in teaching college students to free-pour the standard serving size of beer. Further research is required to evaluate effective individual and group trainings, use of different alcohol types and various sized containers, and maintenance and generalization of the skill over time and across settings.

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22

Kabamba, Batthe Matanda. "Evaluation of centrifugal pump performance derating procedures for non-Newtonian slurries." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2170.

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Thesis (MTech(Civil Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006.
The performance of a centrifugal pump is altered for slurry or viscous materials (Stepanoff, 1969) and this needs to be accounted for. Usually, the suitable selection and evaluation of centrifugal pumps is based only on water pump performance curves supplied by the pump manufacturer (Wilson, Addie, Sellgren & Clift, 1997). In 1984 Walker and Goulas conducted a number of pump performance tests with kaolin clay slurries and coal slurries on a Warman 4/3 AH horizontal slurry pump and a Hazleton 3-inch B CTL horizontal pump (Walker and Goulas, 1984). Walker and Goulas have analysed the test data and correlated the performance derating both at the best efficiency flow rate (BEP) and at 10% of the best efficiency flow rate (0.1 BEP) to the modified pump Reynolds number (NRep). They have noticed that the head and the efficiency reduction ratio decreased for the pump Reynolds number less then 10⁶. Furthermore, Walker and Goulas obtained a reasonably good agreement (± 5%) between pump test data for non-Newtonian materials and pump performance prediction using the Hydraulics Institute chart. Sery and Slatter (2002) have investigated pump deration for non-Newtonian yield pseudoplastic materials. The NRep was calculated using the Bingham plastic viscosity (µp). Results have shown good agreement with regard to head and efficiency reduction ratios in comparison with previous work. However, Sery and Slatter's pump performance correlation using the HI chart did not reach the same conclusion. Error margin of ± 20% and ± 10% were found for head and efficiency respectively. This study is an attempt to reconcile the differences between Walker and Goulas (1984) and Sery and Slatter (2002) and extend the evaluation of these derating methods to pseudoplastic materials. The test work was conducted in the Flow Process Research Centre laboratory of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology using two centrifugal pumps; a Warman 6/4 and a GrW 4/3. The materials used were water, CMC solution bentonite and kaolin suspension at different concentrations (7% and 9% by weight for bentonite; 5%, 6% and 7% by weight for CMC; 17%, 19% and 21% by volume for kaolin).

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23

Ganapathysubramanian, Karthick. "Development and Evaluation of Order Batching Procedures for a Distribution Center." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1125602488.

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Matysek, Paul Frank. "An evaluation of regional stream sediment data by advanced statistical procedures." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24860.

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This study was directed towards the development of rigorous, systematic, computer-assisted statistical procedures for the interpretation of quantitative and qualitative data commonly encountered in practical exploration-oriented surveys. A suite of data analysis tools were developed to evaluate the quality of geochemical data sets, to investigate the value and utilization of categorical field data, and to recognize and rank anomalous samples. Data obtained from regional stream sediment surveys as undertaken by the British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources in southern British Columbia were examined as a case history. A procedure based on a statistical analysis of field-site duplicates was developed to evaluate the quality of regional geochemical silt data. The technique determines: (1) whether differences in metal concentrations between sample sites reflect a real trend related to geological and geochemical features and not merely a consequence of sampling and analytical error, and (2) absolute precision estimates at any particular accumulation across a metal's concentration range. Results for metals Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe and Mn indicated that combined variability due to local and procedural error averaged less than 5% of the total error and that precision estimates at the 95th percentile concentration value averaged less than 6.0%. Results presented indicate duplicates are more in accord with splits of individual samples (analytical duplicates) rather than separate field-site duplicates. This type of systematic approach provides a basis for interpreting geochemical trends within the survey area, while simultaneously allowing evaluation of the method of sampling and laboratory analysis. A procedure utilizing Duncan's Multiple Range Test examined the relationships between metal concentrations and class-interval and categorical observations of the drainage catchment, sample site and sediment sample. Results show that, many field observations can be systematically related to metal content of drainage sediments. Some elements are more susceptible than others to environmental factors and some factors influence few or many elements. For example, in sediments derived from granites there are significant relationships between bank type and concentration of 8 elements (Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Co, Fe, Mn and Hg). In contrast, the texture of these sediments, using estimates of fines contents as an index, did not significantly affect the concentration of any of the elements studied. In general, results indicate that groups of environmental factors acting collectively are more important than any single factor in determining background metal contents of drainage sediments. A procedure utilizing both a graphical and multiple regression approach was developed to identify and characterize anomalous samples. The procedure determines multivariate models based on background metal values which are used to describe very general geochemical relations of no interest for prospecting purposes. These models are then applied to sample subsets selected on the basis of factor/s known to strongly influence geochemical results. Individual samples are characterized after comparisons with relevant determined threshold levels and background multielemenmodels. One hundred and fifteen anomalous samples for zinc from seven provenance groups draining 1259 sample sites were identified and characterized by this procedure. Forty three of these samples had zinc concentrations greater than its calculated provenance threshold, while 72 of these anomalous samples were identified solely because their individual metal associations were significantly different than their provenance multivariate background model. The method provides a means to reduce the effects of background variations while simultaneously identifying and characterizing anomalous samples. The data analysis tools described here allow extraction of useful information from regional geochemical data, and as a result provide and effective means of defining problems of geological interest that warrant further investigation.
Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate

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Brien, Heather Jane Caroline. "An evaluation of four knee laxity testing procedures for cruciate ligament insufficiency /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63924.

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26

Barallat, Sendagorta Lucía. "Histologic and radiographic evaluation of different bone grafts in ridge preservation procedures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/392633.

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The main goal of this PhD project was to better understand how different types of bone grafts behave in ridge preservation procedures. There is clear evidence that, after tooth removal, a healing process takes place in which the blood clot that fills the socket is gradually substituted with new bone. This process is accompanied by a reduction in height and width of the alveolar ridge. These events may result in limited bone availability, which may compromise an adequate implant placement in order to replace the missing teeth. For this reason, the insertion of different graft materials into the extraction socket has been reported. From the available evidence, it may be concluded that ridge preservation procedures do not completely prevent, but minimize loss of horizontal and vertical ridge alterations. From an histological point of view, several studies have analyzed the histological composition of previously preserved areas in order to determine the amount of vital bone formed. Since the additional benefits of different graft materials in terms of newly formed bone compared to natural healing of the extraction socket was still unknown, we conducted a systematic review in order to answer this question. Calcium sulfate, magnesium enriched hydroxyapatite (MHA) and porcine-derived bone grafts resulted in a significant greater amount of newly formed bone than natural healing sites. Studies evaluating allografts, autologous bone and bioactive glass showed no statistical significant differences between treatment groups. Due to the great variability of the included studies, no firm conclusions could be drawn. Demineralized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and demineralized bone bovine mineral embedded in 10% collagen matrix (DBBM-C) have been widely used in regenerative therapies and particularly in ridge preservation procedures. However, the possible differences between both grafting materials had not previously been analysed. Therefore, a double blind randomized clinical trial comparing DBBM and DBBM-C in ridge preservation procedures was conducted. A reduction in height and width was observed 5 months after tooth extraction in sites preserved either with DBBM or DBBM-C, but no significant differences were encountered between treatment groups. On the other hand, the histomorphometric analysis resulted in a similar composition in terms of new bone formation, non-mineralized connective tissue and residual graft particles in both treatment groups. From the above mentioned research projects it may be concluded that there is no consensus on which graft material offers the best outcomes from an histological point of view. More specifically, the results of the randomized clinical trial suggest that there are no statistically significant differences between DBBM and DBBM-C neither in height and width reduction of the alveolar ridge nor in their histological composition after a healing period of 5 months.
El objetivo final de este proyecto de tesis doctoral era conocer mejor el comportamiento de distintos materiales de injerto en la técnica de preservación alveolar. Hay evidencia de que, después de la extracción dental, comienza un proceso de cicatrización durante el cual el coágulo sanguíneo es progresivamente reemplazado por hueso nuevo. Además, se produce una reducción en altura y anchura de la cresta alveolar, que puede a su vez dar lugar a una disponibilidad ósea limitada pudiendo comprometer la posterior colocación de implantes. Por este motivo, se ha propuesto la introducción de distintos materiales de injerto en el alveolo postextracción. La literatura científica sugiere que los procedimientos de preservación alveolar minimizan estas alteraciones dimensionales de la cresta en sentido horizontal y vertical . Desde un punto de vista histológico, múltiples estudios han evaluado la composición histológica de áreas donde previamente se había realizado una preservación alveolar para determinar la cantidad y calidad del hueso nuevo formado. Como el beneficio adicional a nivel histológico de la preservación alveolar con distintos materiales de injerto respecto a la cicatrización natural del alveolo postextracción no se conocía, realizamos una revisión sistemática para responder esta cuestión. El sulfato de calcio, la hidroxiapatita enriquecida con magnesio (MHA) y los xenoinjertos de origen porcino resultaron en un porcentaje de hueso nuevo formado significativamente mayor que las áreas control. Otros estudios que utilizaron autoinjertos, aloinjertos o biovidrios no observaron diferencias significativas entre grupos. Sin embargo, debido a la gran variabilidad de los estudios incluídos, no se pudieron sacar conclusiones definitivas. El injerto bovino desproteneizado (DBBM) y el injerto bovino desproteneizado en una matriz de colágeno (DBBM-C) han sido ampliamente utilizados en terapias regenerativas y, particularmente, en preservación alveolar aunque aún no se han analizado las posibles diferencias entre ambos materiales. Por eso se realizó un ensayo clínico randomizado a doble ciego comparando DBBM y DBBM-C en preservación alveolar. Cinco meses después de la extracción, se observó una reducción en anchura y altura de la cresta alveolar en ambos grupos de tratamiento, pero no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos. Por otro lado, el análisis histomorfométrico demostró una composición histológica similar en áreas tratadas con DBBM y áreas tratadas con DBBM-C. De los estudios mencionados previamente, se puede concluir que no hay un consenso sobre qué material de injerto ofrece los mejores resultados en cuanto a composición histológica. Particularmente, los resultados del ensayo clínico randomizado sugieren que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre DBBM y DBBM-C en cuanto a cambios dimensionales ni en cuanto a composición histológica 5 meses después de realizar la preservación alveolar.

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Murphy, Douglas M. "Nonparametric cost evaluation of the Department of Defense's small parcel shipping procedures." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA304335.

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Montes, Usategui Mario. "Multichannel optical correlators: analysis, evaluation, and development of procedures for pattern recognition." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667642.

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Los objetivos del trabajo son, en primer lugar, analizar las limitaciones que presenta la correlación monocanal para tratar con problemas complejos de reconocimiento de imágenes. Con este propósito se ha adaptado el formalismo de las regiones de decisión al caso particular de la correlación optica. El análisis muestra asimismo la forma de resolver los problemas encontrados, mediante la utilización de sistemas que realicen múltiples correlaciones (correladores multicanal). Se han desarrollado procedimientos para sacar provecho de la potencia de estos sistemas y se ha mostrado la superioridad frente a los sistemas de correlación unica. Se han estudiado los problemas encontrados en la construcción práctica de estos dispositivos y se han propuesto soluciones a algunos de ellos. Finalmente, se explora la posibilidad de realizar las multiples correlaciones necesarias mediante una arquitectura de correlación iterativa.

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29

Strenk, Patrick Murphy Wartman Joseph. "Evaluation of analytical procedures for estimating seismically induced permanent deformations in slopes /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/3324.

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30

Cheng, Shumin. "Non-destructive evaluation of cracking in tubular T-joints using vibration procedures." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ34244.pdf.

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31

Basham, Annika J. "A Comparative Evaluation of Outcomes between Indirect Analyses and Functional Analytic Procedures." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248485/.

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While descriptive assessment outcomes show limited correspondence with experimental analysis outcomes, they are still often used in the treatment of problem behavior. The most effective way of treating problem behavior is by manipulating its controlling variables; however, if descriptive analyses are not depicting accurate environment-behavior relations, then treatments based off of descriptive analysis results have a higher chance of failing. The current study looks to replicate and extend the literature on utility descriptive assessments by analyzing three different data analysis methods. Three children with a diagnosis of autism were exposed to two types of experimental analyses. Following experimental analyses, descriptive assessments were completed and analyzed to determine correlations between the behavior and environmental events. The results from the three investigated data analysis methods were then compared to the outcomes of the experimental analyses.

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Diaz, Alejandro Rene. "An Efficiency Evaluation of Procedures to Evoke Vocalizations in Children with Autism." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3771.

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Development of vocalizations in early learners with autism is critical to the acquisition of verbal behavior and other important life skills. The purpose of the present studies was to (1) evaluate the efficiency and efficacy of Stimulus-Stimulus Pairing (SSP) and standard Echoic Training (ET) procedures for the development and onset of verbal behavior in early learners with ASD to improve early intervention efficiency and (2) elucidate predictive characteristics or variables for the effective use of SSP. The present studies were comprised of a multiple-baseline (across behaviors) experimental design buttressed within a reversal design, also known more broadly as within-subject controlled experimental designs. It was found that SSP can have a greater treatment efficacy than ET, but any efficacy advantage is transitory. Shifting an SSP treatment to direct reinforcement contingencies once vocalizations are produced are likely the most effective strategy. SSP produces discrepant effects across learners, thus highlighting the need to assess a learner’s characteristics and assumed reinforcer effectiveness. It was also found that higher-functioning learners will benefit more greatly from ET as opposed to SSP.

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Snorrason, Ögmundur. "Development and evaluation of adaptive feature selection techniques for sequential decision procedures /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487683401444194.

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Bacela, Siyabulela Mawande. "The evaluation of autoxidation procedures for the selective oxidation of aliphatic alcohols." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59.

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The homogeneously catalyzed oxidation of 1-propanol by dioxygen in glacial acetic acid using cobalt(II)acetate and sodium bromide as the catalyst system has been investigated with the view of determining the significance of various experimental variables during the oxidation. The results of this investigation show unequivocally that a number of reaction variables have a direct influence upon catalytic activity and hence the reaction products. It is quite evident that the major product of this autoxidation reaction is propionic acid with the respective esters as side-products. This is an indication that the autoxidation mechanism occurs via a two-stage pathway, namely, the oxidation of 1-propanol to propionaldehyde as the primary product and, subsequently, the further oxidation of the propionaldehyde to propionic acid as the major product. Thus the esterification process of the propionic acid with the substrate 1-propanol could be termed as a side-reaction because its not facilitated by the catalyst system and it consumes the formed product. The catalyst activity has been demonstrated to depend on a number of factors, including the bromide concentration, the cobalt(II)acetate concentration, the water concentration, reaction temperature, and the presence of metal acetates as co-catalysts. There is an observed decrease in catalytic activity at high bromide concentration, which may be explained in terms of cobalt bromide complexes that form at these high concentrations. Subsequently, the same trend of catalyst activity reduction at high cobalt(II)acetate concentration may be ascribed to the “inactive” metal complexes that are susceptible to form at high metal ion concentrations. The catalytic activity increases with increase in total concentration and rapidly decreases at very high concentrations. This can be explained in terms of the observations made during the investigation of the effect of cobalt(II)acetate and bromide concentrations. The high increase in catalytic activity with increasing temperature is ascribed to the Arrhenius law, which relates the rate constant for a particular reaction to temperature. However, there is an observed loss of catalyst selectivity at high temperatures which maybe due to two possible factors. The first is simply related to an increased loss of volatile material from the reactor in the oxygen gas stream as the temperature is increased. The second relates to the increasing activity of the catalyst system for the selective decarboxylation of the carboxylic acid product. The addition of water to the reaction system rapidly reduces the catalyst activity. This detrimental effect is an indication that there is an effective competition by water with bromide for coordination sites on cobalt(II), thereby preventing the formation of the active catalyst species. The introduction of metal acetates as co-catalyst reduces the catalyst activity quite dramatically. This inhibition effect is suggested to relate to the redox potential of the respective metal ions. The results of statistical analysis of the experimentally derived response surface during the oxidation of 1-propanol, show no significant lack of fit, and the residuals obtained by applying the response surface to the design settings show that the data is normally distributed. The response surface is therefore reliable, but keeping in mind that the central composite design used is not rotatable so that its predictive power, especially outside the experimental domain investigated, is quite limited. However, several interesting observations were still possible The oxidative dehydrogenation of ethanol over supported noble-metal catalysts has been investigated with the view of identifying the most active supported noble-metal and also to compare this oxidation procedure with the autoxidation procedure. Secondly, the effect of an acidic resin as a co-catalyst was also investigated during the said oxidation. On the basis of results presented in this study during oxidative dehydrogenation of ethanol, catalysts no.2 (10% Pd/C), 8 (2% Pd/Al – Pb-promoted) and 9 (2% Pt/8% Pd/C) appear to be the most active in terms of relative rates, while catalysts 6 (10% Pd/C- Pbpromoted), 7 (5% Pd/C-shell reduced-Pb -promoted) and 10 (5% Pt 5% Pd on C) are more active based on the comparison of average rates. Two other observations are of interest. Firstly, the promotion of the Pd catalysts with lead appears to improve catalyst activity to some extent as shown by the comparisons between catalysts 1 and 5, 4 and 8, 2 and 6 and 3 and 7. Secondly, the introduction of Pt up to equal amounts with palladium seems to produce the most active catalysts. On its own, platinum appears to be a better catalyst than Pd when supported on activated carbon (catalysts 1 and 12). In comparison with the homogeneous, cobalt-bromide catalyzed oxidation of 1- propanol in the liquid-phase, oxidations over noble-metal catalysts in the liquid-phase appear to be significantly less active. The presence of the resin promoted the formation of ethyl acetate to some extent, the improvements are not as dramatic as expected.

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Kruzynski, Anna. "Play in toddlers with pervasive developmental disorder and autism : alternative assessment procedures and impact of treatment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/MQ44328.pdf.

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36

Senarath, Nanayakkara G. L., Klaus D. Neumann, and Philipp Pohlenz. "Quality assurance in Sri Lankan Teacher Training : evaluation procedures for the assessment of the internship period." Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2201/.

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In 2002 guidelines for the implementation of the internship programme for prospective teachers have been released in a joint venture by the Basic Education Sector Programme(BESP) of the GTZ (Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit/German Technical Cooperation) and the Professional Development Centre (Teacher Education) of the National Institute for Education of Sri Lanka (NIE). These guidelines aim at assisting the National Colleges of Education (NCOEs) and internship schools in implementing the internship programme and at improving its efficiency and effectiveness in the local venues of teacher training. The Monitoring & Evaluation activity described in the present article was to assess as to how far the intentions originally associated with the internship programme are being accomplished. Its main task is to bring strengths and weaknesses of the programme to light and to appraise the current status of its implementation.

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37

Gayle, Wayne H. "Analysis of operational manning requirements and deployment procedures for unmanned surface vehicles aboard US Navy ships." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FGayle.pdf.

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38

Lane, L. J., T. J. Ward, and J. J. Stone. "Evaluation of Hydrologic and Hydraulic Procedures for Small Urban Watersheds in the Southwest." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296362.

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From the Proceedings of the 1985 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science - April 27, 1985, Las Vegas, Nevada
Hydrologic and hydraulic design procedures developed by the Pima County Department of Transportation and Flood Control District were proposed for use by the Department of Transportation, Engineering Division of the City of Tucson, Arizona. These procedures were evaluated with respect to their reasonableness of approach and in comparison with other methods and existing data used to derive similar methodology and standards. The proposed criteria/methodology were found to be consistent with procedures used in other cities in the Southwest, and with the current state of the art in urban hydrology and hydraulic engineering practices and procedures. However, locally derived rainfall intensity -duration relationships were found to be superior to regionally based relationships, and minor modifications were suggested for channel design procedures.

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39

SILVA, MARGARETH NUNES. "METROLOGICAL EVALUATION OF PROCEDURES FOR QUALIFICATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF BATTERIES FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9234@1.

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FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À ESCOLA TÉCNICA
Este trabalho visa a analisar criticamente os procedimentos disponíveis para ensaios de baterias e sugerir modificações que os aperfeiçoem no âmbito do Programa Brasileiro de Etiquetagem (PBE), de modo a fornecer elementos que permitam avaliar o desempenho de Sistemas Fotovoltaicos para geração de energia elétrica em uma gama variada de situações. Para cada um dos procedimentos avaliados utilizou-se uma bateria com características elétricas semelhantes, porém, de fabricantes diferentes. Os resultados foram posteriormente processados utilizando-se o programa MATLAB. Com base na incerteza de medição estimada da capacidade da bateria, foram estabelecidos critérios para qualificação e aceitação do seu desempenho.Como ponto crítico dos ensaios, foi observado que a temperatura de teste e o nível de tensão de carga devem ser cuidadosamente estabelecidos para que os resultados sejam representativos do desempenho da bateria. Foi concluído que a temperatura e a corrente de descarga são as variáveis de maior influência na medição da capacidade da bateria, e que a eficácia dos critérios para qualificação e aceitação do desempenho da bateria fica comprometida sem a utilização de sua incerteza de medição.
The purpose of this work is to critically analyze the available procedures to test batteries and to suggest modifications that improve them in the context of the Brazilian Labeling Program (PBE), in order to provide elements to evaluate the performance of Photovoltaic Systems for electric energy generation under different operating conditions. Different types of batteries were used for each of the two testing procedures, from different manufactures. The results were processed using a MATLAB software. The uncertainty of measurement of the measured battery load was used to establish a criterium for qualifications and acceptance of its performance. As a critical point, it is observed that test temperature was a key factor and must be carefully taken into account so that the results be representative of the battery performance. Finally it was concluded that temperature and the discharge current have a larger contribution to measuring its load, and that the qualification and acceptance criterium is not complete if the uncertainty of measurement is not taken into account.

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Hood, Stephanie Anne. "AN EVALUATION OF THE RELATIVE EFFICACY OF AND PREFERENCE FOR PROMPT DELAY PROCEDURES." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/666.

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Both response to intervention (RTI) and recognition and response systems recommend the use of evidence-based teaching strategies and individualized data collection to monitor the students' response to such strategies. In addition to the efficacy of interventions, individual stakeholders should have a voice in which intervention is implemented. Constant prompt delay and progressive prompt delay procedures have been routinely implemented and have been proven to be effective at teaching important skills to a variety populations; however, no objective data has been reported on the stakeholders' preference for such procedures. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relative efficacy of as well as the relative preference for prompt delay procedures. Four preschool children experienced three teaching conditions: constant prompt delay, progressive prompt delay, and a control condition. A multi-element design was used to evaluate the relative efficacy of the prompt delay procedures at teaching pre-academic tasks while a modified concurrent chains arrangement was used to evaluate each child's relative preference for each teaching strategy. The results for efficacy of and preference for prompt delay procedures were idiosyncratic for all participants. These results as well implication of the results are discussed.

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41

Ruffa, James Lawrence. "Principal evaluation policies and procedures in the Commonwealth of Virginia: the principals' perspective." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54407.

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The intent of this study was to determine the evaluation policies and procedures for principals of public schools in Virginia. Specifically, the purposes of the study were to: (1) Describe the policies in and procedures currently in place for the evaluation of principals in Virginia’s public schools, (2) Determine if Virginia's public school principals believe that the policies and procedures by which they are evaluated affect their job performance, (3) Examine and describe one school division's principal evaluation policies and procedures, and (4) Compare and discuss school system descriptions of policies and procedures related to evaluation of principals with responses of principals describing those same policies and procedures. A descriptive survey method was used in this study. Data were collected from a random sampling of all public school principals in the state. A thirty-one item questionnaire was sent to each of the 337 participating principals. A response rate of 80.4% was attained. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) were employed to report the findings. The results of this study revealed that: 1. Principal evaluation policies and procedures are firmly established in the school divisions across Virginia. 2. Public school principals in Virginia indicated that their school division‘s principal evaluation policies and procedures have a positive impact on their job performance. 3. The principals and superintendent of one school system agree on most questions about their policies and procedures for principal evaluation. Areas of disagreement included: a procedure for reviewing principal evaluation policies and procedures, current need to revise policies and procedures, and the purpose of (on-the-job) observation as a component of principal evaluation. 4. When system-level responses were compared to principals' responses measuring knowledge of principal evaluation policies and procedures there was considerable agreement between groups. However, ten areas of disagreement were discovered. These areas included: a procedure to regularly review and revise evaluation policies and procedures, the establishment of mutually-developed goals for principal evaluation, who has input into principal evaluation, if on-the-job observation is a component of the evaluation process, and whether a dissenting statement is permitted.
Ed. D.

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42

McKee, Megan, Melanie McLeod, and Laura Wicks. "Evaluation of Physicians’ Dosing Procedures for Obese Pediatric Populations and Pharmacokinetics of Aminoglycosides in these Patients." The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624298.

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Class of 2008 Abstract
Objectives: This was a retrospective chart review and survey of pediatric residents. This study aimed to examine standards for aminoglycosides in obese pediatrics; increase awareness of drug monitoring in obese populations; and reduce medication errors. Methods: 101 patients aged three to seventeen that received aminoglycoside treatment were included. Subjects were divided into three groups based on weight and height percentiles as defined by growth charts. Collecting retrospective data provided measured concentrations of aminoglycosides in order to evaluate pharmacokinetics. Data collected included: dose and frequency; time dose was given; length of infusion; two measured concentrations (peak and trough); and time concentration was measured. ANOVA allowed comparisons between aminoglycoside volumes of distribution to weight (based on specific weight groups). Tukey’s post hoc analysis further tested the significance of the pair-wise comparisons (p<0.05). Secondly, a questionnaire was administered to 26 pediatric medical residents at University Medical Center to assess current treatment protocols and attitudes towards medication dosing in obese pediatric patients. Results: The volume of distribution was not significantly different between normal weight and overweight patients (p=0.927); normal weight and obese patients (p=0.174); or overweight and obese patients (p=0.211). Most (81.8%) study participants have some difficulty finding references on dosing in overweight and obese patients. Conclusions: The positive correlation between volume of distribution and total body weight was not statistically significant. Pediatric residents agree that there is a lack of resources regarding obese pediatric medication dosing. Further research is warranted to ensure the reliability and validity of aminoglycoside dosing in obese children.

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43

Zettlemoyer, Michael Joseph. "Evaluation of the service II limit state for AASHTO elastic and moment redistribution procedures." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 169 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338919171&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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44

Owen, Crystal L. "Dispute resolution procedures and organizational adaptation : a distributive-pattern approach to evaluation of effectiveness." Connect to resource, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1262713757.

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45

Banaszynski, Patrick. "An evaluation of the fall protection practices and procedures at XYZ Construction, Menomonie, Wisconsin." Online version, 2003. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2003/2003banaszynskip.pdf.

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46

Shoemaker, Alexander Lee Zech Wesley C. "Evaluation of anionic polyacrylamide as an erosion control measure using intermediate-scale experimental procedures." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1725.

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47

Broomfield, Eamon J. "The integration of hazard evaluation procedures and requirements engineering for safety-critical embedded systems." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1997. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/32816.

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Although much work has been done on assessing safety requirements in programmable systems, one very important aspect, the integration of hazard evaluation procedures and requirements engineering, has been somewhat neglected. This thesis describes the derivation and application of a methodology, HAZAPS (HAZard Assessment in Programmable Systems). The methodology assists at the requirements stage in the development of safety-critical embedded systems. The objectives are to identify hazards in programmable systems, construct and model the associated safety requirements, and, finally, to assess these requirements. HAZAPS integrates safety engineering and software modelling techniques. The analysis of more than 300 computer related incidents provided the criteria used to identify, select and modify safety engineering techniques.

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48

Petty, Robert Allen. "Evaluation of Procedures to Develop Selected Choral Rehearsal Skills with Undergraduate Choral Methods Students." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1384513025.

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49

Stark, Gregory V. "mperfect ranking models and their use in the evaluation of ranked-set sampling procedures /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486398528559461.

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50

Le, Blanc Roger Anthony. "The Implementation of Systematic Promotion and Retention Procedures and its Impact on District-Wide Practices in Elementary Schools." Thesis, Lindenwood University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10172996.

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Student retention has been consequential to students through an assortment of disparaging labels derived from the retention process. It served to marginalize the academic status of those students considered for retention through such practices as ability tracking, inferior labeling, and other discriminatory measures, as they moved through their respective academic journeys. And while both research current to the time of this writing and past research continued to be overwhelming in its stance that such policies and procedures were filled with negative unintended consequences, there was still little or no effort to abate such practices (Allensworth, 2004). This research explored whether student retention policies and procedures at the elementary level were addressed and exercised with consistency, practiced with fidelity, and fully understood by all who participated in the retention decision-making process. Furthermore, were those who are tasked with the decision to retain, doing so in a manner that provided each student considered for retention a process of fairness and equity. The researcher examined the impact of absence of systematic retention procedures through the lens of a mixedmethods research study of a large Midwest metropolitan school district. This study utilized two instruments to acquire data for the proposed research questions. The Teacher Retention Belief and Knowledge Questionnaire, used by Witmer, Hoffman, and Nottis (2004), followed by interviews of selected elementary principals and district assistant superintendents. The findings from this research proved inconclusive with regard to responses to intervention strategies, resource availability for retained students, and the employment of then-current research literature and practices as part of the student retention decision-making protocol.

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