Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Évaluation de la crédibilité'
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Tran, Quang vinh. "La crédibilité des recommandations électroniques : étude sur l’achat de livre en ligne." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100139/document.
Our research examines the role of online offers credibility in the customer judgment process and its determinants. 294 persons were requested to express their perception of online book offers credibility which were composed varying on their source and also on a number of reputation signals. This quasi-experiment aims for measuring impact of these factors on offer credibility but also for investigating influence of this one on consumer interest in offer and consequently on his purchase intention. Statistical analysis bases on a SEM model. The most important research finding shows that credibility mediates effects of reputation signals on consumer interest in offer. This element of interest, in turn, executes mediating effect on the causal relationship between credibility and purchase intention. Other results indicate that all the 4 reputation signals are positively associated, at the same amplitude, with perceived offer credibility. These effects are additive, which suggests that multiply these signals must be essential way for improving credibility. We found otherwise that credibility is also affected by consumer trust on the source and his interest manifested on the product category. Effect of trust is positive and remarkable while interest in the category effect is negative, which reveals that people with better knowledge level may be more skeptic than others in judgment process. According to these results, our proposal on the importance of credibility element in e-commerce activities is clear: look after the offer credibility is the nexus of merchants selling performance
Marques, Mourato Antoine. "Recueil du récit de vie et évaluation de la crédibilité dans la procédure de demande d'asile : les enjeux liés à la mémoire, au trauma et à la culture." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2023. https://dante.univ-tlse2.fr/s/fr/item/35854.
In 2022, the number of displaced individuals reached 108 million (UNHCR, 2023). Many of these people, forced into exile, cross borders in search of refuge abroad. Countries that are signatories to the Geneva Convention are obligated to provide refuge for any person who is a victim or threatened with persecution, should they seek it (UN, 1951). The identification of victims of persecution heavily relies on individual interviews and the assessment of the credibility of their narratives (e.g., Holland, 2018; Vogl, 2013). Due to the intercultural context of these interviews and the often traumatic nature of the events described, this credibility assessment proves to be 'one of the most complex instructional functions in industrialized societies' (Rousseau et al., 2002, p. 3). Restructuring asylum procedures is a priority for the European Union, aiming to standardize practices and establish effective, ethical, and evidence-based procedures, which are still largely undefined (Bernhard & Kaufmann, 2018; European University Institute 2021). This thesis aims to contribute to this effort by proposing interview methods tailored to the specific needs of the asylum procedure. The thesis consists of two empirical parts. In the first part, we mapped the needs, beliefs, and practices of social workers involved in the preparatory phase using interviews (Study 1), vignettes and questionnaires (Studies 2 and 3). In the subsequent part (Studies 4A, 4B, 5, and 6), we examined the impact of cultural and traumatic variables on episodic memory recall and subsequent credibility assessment through the analysis of transcripts and rejection notifications from asylum applications (86 cases, 10 267 question-response pairs). Our research helped identify the types of information sought during asylum interviews. The nature of these details varies according to the motive for application. Our findings reveal the influence of cultural and traumatic variables on the expression of psychological distance in descriptions of past experiences. Furthermore, we observed that the indicators used to challenge the credibility of an alleged experience differ depending on the psychological distance in its description, its traumatic nature, and the applicant's origin. The entire body of studies highlights the importance of offering asylum professionals more suitable interview methods. The recommendations of this thesis propose a training program that take into account the effects of trauma, cultural orientation, and the nature of the information being sought. These guidelines should aim to improve the understanding of traumatic memory, tailor questioning to cultural specificities and applicant vulnerabilities, and promote a relational approach during interviews. On a more fundamental level, this thesis contributes to cross-cultural psychology by shedding light on the effects of cultural orientation on the recall of personal experiences. It also contributes to forensic psychology by identifying the effects of culture and the traumatic nature of an experience on testimony, and by specifying the psycholinguistic correlates of credibility judgments. These results have implications for enhancing asylum procedures, contributing to a better understanding of key factors in the process, with the ultimate goal of ensuring more objective and reliable handling of asylum requests. In sum, this thesis provides insights into the mechanisms of asylum interviews, paving the way for new interview and credibility assessment methods
Lavigne, Anne. "La crédibilité des politiques monétaires." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100040.
Since the seminal paper by Kydland and Prescott, the non-cooperative dynamic game theory has proved to be a powerful instrument to design credible monetary policies. Monetary policy-making is perceived as a repeated game between the government and the private sector. In this context, we search for time consistent stategies, which provide better social outcomes than the non-cooperative stategies of the simple game, under different economic, informational and institutional settings. In a first part, monetary policy-making is viewed as a game in symmetric information. The first chapter presents the benchmark model inspired by Barro and Gordon. The second chapter is devoted to monetary policy-making within a framework in which monetary policy is restricted to the financial sector. The third chapter deals with the credibility problem in an open economy with flexible exchange rates. In a second part, the benchmark model is extended to assymetric information. The monetary authorities have a private information on their own preferences or on exogenous shocks. The third part shows how the existing institutions reduce or enhance the credibility of the central banks. For example, the financing of the budget deficit is likely to raise a conflict between the central bank and the government
Crettez, Bertrand. "Crédibilité, incohérence temporelle et politiques économiques." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010008.
Credibility, time inconsistency and economic policies we are concerned with the problem of the credibility of economie policies. We first survey the literature on the selection of credible economic policies in a democracy. Then, we study under what conditions, a european central bank depending on the national states for its informations may really be independend we propose and study a concept of economically rational expectations equilibrium. Then we try to clarify two problems : the difference between tco and tc1 policies and the difference between time consistent policies and game theory. Finally, we provide an exlpanation to the simultaneous decrease in the less developped countries of the taxes on capital and direct investments during the eighties
Keyers, Bertrand. "Tarification des accidents de travail. Méthode de crédibilité hiérarchique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212608.
Béhar, Céline. "Crédibilité de la politique monétaire : du concept à l'empirisme." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010057.
During the past decade, there has been a significant shift in attitude by many authorities of industrialized contries toward the objectives and the conduct of monetary policy. The new policy was deliberately made public and the opinion was that monetary and, specially stabilisation policy, is more effective if it is credible for private economic agents. The most general interpretation of credibility is "the extent to which beliefs about current and future course of economic policy are consistent with the program originally announced by policy makers", that is time inconsistency (Kydland and Prescott (1977)). The plan of the study is as follow. First part reviews some important concept of game theory, describes models with different asumption on information and discusses some empirical results. Second part is a research of the credibility of the French-Deutsche mark exchange rate using kalman filtering and target zone theory
Jérôme, Bruno. "Anticipations, crédibilité des politiques publiques et comportement politico-économiques." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010058.
Ellakani-Mardirossian, Amani. "La crédibilité du pacte de stabilité et de croissance." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32071.
Estavillo, Flores Maria Elena. "La crédibilité des programmes de stabilisation : une approche ludico-structuraliste." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100052.
Manioc, Olivier. "Coordination et crédibilité des politiques économiques dans un cadre intégré." Antilles-Guyane, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AGUY0163.
For years, European monetary union (EMU) will remain a major event in the world economic history. It affected both politicians in charge of national affairs and economic researchers. EMU re-opened old controversies and revealed new interests for forgotten projects concerning creation of monetary areas ail over the world. It generated the development of theoretical and empirical models designed to explore the relationship between economic actors in a monetary union. Our work follows this mainstream. Using neo-keynesian mechanisms, we built a model which includes features like imperfect trade between countries, dual markets of labor and unemployed labor forces. This framework is used to appreciate the relevance of two famous questions which received much attention before the creation of the EMU: the credibility of monetary policy and the coordination of budgetary policies. As expected, our results are deeply Iinked to our theoretical choices. Time inconsistency, which commonly generates the credibility problem, must be treated differently and our findings are unusual. Budgetary international coordination, without being totally excluded, looks difficult to promote due to numerous doubts associated to an active budgetary policy
Desquilbet, Jean-Baptiste. "Optimalité, crédibilité, coordination : essais en théorie de la politique économique." Paris 9, 1991. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1991PA090008.
The first part of the thesis deals with methodology: two objective causes of the lack of credibility of the a priori optimal economic policy are identified and discussed. The initial choice becomes obsolete both because the economic environment is altered by the reaction of the rational private sector and because preferences over economic policy change, as reflected by the swinging of democratically elected partisan politicians in office. The time-inconsistency of the first kind can be dealt with using a "technical" solution akin to perfect equilibrium strategies in game theory. The time-inconsistency of the second kind cannot, it is a "cost of democracy". The second part of the thesis deals with economic policy coordination within the framework of the European monetary system, and in the perspective of monetary unification. We give a politico-economic explanation for the ems : a fixed exchange rate regime allows to limit the politicians' ability to manipulate economic policy, and thus allows both participants to benefit from a reduction in fluctuations induced by the political business cycle. We point to the asymmetry in the preferences of member countries, particularly to the German aversion to inflation, as the source of the asymmetric operating of the ems. We show that it is necessary to assign to the monetary union's independent central bank the fight against inflation as unique goal, free of any internal conflict and thus true guarantee of monetary policy credibility. We discuss the costs of such a regime, in terms of employment stabilization, fiscal revenue and democratic control. We also show the benefits of fiscal coordination in a monetary union
Plazanet-Roudier, Françoise. "Publicité et entreprise responsable : application à la crédibilité de l'annonce-presse." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010029.
Lepastourel, Nadia. "La communication médiatique judiciaire : les effets du style d'écriture sur la réception d'articles de presse et les jugements." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204445.
Alaimi, Mohamed. "Théorie des zones cibles de change et crédibilité du système monétaire européen." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020030.
Warin, Thierry. "Crédibilité des banques centrales et discipline monétaire : un modèle en économie ouverte." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020075.
Sahut, Gilles. "Wikipédia, une encyclopédie collaborative en quête de crédibilité : le référencement en questions." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20094.
Wikipedia is an open-content encyclopedia that anyone can edit. Its editorial process is unique. Thus this study is focused on the users’ perception of its credibility and on the wikipedian community policy to guaranty it. One hypothesis might be that referencing is a way of guaranteeing the content's credibility which naturally leads to another question: how do the users/readers identify this rhetorical device? To approach the matter of the epistemic value of information, a documentary communication model combined with cognitive authority, trust, credibility and referencing is proposed. Firstly, a survey of 11 to 25 year-old students highlights that their trust for Wikipedia varies according to the level of studies. This level of trust is also influenced by the overall negative reputation of this encyclopedia in the academic community. Secondly we observe the effects of a project where students become editors to the encyclopedia. There is a clear improvement in the trust toward Wikipedia amongst students and teachers as they realize the importance of community policies and referencing. Finally, we analyze the changes in referencing policies and guidelines in the French Wikipedia as well as the controversies they provoked between 2002 and 2013. The historical and anthropological approach highlights how key the role of referencing to the wikipedian community is, in order to face the issues of epistemic trust. It also reveals the tensions inherent to the editorial policy of this project
Chounet, François. "Endettement public et crédibilité des accords monétaires : l'expérience de l'entre-deux guerres." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0004/document.
To understand the challenges linked to public debt in credibility of monetary agreementsbetween the World Wars, we shall study influence of public debt on the gold standard, from its founda-tion in the second half of the XIXth century to end during the Great Depression. The quality of publicfinances, in particular the public debt, was determining in the capacity of a nation to subscribe to thismonetary agreement. The public debt also had a decisive role in the end of these monetary systems, atthe end of World War I and during the Great Depression. In a second part, our approach will consistin understanding mechanisms which led public debt to be partly accountable for the end of the gold-exchange standard and the rise of new monetary blocks in the thirties. Facing the Great Depression, themodalities of organization and functioning of this monetary agreement, made impossible to sustain it. Ifeconomic and political variables were determining in its end, variables linked to public debt played too.Having described modalities of release of gold-exchange standard, we shall show the theoretical mecha-nisms which link monetary crisis and debts crisis and we will applied them to the Great Depression. Wewill study in particular the case of France. We shall show using a duration model, influence of publicdebt in preservation of gold parity during the crisis. Finally, we shall see how new monetary blocks formed
Garon, Geneviève. "Théorie de la crédibilité, modèles de Büehlmann et de Büehlmann-Straub et applications." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ38091.pdf.
Mahjoub-Ayoub, Ons. "Crédibilité des banques centrales et substitution des monnaies : la recherche de la qualité monétaire." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX32026.
Gruner, Hans-Peter. "Crédibilité des banques centrales et salaires nominaux en Europe : analyse théorique et résultats empiriques." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0023.
The thesis examines theoretically and empirically different solution concepts for the problem of time inconsistency of optimal plans for monetary policy under uncertainty on the central banker's preferences. In chapter 1, two signaling games of menetary policy are considered : game one examines welfare effects of monetary target announcements under uncertainty about the type of central banker in office. Game two examines the effect of hysteresis on the labour market on the results of the repeated monetary policy game. In chapter 2, i analyze a signaling game of monetary policy with a compact two dimensional type-space and increasing costs of deviations from target announcements. The empirical part is based on a game between a monopoly union and a central bank in the presence of labour turnover costs and imperfect credibility of monetary policy. A time-varying parameter model with nonstationary regression intercept is applied to the reduced-form wage and inflationequation of the model to test for changes in insider-power and central bank credibility in france, italy and germany
Vaslin, Jacques Marie. "Le marché des rentes françaises au XIXème siècle et la crédibilité financière de l'état." Orléans, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ORLE0502.
Gürbüz, Besek Zehra Yesim. "Crédibilité et efficacité de la politique de ciblage d'inflation en Turquie sur la période 2002-2006." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00298438.
Gürbüz, Beşek Zehra Yeşim. "Crédibilité et efficacité de la politique de ciblage d’inflation en Turquie sur la période 2002-2006." Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00298438/fr/.
Turkey has adopted an implicit inflation targeting regime between 2002 and 2005, and then inflation targeting became explicit since 2006. My thesis’s objective is to examine the credibility and efficiency of this monetary policy and to see whether it has improved the credibility of Central Bank of Republic of Turkey. This policy change has proved to be efficient in the early years: the seigniorage effect has significantly decreased, the inflation rate has fallen below 10% and growth rate of GDP was over 6%. Our study demonstrates theoretically it is a monetary policy, which avoids the inflationary bias and combines various measures of credibility improvement. Credibility is measured by inflation expectations. The empirical analysis of inflation expectations is based on errors of prevision. Our results shows that the expectations are adaptive and private agents’ errors are smaller and smaller in time. The decreasing yield curve indicates that the financial markets anticipate a disinflation between 2002 and 2005, but the curve increases again in 2006. These findings indicate that certain credibility has been provided but it is fragile. The econometric analysis by VECM of joint process of Central Bank’s and secondary market’s key rates points out the existence of a long term equilibrium rate defined by Central Bank. Seo tests result that the unfavorable geopolitical shocks didn’t affect the rates’ dynamics but the opening of the negotiations for Turkey to join the EU enhanced the efficiency of monetary policy
Noura, Khadija. "La requête d'asile et la constructionde sa crédibilité. Entre rationalisation et subjectivation des discours de l'exil." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0325/document.
This dissertation provides a theoretical explanation of two key topics: the models which exist to deal with the petitioners for refugee status and the framework that manages the procedures linked to assesing the biography of the respondents. The investigation of the procedures linked to the petitions of asylum results showed that in the best case situations the respondents were monitored by the counsellors ,association members, jurists or lawyers, etc.The investigation showed help was mainly administered to achieve the goals linked to the adminstrative procedures.This represents a form of sub-contracting. One of the features of this disseration was to understand how the pillars of credibility was constructed by actors involved in the framework comprising the right to exile, explain the role and the model used by the respondents in the procedures of asylums to acquire proof in face of the difficulties encountered, and the methods used to overcome the challenges by strategies linked to credibility. This examination required extracting key points of the arguments as the petitioner often lacks the neccessary documents to validate their statements, as well as from the transcripts provided of their arguments in writing or orally by an interpreter.The anaylsis of the actors that govern the procedures sets out to consider whether the methods of operation are consistent with the institutional requirements. The results of the research suggests that the respondents are flustered when confronted with the procedures of asylum.Other key factors that play a role in the result are language barriers, financial conditions,cultures,economic and social means that influence the capacity to fulfil the demands to achieve the status of refugee.The results also suggests the process of examining oneself as the subject which leads to the petitioner constructing a new identity in the procedures to achieve a refugee status
Prévost, Jean-Jacques. "Le financement des organismes sans but lucratif écorécréatifs : étude du potentiel relationnel et sollicitatif de leurs sites Web." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6531.
Al, Ali Samer. "La crédibilité de la source en communication persuasive : application sur la publicité des produits financiers " assurance-vie "." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010023.
Hemery, Baptiste. "Évaluation de l'interprétation d'images." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00583733.
El, Abed Mohamad. "Évaluation de système biométrique." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01007679.
Sawaya, Hanane. "Externalisation et évaluation d'entreprises." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32077.
This work adresses two important strategies concerning many to-day firms about outsourcing. Obviously it is not only firms to be interested but also States, people, and the xhole society. This problematic deserves to analyze the main components: history, politics, economic, laws, operational, marketing, accounting and finance, strategic, benchmarketing, information systems, and so on. This is what we try to enlight. Then, we shall be interested to value firms that are interested to change to outsourcing. Next, we shall study the problem of firm valuation in the context of outsourcing of activities, from the standard recent models till new models of LECOINTRE and the EVaLUCE model which will be adaptated to take into account new externalyzed situations. Finally we have set up an inquiry to know how CEO, or managers consider the problem of decentralisation. Our results show a relative bad knowledge of the decentralization processes and a strong need to receive help from State or other Institution
El, Abed Mohamad. "Évaluation de systèmes biométriques." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2072.
Biometric systems are increasingly used to verify or identify the identity of an individual. Given the challenges related to their use, mainly for e-commerce applications or physical access control (border control), it is important to have an evaluation methodology of such systems. The problematic addressed in this thesis is the design of a modality-independent evaluation methodology of biometric systems. The challenges are many such as the comparison of biometric systems for a particular application, the evaluation of an algorithm during its development or in setting its optimal parameters. We propose in this thesis a quality assessment method of biometric raw data. The proposed method has the advantage of being independent from the biometric modality, and the used verification system. Five public databases are used to validate the proposed method. We have also developed two evaluation methods related to the usability and the security aspects of a biometric system. The first consists of measuring users' acceptance and satisfaction when using biometric systems. The second consists of measuring the system (architecture and algorithms) robustness against attacks. The two presented methods have the advantage of being modality-independent. Three biometric authentication systems are used to show the benefits of both methods
Assielou, N'Doli. "Évaluation des processus d'innovation." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL111N/document.
Innovation represents a vital process for companies to insure their development. Several actions and new strategies are implemented by companies to increase their performances and so face market requirements. A good knowledge of both the innovation process and the company organization is necessary to allow the top management to manage them effectively and to adapt them to the challenges and the changes in their environment. Consequently, it is important for the companies to have tools and methods to measure continuously their innovation activities. The objective of our research is to suggest a framework to measure innovation capacities of companies based on a set of fifteen innovation practices, each practice is subdivided into several criteria which are directly observable phenomena in company. The methodological approach is based on the multicriteria aggregation method and the use of statistical notion of value-test to propose a typology of innovative companies of four classes (proactive, preactive, reactive and passive). An experimental study was led on a sample group of twenty French industrial companies. A software implementing our methodological proposition was developed. It allows to analyze and to estimate the innovative processes of a set of companies, to allocate them to a class and to give them recommendations for the relevant actions to follow to increase their innovation potential. This research proposes an effective decision-aid tool that helps in the innovation management
Gamar, Aziz. "Évaluation économique des séquences d'exploitation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0020/MQ51138.pdf.
Willot, Paul. "Pédagogie de l'auto-évaluation animée." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100286.
Kara-Falah, Riad. "Segmentation d'images : coopération, fusion, évaluation." Chambéry, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CHAMS010.
Dumas, Sophie. "Évaluation d'architectures à objets distribués." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998VERS0011.
Jemmar, Soufiane. "L' évaluation en droit fiscal." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010286.
SCHMITT, ANDRE. "Obligations convertibles : motivation, évaluation, gestion." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR1EC01.
This dissertation is divided into two parts. The first one addresses the question of why companies issue convertible bonds. In particular, we develop a rationale for the use of convertible bonds by innovative firms. We show how the desire to achieve a high stock price which induces corporate managers to behave myopically, inflating current earning at the expense of longer term benefits, can be mitigated by the issue of these securities. The second part is devoted to the valuation of convertible bonds. We propose a model which is based on a more natural approach where the conversion right is viewed as a flow exchange option instead of a long term call option. The randomness affects the underlying stock price through a binomial model of the dividend growth rate. This new approach enables us to overcome the limits of the models using the techniques underlying the Black Scholes option model. The variance of return of the stock price is stochastic and the American feature of the convertible bond is taken into account. An empirical test confirms that the model behaves well for most French convertible bonds
Ittah-Anahory, Tal. "Évaluation des risques de l'ISCI." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON11118.
Monguillon, Myriam. "L'atropho-hypertrophie hépatique induite : évaluation." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR23020.
Azibi, Jamel. "Qualité d’audit, comité d’Audit et crédibilité des états financiers après le scandale Enron : approche empirique dans le contexte Français." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM0950/document.
At the end of 2001, the scandal series was announced in the US context. Several scandals, especially the Eron failure, were revealed in the first stage by the media. The main purpose of this research is to study the impact of the new reform, in audit after Enron scandal, on auditor independence, audit comity and financial statement credibility. Three operational objectives have been treated in this study. First, we have analyzed the effects of Enron scandal on financial market reaction, auditor choice and auditor conservatism in the French context. Second, we have investigated the impact of the new reform on the auditor independence. Finally, we have examined the effect of audit committee on financial statement credibility after the adoption of the Bouton Report in 2002.The empirical results have shown that the presence of the Non-Big4 members in the legal audit process have minimized the negative effect of the reaction of the SBF 250. However, the perception of the foreign institutional investors has not changed significantly for the Big4 audit services. This auditor group (Big4) does not justify the production of the audit quality compared to other auditors in France. To restore confidence in the financial market, the French legislative authority has created the H3C. The empirical results have revealed that the establishment of the H3C has ameliorated the auditor independence. Hence, the announcement of the launch of H3C disciplinary activity after 2005 has not had a significant effect on auditor independence. In contrast, the appearance of the Bouton Report in 2002 and the reform related to the internal control depend on the audit committee characteristics (expertise and independence audit committee members)
Aubert, Ludovic. "Crédibilité et interdépendance des politiques monétaires : choix et soutenabilité d'un régime de change : réflexions théoriques applicables aux relations monétaires européennes." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0054.
The economic scene displayed by western countries has been deeply altered these last decades. Constraints faced economic decision makers in their choices has been therefore transformed. Politicians and economists' speeches are so agreeing to, of coordination and credibility of economic policies. This thesis considers the study in a homogeneous theoritical framework related to a two-countries model, these two issues applied to the monetary policy and henceforth to outline the implications or the choice and sustainability of a exchange rate regime. The first part considers a comparative analysis of exchange rate systems, which are supposed intangible. The second one is referring to the possibility of each state to support a contrained exchange rate system within a dynamic framework where phenomenous of reputation and retaliation are involving
Onifade, Olufade Falade Williams. "A model for information risks management in economic intelligent systems." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN21007/document.
Subjective estimation and perception, complexity of the environment under study, interaction amongst subsystems, lack of precise data, missing data, limited information processing capacity and ambiguity in natural languages are major forms of uncertainty facing Decision Makers in the process of delivering strategic decisions in economic intelligent systems. This study employs soft computing paradigm to capture and analyze uncertainty based on information risk factors via our proposed knowledge reconciliation model based on ontology and the FuzzyWatch model. We modeled the process of decision making from the point of problem definition to decision delivery (translation credibility) and include intangible factors with the fish-bone architecture. Ontological framework for Knowledge Reconciliation was developed to facilitate knowledge sharing and reuse among both human and computer agents while intangible factors, emotions and ambiguities in natural languages were captured with fuzzy membership function. We extended this operation with fuzzy that is – what ontology captures is interpreted by fuzzy techniques (FuzzOntology). The fuzzy match relation for information retrieval tagged “FuzzyWatch” improves the information search result thus reducing the risk of missing data which is of grave consequence in Economic Intelligence process. FuzzOntological model facilitates a flexible means of capturing intangible and uncertain factors as a means of resolving the ambiguity in natural languages. FuzzyWatch assists in reducing missing data problems. Future decisional process will contend with lesser information retrieval risks in Economic Intelligence process using this model
Diab, Hassan. "Évaluation de méthodes formelles de spécification." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0020/MQ56896.pdf.
Bergeron, Mélanie. "Évaluation des performances du scanner LabPET." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4008.
Henni, Samir. "Physiopathologie et évaluation de l'ischémie d'effort." Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0004.
Exercise ischemia is characterized by the inability of the circulatory system to fulfil the increased need forenergy substrates and the oxygen needed for substrates’ metabolism. Claudication is a major cause of functional limitation. There are several methods for assessing macrocirculation (mainly ultrasound imaging) and microcirculation (iontophoresis, tourniquet test, local temperature modification with Laser or Speckle recording. If ultrasound techniques can explore the occurrence of lesions is not optimal to evaluate the hemodynamic consequences because pressure measurements do not necessarily correlate with flow impairment. Laser techniques are not appropriate during exercise tests and need to be improved to be applicable. During exercise the severity of arterial ischemia depends on collateral circulation. Further ischemia is reversible at the end of exercise. Although research of restingarterial ischemia has been extensively studied few isknown in arterial ischemia during exercise, but al soin other physiopathological dysfunctions that may interfere with muscle function (exercise-inducedhypoxemia). The measurement of the transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure (TcpO2) during exercise estimates during exercise the importance of ischemia, limb segment by limbsegment, bilaterally and continuously. With this new technique we try to investigate the Physiopathology of vascular ischemia during exercise
Defeuilly, Jean-François. "Déshydrogénation de l'éthylbenzène : évaluation de catalyseurs." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT009G.
Lihoreau, Bertrand. "Réfrigérateur thermoacoustique "compact" : modélisation, conception, évaluation." Le Mans, 2002. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2002/2002LEMA1014.pdf.
In recent years, there has been a strong motivation for designing new thermoacoustic refrigerators involvong smaller dimensions and lower power consumption. Attempts to develop practical devices have been concentrated on both reducing th escale of the classical refrigerators and adapting piezoelectric sources. But the need for providing advances in modelling and designing miniaturized systems arises when dealing with the heat transfert from microelectronic components. Therefore, the aim of the work done on this subject is threefold : -i- To invistigate analytically the behaviour of the coupling between piezoelectric sources and thermoacoustic resonators, using a revisited description for the acoustically loaded piezoelectric system which conveys significant improvements and new (unexpected) results, -ii- To derive a method, extending analytical results available in the literature, to identify more deeply the parameters which govern the optimal behaviour of the core of the thermoacoustic systems (here the highest temperature gradient allowed in the stack), -iii- To design a miniaturized compact thermoacoustic refrigerator using the theoretical results obtained from the method mentioned above, and to show agreements and discrepancies between theoretical and experimental results. Requirements that have to be taken into account in the design of new kind of miniaturized compact thermoacoustic refrigerators (using MEMS techniques for the core and adapted piezoelectric transducers) can be adressed from results obtained and the ideas conveyed in this work
El, Kassmi Ahmed. "Polymères conducteurs fluorés : synthèse et évaluation." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10234.
Honobé, Hoang Erik. "Évaluation stratégique d'entreprises par méthodes neuronales." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020104.
Nocca, David. "Évaluation des procédures de chirurgie bariatrique." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T025.