Relevant bibliographies by topics / EV MARKET

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'EV MARKET'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 17 November 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "EV MARKET"

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Dodig, Ante, and Milica Bugarčić. "Capital market efficiency in transitioning Southeastern European countries." Ekonomski vjesnik 36, no. 1 (2023): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.51680/ev.36.1.5.

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Purpose: This paper is a continuation of research in the series that examines the weak form of the efficient capital markets theorem in Southeast European transitioning economies. Model modifications are based on learnings through the previously established inapplicability of foreign exchange metrics. At the same time, the model is being expanded by incorporating new research markets, extending the time coverage to the longest duration to date, between 2005 and 2021, to cover economic bust and recovery periods and research inherent improvements in the capital market context, and adding new variables to provide more sturdiness and conclusiveness. Methodology: The paper applies the panel pooled mean group estimator by aggregating cross-country data. By using level series prime data instead of differentials, this method enables efficient use of information and resolves at best the identified market shallowness. Results: The statistical results of empirical research infer the inefficiency of the investigated markets with greater robustness and supplementary new information revealing more powerful corrective investor and policy behavior in collectively more mature markets. Conclusions: The findings firmly reiterate subpar capital markets performance in a prolonged and more comprehensive environment. The recommendations conclusively emphasize the importance of structural reforms to support sustainability through elementary setup drivers, such as transparency, governance, judiciary productivity, and policy support, inter alia.
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Jošić, Hrvoje, and Berislav Žmuk. "Modeling stock market volatility in Croatia." Ekonomski vjesnik 34, no. 2 (2021): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51680/ev.34.2.14.

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Purpose: In this paper, the volatility of the Croatian stock market index CROBEX is investigated using the GARCH(1,1) model. Methodology: The novelty provided by this paper is the estimation of the GARCH(1,1) model by using three conditional error distributions (normal (Gaussian) distribution, Student’s-distribution with fixed degrees of freedom and generalized error distribution (GED) with fixed parameters). Results: The findings obtained in the research are in the line with previous research in this field (Erjavec & Cota, 2007; Sajter & Ćorić, 2009). The volatility of CROBEX returns is positively correlated with the volume of trade on the Zagreb Stock Exchange and movements on the main European and American stock markets. The movement of S&P 500 stock market index returns is transmitted from the previous day, providing signals for the direction of change of CROBEX index returns in the present. Conclusion: Therefore, this paper provides evidence that investors in Croatia strongly rely on the past information received from the American S&P500 stock market index. Furthermore, there seems to exist the co-movement between CROBEX and main European indexes on the same trading day.
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Shen, Bowen. "Competitive Strategies for OTA Services: Adapting the Strategic Clock for Tesla." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 11 (May 9, 2023): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v11i.7937.

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The electronic vehicle (EV) market is radically growing in the automotive industry, while OTA services have become one of the main focuses of EV companies’ competition. By applying the “strategic clock” model, this article analyzes feasible competitive strategies for Tesla’s OTA services and gives possible suggestions for EV companies to optimize their OTA services. The author first introduces Tesla's OTA services' content and pricing strategies. And then, feasible strategies are analyzed in 8 paths in the “strategic clock”. Finally, the previous analysis proposes several suggestions for Tesla and other companies to develop their OTA services. This article may play a positive role in the EV industry by improving competitiveness in OTA services. As the EV market grows, the EV markets will witness fierce competition in OTA services in the future.
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Lemire, Sebastian, Leslie A. Fierro, Alana R. Kinarsky, Emi Fujita-Conrads, and Christina A. Christie. "The U.S. Federal Evaluation Market." New Directions for Evaluation 2018, no. 160 (September 7, 2018): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ev.20343.

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Darak, Siddhesh, and Divya Bhanushali. "Current Indian Car Market and EV Adaptation." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 1368–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48213.

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HATTA, Hiroyuki. "Market Potential of Demand Response Using EV." Journal of The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan 143, no. 9 (September 1, 2023): 572–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjournal.143.572.

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Fu, Yining. "The Influence of Consumption Subsidy Policy on Chinas Domestic Electric Vehicle Market -- Take BYD as Example." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 23, no. 1 (September 13, 2023): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/23/20230374.

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Chinas consumption subsidy policy is considered as a dominant factor in promoting the development of the domestic electric vehicle (EV) market, and companies like BYD have benefited from this policy. BYD, one of the leading EV manufacturers in China, has seen significant growth in EV sales since introducing the subsidy policy. This paper examines the influence that Chinas EV subsidy policy brings to BYD, highlighting the pros and cons of the policy and the challenges and opportunities faced by EV manufacturers in China. Specifically, the policy has helped to make EVs more affordable and accessible to consumers, but it has also led to overcapacity and intense competition among manufacturers. The policy has also been criticized for being too heavily focused on subsidies and insufficient on other measures, such as infrastructure development, necessary for the EV markets growth. By examining the subsidy policies and market performance of BYD, this paper highlights the effectiveness as well as drawbacks of the subsidy policy and the challenges and opportunities faced by EV manufacturers in China.
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Kern, Timo, Patrick Dossow, and Serafin von Roon. "Integrating Bidirectionally Chargeable Electric Vehicles into the Electricity Markets." Energies 13, no. 21 (November 6, 2020): 5812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215812.

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Replacing traditional internal combustion engine vehicles with electric vehicles (EVs) proves to be challenging for the transport sector, particularly due to the higher initial investment. As EVs could be more profitable by participating in the electricity markets, the aim of this paper is to investigate revenue potentials when marketing bidirectionally chargeable electric vehicles in the spot market. To simulate a realistic marketing behavior of electric vehicles, a mixed integer linear, rolling horizon optimization model is formulated considering real trading times in the day-ahead and intraday market. Results suggest that revenue potentials are strongly dependent on the EV pool, the user behavior and the regulatory framework. Modeled potential revenues of EVs of current average size marketed with 2019 German day-ahead prices are found to be at around 200 €/EV/a, which is comparable to other findings in literature, and go up to 500 €/EV/a for consecutive trading in German day-ahead and intraday markets. For future EVs with larger batteries and higher efficiencies, potential revenues for current market prices can reach up to 1300 €/EV/a. This study finds that revenues differ widely for different European countries and future perspectives. The identified revenues give EV owners a clear incentive to participate in vehicle-to-grid use cases, thereby increasing much needed flexibility for the energy system of the future.
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Brdulak, Anna, Grażyna Chaberek, and Jacek Jagodziński. "BASS Model Analysis in “Crossing the Chasm” in E-Cars Innovation Diffusion Scenarios." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 3216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113216.

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In the face of contemporary ecological problems, including the influence of transport and mobility on the greenhouse effect, policy makers see a solution in the technology of electric vehicles (EVs). This innovation has appeared in the automotive market around the world. In this article, Rogers’ innovation diffusion concept was used to determine if and when EVs could replace combustion engine vehicles. The aim of the article is to analyze the current situation of innovative electric vehicle (EV) technology on the European Union (EU) market and the potential and possible directions of its market diffusion. As a result of the analysis of the current situation of the EU automotive markets, three groups of countries with different market conditions regarding the development of EV technology were distinguished. The classification was carried out using the K-means clustering algorithm, based on the current level of innovation and the level of development of the LPG-(Liquefied Petroleum Gas) powered car market. Then, a group of countries with the greatest advancement in EV technology was selected for further research and market diffusion scenarios were created for this innovation using the Bass model, assuming the target market size of 70–100% of all passenger cars.
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Ahuja, Jyoti, Louis Dawson, and Robert Lee. "A circular economy for electric vehicle batteries: driving the change." Journal of Property, Planning and Environmental Law 12, no. 3 (August 26, 2020): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jppel-02-2020-0011.

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Purpose With the UK’s accelerating plans to transition to electric mobility, this paper aims to highlight the need for policies to prepare for appropriate management of electric vehicle (EV) lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as they reach the end of their life. Design/methodology/approach This is a regulatory review based on projections of EV LIBs coming off the market and associated problems of waste management together with the development of a servitisation model. Findings Circular economy in EV LIBs is unlikely to shape itself because LIB recycling is challenging and still in development. LIB volumes are insufficient for recycling to be currently profitable, and a circular economy here will need to be driven by regulatory intervention. Ignoring the problem carries potentially high environmental and health costs. This paper offers potential solutions through new EV ownership models to facilitate a circular economy. Research limitations/implications The authors suggest a new EV ownership model. However, despite environmental benefits, re-shaping the fundamentals of market economies can have disruptive effects on current markets. Therefore, further exploration of this topic is needed. Also, the data presented is based on future projections of EV markets, battery lifespan, etc., which are uncertain at present. These are to be taken as estimates only. Originality/value The paper proposes regulatory interventions or incentives to fundamentally change consumer ideas of property ownership for EVs, so that EV automotive batteries remain the property of the manufacturer even when the consumer owns the car.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "EV MARKET"

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Persson, Eva, and Caroline Ståhlberg. "PE and EV/EBITDA Investment Strategies vs. the Market : A Study of Market Efficiency." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8232.

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Background:

The efficient market hypothesis states that it is not possible to consistently outperform the overall stock market by stock picking and market timing. This is because, in an efficient market, all stock prices are at their correct level, and there are no over- or undervalued stocks. Nevertheless, deviations from true price can occur according to the hypothesis, but when they do they are always random. Thus, the only way an investor can perform better than the overall stock market is by being lucky. However, the efficient market hypothesis is very controversial. It is often discussed within the area of modern financial theory and there are strong arguments both for and against it.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether it is possible to outperform the overall stock market by investing in stocks that are undervalued according to the enterprise multiple (EV/EBITDA), and the price-earnings ratio.

Realization of the Study:

Portfolios were constructed based on information from five years, 2001 to 2005. Each year two portfolios were put together, one of them consisting of the six stocks with the lowest price-earnings ratio, and the other consisting of the six stocks with the lowest EV/EBITDA. Each portfolio was kept for one year and the unadjusted returns as well as the risk adjusted returns of the portfolios were compared to the returns on the two indexes OMXS30 and AFGX. The sample consisted of the 30 most traded stocks on the Nordic Stock Exchange in Stockholm 2006.

Conclusion:

The study shows that it is possible to outperform the overall stock market by investing in undervalued stocks according the price-earnings ratio and the EV/EBITDA. This indicates that the market is not efficient, even in its weak form.

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Bochkareva, Ekaterina. "Low EV/EBITDA multiple: inefficient market or a hidden potential for Fortuna Entertainment Group?" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264394.

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This thesis was initiated by Penta Investment as a reaction on the significant difference in EV EBITDA multiple of Fortuna and its peers, European listed betting and gaming companies. It seeks to find the reason for more than twice higher multiple and a possibility to increase it by applying best international practices in case there is a feasible way to do it for Fortuna. Three hypotheses address the possible reasons for the difference, peers incomparability, market inefficiency and opportunity for Fortuna to increase the multiple by bringing the most influential KPIs the average level of its peers. The analysis is done with a help of comparative analysis, benchmarking, regression analysis and interviews of equity analysts. As a result, action plan for increasing EV EBITDA multiple for Fortuna is developed.
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Alkubaisy, Amro, and Calle Söderberg. "I jakten på avkastning : Genererar EV/S eller EV/EBITDA högst avkastning med en multipelstrategi?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177795.

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Background: In recent years, a record amount of people has turned towards various stock markets to invest in the boom that has been present since the financial crisis. To get the portfolio to be profitable or even more profitable than the market, is a goal that can be hard to achieve, where certain previous research proves that it is possible to outperform the market, while other research proves the opposite. A factor that refutes the individual’s ability to outperform the market is the human beings’ psychological behavior, which can cause irrational investment decisions. To circumvent the psychology behind investment decisions,several investment strategies have been formed throughout history, one of them being a multiple-strategy. Due to the rise in popularity of investing, it is of interest to analyze whether a multiple-strategy is successful in creating profitability.  Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyze the multiples EV/S and EV/EBITDA as a multiple-strategy to observe which one generates the highest return for the companies on OMX Stockholm.  Methodology: With the aim of best achieving the purpose of the study, a quantitative method has been used with a deductive approach. With a selection of 251 companies through the period 2010-2019, eight portfolios have been created containing the 20 highest respectively the 20 lowest EV/S- or EV/EBITDA-multiples, with a holding period of either three or twelve months.  Results: The study shows that high EV/S- and EV/EBITDA-multiples as well as low EV/EBITDA-multiples successfully outperform the comparing index over a nine-year period. Low EV/S-multiples do not achieve the same performance. The portfolio with highEV/EBITDA-multiples with a holding period of three months yielded the highest return.
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Österberg, Viktor. "Electric Vehicle Charging Station Markets : An analysis of the competitive situation." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2018.

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Electric Vehicles represent a small niche market today, but is predicted to grow rapidly over the next years. In order to prepare for this upcoming trend it is the networks of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCS) must expand, leading to an increasing demand for EVCSs. The EVCS market is thus becoming increasingly more popular to companies, and therefore this study’s purpose is to investigate this market and its competitive situation. The method used in this study includes a brief market analysis and a competitor analysis. The market analysis includes identification of the EVCS markets together assessing the future of the markets, and identification of EVCS market drivers and restraints. The competitor analysis includes competitor identification, classification and analysis. The top ten competitors are analyzed by the use of document content analysis, the analysis involves understanding the competitors’ target customers, how they do business and how their marketing material is structured. The three most promising EVCS markets, both currently and in the future, are the Asia Pacific, Europe and the North America markets. Most of the top competitors are active within these three markets. Regional developments, and market drivers and restraints of these markets have been identified. The opportunities in the EVCS markets are many as they are relatively unexploited markets without any actual market leaders, and also that all markets are predicted to grow at a very high rate over the coming decade in parallel with the projected mass adoption if Electric Vehicles (EVs).
Idag utgör elfordon endast en liten nischmarknad i transportmarknaden, men denna förväntas växa snabbt under de närmaste åren. För att kunna hantera marknadsetableringen av elfordon måste elfordonsladdningsinfrastrukturen byggas ut, vilket leder till en ökad efterfrågan på elfordonsladdningsstationer. Elfordonsladdningsmarknaden förespås således bli allt mer intressant för företag. Detta examensarbete genomförs på grund av detta växande intresse, då studiens syfte är att undersöka elfordonsladdstationsmarknaden och dess konkurrenssituation. Metoden som används i denna studie inbegriper en kort marknadsanalys och en konkurrensanalys. Marknadsanalysen innehåller identifiering av elfordonsladdningsmarknaderna, vad som driver och hindrar marknaderna, och en bedömning av hur framtiden ser ut för marknaderna. I konkurrensanalysen ingår identifiering, klassificering och analys av de olika konkurrenterna. De tio mest konkurrenskraftiga konkurrenterna analyseras med hjälp av dokumentinnehållsanalys, syftet med analysen är att förstå konkurrenternas målgrupper, hur de gör affärer och hur deras marknadsföringsmaterial är strukturerad. De tre mest lovande elfordonsladdningsmarknaderna, både nu och i framtiden, är marknaderna i Asien och Stillahavsområdet, Europa och Nordamerika. De flesta av de analyserade konkurrenterna är verksamma inom dessa tre marknader. Den regionala utvecklingen, och vad som driver och begränsar marknaderna har identifierats för de tre mest lovande marknaderna. Eftersom dessa marknader är relativt oexploaterade i samband med att de förväntas växa med väldigt hög takt det kommande decenniet parallellt med massanvändningen av elfordon är möjligheterna många för de företag som inriktar sig mot elbilsladdning.
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Haeger, Christiansson Jacob, and Leo Hellqvist. "Relativvärdering som investeringsstrategi inom olika branscher : En kvantitativ studie om vilka multiplar som presterar bäst i sex undersökta branscher på Stockholmsbörsen." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-167786.

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Abstract Background: The popularity of stocks in Sweden is high and with the prevailing low interest climate investors must invest in stocks to earn return on their investment. Achieving a higher return than the market has been a continuous struggle for professional as well as private investors. Having an investment strategy is of great importance because it helps the investor make rational decisions, avoid psychological traps, and prevents them from losing out on possible return. Investing in securities with different characteristics diversifies the portfolio and reduces the total risk taken. Therefore, an interest among investors in examining whether multiple valuation is a fitting investment strategy should exist. Further to examine if there are any multiples that are especially suited for specific branches. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyze which multiple of P/E, P/BV, EV/S and EV/EBITDA generates the highest risk-adjusted return through relative valuation within six branches on the Stockholm Stock Exchange. The study also aims to analyze whether high or low multiples generates the highest risk adjusted return in a Bull Market and try to explain why. Method: Too achieve the purpose, a quantitative study with an abductive approach has been used. An analysis of historical stock prices and multiples has been made. A total of 48 portfolios have been constructed including high respectively low P/E, P/BV, EV/S and EV/EBITDA multiples. The portfolios have been weighted on a yearly basis and afterwards compared with several risk-adjustment tools. The risk-adjusted return has thereafter been compared to a general index too make it possible to draw conclusions. Result: The result implies that it is statistically assured that investors can achieve a higher return than index by using multiple valuation as an investment strategy in four out of six examined branches. A difference in return among the branches and portfolios can be concluded and there were in total 18 out of 48 portfolios that showed a higher risk-adjusted return in which twelve were statistically assured. statistically assured higher return than the chosen index. Keywords: Multiple Valuation, Relative Valuation, Branches, P/E, P/BV, EV/S, EV/EBITDA, Stock Market Psychology, Bull Market.
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Rydman, William, and August Forsberg. "Teoretiska multiplar som investeringsstrategi : En kvantitativ studie om fundamentala värdedrivare och gapet mellan teori och praktik i relativvärdering." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-170296.

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Title: Theoretical multiples as an investment strategy Authors: August Forsberg och William Rydman Supervisor: Øystein Fredriksen Background: Whether it is possible to generate excess return over time has been debated throughout the history and the results of previous research have found it possible. One approach to generate excess return is by using relative valuation. Even though there are theories on how to conduct the valuation method, a lot of actors in the market simplifies and misinterpret relative valuation. This leads onto the question if the gap between theory and practice has grown too big and if the common mistakes in relative valuation might be counteracted by calculating and using theoretical multiples as an investment strategy. Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze whether theoretical multiples can identify mispricing’s in the stock market. Further, the authors aim to examine if it is possible to generate excess return and a more accurate valuation by calculating the difference between theoretical- and reported multiples. Methodology: To achieve the aim of the study, a quantitative method with a deductive approach has been used. The study examines Swedish listed companies at OMX Stockholm Large Cap during the period 2008 to 2018. In order to evaluate the investment strategy, comparative portfolios have been designed based on the difference between theoretical and reported multiples. A total of eight portfolios have been constructed with low respectively high P/E, EV/EBITDA, P/BV and EV/Sales, where the portfolios are weighted once a year. Results: The study's results show that theoretical multiples work as an investment strategy for generating excess returns. In three out of four multiples, the overvalued shares performed better than the undervalued ones. By contrast, the undervalued shares generate higher riskadjusted returns than the overvalued ones. Although the psychological element in relative valuation is reduced by the investment strategy, the authors conclude that the share prices are largely influenced by other actors in the market. Key words: Efficient market hypothesis, Excess return, Investment strategies, Relative valuation, Multiples, Theoretical multiples, P/E, EV/EBITDA, P/BV, EV/Sales.
Titel: Teoretiska multiplar som investeringsstrategi Författare: August Forsberg och William Rydman Handledare: Øystein Fredriksen Bakgrund: Huruvida det är möjligt att generera överavkastning över tid har länge diskuterats och tidigare forskning menar att det är möjligt. Ett tillvägagångssätt för att generera överavkastning är att använda sig av relativvärdering. Trots att det finns teorier om hur värderingsmetoden ska genomföras, förenklas och misstolkas relativvärdering ofta av aktörer på marknaden. Det leder in på frågan om gapet mellan teori och praktik har blivit för stort samt om värderingsmetodens fallgropar kan motverkas genom beräkningen av teoretiska multiplar som investeringsstrategi. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att analysera om teoretiska multiplar kan identifiera felprissättningar på marknaden. Vidare ämnar studien att undersöka om det genom att beräkna differensen mellan teoretiska- och redovisade multiplar går att generera överavkastning och en mer precis värdering. Metod: För att uppnå syftet med studien har en kvantitativ metod med deduktiv ansats använts. Studien undersöker bolag noterade på OMX Stockholm Large Cap under perioden 2008 till 2018. För att utvärdera investeringsstrategin har jämförelseportföljer utifrån differensen mellan teoretiska och redovisade multiplar utformats. Totalt har åtta portföljer konstruerats med låga respektive höga P/E, EV/EBITDA, P/BV och EV/Sales där portföljerna viktas om en gång per år. Resultat: Studiens resultat visar att teoretiska multiplar fungerar som investeringsstrategi för att generera överavkastning. I tre av fyra multiplar har de övervärderade aktierna presterat bättre än de undervärderade. Däremot genererar de undervärderade aktierna högre riskjusterad avkastning än de övervärderade. Även om det psykologiska inslaget i relativvärdering minskas av investeringsstrategin, blir författarnas slutsats att aktiekurserna till stor del påverkas av andra aktörer på marknaden. Sökord: Effektiva marknadshypotesen, Överavkastning, Investeringsstrategi, Relativvärdering, Multiplar, Teoretiska multiplar, P/E, EV/EBITDA, P/BV, EV/Sales.
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BUSK, ANDREY, and WARRENSTEIN ARVID JOELSSON. "Market analysis for electric vehicle supply equipment : The case of China." Thesis, KTH, Hållbarhet och industriell dynamik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-157997.

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Personliga eldrivna fordon (EV) är ett nytt teknikområde som är på väg att uppnå stort momentum på flera av världens marknader. Eftersom branschen fortfarande ligger i sin linda finns det i nuläget inga tydliga strukturer, som gäller för alla marknader världen över, gällande relationerna mellan aktörer, vilket leder till osäkerheter när det kommer till att ta strategiska beslut. Uppdragsgivaren för denna studie är Hong Kong EV Power Ltd. (EV Power), en Hongkong-baserad leverantör av laddningsstationer för elbilar och relaterade tjänster, som har ambitionen att inträda marknaden på det kinesiska fastlandet inom den närmaste framtiden. Emellertid har EV Power ännu inte bestämt sig vilken stad de vill rikta in sig på i det första skedet. Denna avhandling ämnar formulera en modell som kan användas för att utvärdera och jämföra geografiska marknader med avseende på lämpligheten för ett marknadsinträde av en leverantör av laddningsstationer för elbilar. Dessutom kommer modellen testas på tre städer på kinas fastland (Peking, Shanghai och Shenzhen), med syfte att komma fram till vilken stad som är mest attraktiv för EV Power, samt att utvärdera modellens funktionsduglighet. Sist kommer resultaten från utvärderingen av de tre städerna att tjäna som utgångspunkten för en analys som ämnar ta fram framgångsfaktorer för ett marknadsinträde på kinas fastland. För att uppnå detta har fyra olika datainsamlingsmetoder använts: Först studerades teori, med syfte att få bakgrundskunskap likväl som att få förståelse för specifika faktorer som påverkar ett marknadsinträde som detta. För det andra observerades EV Powers nuvarande verksamhet i Hong Kong, i avsikt att förstå vad som har lett till den framgång som företaget upplevt på sin hemmamarknad. För det tredje intervjuades branschexperter för att få ett perspektiv på branschen som helhet. Sist samlades sekundär data kring de tre städerna in, för att kunna utvärdera de olika faktorerna som ingår i den framtagna modellen. Den slutgiltiga modellen består av fem faktorer som påverkar en stads attraktivitet för ett marknadsinträde av en leverantör av laddningsstationer för elbilar. De identifierade faktorerna är: ’Marknadens tillgänglighet’, ’Kortsiktig efterfrågan’, ’Förväntad marknadsandel’, ’Vinstmarginal’ och ’Långsiktig produktpotential’. Dessa faktorer är i sin tur indelade i subfaktorer som har sina egna uppsättningar av drivare. Efter att ha använt modellen för att utvärdera de tre städerna konstaterades det att Shanghai är den lämpligaste staden för ett marknadsinträde av EV Power, främst på grund av stadens dominans på marknaden för privatanvända elbilar och ett gynnsamt regelverk. Slutligen hittades tre framgångsfaktorer för ett sådant inträde: ’Fokusera på tjänster’, ’Bibehåll partner-relationer’ och ’Inträd tidigt’.
Personal electric vehicles (EV) is an emerging technology that has gained much momentum in several markets during the past decade, and China is currently one of the markets where the growth in EV sales is the highest. Since the industry is still in its infancy, there are currently no clear structures regarding the relationships between different actors that apply to all markets globally, leading to great uncertainty in strategic decisions. The commissioner of this study is Hong Kong EV Power Ltd. (EV Power), a producer of EV supply equipment (EVSE) and related services in Hong Kong, which aspires to enter the Chinese mainland in the near future. However, EV Power has yet to decide which city they want to target first. This thesis aims to formulate a model that can be used to evaluate and compare geographic markets for a market entry by an EVSE company. Furthermore, the model is tested on three cities in Mainland China (Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen), in order to derive the most attractive city for EV Power and to evaluate the adequacy of the model. Lastly, with the results from the city evaluation, as a point of departure, success factors for an entry into Mainland China by the commissioning company will be summarized. In order to achieve this objective, four distinct data collection methods have been used: First, theory was studied, in order to gain background knowledge as well as to understand specific factors that impact a market entry decision such as this. Second, EV Power’s current business in Hong Kong was observed, with a view to achieve an understanding of what has led the company to experience success in its home market. Third, Interviews with industry experts were conducted, so as to get a perspective on the industry as a whole. Fourth and last, secondary data for the different cities was collected, for the sake of evaluating them according to the developed model. The final model consists of five main factors that encompass the elements that influence a cities level of attractiveness for entry by an EV charging station supplier. The identified factors are: ‘Market accessibility’, ‘Short-term demand’, ‘Expected market share’, ‘Profit margin’, and ‘Long-term product potential’. These factors are in turn divided into sub factors that have their own set of drivers. Using the model to evaluate the cities, it was found that Shanghai is the most suitable city for a market entry by EV Power, mainly due to its dominance in the market for private EVs and a favourable regulatory environment. Finally, three main success factors, for such a market entry, were found: ‘Focus on services’, ‘Maintain partner relationships’, and ‘Enter early’.
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Nagarasan, Yuvanesh, and Xavier Kevin Raja Francis. "Evaluating Inductive Electric Road Systems Implementation : A multiple case study in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-43334.

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Sustainable transportation solutions are the goal for the future. With the technological shit happening in the transportation market towards electric vehicles, the electric road system (ERS) is a necessary technology required to reach the sustainability goals for the future. While many studies show the role of innovation in a socio-technical landscape, many neglect the diffusion process of the innovation which occurs to create a socio-technical change. The nature of this thesis is an exploratory case study with a qualitative approach. To address the study, a literature review for the diffusion of innovation, its characteristics, multi-level perspective, and technology readiness level (TRL) was presented in order to provide a better understanding and build a foundation for the research. A review of scientific articles regarding the electric road system was performed to provide insights and obtain information on the technology. The data from scientific articles were complemented by interviews from experts regarding electric road systems to obtain an understanding of technology if it was to be implemented in the future in Sweden. The empirics collected were analyzed using the literature framework and conclusions were drawn. Analyzing the data was required to find the factors hindering the technology and if there is a window of opportunity for the technology to exist in the Swedish market. Environmental sustainability has been the driving factor, but the rate of diffusion for the technology will depend on the complexity and the maturity of the technology to function as a whole working system. The study contributes to evaluating the implementation of an inductive electric road system in the Swedish context and if it could be a viable solution in the transportation market. The perspectives of the technology in the Swedish market and the motivation for the solution are discussed. An analytical contribution by evaluating if the technology could exist in the future and insights on the diffusion of the technology into the existing landscape.
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Lu, Ling-Shuang, and 陸齡霜. "The study on the China EV’s market entrance strategies for EV supply chain in Taiwan." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38289821923141885176.

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碩士
國立交通大學
理學院應用科技學程
100
The global automotive industry forwards to develop electric vehicles (EVs) in future under the trends of energy-efficiency. Definitely, China is still the largest automotive market in the world and develops the electric vehicles actively. However, the electrification of the vehicles means the revolution of car’s industry structure. This study draws on the opportunity of EVs’ components factory in Taiwan access to EVs’ market in China. To generalize the possible cooperative model for EV industry is based on the experience of the actual delivery to foreign car plants, demonstration runs, integrated R&D resource in Taiwan, the cross-strait policy, and the complementary advantages. The result can be predicted to shorten the duration which EV is conducted to the production in China and expand the market scale of EVs’ components factory in Taiwan, and provide a reference for the components factory in Taiwan and the EV plant in China.
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Karnama, Ahmad. "Electrification of Transportation: From Fuel Policy to Electricity Market and EV Battery Charging in Microgrids." Doctoral thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/129791.

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Books on the topic "EV MARKET"

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Donald, Saxman, Grant Sandi, and Business Communications Co, eds. Battery & EV industry review. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 1995.

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Battery & EV industry review. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "EV MARKET"

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Graner, Melina, Frieder Heieck, Alexander Fill, Peter Birke, Woidy Hammami, and Katharina Litty. "Requirements for a Process to Remanufacture EV Battery Packs Down to Cell Level and Necessary Design Modifications." In Advances in Automotive Production Technology – Towards Software-Defined Manufacturing and Resilient Supply Chains, 376–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27933-1_35.

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AbstractIn case of electric vehicles (EV) powered by lithium ion traction batteries (LIB), remanufacturing processes nbecome increasingly important due to their rising market share and valuable raw materials. LIB can account for up to 40% of the total EV cost. Often, only a small portion of the cells are significantly degraded when the usable battery capacity falls below 80%, which is currently considered the standard end-of-life criterion. However, in order to enable efficient remanufacturing, novel battery design principles are required. This paper discusses the requirements, opportunities and challenges of future remanufacturing processes of LIBs down to the cell level using a battery system of a commercial vehicle as an example. It gives an overview of the current state-of-the-art manufacturing processes of battery systems and shows the developed overall remanufacturing process including condition assessment, disassembly and reassembly. Subsequently, requirements on future designs are discussed. The state-of-the-art of EV batteries is evaluated based on these requirements to determine where incompatible connections such as welded contacts or adhesive joints conflict with remanufacturing design principles.
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Schoenmaker, Dirk, and Willem Schramade. "Calculating Social and Environmental Value." In Springer Texts in Business and Economics, 115–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35009-2_5.

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AbstractThe previous chapters described the importance of balancing the various types of value, but how to calculate those types of value? The core model in corporate finance is the discounted cash flow (DCF) model, used to determine the financial value (FV) of a project or a company. This chapter explains how social (S) and environmental (E) issues can be expressed in value terms to arrive at social value (SV) and environmental value (EV). Recent advances in impact measurement enable companies to measure social and environmental quantities (such as life years saved by medical treatment or carbon emissions from using fossil fuels) and then to multiply these quantities by their respective shadow price, derived from welfare theory.The reason for monetary valuation of (non-market priced) social and environmental impact is to make them visible, and part of the decision-making process, by integrating SV and EV in the accounting system and business language. A common unit ($, € or any other currency) for financial, social, and environmental aspects of business impacts enables managers (and stakeholders) to compare different value components and to analyse the interactions between these value components. The mental challenge for many managers is to start thinking, analysing, and acting in this way, in spite of data gaps and other hurdles.
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Delnooz, Annelies, and Daan Six. "Identification of Market Models and Associated Billing Strategies for the Provision of EV Charging Services." In Electric Vehicle Business Models, 55–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12244-1_4.

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Hansen, Lars Henrik, Jakob Munch Jensen, and Andreas Bjerre. "EV Portfolio Management." In Grid Integration of Electric Vehicles in Open Electricity Markets, 129–52. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118568040.ch6.

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Rasmussen, Claus Nygaard, Søren Højgaard Jensen, and Guang Ya Yang. "Operation and Degradation Aspects of EV Batteries." In Grid Integration of Electric Vehicles in Open Electricity Markets, 192–232. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118568040.ch9.

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Wu, Qiuwei, Arne Hejde Nielsen, Jacob Østergaard, and Yi Ding. "Impact Study of EV Integration on Distribution Networks." In Grid Integration of Electric Vehicles in Open Electricity Markets, 259–85. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118568040.ch11.

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Elhaoussine, Youssef, Wanjin Li, and Yixuan Li. "Ingredient Branding Strategy to Improve Brand Attitude for Chinese Brands Suffering From Country-of-Origin Effect in Foreign Markets." In Origin and Branding in International Market Entry Processes, 161–91. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6613-1.ch008.

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This study aims to investigate the impact of brand attributes and celebrity endorsement on foreign consumers' brand attitude towards the Chinese automotive brand BYD and its car model BYD TANG EV. A survey was conducted among 236 foreigners, and the results suggest that foreign consumers' brand attitude is positively influenced by functional, symbolic, and experiential attributes of the brand. Furthermore, the use of a celebrity endorser with high credibility enhances foreign consumers' brand attitude towards BYD and BYD TANG EV. The findings provide important insights for Chinese automotive brands on the importance of branding and celebrity endorsement in global marketing, particularly when targeting foreign consumers.
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G. Marques, Emanuel, André Manuel dos Santos Mendes, Marina Mendes Sargento Domingues Perdigão, and Valter S. Costa. "Inductive Power Transfer: Past, Current, and Future Research." In The Dynamics of Vehicles - Basics, Simulation and Autonomous Systems [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108484.

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Electric vehicle (EV) technology has proven to be a propulsion technology of the future but urgently needs to address challenges such as lower-priced, reasonably sized EV for higher market penetration, higher life cycle efficiency, and increased power density. Range extension, in particular, in urban scenarios is critical. Inductive power transfer (IPT) technology solves simultaneously the electric hazard risks of conventional power cord battery chargers, but specially EV limited autonomy and related anxiety and even security. In this context, this chapter presents the past, current, and future research areas of IPT systems. A review of the main resonant compensation networks and prominent geometries of magnetic couplers is presented. Then, future research areas namely dynamic IPT and in-wheel IPT solutions are introduced along with their main challenges.
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Plavullathil, R., M. Rihn, and C. Bridier. "Marelli’s eAxle family strategy – Agile answer to a moving EV market." In Dritev 2023, 281–94. VDI Verlag, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783181024201-281.

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Zhimomi, Toni, Mohammad Saad Alam, and Hafiz Malik. "A Comprehensive Review of Blockchain Technology Implementation in the EV Charging Infrastructure." In Developing Charging Infrastructure and Technologies for Electric Vehicles, 38–67. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6858-3.ch003.

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Charging infrastructure is a key factor in successful electric vehicle adoption. Charging stations are still a fragmented market in terms of ownership, lack of standards, and charging protocols. The increasing decentralised grid has made energy and communication flow bi-directional. Challenges arise in maintaining the increasing decentralised structure, security, and privacy of the network. Blockchain facilitates the interconnectedness of such a distributed and decentralised network. Blockchain's versatility lies in its transparent and immutable decentralized architecture that enables direct transactions between users without the need of a middleman. It provides powerful safeguards against cyberattacks with its advanced cryptography enabling privacy-preserving authentication. This chapter presents a comprehensive review on the application of blockchain technology in EV charging infrastructure such as facilitating the peer-to-peer energy exchange, increased security and privacy, immutable transactions, and mitigating trust issues among the participants in the charging infrastructure.
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Conference papers on the topic "EV MARKET"

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Dauer, David, Christoph M. Flath, Philipp Strohle, and Christof Weinhardt. "Market-Based EV Charging Coordination." In 2013 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conferences on Web Intelligence (WI) and Intelligent Agent Technologies (IAT). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wi-iat.2013.97.

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Radu, Adrian-Toni, Mircea Eremia, and Lucian Toma. "Participation of the Electric Vehicles in the Balancing Market." In 2019 Electric Vehicles International Conference (EV). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ev.2019.8892975.

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Arora, Astha, Mohit Murarka, Dibakar Rakshit, and Sukumar Mishra. "Forecasting Based Analysis of EV Market." In 2022 22nd National Power Systems Conference (NPSC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/npsc57038.2022.10069863.

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Cheng, S., C. Gu, S. Li, J. Li, R. Wei, and Y. Zhu. "EV flexibility trading in the electricity market." In CIRED Porto Workshop 2022: E-mobility and power distribution systems. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.0669.

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Garrido, Gonzalo Munilla, Daniel Miehle, Andre Luckow, and Florian Matthes. "A Blockchain-based Flexibility Market Platform for EV Fleets." In 2020 Clemson University Power Systems Conference (PSC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/psc50246.2020.9131332.

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Hernandez, Sixto Santonja, Patricio Peral Galindo, and Alfredo Quijano Lopez. "EPV PROJECT. Technology to integrate EV inside smart grids." In 2010 7th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem.2010.5558664.

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Verzijlbergh, R. A., Z. Lukszo, and M. D. Ilic. "Comparing different EV charging strategies in liberalized power systems." In 2012 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem.2012.6254807.

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Pagani, M., N. Chokani, R. S. Abhari, and W. Korosec. "Techno-Economic Optimization of EV Charging Infrastructure Incorporating Customer Behavior." In 2018 15th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem.2018.8469989.

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Raassina, Antti, Pirjo Heine, Juhani Lepistö, Esa Äärynen, and Samuli Honkapuro. "What a DSO Can Do to Promote EV Smart Charging?" In 2023 19th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem58374.2023.10161939.

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Gunkel, Philipp Andreas, Felipe Junqueira Faust, Klaus Skytte, and Claire Bergaentzle. "The Impact of EV Charging Schemes on the Nordic Energy System." In 2019 16th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem.2019.8916569.

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Reports on the topic "EV MARKET"

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Yusgiantoro, Luky A., Akhmad Hanan, Budi P. Sunariyanto, and Mayora B. Swastika. Mapping Indonesia’s EV Potential in Global EV Supply Chain. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/br.004.

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• Energy transition in the transportation sector is indicated by the gradual shifting from the use of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) globally. • The transportation sector consumed 43% of total global energy and emitted 16.2% of total global emissions in 2020. Similarly, the transportation sector in Indonesia consumed 45% of the total energy and contributed to 13.6% of CO2 emission in 2019. • Global EV development and utilization are increasing exponentially, especially in developed countries, and there were 10 million EVs in 2020 worldwide. • China has successfully dominated global EVs, both in EV utilization and manufacturing with 45% global EVs Stock and 77% global EV batteries production. • Geopolitically, the abundance of Indonesian nickel reserves provides Indonesia a great opportunity to be one of the main players in EV battery manufacturing. • With an annual average growth of 6%, the projected motorized vehicles growth in Indonesia will reach 214 million in 2030. The right government policies would make Indonesia become the Southeast Asia EV market hub as Indonesia has the largest automotive sales and production market among ASEAN countries. • Measurable and realistic national EV development targets and plans supported by executing policies such as fiscal incentives and hardware standardization, sufficient EV charging infrastructure, and other supporting infrastructures are key elements that drive successful EV development in several countries. • Insufficient domestic industries and technology, and the absence of policies that comprehensively cover the customers and producers directly to support EV development and utilization in Indonesia, resulting in the achieved number of EVs and EV infrastructures in Indonesia are far from the updated target or even the initial target (RUEN, 2017).
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Sarofim, Samer, and Aly Tawfik. Developing a Feasible Business Model for Expanding the EV Market to Lower Income Californians. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2026.

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Electric vehicles (EVs) are a valuable tool in addressing the climate and energy challenges placed on our transportation systems. However, while national and international market shares of EVs have been rising with exponential rates, access to EVs of low-income populations has been significantly slower. This research developed a business model for expanding the EV market to low-income Californians. The team developed the model from qualitative data from various stakeholders, including Electric and Solar Companies, Professional and Community-Based Organizations, State Agencies, research institutions, and more, which enabled insights regarding various barriers that hinder the adoption of EVs. The team also used a state-wide survey to understand the barriers from the point of view of lower income Californians. The business model created from this data can be used by state administrators, policy makers, and social emprises to mitigate the barriers faced by low-income Californians within the EV market.
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Sarofim, Samer, and Aly Tawfik. Developing a Feasible Business Model for Expanding the EV Market to Lower Income Californians. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2026.

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Electric vehicles (EVs) are a valuable tool in addressing the climate and energy challenges placed on our transportation systems. However, while national and international market shares of EVs have been rising with exponential rates, access to EVs of low-income populations has been significantly slower. This research developed a business model for expanding the EV market to low-income Californians. The team developed the model from qualitative data from various stakeholders, including Electric and Solar Companies, Professional and Community-Based Organizations, State Agencies, research institutions, and more, which enabled insights regarding various barriers that hinder the adoption of EVs. The team also used a state-wide survey to understand the barriers from the point of view of lower income Californians. The business model created from this data can be used by state administrators, policy makers, and social emprises to mitigate the barriers faced by low-income Californians within the EV market.
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Ju, Ha Kyun, Tae Rim Kim, Kyubyung Kang, Dan Daehyun Koo, Konstantina Gkritza, and Samuel Labi. A Strategic Assessment of Needs and Opportunities for the Wider Adoption of Electric Vehicles in Indiana. Purdue University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317590.

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INDOT plans to invest nearly $100 million to build a statewide electric vehicle (EV) charging network as part of the National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Formula Program. SPR-4509 Phase-I identified energy EV charging deserts in Indiana for long-distance trips. SPR-4509 Phase-II further examines the charging stations' impact on EV long-distance trips in Indiana. Using an agent-based simulation model, the number of charges, vehicle miles traveled, energy used during the trip, and energy used during charging were estimated for nine different cases. High EV daily charging demand areas in Indiana were shown in ArcGIS based on multiple scenarios of different charging station construction phases and EV market penetration rates. The study findings can inform the state’s EV charging plan development.
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Konstantinou, Theodora, Diala Haddad, Akhil Prasad, Ethan Wright, Konstantina Gkritza, Dionysios Aliprantis, Steven Pekarek, and John E. Haddock. Feasibility Study and Design of In-Road Electric Vehicle Charging Technologies. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317353.

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Electric Roadways (ERs) or Dynamic Wireless Charging (DWC) lanes offer an alternative dynamic and wireless charging method that has the potential of giving electric vehicles (EV) limitless range while they are moving. Heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) are expected to be early adopters of the DWC technology due to the higher benefits offered to these vehicles that are traveling on fixed routes. The goal of this project was to assess the feasibility of ERs in Indiana and design a test bed for in-road EV charging technologies. The most suitable locations for implementing DWC lanes were identified on interstates that are characterized by high truck traffic. Using I-65 S as a case study, it was found that DWC can be economically feasible for the developer and competitive for the EV owner at high and medium future projections of EV market penetration levels. However, the existing substations are unlikely to serve future DWC needs for HDVs. Thus, consideration should be given to substation expansion to support EVs as market penetration expands. Implementing the DWC technology on interstates and jointly with major pavement preservation activities is recommended. Large scale deployment can significantly reduce the high initial investment. Renewable energy resources (solar and wind) deployed in the vicinity of ERs can reduce the electricity costs and associated greenhouse gas emissions.
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Yang, Yu, and Hen-Geul Yeh. Electrical Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Design and Operations. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2240.

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California aims to achieve five million zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) on the road by 2030 and 250,000 electrical vehicle (EV) charging stations by 2025. To reduce barriers in this process, the research team developed a simulation-based system for EV charging infrastructure design and operations. The increasing power demand due to the growing EV market requires advanced charging infrastructures and operating strategies. This study will deliver two modules in charging station design and operations, including a vehicle charging schedule and an infrastructure planning module for the solar-powered charging station. The objectives are to increase customers’ satisfaction, reduce the power grid burden, and maximize the profitability of charging stations using state-of-the-art global optimization techniques, machine-learning-based solar power prediction, and model predictive control (MPC). The proposed research has broad societal impacts and significant intellectual merits. First, it meets the demand for green transportation by increasing the number of EV users and reducing the transportation sector’s impacts on climate change. Second, an optimal scheduling tool enables fast charging of EVs and thus improves the mobility of passengers. Third, the designed planning tools enable an optimal design of charging stations equipped with a solar panel and battery energy storage system (BESS) to benefit nationwide transportation system development.
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Jiang, Yuxiang. Unsettled Technology Areas in Electric Propulsion Systems. SAE International, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021012.

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Electric vehicle (EV) transmission technology—crucial for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs)—is developing quickly and customers want good performance at a low cost. Single-speed gearboxes are popular in electric drive systems due to their simple and cost-effective configuration. However, multispeed gearboxes are being taken to market due to their higher low-speed torque, dynamic performance, and energy efficiency. Unsettled Technology Areas in Electric Propulsion Systems reviews the economic drivers, existing techniques, and current challenges of EV transmission technology—including torque interruption during shifting; thermal and sealing issues; and noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH). This report discusses the pros and cons for both single-speed and multispeed gearboxes with numerical analysis.
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