Academic literature on the topic 'EV Code'
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Journal articles on the topic "EV Code"
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Paolillo, Mayra, Sergio Comincini, and Sergio Schinelli. "Fostering “Education”: Do Extracellular Vesicles Exploit Their Own Delivery Code?" Cells 10, no. 7 (July 9, 2021): 1741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10071741.
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs), comprising large microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes (EXs), play a key role in intercellular communication, both in physiological and in a wide variety of pathological conditions. However, the education of EV target cells has so far mainly been investigated as a function of EX cargo, while few studies have focused on the characterization of EV surface membrane molecules and the mechanisms that mediate the addressability of specific EVs to different cell types and tissues. Identifying these mechanisms will help fulfill the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic promises fueled by our growing knowledge of EVs. In this review, we first discuss published studies on the presumed EV “delivery code” and on the combinations of the hypothesized EV surface membrane “sender” and “recipient” molecules that may mediate EV targeting in intercellular communication. Then we briefly review the main experimental approaches and techniques, and the bioinformatic tools that can be used to identify and characterize the structure and functional role of EV surface membrane molecules. In the final part, we present innovative techniques and directions for future research that would improve and deepen our understandings of EV-cell targeting.
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Du, Chang Qing, Yong Shan Liu, Fu Wu Yan, and Gang Du. "Control Strategy Design and Validation for EV Based on Rapid Prototyping Platform." Applied Mechanics and Materials 511-512 (February 2014): 1085–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.511-512.1085.
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To address the control strategy optimization issue of Electric Vehicles (EV), this paper designed distributed control system based on CAN network for EV, constructed a real time EV control model by Simulink and Stateflow. The model was converted to C code After simulating of the model had been conducted on PC, then the C code was downloaded to the rapid prototyping platform ControlBase_VT, and a model based prototyping controller for EV was developed. The prototype controller was mounted to a car, and vehicle control strategy is tested, analyzed and optimized. Using rich hardware resources of rapid prototyping platform and the conversion function from simulink model to executable C code, rapid development and optimization of control strategies is easy to be achieved, simple method is provided for the development, validation and optimization of control strategy, and development period and cost is reduced compared to self-built based hardware development.
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Shi, Hongqing, M. W. Radny, and P. V. Smith. "Boron Segregation on the ${\rm Si}(111)\sqrt{3} \times \sqrt{3}{\rm R}30^\circ$ Surface." Surface Review and Letters 10, no. 02n03 (April 2003): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x03004780.
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In this paper we report the results of calculations of the energies associated with the segregation of boron on the [Formula: see text] surface. These calculations have been carried out using the plane wave pseudopotential density functional code fhi98md in a periodic slab formalism. The segregation energy is predicted to be -0.77 eV. This prediction is intermediate between the "experimentally determined" values of -0.33 eV and -0.48 eV, and the values of -1.83 eV and -2.10 eV determined from AM1 cluster calculations. Additional information has been obtained by performing ab initio density functional cluster calculations using the Gaussian98 code. These latter results indicate that the AM1 calculations significantly overestimate the segregation energy of boron on the [Formula: see text] surface. They also provide strong support for the fhi98md calculations.
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Donaldson, Stewart I. "Using program theory-driven evaluation science to crack the Da Vinci code." New Directions for Evaluation 2005, no. 106 (2005): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ev.152.
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Shang, Xue Fu, Ya Wei Wang, and Ming Qiu Tan. "Full-Potential Study of the Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect for AuMnSb and AuMnSn." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 941–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.941.
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The magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) for both Heusler type alloys (AuMnSb and AuMnSn) were studied using the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FP-LAPW) method, based on the density functional theory implemented in the WIEN2k code. The differences with previous calculations on the Kerr spectra have been found explicitly. At proper Lorentzian such asδ= 0.4 eV, the calculated Kerr angle of AuMnSn reaches its maxima +0.3° near 0.6 eV and-0.5° at 5.2 eV, respectively while the MOKE spectra of AuMnSb exhibit less prominent Peaks (+0.5° at 0.3 eV, -1.9° at 0.9 eV, -1.0° at 2.4 eV and-2.0° at 5.3 eV). The results on the spectra in this work showed quite a lot differences with all previous all-electron calculations. It is concluded that the contribution from Sb (or Sn) site to the magneto-optical kerr effect is quite crucial in Heuslar alloys.
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Akbarova, S. M., S. H. Gahramanov, and D. M. Mirzayeva. "Study of the thermophysical kinetics of additional concrete samples." Modern Physics Letters B 34, no. 24 (June 12, 2020): 2050252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984920502528.
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In this work, Fix 1211 addition has been used in different amount in the iron mix. The samples prepared have been used thermically in the temperature 77[Formula: see text]C in normal atmosphere condition. The samples thermically developed have been thermically analyzed with the constant 5[Formula: see text]C/min of 20 ml/min argon gas from 30[Formula: see text]C up to 900[Formula: see text]C. Thermo-physical mechanisms have been researched in the cement, sand and road metal with the thermogravimetric (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Mass kinetics, activation energy and special heat capacity have been researched for different temperature intervals. The decomposition mechanism of the mass in stages and the speed of decomposition is equal to the cost of the heat flow. The mass loss has been determined in 6.99 mg under the first code, 5.82 mg under the second code, 5.63 mg under the third code, 4.65 mg under the fourth code in [Formula: see text]C temperature interval. In addition, it has been researched that the activation energy has been changed between 0.56–0.80 eV and 0.23–0.36 eV under each code and phase passage.
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YASHIN, I. I., M. B. AMELCHAKOV, N. S. BARBASHINA, A. G. BOGDANOV, D. V. CHERNOV, V. V. KINDIN, R. P. KOKOULIN, et al. "OBSERVATION OF UHECRs IN HORIZONTAL FLUX." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 29 (November 20, 2005): 6937–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05030521.
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Preliminary results of muon bundle studies in of zenith angle range θ ≥ 60° and multiplicities by means of coordinate detector DECOR are discussed. Estimates of muon bundle characteristics at large zenith angles obtained with CORSIKA code demonstrate the ability of such not large detector as NEVOD-DECOR complex to perform cosmic ray studies in a very wide energy range from 1011 eV to more than 1017 eV.
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Adamu, M. A., K. Lawal, K. Lawal, and A. Saminu. "DFT COMPUTATION OF THE BAND STRUCTURE AND DENSITY OF STATE FOR ZnO HALITE STRUCTURE USING FHI-aims CODE." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 4, no. 2 (July 3, 2020): 490–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0402-231.
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This research work is on Density Functional Theory (DFT) within Local Density Approximation as parameterised by Perdew and Wang (pw-lda).The calculation was performed using Fritz Haber Institute Ab-initio Molecular Simulations (FHI-aims) code based on numerical atomic-centered orbital basis sets. The electronic band structure, density of state (DOS) and band gap energy were calculated for ZnO compound. The band structure and Density of States (DOS) diagrams are plotted from the calculated equilibrium lattice parameters. The experimentally lattice constant values were used to calculate the minimum total energy. The calculated electronic band structure results show that ZnO (Halite) is an indirect semiconductor with energy band gap of 0.89 eV. Hence, the HOMO is -0.863382 eV at L_symmetry point and LUMO is 0.0239417 eV at ᴦ- point. The DOS energy level within the compound shows considerable high state of electron occupation and the DOS observed around the Fermi level at zero level indicate that it has conducting properties. In general, FHI-aims code has shown better accuracy and prediction of band structure calculation within reasonable computational methods.
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Mahla, S., R. Agrawal, S. Kumar, P. Singh, M. Lal, S. Singh, and A. S. Verma. "Theoretical investigation of fundamental physical properties of full-Heusler Co2VZ (Z= Al, Bi, Ga, Ge) compounds." Chalcogenide Letters 20, no. 7 (2023): 535–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2023.207.535.
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A subclass of ternary intermetallic known as Heusler compounds is being employed in the steel industry to increase material strength. This study examines the structural, electrical, optical, and magnetic properties of Co2VZ (Z=Al, Bi, Ge, Si) compounds using two different methods. First is full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method by WIEN2k and second is pseudo potential method by Atomic Tool Kit-Virtual Nano-Lab. The equivalent energy gaps in the minority-spin of Co2VZ (Z= Al, Bi, Ga, Ge) with WIEN2k code, which displays 100% spin polarization, are 0.703, 0.384, 0.186, and 0.67 eV near to the Fermi level. Furthermore, it is discovered that these compounds are absolutely half-metallic ferromagnetic (HMF). With the exception of Co2VBi, which exhibits metallic properties, the aforementioned compounds exhibit 0.525, 0.0, 0.553, and 0.786 eV band gaps in the ATK-VNL code and indicate 100% spin polarization. The magnetic moments of the compounds Co2VZ (Z= Al, Bi, Ga, Ge) are found to be 2.976, 4.003, 1.989, and 3.001 µB, respectively, in the WIEN2k code. The relative magnetic moments of the aforementioned compounds are also 1.991, 3.947, 1.999, and 2.997 µB, according to the ATK-VNL code.
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Alhodaib, Aiyeshah. "Evaluation of In Doped GaAs Alloys to Optimize Electronic, Thermoelectric and Mechanical Properties." Materials 15, no. 5 (February 26, 2022): 1781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15051781.
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The electronic, mechanical and transport properties of the In substitution in GaAs are investigated by the TB-mBJ potential, BoltzTraP code and Charpin tensor matrix analysis using Wien2k code. The formation energies of the alloys Ga1−xInxAs (x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0) confirm that they are thermodynamically favorable. The directional symmetry changes when increasing the In concentration and reduces the bandgap from 1.55 eV (GaAs) to 0.57 eV (InAs), as well as reducing the electrical conductivity and increasing the Seebeck coefficient. The thermoelectric performance is depicted by the power factor without including lattice vibration. The elastic properties’ analysis shows mechanical stability, and elastic moduli decrease with an increasing In in GaAs, which converts the brittle nature to ductile. The Debye temperature, hardness and thermal conductivity decrease, thus, increasing their importance for device fabrications.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "EV Code"
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Pierron, Juliette. "Modèle de transport d'électrons à basse énergie (~10 eV- 2 keV) pour applications spatiales (OSMOSEE, GEANT4)." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESAE0024/document.
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L’espace est un milieu hostile pour les équipements embarqués à bord des satellites. Les importants flux d’électrons qui les bombardent continuellement peuvent pénétrer à l’intérieur de leurs composants électroniques et engendrer des dysfonctionnements. Leur prise en compte nécessite des outils numériques 3D très performants, tels que des codes de transport d’électrons utilisant la méthode statistique de Monte-Carlo, valides jusqu’à quelques eV. Dans ce contexte, l’ONERA a développé, en partenariat avec le CNES, le code OSMOSEE pour l’aluminium. De son côté, le CEA a développé, pour le silicium, le module basse énergie MicroElec dans le code GEANT4. L’objectif de cette thèse, dans un effort commun entre l’ONERA, le CNES et le CEA, est d’étendre ces codes à différents matériaux. Pour ce faire, nous avons choisi d’utiliser le modèle des fonctions diélectriques, qui permet de modéliser le transport des électrons à basse énergie dans les métaux, les semi-conducteurs et les isolants. La validation des codes par des mesures du dispositif DEESSE de l’ONERA, pour l’aluminium, l’argent et le silicium, nous a permis d’obtenir une meilleure compréhension du transport des électrons à basse énergie, et par la suite, d’étudier l’effet de la rugosité de la surface. La rugosité, qui peut avoir un impact important sur le nombre d’électrons émis par les matériaux, n’est habituellement pas prise en compte dans les codes de transport, qui ne simulent que des matériaux idéalement plats. En ce sens, les résultats de ces travaux de thèse offrent des perspectives intéressantes pour les applications spatialesSpace is a hostile environment for embedded electronic devices on board satellites. The high fluxes of energetic electrons that impact these satellites may continuously penetrate inside their electronic components and cause malfunctions. Taking into account the effects of these particles requires high-performant 3D numerical tools, such as codes dedicated to electrons transport using the Monte Carlo statistical method, valid down to a few eV. In this context, ONERA has developed, in collaboration with CNES, the code OSMOSEE for aluminum. For its part, CEA has developed for silicon the low-energy electron module MicroElec for the code GEANT4. The aim of this thesis, in a collaborative effort between ONERA, CNES and CEA, is to extend those two codes to different materials. To describe the interactions between electrons, we chose to use the dielectric function formalism that enables to overcome of the disparity of electronic band structures in solids, which play a preponderant role at low energy. From the validation of the codes, for aluminum, silver and silicon, by comparison with measurements from the experimental set-up DEESSE at ONERA, we obtained a better understanding of the transport of low energy electrons in solids. This result enables us to study the effect of the surface roughness. This parameter, which may have a significant impact on the electron emission yield, is not usually taken into account in Monte Carlo transport codes, which only simulate ideally flat materials. In this sense, the results of this thesis offer interesting perspectives for space applications
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Battistini, Giulia. "Mobilità elettrica: analisi di scenari evolutivi in Emilia-Romagna." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.
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I cambiamenti climatici e l'inquinamento stanno mettendo a dura prova la ricerca di mezzi di trasporto più sostenibili ed efficaci.
I veicoli elettrici rappresentano oggi una delle principali soluzioni per migliorare la qualità dell’aria nelle principali città urbane.
Negli ultimi anni l’offerta di veicoli elettrici è migliorata sempre di più. Grazie alla spinta delle politiche europee, infatti, le case automobilistiche hanno fatto notevoli progressi in campo tecnologico, rendendo in questo modo i veicoli elettrici una valida alternativa a quelli tradizionali.
Nonostante ciò, la diffusione delle auto a trazione alternativa stenta a decollare, a causa delle evidenti barriere, tra cui l’elevato costo d’acquisto e l’assenza di un’adeguata infrastruttura di ricarica.
Questo documento si pone l’obbiettivo di capire la posizione della regione Emilia-Romagna nella transizione del proprio parco veicolare verso la mobilità elettrica, e di ipotizzare gli scenari evolutivi nei prossimi dieci anni.
Ciò che è stato svolto in questo elaborato consiste principalmente in un confronto tra veicoli elettrici, ibridi e tradizionali.
Le analisi svolte sono sia di natura ambientale sia di natura economica. Nel primo caso è stato dimostrato che i veicoli elettrici inquinano meno durante l’utilizzo ma l’energia immagazzinata nelle batterie è altamente inquinante alla fonte. Da un punto di vista economico invece, i veicoli elettrici producono un risparmio abbastanza cospicuo nel corso della vita utile dell’automobile.
Infine, è stato ipotizzato di installare in un tratto della città di Bologna un’infrastruttura di ricarica e si è voluto dimostrare che una domanda elevata di veicoli elettrici, nel prossimo futuro, metterebbe in crisi il sistema.
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Ghatak, Anirban. "Algebraic Techniques for Error Correction in Random Networks." Thesis, 2016. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4373.
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The transmission of data in the presence of errors and erasures over random networks, in situations where there is only partial information regarding the underlying network topology, has been interpreted in terms of the transmission and recovery of subspaces of an ambient vector space over a finite field. Under this representation, a random network code is a collection of such subspaces. The present thesis explores several algebraic techniques for constructing constant and non-constant dimension codes for random networks. Orbit codes are constant dimension codes which are orbits of suitable subgroups of the general linear group acting on the subspaces in a Grassmannian. One contribution of the present thesis is to link the construction of Singer cycle orbit codes possessing a given minimum subspace distance with the construction of cyclic difference sets with the appropriate parameters.
In a second contribution, we interpret two constructions of constant dimension codes, namely, the lifting construction and its generalization using Ferrers diagram rank-metric (FDRM) codes, in terms of Plücker coordinates. We show that both constructions can be described via a two-step procedure. In the first step, a set of indices which provides a non-zero Plücker coordinate is identified; in the second, the remaining Plücker coordinates of the lifted subspace are computed by replacing the columns of the original matrix in row-reduced echelon form with those of the matrix to be lifted.
In the existing literature, balls of a given radius cantered at a subspace codeword of a constant dimension code has been interpreted as Schubert systems. We establish that the balls of the same radius cantered at a codeword of the dual subspace code are characterized by the classical dual of the original Schubert system. A method for constructing non-constant dimension subspace codes is proposed, similar to the two-step existing construction with FDRM codes. In the proposed method, the characteristic tuple is used to characterize a Schubert cell. Bounds on the subspace distance and the injection distance among the chosen Schubert cells are obtained in terms of the symmetric distance and a modified symmetric distance between the characteristic tuples. It is shown that our framework is equivalent to the existing construction when FDRM codes are employed.
Based on some modifications of the nearly optimal (5; 3)2 code given by Etzion and Vardy, 4 optimal (5; 3)2 codes are constructed. It is shown that all these sporadic examples fall outside the framework of the recent construction of Honold et al. The radical ideals of a Noetherian commutative ring have unique decomposition as the intersection of prime ideals. This fact is used to construct constant weight codes on the power set of a set of radical ideals. These constant weight codes are suitable for store and- forward (SAF) routing over random networks. Several upper and lower bounds on the sizes of such codes are verified. In this context, the search for codes which achieve a Johnson bound is interpreted as the search for maximal subgraphs in the generalized Johnson graph corresponding to the subset code.
A generalization of the above construction is achieved by considering lattices having irredundant primary decomposition and unique (meet) irreducible decomposition, respectively. The difference between the criteria for these decompositions is established and the primary decomposition in Dedekind domains shown as a common example. In addition, the unique decomposition in lattices in terms of prime elements is formulated in the former case. Construction of constant weight codes for SAF routing is indicated. Finally, the random linear network coding problem has been formulated on the lattice of ideals as well as on the lattice of radical ideals of rings.
Books on the topic "EV Code"
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Priya, Hemenway. Ev-the Secret Code - Espagnol -. Taschen, 2015.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "EV Code"
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Shaleem Khan, Jaslin, Malligama Arachchige Uditha Sudheera Navaratne, and Janaka Bandara Ekanayake. "Modeling Electric Vehicle Charging Station Behavior Using Multiagent System." In Artificial Intelligence. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105613.
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Agent-based models(ABMs) are a type of simulation in which a large number of self-sufficient agents interact in a way that combines stochastic and deterministic behavior. Recently, there have been reestablished interests in utilizing multiagent systems (MASs) to get more granular data relating to specific conditions. MESA is an ABM framework for Python. It enables users to quickly develop ABMs with built-in core components, view them with a browser-based interface, and evaluate their findings with Python’s data analysis capabilities. This chapter depicts an ABM of a photovoltaic (PV)-powered electric vehicle (EV) charging station in a university car park modeled using MESA. The goal is to determine the preliminary requirements for PV-powered EV charging stations, which would result in increased PV and cost benefits.
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Goody, R. M., and Y. L. Yung. "Theory of Radiative Transfer." In Atmospheric Radiation. Oxford University Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195051346.003.0004.
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In common with astrophysical usage the word intensity will denote specific intensity of radiation, i.e., the flux of energy in a given direction per second per unit frequency (or wavelength) range per unit solid angle per unit area perpendicular to the given direction. In Fig. 2.1 the point P is surrounded by a small element of area dπs, perpendicular to the direction of the unit vector s. From each point on dπs a cone of solid angle dωs is drawn about the s vector. The bundle of rays, originating on dπs, and contained within dωs, transports in time dt and in the frequency range v to v + dv, the energy . . . Ev = Iv(P,S) dπs dωs dv dt, (2.1). . . where Iv(P, s) is the specific intensity at the point P in the s-direction. If Iv is not a function of direction the intensity field is said to be isotropic ; if Iv is not a function of position the field is said to be homogeneous.
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Llewellyn Smith, Chris, and David Ward. "Fusion energy." In Energy... beyond oil. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199209965.003.0009.
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Fusion powers the Sun and stars, and is potentially an environmentally responsible and intrinsically safe source of essentially limitless energy on earth. Experiments at the Joint European Torus (JET) in the UK, which has produced 16MW of fusion power, and at other facilities, have shown that fusion can be mastered on earth. Fusion power is still being developed, and will not be available as soon as we would like. We are confident that it will be possible to build viable fusion power stations, and it looks as if the cost of fusion power will be reasonable. But time is needed to further develop the technology in order to ensure that it would be reliable and economical, and to test in power station conditions the materials that would be used in its construction. Assuming no major surprises, an orderly fusion development programme— properly organized and funded—could lead to a prototype fusion power station putting electricity into the grid within 30 years, with commercial fusion power following some ten or more years later. A fusion power station is effectively a tiny ‘artificial sun’. Reactions between light atomic nuclei in which a heavier nucleus is formed with the release of energy are called fusion reactions. The reaction of primary interest as a source of power on Earth involves two isotopes of hydrogen (Deuterium and Tritium) fusing to form helium and a neutron: . . . D + T → 4He + n + energy (17.6 million electric volts [Me V]) (7.1) . . . Energy is liberated because Helium-4 is very tightly bound: it takes the form of kinetic energy, shared 14.1 MeV/3.5MeV between the neutron and the Helium-4 nucleus (a chemical reaction typically releases ∼1 eV [electron volt], which is the energy imparted to an electron when accelerated through 1 volt). To initiate the fusion reaction (1), a gas of deuterium and tritium must be heated to over 100 million◦C (henceforth: M◦C)—ten times hotter than the core of the Sun. At a few thousand degrees, inter-atomic collisions knock the electrons out of the atoms to form a mixture of separated nuclei and electrons known as a plasma.
Conference papers on the topic "EV Code"
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Hernandez Lopez, Hector, and Javier Ortiz Villafuerte. "Projection of the Neutronic and Thermal Fuel Rod Behavior in a BWR." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49137.
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Currently, at the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (National Institute for Nuclear Research) in Mexico, it is being developed a computational code for evaluating the neutronic, thermal and mechanical performance of a fuel element at several different operation conditions. The code is referred as to MCTP (Multigrupos con Temperaturas y Potencia), and is benchmarked against data from the Laguna Verde Nuclear Power Plant (LVNPP). In the code, the neutron flux is approximated by six groups of energy: one group in the thermal region (E < 0.625 eV), four in the resonances region (0.625 eV < E < 0.861 MeV), and one group in the fast region (E > 0.861 MeV). Thus, the code is able to determine the damage to the cladding due to fast neutrons. The temperature distribution is approximated in both axial and radial directions taking into account the changes in the coolant density, for both the single and two-phase regions in a BWR channel. It also considerate the changes in the thermal conductivity of all materials involved for the temperature calculations, as well as the temperature and density effects in the neutron cross sections. In the code, fuel rod burnup is evaluated. Also, plutonium production and poison production from fission. In this work, the neutronic and thermal performance of fuel rods in a 10×10 fuel assembly is evaluated. The fuel elements have a content of 235U. The fuel assembly was introduced to the unit 1 of LVNPP reactor core in the cycle 9 of operation, and will stay in during three cycles. In the analysis of fuel rod performance, the operating conditions are those for the cycle 9 and 10, whereas for the current cycle (cycle 11) the reactor is projected to operate during 460 days. The analysis for cycle 11 uses the actual location of the fuel assembly that will have in the core. The results show that the fuel rods analyzed did not reach the thermal limits during the cycles 9 and 10, as expected, and for cycle 11 the same thermal limits are not predicted to be reached.
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Babaev, V. G., M. S. Dzhidzhoev, V. M. Gordienko, M. A. Joukov, A. B. Savel’ev, A. A. Shashkov, A. P. Tarasevitch, and R. V. Volkov. "Overheating of Femtosecond Plasma in Freely Suspended Superthin Films." In Applications of High Field and Short Wavelength Sources. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hfsw.1997.the35.
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Previously we proposed a new thin film target to obtain femtosecond plasma overheating using artificially limited thermoconductivity [1]. We discussed the results of computer modeling of interaction of superintense femtosecond laser pulse with freely suspended thin carbon film. It was shown that for film thicknesses of 50 nm and less the electron temperature rises up to 500 eV and even higher with decrease in thickness. This causes increase in x-ray yield from H- and He-like C ions. In this paper we present for the first time the experimental results demonstrating the phenomenon for freely suspended carbon films as thin as 20-30 nm. It was obtained that for these superthin films x-ray yield increased more than twofold for p-polarized light. The comparison of the experimental results with predictions of the computer code shows good quantitative agreement and leads to the conclusion that there is threefold overheating of plasma layer up to 500 eV.
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Takeishi, Taichi, Satoshi Takeda, and Takanori Kitada. "Improvement of Conversion Ratio of Thorium Fuel in LWR by Adding Neutron Absorber." In 2021 28th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone28-65683.
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Abstract The reproduction factor of Th232 is high in the thermal energy range and there is a possibility to achieve the breeding in LWRs. However, it is necessary to improve the conversion ratio since the breeding is difficult in LWRs. The conversion ratio can be improved by suppressing capture rate of Pa233 and by promoting capture rate of Th232. In addition, these capture rates can be modified by adding neutron absorber. Therefore, the neutron absorber is focused for improving the conversion ratio in this study. The high resonance peaks of Pa233 capture cross section exist around 1∼100 eV. The resonance peaks of Th232 are higher than 10 eV. Thus, when the 1∼10 eV neutrons are suppressed in the fuel, the Pa233 resonance capture reaction is suppressed and the Th232 resonance capture reaction is promoted by neutron spectrum hardening. Therefore, six neutron absorbers that have high capture cross section peaks at 1∼10 eV were selected. The PWR pin cell calculations were carried out by Monte Carlo code MVP. The fuels are composed of a base material and an absorber. The base material is an oxidized fuel composed of U233(10 wt%), Th232(89.95 wt%), and Pa233(0.05 wt%). The amount of neutron absorber was adjusted so that the infinite multiplication factor becomes 1.33. The impact of adding neutron absorber on the reaction rate was evaluated. As the result, the hardening of the neutron spectrum leads increase of the capture rate of Pa233, and the capture rate of Th232 in the epithermal energy range is increased. The change of capture rate of Th232 is greater than that of Pa232. Therefore, the conversion ratio is found to be improved by adding neutron absorber.
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Willi, O., G. Kiehn, J. Edwards, V. Barrow, and R. Smith. "Observations of High Density Plasmas Produced with a Picosecond, High Power KrF Laser." In High-Energy Density Physics with Subpicosecond Laser Pulses. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hpslp.1989.t3.
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The interaction of a single picosecond, high power KrF laser pulse with solid targets has been studied using time integrated and time resolved x-ray spectroscopy. Fully ionised aluminium plasmas with temperatures of about 400 eV and densities well above 1023 cm−3 were observed when the ASE prepulse energy was less than 10−5 of the short pulse. About 20% of the incident laser energy was deposited in suprathermal electrons. This value was inferred from titanium Kα emission measurements. The experimental observations were modelled with a 1-D Lagrangian hydrodynamics code.
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Bouchareb, S. "Structure, electronic properties of AlAs using first-principles calculations." In Advanced Topics in Mechanics of Materials, Structures and Construction. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902592-22.
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Abstract. Density functional theory has been used to study the structural and electronic properties of AlAs using generalized gradient approximation implemented through the WIEN2k code by the local density (LDA), generalized gradient approximations (GGAPBE), and generalized gradient approximation is given by Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (GGAPBE Sol) methods .The AlAs's cubic structure is mechanically stable in the Fd-3m space group and exhibits semi-conducteur behavior with a 2.259 eV indirect energy band gap (EG) along the Г-Χ. The optimized lattice is constant (a0=5,6605Å). The properties suggest that the material is also suitable for use as a photoconductor such as diodes, laser diode, optoelectronic devices, and such as light emitting diodes.
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Shindo, Yoshihisa, Hiroshi Endo, Tomoko Ishizu, and Kazuo Haga. "Validation of RELAP5/3D Steam-Generator Analysis Model by Turbine Trip Test at the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor MONJU." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48578.
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In order to develop a thermal-hydraulic analysis model of the SG (steam-generator) to simulate transient phenomena in the FBR (sodium cooled fast breeder reactor) MONJU, JNES (Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization) validated a SG analysis model using the RELAP5/3D code against the results of turbine trip test at a 40% power load. The modeling by using the code was performed to explain main observed behaviors of the pressure and the temperature of the EV (evaporator) steam outlet, and the temperature of water supply distributing piping (near the water supply chamber) until 600 seconds after the turbine trip. The analysis results of these behaviors showed good agreement with the test results on parameter study of the blow efficiency (release coefficient.). It was found that RELAP5/3D with a two-fluid model of water/steam and a sodium fluid model for tube outside predicted well the physical behaviors: the void of steam generated by the depressurization boiling moves upward in the down-comer tubes accompanied by the enthalpy, increases the temperature of the water supply chambers; and that the pressure change of a “shoulder” like shape is induced by the mass balance between the steam mass generated in the down-comer tubes and the steam mass blown from the SG. The applicability of RELAP5/3D to the SG modeling was confirmed by the well simulation of the actual FBR system.
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Ledwaba, Kabelo, Sina Karimzadeh, Andile Mkhohlakali, and Tien-Chien Jen. "Yttrium Decorated on Thin Borophene Defect for Hydrogen Storage: A First Principles Study." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69160.
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Abstract Borophene- two-dimensional (2D) is an emerging material that has engrossed much consideration in the field of energy materials They exhibit a broad range of various incredible properties, which were considered as ground-breaking for different application such as batteries, superconductors, anode materials for photochemical water splitting, and biosensors and super capacitors. Yttrium-decorated borophene (Y-borophene) as a carrier for hydrogen storage have been studied. DFT calculations based on the Dmol3 code were used to investigate adsorption energy and optimal geometry for hydrogen adsorption on pure borophene and Y-borophene. Isolated yttrium atom on borophene have studied for defect. For Y-borophene, the yttrium atom can adsorb eight hydrogen molecules with average adsorption energy of 0.461 eV/H2 which has increased adsorption energy by 33% compared to the pure borophene with the same condition. The hydrogen storage capacity of this material is 15.23 wt.%, demonstrating Y-borophene as a promising candidate for hydrogen storage. In addition, the density of states plots (PDOS) is presented to further comprehend the electronic structures and bonding nature.
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Shindo, Yoshihisa, Hiroshi Endo, Tomoko Ishizu, and Kazuo Haga. "RELAP5/MOD3 Analysis of Transient Steam-Generator Behavior During Turbine Trip Test of a Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor MONJU." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89421.
Full textAbstract:
In order to develop a thermal-hydraulic model of the steam-generator (SG) to simulate transient phenomena in the sodium cooled fast breeder reactor (FBR) MONJU, Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization (JNES) verified the SG model using the RELAP5/MOD3 code against the results of the turbine trip test at a 40% power load of MONJU. The modeling by using RELAP5 was considered to explain the significant observed behaviors of the pressure and the temperature of the EV steam outlet, and the temperature of water supply distributing piping till 600 seconds after the turbine trip. The analysis results of these behaviors showed good agreement with the test results based on results of parameter study as the blow efficiency (release coef.) and heat transferred from the helical coil region to the down-comer (temperature heating down-comer tubes). It was found that the RELAP5/MOD3 code with a two-fluids model can predict well the physical situation: the gas-phase of steam generated by the decompression boiling moves upward in the down-comer tubes accompanied by the enthalpy increase of the water supply chambers; and that the pressure change of a “shoulder” like shape is induced by the mass balance between the steam mass generated in the down-comer tubes and the steam mass blown from the SG. The applicability of RELAP5/MOD3 to SG modeling was confirmed by simulating the actual FBR system.
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Gonzalez, Isaias, and Deify Law. "Effect of Single Nanoparticle Diameter on a Nanochannel Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer." In ASME 2022 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2022-86966.
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Abstract This present work studies the effect of single nanoparticle diameter on a nanochannel fluid flow and convective heat transfer using the molecular dynamics simulation code LAMMPS. The channel dimensions are 95 Å in length, 40 Å in depth, and 60 Å in height. Channel wall temperatures are fixed at 200 K whereas inlet bulk fluid temperature is set as 300 K. Two regions (force region and thermostat region) are considered before the channel inlet to create a flow and apply the quasi-periodic boundary condition to the system. Fluid and solid (walls and nanoparticle) materials are argon and copper, respectively. Surface wettability are modeled by setting the energy scale to be 1.67 × 10−21 J and the input force is imposed at 0.002 eV/Å. Both velocity and temperature profiles across the channel height will be plotted at 12.5, 22.5, and 32.5 Å away from the inlet. Effect of single nanoparticle diameter of 0.8, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, and 2 nm on the convective heat transfer enhancement will be studied. Nusselt number will be used to quantify the convective heat transfer enhancement with the presence of a nanoparticle size in the nanochannel flow. Nusselt number of a base nanochannel fluid flow without any nanoparticle will be included as a benchmark comparison.
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Barty, C. P. J., D. A. King, G. Y. Yin, K. H. Hahn, J. E. Field, J. F. Young, and S. E. Harris. "12.8 eV Laser in Neutral Cesium." In Short Wavelength Coherent Radiation: Generation and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/swcr.1988.swlos13.
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We report the operation of a saturated 12.8 eV (96.9 nm) laser in Cs vapor that has an extrapolated small signal gain of exp(83) in a total length of 17 cm. We believe that lasing occurs from a core-excited level embedded in the continuum of the valence electron. The laser is pumped by soft x-rays from a synchronous, traveling-wave, laser-produced (2.5 J, 15 ps, 1064 nm) plasma.