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Journal articles on the topic 'Eutetic Solvents'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Semenova, M. V., I. S. Vasil’eva, A. I. Yaropolov, and A. P. Sinitsyn. "Cane Pretreatment by Deep Eutetic Solvents to Increase its Reactivity During Enzymatic Hydrolysis with Cellulases." Прикладная биохимия и микробиология 59, no. 3 (May 1, 2023): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0555109923030169.

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Cane was pretreated with a number of deep eutectic solvents (DES) based on choline chloride (ChCl) as a hydrogen bond acceptor; among hydrogen bond donors, lactic and oxalic acids (LacA and OxA, respectively) were the most effective. Substrate pretreatment conditions (ratio of DES-components, temperature and exposure time) were optimized, leading to the highest yield of reducing sugars (RS) and glucose during subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulase preparation based on Penicillium verruculosum. It was been established that in the case of a mixture of ChCl with LacA (the molar ratio of components is 1 : 5) pretreatment should be carried out at 80°С for 24 h, and in the case of a mixture of ChCl with OxA (1 : 1) – at 80°С for 6 hours. The degree of conversion of the pretreated substrate after 48 hours of hydrolysis in the presence of the enzyme preparation (EP) B537 was 80 and 86% by absolutely dry substances for selected mixtures of ChCl/LacA and ChCl/OxA, respectively.
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2

Xu, Tao, Xiaoyu Sui, Yue Meng, Debao Li, Chang Liu, Pengling Ge, Jicheng Liu, Cheng Yuan, and Tingting Liu. "Application of circulating and pulsating ultrasonic extraction of lignans from Schisandra chinensis Baill fruits using deep eutetic solvents." Industrial Crops and Products 214 (August 2024): 118466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.118466.

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3

Nahar, Yeasmin, and Stuart C. Thickett. "Greener, Faster, Stronger: The Benefits of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Polymer and Materials Science." Polymers 13, no. 3 (January 30, 2021): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13030447.

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Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) represent an emergent class of green designer solvents that find numerous applications in different aspects of chemical synthesis. A particularly appealing aspect of DES systems is their simplicity of preparation, combined with inexpensive, readily available starting materials to yield solvents with appealing properties (negligible volatility, non-flammability and high solvation capacity). In the context of polymer science, DES systems not only offer an appealing route towards replacing hazardous volatile organic solvents (VOCs), but can serve multiple roles including those of solvent, monomer and templating agent—so called “polymerizable eutectics.” In this review, we look at DES systems and polymerizable eutectics and their application in polymer materials synthesis, including various mechanisms of polymer formation, hydrogel design, porous monoliths, and molecularly imprinted polymers. We provide a comparative study of these systems alongside traditional synthetic approaches, highlighting not only the benefit of replacing VOCs from the perspective of environmental sustainability, but also the materials advantage with respect to mechanical and thermal properties of the polymers formed.
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4

Thakur, Ajay, Monika Verma, Ruchi Bharti, and Renu Sharma. "Recent Advances in Utilization of Deep Eutectic Solvents: An Environmentally Friendly Pathway for Multi-component Synthesis." Current Organic Chemistry 26, no. 3 (February 2022): 299–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272826666220126165925.

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Abstract: With the increasing analysis of saving the environment, the researchers demonstrated much effort to replace toxic chemicals with environmentally benign ones. Eutectic mixtures are those solvents that fulfill the criteria of green solvents. The synthesis of organic compounds in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries makes it necessary to find unconventional solvents that cause no harmful impact on health parameters. This review showed that using deep eutectic mixture-based solvents to overcome the hazardous effects of harmful volatile organic solvents over the past few years has gained much more appeal. In most applications, deep eutectic mixtures are used for a solvent or co-solvent role, as they are easy to use, easy dissolution of reactants, and non-evaporative nature. However, deep eutectic mixtures have also been investigated as catalysts, and this dual functionality has much scope in the future, as a significantly less range of deep eutectic mixtures is utilized for this.
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Liu, Xiangwei, Qian Ao, Shengyou Shi, and Shuie Li. "CO2 capture by alcohol ammonia based deep eutectic solvents with different water content." Materials Research Express 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 015504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac47c6.

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Abstract The existing CO2 absorption by deep eutectic solvents is limited by the unavoidable water absorption problem during use. In this study, we prepared three deep eutectic solvents with different alcohol aminations and added different water contents to discuss the effect of water content on the absorption of carbon dioxide by deep eutectic solvents. All deep eutectic solvents have a low melting point at room temperature as a liquid and have high thermal stability, where the choline chloride-diethanolamine deep eutectic solvents have a high viscosity. Anhydrous choline chloride-monoethanolamine deep eutectic solvents have the largest CO2 absorption, reaching 0.2715 g g−1, and the absorption of CO2 by anhydrous choline chloride-N-methyldiethanolamine deep eutectic solvents is only 0.0611 g g−1. Water content inhibited the absorption of CO2 in primary amine and secondary amine systems, whereas it enhanced the absorption of CO2 in tertiary amine systems, which was related to the reaction process of deep eutectic solvent and CO2.
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6

Asni, Hazima, Renita Manurung, and Dian Bonella. "Aplikasi Pelarut Eutektik K2CO3-Gliserol pada Ekstraksi Pigmen Antosianin dari Kulit Manggis (Garcinia mangostana Linn.)." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 9, no. 2 (September 12, 2020): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v9i2.3562.

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Mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) contains 593 ppm of anthocyanin. Anthocyanin pigment from mangosteen peel (Garcinia Mangostana Linn.) can be used as an alternative to synthetic dyes. Eutectic solvents are the latest development in extraction technology to extract anthocyanin from its source. The solvent used is pottasium carbonate-glycerol based eutectic solvent. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eutectic solvents on the extraction of anthocyanin pigments from mangosteen peel. This research consists of 2 treatment factors namely rmolar ratio of K2CO3: glycerol of 1: 5, 1: 6, and 1: 7 and material: solvent ratio of 1: 4, 1: 6 and 1: 8. Anthocyanin content and color intensity were analyzed using a Spectrophotometer UV-Vis. Extraction using K2CO3 : glycerol eutectic solvent at a ratio of 1: 7 and the ratio of material: solvent 1: 8 produced the best treatment with extract yield of 46%; anthocyanin content of 263.976 mg/L, and color intensity value of 0.173.
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7

Maheshwari, R. K., Shruti Jain, Anjali Padria, Pawan Mulani, Jaydeep Singh Baghel, and Neelesh Maheshwari. "''Eco-friendly extraction using solids'' - A novel application of mixed solvency concept." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 2 (March 15, 2019): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i2.2409.

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As per the mixed solvency concept (proposed by Dr. R.K. Maheshwari), each and every substance present on the earth has got solubilizing property i.e. all the liquids, gases and solids possess solubilizing power. In the mixed solvency concept, each substance is a solubilizer. We know that all the liquids (matter in liquid state at room temperature) are known as solvents. No solvent is universal solvent. We can say that all the solvents are good solvents for some solutes and bad solvents for other solutes. Similarly, all gases and solids have good solubilizing power for some solutes and bad solubilizing power for other solutes. Organic solvents have innumerous adverse effects. Such organic solvents should be replaced by other eco-friendly alternative sources. The main objective of this research work is to provide a novel idea to the researchers that solids can also be employed for extraction of active constituents from powders of roots, leaves, seeds, fruits, bark of plants etc. In the present investigation, sesame oil has been extracted from powdered seeds of sesame using solubilizing powers of two solids, thymol and menthol using different methods. Melted thymol (temperature about 50°C), melted menthol (temperature about 45°C) were observed to have very good solubility for sesame oil. Therefore, they were used for extraction of sesame oil. Ethanol was found to be bad solvent for sesame oil. Thymol and menthol improved the solubility of sesame oil in ethanol and helped in extraction. Thymol and menthol are easily removed at about 80°C. Organic solvents are removed from extracts by suitable methods like heating, vacuum distillation etc. These solids (menthol and thymol) are also removable. Also, they can be recollected using suitable methods for recycling purposes. Keywords: Extraction, mixed solvency concept, sesame oil, menthol, thymol, eutectic liquid, solubilizer
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8

Jančíková, Veronika, and Michal Jablonský. "The role of deep eutectic solvents in the production of cellulose nanomaterials from biomass." Acta Chimica Slovaca 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acs-2022-0008.

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Abstract In recent years, the demand for environment-friendly products has been on an increasing trend among researchers and industry for sustainable development. Deep eutectic solvents are green solvents which, due to their properties (biodegradability, recyclability, low cost, availability, easy preparation, low toxicity, chemical and thermal stability), can be used in various fields such as polymer chemistry, which includes nanocellulose isolation and polysaccharides processing. Several studies have illustrated the effectiveness of using deep eutectic solvents instead of the conventional reaction system to produce and disperse nanomaterials. This work summarizes the use of deep eutectic solvents in the isolation of cellulosic nanomaterials from different types of biomass. Deep eutectic solvents demonstrate high effectiveness in swelling lignocellulosic biomass and producing cellulose nanomaterials. Overall, deep eutectics solvents represent an innovative and effective pretreatment process for the fractionation of raw cellulose-containing fibres to promote subsequent isolation of nanomaterials made from cellulose.
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9

Manurung, R., Taslim, and A. G. A. Siregar. "Deep Eutectic Solvents Based Choline Chloride for Enzymatic Biodiesel Production from Degumming Palm Oil." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 4 (February 25, 2020): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22193.

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Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have numerous potential applications as cosolvents. In this study, use of DES as organic solvents for enzymatic biodiesel production from degumming palm oil (DPO) was investigated. Deep eutectic solvent was synthesized using choline chloride salt (ChCl) compounds with glycerol and 1,2-propanediol. Deep eutectic solvent was characterized by viscosity, density, pH and freezing values, which were tested for effectiveness by enzymatic reactions for the production of palm biodiesel with raw materials DPO. Deep eutectic solvent of ChCl and glycerol produced the highest biodiesel yield (98.98%); weight of DES was only 0.5 % of that of the oil. In addition, the use of DES maintained the activity and stability of novozym enzymes, which was assessed as the yield until the 6th usage, which was 95.07 % biodiesel yield compared with the yield without using DES. Hence, using DES, glycerol in enzymatic biodiesel production had high potentiality as an organic solvent for palm oil biodiesel production
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10

Owczarek, Katarzyna, Natalia Szczepanska, Justyna Plotka-Wasylka, Malgorzata Rutkowska, Olena Shyshchak, Michael Bratychak, and Jacek Namiesnik. "Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents in Extraction Process." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 10, no. 4s (December 25, 2016): 601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht10.04si.601.

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Developing new, eco-friendly solvents which would meet technological and economic demands is perhaps the most popular aspects of Green Chemistry. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) fully meet green chemistry principles. These solvents offer many advantages including biodegradability, low toxicity, sustainability, low costs and simple preparation. This paper provides an overview of knowledge regarding NADES with special emphasis on extraction applications and further perspectives as truly sustainable solvents.
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11

Niftullayeva, S. A., Y. V. Mamedova, and I. G. Mamedov. "Deep eutectic solvents based on glycerol as selective extractants for the recovery of aromatic hydrocarbons and petroleum acids from model fuel." Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 14, no. 1 (March 27, 2024): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/achb.907.

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The study set out to extract various types of hydrocarbons from model fuels using deep eutectic solvents based on glycerol. These solvents were synthesised by mixing glycerol as acting as a hydrogen bond donor with ammonium chloride or triethylammonium acetate [tea] [AcO]- acting as a hydrogen bond acceptor at room temperature in a volume ratio of 1:6. A mixture of n-decane and n-hexadecane was selected as components of the model fuel. For the extraction of mixtures of benzene, ethylbenzene (5%), p-, m-, o-cresol, fluorenone (3.5%) and petroleum acids (25%), these deep eutectic solvents were used at room temperature, as well as at a temperature of 60°C, and at atmospheric pressure. Extraction efficiency was evaluated by [1]NMR spectroscopy. The results demonstrated the complete single-stage extraction of p-, m- and o-cresols from the model fuel using the studied deep eutectic solvents. A deep eutectic solvent based on glycerol and triethylammonium acetate was found to have the highest extraction efficiency. The recovery rates for benzene, ethylbenzene, and fluorenone at room temperature are achieved in 3 hours of stirring (75, 25, and 53%, respectively). M- and o-cresols were fully recovered in 1 hour in a single step using a deep eutectic solvent based on triethylammonium acetate, while complete extraction of aromatic acids from a mixture of petroleum acids in model fuel was achieved using a deep eutectic solvent obtained by mixing ammonium chloride and glycerol.
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12

Cysewski, Piotr, Tomasz Jeliński, and Maciej Przybyłek. "Experimental and Theoretical Insights into the Intermolecular Interactions in Saturated Systems of Dapsone in Conventional and Deep Eutectic Solvents." Molecules 29, no. 8 (April 11, 2024): 1743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29081743.

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Solubility is not only a crucial physicochemical property for laboratory practice but also provides valuable insight into the mechanism of saturated system organization, as a measure of the interplay between various intermolecular interactions. The importance of these data cannot be overstated, particularly when dealing with active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), such as dapsone. It is a commonly used anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent. However, its low solubility hampers its efficient applications. In this project, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were used as solubilizing agents for dapsone as an alternative to traditional solvents. DESs were composed of choline chloride and one of six polyols. Additionally, water–DES mixtures were studied as a type of ternary solvents. The solubility of dapsone in these systems was determined spectrophotometrically. This study also analyzed the intermolecular interactions, not only in the studied eutectic systems, but also in a wide range of systems found in the literature, determined using the COSMO-RS framework. The intermolecular interactions were quantified as affinity values, which correspond to the Gibbs free energy of pair formation of dapsone molecules with constituents of regular solvents and choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents. The patterns of solute–solute, solute–solvent, and solvent–solvent interactions that affect solubility were recognized using Orange data mining software (version 3.36.2). Finally, the computed affinity values were used to provide useful descriptors for machine learning purposes. The impact of intermolecular interactions on dapsone solubility in neat solvents, binary organic solvent mixtures, and deep eutectic solvents was analyzed and highlighted, underscoring the crucial role of dapsone self-association and providing valuable insights into complex solubility phenomena. Also the importance of solvent–solvent diversity was highlighted as a factor determining dapsone solubility. The Non-Linear Support Vector Regression (NuSVR) model, in conjunction with unique molecular descriptors, revealed exceptional predictive accuracy. Overall, this study underscores the potency of computed molecular characteristics and machine learning models in unraveling complex molecular interactions, thereby advancing our understanding of solubility phenomena within the scientific community.
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13

Di Carmine, Graziano, Andrew P. Abbott, and Carmine D'Agostino. "Deep eutectic solvents: alternative reaction media for organic oxidation reactions." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 6, no. 4 (2021): 582–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0re00458h.

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14

Vorobyova, Viktoria, and Margarita Skiba. "DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS AS AN ADDITIVE IN MODIFICATION OF MEMBRANEFOR NANO- AND ULTRA- FILTRATION: PHYSIC-CHEMISTRY CHARACTERISTICS, FTIR STUDY AND ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR." WATER AND WATER PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES. SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL NEWS 31, no. 3 (December 22, 2021): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2218-930032021239996.

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Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a new class of solvents that can offset some of the primary drawbacks of typical solvents and ionic liquids. They are synthesized by simply mixing the components that interact with each other through hydrogen bonds, and form a eutectic mixture with a melting point much lower than each component individually. Deep eutectic solvents is usually liquid at temperatures below 100 °C. Thanks to these great advantages, deep eutectic solvents is attracting more and more attention in many areas of research. Very recently, great attention has been paid to new pioneering attempts aiming at deep eutectic solvents into the field of chemical engineering, including membrane science and technology. Even if just a same works have been currently reported in applying deep eutectic solvents in membranes, the consideration on this new type of solvents is continuously growing. New deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride (ChCl)–lactic acid (1:2 M ratio) was obtained and its electrochemical characteristics was studied. The synthesis of deep eutectic solvents was confirmed by FA nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry method. FTIR study provided further details into hydrogen bonding upon mixing. FTIR results confirmed that H-bonds, occurring between two components in deep eutectic solvents, were the main force leading to the eutectic formation. The frequency at 3221 cm−1 can be attributed to the oscillations of the O-H bond in the formation of OH-Cl-ChCl. The main physicochemical characteristics of deep eutectic solutions (density, pH) are determined. The electrochemical behavior was investigated of choline chloride (ChCl)–lactic acid deep eutectic solvent (DES) by cyclic voltammetry. The method of cyclic voltammetry found that the oxidation of deep eutectic solvents is fixed at a potential of Ea1 = 0.54 V.
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Li, Meiyu, Yize Liu, Fanjie Hu, Hongwei Ren, and Erhong Duan. "Amino Acid-Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Aqueous Environments." Processes 9, no. 10 (September 24, 2021): 1716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9101716.

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The environmental pollution of phenol-containing wastewater is an urgent problem with industrial development. Natural deep eutectic solvents provide an environmentally friendly alternation for the solvent extraction of phenol. This study synthesized a series of natural deep eutectic solvents with L-proline and decanoic acid as precursors, characterized by in situ infrared spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and differential thermogravimetric analysis. Natural deep eutectic solvents have good thermal stability. The high-efficiency extraction of phenol from wastewater by natural deep eutectic solvents was investigated under mild conditions. The effects of natural deep eutectic solvents, phenol concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time on phenol extraction were studied. The optimized extraction conditions of phenol with L-prolin/decanoic acid were as follows: molar ratio, 4.2:1; reaction time, 60 min; and temperature, 50 °C. Extraction efficiency was up to 62%. The number of extraction cycles can be up to 6, and extraction rate not less than 57%. The promising results demonstrate that natural deep eutectic solvents are efficient in the field of phenolic compound extraction in wastewater.
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Dwamena, Amos K. "Recent Advances in Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents for Extraction." Separations 6, no. 1 (February 12, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations6010009.

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In the over 1,800 articles published since their inception in 2001, most deep eutectic solvents (DES) synthesized have been hydrophilic. The low cost, low toxicity, and bioavailability of DES make the solvent ‘green’ and sustainable for diverse applications. Conversely, the hydrophilicity of DES limits their practical application to only polar compounds, which is a major drawback of the solvent. For the past three years, hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDES) have emerged as an alternative extractive media capable of extracting non-polar organic and inorganic molecules from aqueous environments. Due to the infancy of HDES, for the first time, this mini-review summarizes the recent developmental advances in HDES synthesis, applications, challenges, and future perspectives of the solvent. In the future, it is believed HDES will replace the majority of toxic organic solvents used for analytical purposes.
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17

Farajzadeh, Mir Ali, Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam, and Behruz Feriduni. "Simultaneous synthesis of a deep eutectic solvent and its application in liquid–liquid microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous samples." RSC Advances 6, no. 53 (2016): 47990–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra04103e.

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New generation of solvents, named deep eutectic solvents, were simultaneously synthesized and used as an extraction solvent in a liquid–liquid microextraction method for the extraction and preconcentration of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
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18

Rodríguez-Llorente, Diego, Andrés Cañada-Barcala, Silvia Álvarez-Torrellas, Vicente Ismael Águeda, Juan García, and Marcos Larriba. "A Review of the Use of Eutectic Solvents, Terpenes and Terpenoids in Liquid–liquid Extraction Processes." Processes 8, no. 10 (September 30, 2020): 1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8101220.

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Diverse and abundant applications of the eutectic solvents have appeared in the last years. Their promising tunable properties, eco-friendly character and the possibility of being prepared from numerous compounds have led to the publication of numerous papers addressing their use in different areas. Terpenes and terpenoids have been employed in the formulation of eutectic solvents, though they also have been applied as solvents in extraction processes. For their hydrophobic nature, renewable character, low environmental impact, cost and being non-hazardous, they have also been proposed as possible substitutes of conventional solvents in the separation of organic compounds from aqueous streams, similarly to hydrophobic eutectic solvents. The present work reviews the application of eutectic solvents in liquid–liquid extraction and terpenes and terpenoids in extraction processes. It has been made a research in the current state-of-the-art in these fields, describing the proposed applications of the solvents. It has been highlighted the scale-up feasibility, solvent regeneration and reuse procedures and the comparison of the performance of eutectic solvents, terpenes and terpenoids in extraction with conventional organic solvents or ionic liquids. Ultimately, it has been also discussed the employ of predictive methods in extraction, the reliability of thermodynamic models in correlation of liquid–liquid equilibria and simulation of liquid–liquid extraction processes.
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19

Farajzadeh, Mir Ali, Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam, and Mahdi Aghanassab. "Deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction." Analytical Methods 8, no. 12 (2016): 2576–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay03189c.

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20

Balakrishnan I, Jawahar N, Senthil Venkatachalam, and Debosmita Datta. "A brief review on eutectic mixture and its role in pharmaceutical field." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (July 6, 2020): 3017–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2398.

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Eutectic mixture (EM) is as a mixture of more than one substance that does not interact individually to create a new entity but in a particular ratio that exhibits a lower range of melting point than it had in individual. EM should be formulated in such a way that it should have major advantages in pharmaceutical industries. EM can be a mixture of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), or different ratios of APIs and excipients, or various excipients. Deep eutectic solvents containing APIs (API-DES) considered as an innovative approach to form different APIs in the liquid state. This new approach of liquid form is versatile and plays an important role in drug delivery. The selection of ideal hydrogen bond-donor (HBD) and hydrogen bond-acceptor (HBA) is an essential parameter. Ionic liquids (IL), derivatives of deep eutectic solvents (DES) have got much attention since it can replace harmful organic solvent by their extraordinary properties. Therapeutic deep eutectic solvents (THEDESs) are considered to be an exceptional option in the advancement of biomedicine. This can be utilized for improvising drug solubility, bioavailability as well as drug permeation through the skin. Natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) can be considered as an alternate option, replacing harsh solvents. It has special characteristics of better biodegradability and biocompatibility. These NADES mainly used to separate and purification of natural compounds. This review focuses on the eutectic mixture and its application in the area of drug delivery systems, and pharmaceutical and pharmacological fields.
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21

Pasichnik, Elena Yu, and Nikita S. Tsvetov. "Features of the application of methods for determining the total content of biologically active substances (polyphenols and flavonoids, total antioxidant and antiradical activities) in the presence of deep eutectic solvents." Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre of RAS. Series: Engineering Sciences 13, no. 1/2022 (December 27, 2022): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2949-1215.2022.13.1.033.

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Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are biologically safe solvents containing donors and acceptors of hydrogen bonds.They are considered promising alternative solvents used in the extraction of biologically active substances from plants.To characterize extracts, spectrophotometric methods based on various complexation reactions are used, such as quantitative determination of the total content of flavonoids, polyphenols, determination of the total antioxidant activity. However, the articles indicate calibration characteristics for aqueous or ethanol solutions of standard substances, and no calibration dependencies were found in the DES medium. The question of the validity of the application of calibration characteristics using ethanol solutions for DES remains open. Therefore, the aim of our work was to assess the effect of the presence of deep eutectic solvents on the applicability of methods for determining polyphenols, flavonoids and total antioxidant activity. In the course of the work, calibration dependences were obtained in the medium of deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride and malonic, malic, citric and tartaric acids. It has been established that the nature of the solvent strongly influences the calibration coefficients, which indicates the need to use separate graduations for each type of solvent.
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Pestana, Samuel C., João N. Machado, R. Domingos Pinto, Bernardo D. Ribeiro, and Isabel M. Marrucho. "Natural eutectic solvents for sustainable recycling of poly(ethyleneterephthalate): closing the circle." Green Chemistry 23, no. 23 (2021): 9460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1gc02403e.

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Aiming at providing a new solution for processing and recycling PET, the full solubilization of PET from water bottles in natural eutectic solvents was achieved as well as its full recovery, retaining PET properties and recycling the eutectic solvent.
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Sailau, Zh A., N. Zh Almas, K. Toshtai, A. A. Aldongarov, and Y. A. Aubakirov. "INVESTIGATING COMPUTATIONALLY THE FORMATION MECHANISM OF METHYLTRIPHENYLPHOSPHONIUM BROMIDE AND ETHYLENE GLYCOL BASED NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENT AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN THE PURIFICATION OF BIOFUEL." Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan 80, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.51580/2022-3/2710-1185.97.

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Biodiesel is a new replacement for various types of traditional fuels. There are many advantages of biofuel including renewable, less-flammability, and cheaper compared to traditional fuel, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and others. However, the primary challenge of biofuel production in the large-scale production is related to purification of its unwanted impurities such as glycerol, water, methanol, soap/catalyst, free fatty acids, glycerides and others. Herein, glycerol is an unwanted impurity of biofuel that leads to problems including i) deposition in the bottom of fuel tank, ii) decantation, iii) engine durability problems, iv) setting problems, v) injector fouling, vi) storage problem, and others. Consequently, there are many ways to remove glycerol, and herein, the one alternative is extraction of glycerol from biodiesel via Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents. In this regard, the mixture of a methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide and ethylene glycol, as a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent ais effective in removing glycerol from biofuel. In this work, we had investigated the formation mechanism of methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide and ethylene glycol, as a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents, and then extraction of glycerol from biofuel via Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents via implementing Quantum Chemical Calculations using HyperChem software. The results imply that there are strong ionic and covalent interactions between bromine, methyltriphenylphosphonium and ethylene glycol according to optimized structures, bond length, energies, and others. Secondly, the extraction of glycerol from biofuel is mainly achieved via bromine ion of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent, and the structure of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent is remaining unchanged after this process, meaning its stability, and can be reused.
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Terlidis, Konstantinos, Vassilis Athanasiadis, Theodoros Chatzimitakos, Eleni Bozinou, and Stavros I. Lalas. "Carotenoids Extraction from Orange Peels Using a Thymol-Based Hydrophobic Eutectic Solvent." AppliedChem 3, no. 4 (September 25, 2023): 437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/appliedchem3040028.

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The food industry produces substantial amounts of waste, which can cause a lot of environmental issues. However, such waste is also a valuable source of bioactive substances that can potentially be used either by the food industry or other types of industries, in the production of medicines, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, etc. The present study proposes a novel approach to extract such bioactive compounds from orange peel waste using hydrophobic eutectic solvents synthesized with thymol and fatty acids (hexanoic and octanoic acid). A response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction conditions and achieve maximum recovery of carotenoids. The optimal hydrophobic eutectic solvent consisted of thymol and hexanoic acid at a molar ratio of 2:1, and the optimum extraction was achieved using a solvent-to-solid ratio of 12:1 and a temperature of 20 °C for 78 min; this resulted in a recovery of 259.45 μg of total carotenoids per g of dry matter, which is a significantly higher recovery compared to common organic solvents. Based on the above, it is demonstrated that hydrophobic eutectic solvents is a promising solvent that can be used to extract bioactive compounds from orange peel waste.
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Murakami, Yoichi, Sudhir Kumar Das, Yuki Himuro, and Satoshi Maeda. "Triplet-sensitized photon upconversion in deep eutectic solvents." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 45 (2017): 30603–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp06494b.

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Dindarloo Inaloo, Iman, and Sahar Majnooni. "Carbon dioxide utilization in the efficient synthesis of carbamates by deep eutectic solvents (DES) as green and attractive solvent/catalyst systems." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 28 (2019): 11275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj02810b.

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Spathariotis, Stylianos, Nand Peeters, Karl S. Ryder, Andrew P. Abbott, Koen Binnemans, and Sofia Riaño. "Separation of iron(iii), zinc(ii) and lead(ii) from a choline chloride–ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent by solvent extraction." RSC Advances 10, no. 55 (2020): 33161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra06091g.

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Frolova, Margarita A., Nikita S. Tsvetov, Roman G. Kushlyaev, and Svetlana V. Drogobuzhskaya. "Study of the process of dissolution of lanthanum hydroxide in deep eutectic solvents." Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre of RAS. Series: Engineering Sciences 13, no. 1/2022 (December 27, 2022): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2949-1215.2022.13.1.045.

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Deep eutectic solvents are potentially promising media for metals from various materials, including rocks. Of particular interest is the possibility of extracting rare earth elements, the demand for which is growing due to the expansion of their consumption. However, there are little data on the solubility of rare earth element compounds in deep eutectic. The purpose of this work is to study the process of dissolution of compounds of rare earth elements, in particular lanthanum hydroxide, in deep eutectic solvents. The dynamics of the dissolution of lanthanum hydroxide in deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride and malonic, malic, tartaric and citric acids, was investigated. It was found that the concentration of lanthanum when using a deep eutectic solvent with tartaric acid almost immediately reaches a plateau, with malonic and malic acid it gradually decreases, and with citric acid it increases. The highest concentration of lanthanum is achieved by using a mixture of choline chloride with citric acid — 10.9 g / l.
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Bhakuni, Kavya, Niketa Yadav, and Pannuru Venkatesu. "A novel amalgamation of deep eutectic solvents and crowders as biocompatible solvent media for enhanced structural and thermal stability of bovine serum albumin." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 42 (2020): 24410–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp04397d.

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Schuur, Boelo, Thomas Brouwer, and Lisette M. J. Sprakel. "Recent Developments in Solvent-Based Fluid Separations." Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 12, no. 1 (June 7, 2021): 573–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-102620-015346.

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The most important developments in solvent-based fluid separations, separations involving at least one fluid phase, are reviewed. After a brief introduction and discussion on general solvent trends observed in all fields of application, several specific fields are discussed. Important solvent trends include replacement of traditional molecular solvents by ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents and, more recently, increasing discussion around bio-based solvents in some application fields. Furthermore, stimuli-responsive systems are discussed; the most significant developments in this field are seen for CO2-switchable and redox-responsive solvents. Discussed fields of application include hydrocarbons separations, carbon capture, biorefineries, and metals separations. For all but the hydrocarbons separations, newly reported electrochemically mediated separations seem to offer exciting new windows of opportunities.
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Škulcová, Andrea, Lucia Kamenská, Filip Kalman, Aleš Ház, Michal Jablonský, Katarína Čížová, and Igor Šurina. "Deep Eutectic Solvents as Medium for Pretreatment of Biomass." Key Engineering Materials 688 (April 2016): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.688.17.

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In the field of green chemistry is the study of new solvent systems the great challenge. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) represent the principles of green chemistry. Currently are preferred these new types of chemicals suitable for the selective removal of extractives, lignin or polysaccharides from biomass. Biomass is selectively treated to the individual fractions, of which is possible with following purification to obtain products in higher yields and purity. In this work are describes various deep eutectic solvents, which can be used for pretreatment of biomass.
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Gu, Tongnian, Mingliang Zhang, Ting Tan, Jia Chen, Zhan Li, Qinghua Zhang, and Hongdeng Qiu. "Deep eutectic solvents as novel extraction media for phenolic compounds from model oil." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 79 (2014): 11749–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc04661g.

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Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as a new kind of green solvent were used for the first time to excellently extract phenolic compounds from model oil. It was also proved that DES could be used to extract other polar compounds from non-polar or weakly-polar solvents by liquid-phase microextraction.
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Özmatara Bat, Merver. "Environmentally Friendly Extraction of Antioxidants from Elettaria cardamomum seeds with Glucose-Citric Acid-Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent." Records of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 1, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2021): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25135/rfac.3.2107.2149.

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Elettaria cardamomum belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. It contains components (phenolic compounds, alkaloids, terpenoids) it has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. The purpose of this study is to research the effect of glucose-citric acid based natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) on the antioxidant activity of Elettaria cardamomum. In this study, glucose-citric acid was used as a NADES and methanol-water was used as a conventional solvent. The radical scavenging activities, phenolic compound and tannin amounts of the extracts obtained as a result of extraction with two different solvents were found. Antioxidant activities of extracts prepared with natural deep eutectic solvent were found to be higher. It has been shown that NADES, which are less harmful on the health and environment, have low toxicity and are environmentally friendly, can be used in extraction instead of traditional solvents such as hexane, benzene, and methanol.
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Mukesh, Chandrakant, Santosh Govind Khokarale, Pasi Virtanen, and Jyri-Pekka Mikkola. "Rapid desorption of CO2 from deep eutectic solvents based on polyamines at lower temperatures: an alternative technology with industrial potential." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 3, no. 8 (2019): 2125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9se00112c.

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Environment friendly and thermally stable deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on polyamines with low price, low solvent loss and oxidatively non-degradable characteristic for reversible CO2 capture.
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Wang, Lei, Xianying Fang, Yang Hu, Yiwei Zhang, Zhipeng Qi, Jie Li, and Linguo Zhao. "Efficient extraction of bioactive flavonoids from Celtis sinensis leaves using deep eutectic solvent as green media." RSC Advances 11, no. 29 (2021): 17924–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra01848e.

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In recent years, deep eutectic solvent (DES) has attracted comprehensive attention on the extraction of natural products, and is regarded as an alternative to traditional organic solvents for the environmental advantages.
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Faverio, Chiara, Monica Fiorenza Boselli, Patricia Camarero Gonzalez, Alessandra Puglisi, and Maurizio Benaglia. "Nitroalkene reduction in deep eutectic solvents promoted by BH3NH3." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 17 (May 6, 2021): 1041–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.17.83.

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Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have gained attention as green and safe as well as economically and environmentally sustainable alternative to the traditional organic solvents. Here, we report the combination of an atom-economic, very convenient and inexpensive reagent, such as BH3NH3, with bio-based eutectic mixtures as biorenewable solvents in the synthesis of nitroalkanes, valuable precursors of amines. A variety of nitrostyrenes and alkyl-substituted nitroalkenes, including α- and β-substituted nitroolefins, were chemoselectively reduced to the nitroalkanes, with an atom economy-oriented, simple and convenient experimental procedure. A reliable and easily reproducible protocol to isolate the product without the use of any organic solvent was established, and the recyclability of the DES mixture was successfully investigated.
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Altamash, Tausif, Abdulkarem Amhamed, Santiago Aparicio, and Mert Atilhan. "Effect of Hydrogen Bond Donors and Acceptors on CO2 Absorption by Deep Eutectic Solvents." Processes 8, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 1533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8121533.

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The effects of a hydrogen bond acceptor and hydrogen bond donor on carbon dioxide absorption via natural deep eutectic solvents were studied in this work. Naturally occurring non-toxic deep eutectic solvent constituents were considered; choline chloride, b-alanine, and betaine were selected as hydrogen bond acceptors; lactic acid, malic acid, and fructose were selected as hydrogen bond donors. Experimental gas absorption data were collected via experimental methods that uses gravimetric principles. Carbon dioxide capture data for an isolated hydrogen bond donor and hydrogen bond acceptor, as well as natural deep eutectic solvents, were collected. In addition to experimental data, a theoretical study using Density Functional Theory was carried out to analyze the properties of these fluids from the nanoscopic viewpoint and their relationship with the macroscopic behavior of the system, and its ability for carbon dioxide absorption. The combined experimental and theoretical reported approach work leads to valuable discussions on what is the effect of each hydrogen bond donor or acceptor, as well as how they influence the strength and stability of the carbon dioxide absorption in deep eutectic solvents. Theoretical calculations explained the experimental findings, and combined results showed the superiority of the hydrogen bond acceptor role in the gas absorption process, with deep eutectic solvents. Specifically, the cases in which choline chloride was used as hydrogen bond acceptor showed the highest absorption performance. Furthermore, it was observed that when malic acid was used as a hydrogen bond donor, it led to low carbon dioxide solubility performance in comparison to other studied deep eutectic solvents. The cases in which lactic acid was used as a hydrogen bond donor showed great absorption performance. In light of this work, more targeted, specific, deep eutectic solvents can be designed for effective and alternative carbon dioxide capture and management.
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Matthews, Lauren, Silvia Ruscigno, Sarah E. Rogers, Paul Bartlett, Andrew J. Johnson, Robert Sochon, and Wuge H. Briscoe. "Fracto-eutectogels: SDS fractal dendrites via counterion condensation in a deep eutectic solvent." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 20 (2021): 11672–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp01370j.

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Fracto-eutectogels comprising dendritic fractal aggregates of SDS surfactants in glyceline, a deep eutectic solvent, are observed for the first time, alluding to curious self-assembly mechanisms in such H-bonding rich, non-aqueous green solvents.
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He, Yongke, Yan Yan, Junbiao Wu, and Xiaowei Song. "Ionothermal synthesis of a new three-dimensional manganese(ii) phosphate with DFT-zeotype structure." RSC Advances 5, no. 27 (2015): 21019–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra01350j.

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The first example of manganese phosphate with zeolite topology has been ionothermally synthesized by using deep eutectic solvents as the solvent and template-delivery agent, which in situ yields ethylene diammonium cations acting as the template.
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40

Cui, Y., K. D. Fulfer, J. Ma, T. K. Weldeghiorghis, and D. G. Kuroda. "Solvation dynamics of an ionic probe in choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 46 (2016): 31471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp06318g.

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Study of the solvation dynamics of an ionic probe in different choline-based deep eutectic solvents shows that the process is controlled by the motions of the choline ions within the pseudo lattice formed by the solvent.
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41

Nisar, Asma, Awang Soh Mamat, Md Irfan Hatim, Muhammad Shahzad Aslam, and Muhammad Syarhabil Ahmad. "Antioxidant and Total Phenolic Content of Catharanthus roseus Using Deep Eutectic Solvent." Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine 03 (2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/rabm.2017.03.355635.

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Deep eutectic solvents as a new type of eco-friendly solvents have attracted attention in chemistry, medicine, and other fields for the extraction and separation of target compounds from medicinal plants. Deep eutectic solvents are easy to prepare and have many advantages as solvents, such as chemical inertness with water, low cost, easy biodegradability, and pharmaceutically acceptable toxicity. In this study, a deep eutectic solvent made up of choline chloride-glycerol (1:2) was used for the extraction of flavonoids from Catharanthus roseus plant parts (flower petal, leaves, stem, and root). The highest amount of phenolic content was detected in flower petal, that is, 194.50 mg GAE/g. In DPPH test, the maximum amount of antioxidant activity determined in the flower petal was 73.13%; IC50 was calculated by using a linear regression equation; IC50 value of the standard, stem, root, leaf, and flower petal was 13.22, 90.44, 83.93, 120.14, 79.49 μg/ml, respectively. The result of this research is that Catharanthus roseus has a compatible antioxidant activity. This can be helpful for the treatment of diseases caused by free-radical oxidative stress.
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Nisar, Asma, Awang Soh Mamat, Md Irfan Hatim, Muhammad Shahzad Aslam, and Muhammad Syarhabil Ahmad. "Identification of Flavonoids (Quercetin, Gallic acid and Rutin) from Catharanthus roseus Plant Parts using Deep Eutectic Solvent." Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine 03 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/rabm.2016.02.347628.

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Green technology is the most important topic in the pharmaceutical field because it reduces the cost of medicines and minimizes the environmental impact of the field and is better for human health and safety. Green chemistry emphasizes that the solvent should be nontoxic, safe, cheap, green, readily available, recyclable, and biodegradable. Deep eutectic solvents, a new type of green solvent, have some renowned properties—for instance, high thermal stability, low vapor pressure, low cost, biodegradability, and high viscosity. In this study, deep eutectic solvents made up of choline chloride-glycerol (1:2) were used for the extraction and isolation of flavonoid (rutin, gallic acid, and quercetin) from Catharanthus roseus plant parts, flower petal, leaves, stem, and root. The amounts of rutin and quercetin in flower petal are 29.46 and 6.51%, respectively, whereas, rutin, gallic acid, and quercetin amounts in leaves are 25.16, 8.57, and 10.47%, respectively. In stem the amounts of rutin, gallic acid, and quercetin are 13.02, 5.89, and 7.47%, respectively. In root, only quercetin has been obtained that is 13.49%. The HPLC is an analytical method, which was found to be an excellent technique for determination of rutin, gallic acid, and quercetin using deep eutectic solvent extraction from plant parts of Catharanthus roseus.
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Nisar, Asma, Awang Soh Mamat, Md Irfan Hatim, Muhammad Shahzad Aslam, and Muhammad Syarhabil Ahmad. "Identification of Flavonoids (Quercetin, Gallic acid and Rutin) from Catharanthus roseus Plant Parts using Deep Eutectic Solvent." Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine 03 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/rabm.2017.03.347628.

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Green technology is the most important topic in the pharmaceutical field because it reduces the cost of medicines and minimizes the environmental impact of the field and is better for human health and safety. Green chemistry emphasizes that the solvent should be nontoxic, safe, cheap, green, readily available, recyclable, and biodegradable. Deep eutectic solvents, a new type of green solvent, have some renowned properties—for instance, high thermal stability, low vapor pressure, low cost, biodegradability, and high viscosity. In this study, deep eutectic solvents made up of choline chloride-glycerol (1:2) were used for the extraction and isolation of flavonoid (rutin, gallic acid, and quercetin) from Catharanthus roseus plant parts, flower petal, leaves, stem, and root. The amounts of rutin and quercetin in flower petal are 29.46 and 6.51%, respectively, whereas, rutin, gallic acid, and quercetin amounts in leaves are 25.16, 8.57, and 10.47%, respectively. In stem the amounts of rutin, gallic acid, and quercetin are 13.02, 5.89, and 7.47%, respectively. In root, only quercetin has been obtained that is 13.49%. The HPLC is an analytical method, which was found to be an excellent technique for determination of rutin, gallic acid, and quercetin using deep eutectic solvent extraction from plant parts of Catharanthus roseus.
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44

Vargas-Serna, Claudia L., Claudia I. Ochoa-Martínez, and Carlos Vélez-Pasos. "Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Pineapple Peel Using Deep Eutectic Solvents." Horticulturae 8, no. 9 (August 30, 2022): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8090791.

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Approximately half of the world’s pineapple production is marketed as a processed product, leading to the generation of a significant quantity of industrial waste, mainly composed of pineapple peels, cores, and crowns. This study evaluated deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for the assisted microwave extraction of phenolic compounds from pineapple peels and their antioxidant capacity. DESs are considered environmentally friendly solvents characterized by their low toxicity and high capacity for the extraction of bioactive compounds. DESs (choline chloride-glycerol and choline-chloride-malic acid) were used for phenolic compound extraction and compared with traditional solvents such as water, ethanol, methanol, ethanol-water (50%), and methanol-water (50%). A higher concentration of phenolic compounds was achieved using choline chloride-glycerol than traditional solvents as an extraction solvent (7.98 mg eq of gallic acid/g of dry weight). In all the treatments, the antioxidant capacity was higher than 85%. The process variables (drying temperature, extraction time, and solvent/solid ratio) were optimized using choline chloride-glycerol as a solvent. It was found that a drying temperature of 67 °C, an extraction time of 87 s, and a solvent/solid ratio of 60.5 mL/g allow maximizing the content of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity of the extract.
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Wu, Kai, Ting Su, Dongmei Hao, Weiping Liao, Yuchao Zhao, Wanzhong Ren, Changliang Deng, and Hongying Lü. "Choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents for efficient cycloaddition of CO2 with propylene oxide." Chemical Communications 54, no. 69 (2018): 9579–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc04412k.

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Choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) exhibited remarkable activity in the cycloaddition of CO2 with propylene oxide (PO) in the absence of any additives under solvent- and metal-free conditions as well as recyclability.
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46

Ling, Jordy Kim Ung, and Kunn Hadinoto. "Deep Eutectic Solvent as Green Solvent in Extraction of Biological Macromolecules: A Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 6 (March 21, 2022): 3381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063381.

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Greater awareness of environmental sustainability has driven many industries to transition from using synthetic organic solvents to greener solvents in their manufacturing. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as a highly promising category of green solvents with well-demonstrated and wide-ranging applications, including their use as a solvent in extraction of small-molecule bioactive compounds for food and pharmaceutical applications. The use of DES as an extraction solvent of biological macromolecules, on the other hand, has not been as extensively studied. Thereby, the feasibility of employing DES for biomacromolecule extraction has not been well elucidated. To bridge this gap, this review provides an overview of DES with an emphasis on its unique physicochemical properties that make it an attractive green solvent (e.g., non-toxicity, biodegradability, ease of preparation, renewable, tailorable properties). Recent advances in DES extraction of three classes of biomacromolecules—i.e., proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids—were discussed and future research needs were identified. The importance of DES’s properties—particularly its viscosity, polarity, molar ratio of DES components, and water addition—on the DES extraction’s performance were discussed. Not unlike the findings from DES extraction of bioactive small molecules, DES extraction of biomacromolecules was concluded to be generally superior to extraction using synthetic organic solvents.
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Yigit, Ekrem Akif, and Yahya Erkan Akansu. "Investigation of Deep Eutectic Solvent Based Super Dielectric Electrolytes for Supercapacitors." Energy Environment and Storage 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52924/mskh9311.

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This study investigates a new type of electrolyte based on deep eutectic solvents. Choline chloride based deep eutectic solvents were prepared and they were used as base ionic solvents for super dielectric theory. Deep eutectic solvent was mixed with a non-conducting material such as fumed silica, alumina. The mixture shows a super dielectric behavior which is used as electrolyte for electrochemical double layer capacitors also known as supercapacitors. The supercapacitor cells were composed of an electrode, a paper-based separator and this super dielectric electrolyte. The electrode of commercial standard supercapacitor is used first as an electrode. Second an electrode slurry was prepared in order to make custom electrode. Then the performance of both cells was investigated. The specific capacitances of cells were measured and the amount of increase at the capacitances was evaluated. The results showed that up to 14-fold increase of the specific capacitances of the commercial supercapacitor have been achieved. Also, up to 12-fold increase of the specific capacitances of our custom-made cells have been achieved. The charge-discharge characteristics and ESR values of the cells confirms that the cells show outperforming properties. Deep eutectic solvents based super dielectric electrolytes are very promising electrolytes for high energy density supercapacitors.
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Panić, Jovana, Maksim Rapaić, Slobodan Gadžurić, and Milan Vraneš. "Solubility and Solvation Properties of Pharmaceutically Active Ionic Liquid Benzocainium Ibuprofenate in Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent Menthol–Lauric Acid." Molecules 28, no. 15 (July 28, 2023): 5723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155723.

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Due to their appealing physiochemical properties, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and ionic liquids (ILs) are utilized in various research fields and industries. The presented research analyzes the thermodynamic properties of a deep eutectic solvent created from natural molecules, menthol and lauric acid in a 2:1 molar ratio, and an ionic liquid based on two active pharmaceutical ingredients, benzocainium ibuprofenate. Initially, the low solubility of benzocainium ibuprofenate in water was observed, and a hydrophobic natural deep eutectic mixture of menthol:lauric acid in a 2:1 ratio was prepared to improve benzocainium ibuprofenate solubility. In order to determine the solvent properties of DESs and ILs mixtures at different temperatures and their molecular interactions to enhance the solvent performance, the apparent molar volume, limiting apparent molar expansibility, and viscosity B coefficient were estimated in temperature range from 293.15 K to 313.15 K and varying concentration of benzocainium ibuprofenate.
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Demmelmayer, Paul, Marija Ćosić, and Marlene Kienberger. "Mineral Acid Co-Extraction in Reactive Extraction of Lactic Acid Using a Thymol-Menthol Deep Eutectic Solvent as a Green Modifier." Molecules 29, no. 8 (April 11, 2024): 1722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29081722.

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Carboxylic acids can be isolated from fermentation broths using reactive liquid-liquid extraction, offering an alternative to the environmentally harmful state-of-the-art process of precipitating calcium lactate. To enhance the sustainability of liquid-liquid extraction processes, greener solvents, such as natural deep eutectic solvents, are investigated. However, fermentation broths often exhibit pH values unsuitable for carboxylic acid extraction, which can be adjusted using mineral acids, though mineral acids may be co-extracted. In this study, we systematically examine the co-extraction of hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric, and phosphoric acid during extraction and back-extraction of lactic acid. The solvent phase consisted of tri-n-octylamine, trioctylphosphine oxide, or tributyl phosphate diluted in a thymol-menthol deep eutectic solvent. The back-extraction was conducted using a diluent swing with p-cymene as the antisolvent and water as the receiving phase. Tri-n-octylamine showed the highest efficiency for lactic acid (up to 29.8%) but also the highest co-extraction of mineral acids (up to 50.9%). In contrast, trioctylphosphine oxide exhibited a lower but more selective lactic acid extraction (5.94%) with low mineral acids co-extraction (0.135%). Overall, the highest co-extraction was observed for phosphoric acid and the lowest for nitric acid. In conclusion, the selected solvent phase composition and mineral acid influence the co-extraction and, thus, final product purity. The successful application of the natural deep eutectic solvent as the modifier enhances the sustainability of liquid–liquid extraction processes.
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Mannu, Alberto, Marco Blangetti, Salvatore Baldino, and Cristina Prandi. "Promising Technological and Industrial Applications of Deep Eutectic Systems." Materials 14, no. 10 (May 12, 2021): 2494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102494.

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Deep Eutectic Systems (DESs) are obtained by combining Hydrogen Bond Acceptors (HBAs) and Hydrogen Bond Donors (HBDs) in specific molar ratios. Since their first appearance in the literature in 2003, they have shown a wide range of applications, ranging from the selective extraction of biomass or metals to medicine, as well as from pollution control systems to catalytic active solvents and co-solvents. The very peculiar physical properties of DESs, such as the elevated density and viscosity, reduced conductivity, improved solvent ability and a peculiar optical behavior, can be exploited for engineering modular systems which cannot be obtained with other non-eutectic mixtures. In the present review, selected DESs research fields, as their use in materials synthesis, as solvents for volatile organic compounds, as ingredients in pharmaceutical formulations and as active solvents and cosolvents in organic synthesis, are reported and discussed in terms of application and future perspectives.
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