Relevant bibliographies by topics / European Union – Spain

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'European Union – Spain'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "European Union – Spain"

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Menéndez-Alarcón, Antonio. "Spain in the European Union." International Journal of Cultural Studies 3, no. 3 (December 2000): 331–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136787790000300302.

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Papaioannou, Katerina G. "Spain's Activity in the European Cultural Initiatives." European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 3 (May 28, 2022): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejsocial.2022.2.3.266.

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The main purpose of this study is to highlight the way in which Spain has functioned since its accession to the European Union in 1986 in the field of culture. After completing the process of transition to democracy, and having fully recognized the importance of culture, Spain began to be active and to participate with success in most European cultural programs. The interest between Spain and the European Union has been mutual from the beginning. Spain was interested in promoting Spanish culture in Europe and the European Union in highlighting the cultural diversity that characterized Spain. New resources were arriving at the country and Spain tried to use them in the best possible way to promote the sector of culture. Spain has been actively involved in almost all cultural initiatives developed by the European Union. In this study we aim to present an analysis about Spain’s activity in the context of European cultural initiatives in order to enter a new era. More particular, we aim to identify the activity of Spain in the institution of the European Capital of Culture, the European Heritage Label, the European Days of Cultural Heritage and the Digital Libraries Initiative. We address and analyze how Spain eventually created a new image of the country both at a European and at an international level. Moreover, is presented an analysis on the cultural policy pursued by Spain after its accession to the European Union.
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Monsalve, Laura, Jose Gallego, and Jose Manuel Aguilar. "Estudio analítico-comparado sobre las políticas educativas en educación para la salud en la Unión Europea." Psychology, Society, & Education 5, no. 2 (April 28, 2017): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/psye.v5i2.503.

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Resumen: Este trabajo trata sobre un estudio comparado de las Políticas Educativas en material de Educación para la salud en los países de la Unión Europea con la finalidad de ver cómo se concretan en España. La Unión Europea en su legislación afirma que si se quiere avanzar como sociedad del conocimiento y competir eficazmente en una economía globalizada, para Europa es vital contar con una educación y formación de alta calidad. En la Unión Europea, la política educativa es competencia de cada país, pero entre todos fijan objetivos comunes y comparten las mejores prácticas. Por ello es motivo de este estudio comparar las Políticas educativas en materia de Educación para la salud en algunos países de la Unión Europea (España, Reino Unido, Francia y Alemania) y poder comparar las prácticas utilizadas en cada uno de ellos para poder de este modo coger lo mejor de cada país. El objetivo general que se persigue es analizar y comparar la situación de las políticas educativas en educación para la salud en las escuelas de la Unión Europea y en concreto las de Reino Unido, Francia, Alemania y España. A lo largo de este trabajo veremos que la educación para la salud en la escuela es un elemento de calidad así como un elemento necesario de educación integral en todas las etapas de la educación obligatoria. Analytical and comparative study on educational policies in health education in the European Union. Abstract: This paper deals with a comparative study of material Educational Policies in Health Education in the countries of the European Union for the purpose of seeing take shape in Spain. The EU legislation states that if you want to advance as a knowledge society and compete effectively in a global economy, Europe is vital to have an education and training of high quality. In the European Union, education policy is the responsibility of each country, but among all set common goals and share best practices. For this reason this study is to compare the educational policies on health education in some countries of the European Union (Spain, UK, France and Germany) and to compare the practices in each of them to this take the best of each country mode. The general objective pursued is to analyze and compare the situation of education policies in health education in the schools of the European Union and in particular the UK, France, Germany and Spain. Throughout this paper we will see that health education in school is a quality item as well as a necessary element of comprehensive education in all stages of compulsory education.
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Turrión, Jaime, and Francisco J. Velázquez. "Consequences of European Union Enlargement for Spain." World Economy 27, no. 6 (June 2004): 761–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2004.00628.x.

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Laopodis, Nikiforos T. "Currency Substitution And European Monetary Union." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 14, no. 4 (August 29, 2011): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v14i4.5651.

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<p>Results from cointegration and error-correction models for testing the effects of currency substitution in Greece, Portugal and Spain, in light of their upcoming participation in the European Monetary Union, revealed no significant short- or long-run currency substitution behavior in any country, suggesting that joining the union now would offer them no real benefits, unless significant economic convergence is achieved.</p>
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Lorente Martínez, Isabel. "Brexit y cláusulas de sumisión en los contratos internacionales = Brexit and prorrogation clauses in international contracts." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 9, no. 2 (October 5, 2017): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2017.3879.

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Resumen: El Brexit ha traído consigo una etapa nunca antes conocida en la Unión Europea. Los interrogantes que suscita la salida del Reino Unido de la Unión Europea son múltiples. Este trabajo aborda la cuestión de las cláusulas de sumisión expresa contenidas en los contratos internacionales y la aplicación del art. 25 del Reglamento Bruselas I-bis en el nuevo escenario que presenta el Brexit.Palabras clave: sumisión expresa, competencia judicial internacional, materia contractual, Brexit, Reino Unido, España.Abstract: The Brexit has brought a stage never before known in the European Union. The questions that provokes the exit of the United Kingdom of the European Union are multiple. The present paper focuses the question of prorrogation of jurisdiction clauses, art. 25 I Regulate Brussels I-bis, ininternational contracts in the new scenario that the Brexit has started.Keywords: express submission, international jurisdiction, contractual matters, Brexit, United Kingdom, Spain.
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Sharoichenko, Natalia. "Spain and the European Union: topical issues of interaction." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos, no. 4 (December 28, 2017): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2017-4-70-73.

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This article analyzes various aspects of interaction of Spain and European Union (EU) at the present stage. Due to the fact that the studied period is less than six months (including several events happened in a period less than a month) before presenting the paper, this research is topical and covers issues which were not examined before in academic literature. The aim of the study is to analyze major problems on which Spain has made suggestions for positive changes in the EU recently. The research was conducted with the help of such methods, as event-analysis, comparison and system approach. The article implies consistent and coherent analysis of important recent events, political and economic processes which actors were Spain and the European Union. In order to make the research comprehensive, materials of international media, official statements and papers of researchers from Spanish-speaking countries on associated topics were studied. The main conclusion on Spain’s participation in political and economic processes at the level of the EU is that Spain suggests different ways to strengthen economies of the Eurozone, accelerate integration in the framework of the EU, resolve migration crisis and fight against terrorism in Europe. Thanks to economic growth during this year and relative stabilization of political situation after the party crisis, Spain began to participate more actively in international projects within the EU, and it is engaged in a constructive dialogue on the most urgent European problems.
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Uriarte Sánchez, Carlos. "Relationship between Spain and Russia through shared interests: key for normalization of relations with the European Union." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 9, no. 1 (November 6, 2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2021-9-1-9-18.

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Since 2014 relations between the European Union and Russia have been severely affected by the sanctions policy that has been detrimental to both sides. However, Spain has not been able to stand aside from this policy. Nevertheless, Spain, maintaining a common position on sanctions against Russia out of solidarity and because of its obligations to European partners, has tried to develop bilateral relations with the Russian Federation in a positive way. Spain realizes that more unites it with Russia rather than divides. Spain and Russia have common interests and challenges not only in cultural, scientific, economic and commercial spheres of bilateral relations, but also in political areas of the global agenda such as the climate change and terrorism, the organized crime. These challenges are also common for both the European Union as a whole and Russia, and for this reason, Spain can play a role of catalyst in possible rapprochement. Without abandoning the principles and values at the heart of the European project, Spain can advance a bilateral agenda with Russia, which will contribute to the gradual building of mutual relations, including in political sphere. The ultimate goal will be achieved when the right conditions are created and the broken trust is restored. Spain could also lead this process within the European Union, since it has a more balanced position in relations with Russia than other European partners do. Thus, Spain can become a necessary and key facilitator of the dialogue and efforts to normalize relations.
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Hualde López, Ibon, and Victoria Sánchez Pos. "El arbitraje de inversión en España tras la reciente doctrina del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea = Investment arbitration in Spain in light of recent jurisprudence from the European Union Court of Justice." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 10, no. 2 (October 5, 2018): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2018.4408.

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Resumen: El pasado mes de marzo el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea abrió una vía favo­rable para España al declarar, mediante la sentencia resolutoria de una petición de decisión prejudicial planteada por el Tribunal de casación alemán, que la cláusula de arbitraje incluida en el Tratado para el Fomento y la Protección Recíprocos de las Inversiones celebrado en 1991 entre el Reino de los Países Bajos y la República Federal Checa y Eslovaca (TBI) no es compatible con el Derecho de la Unión Europea. El presente trabajo tiene por objeto realizar un análisis de la mencionada sentencia, recaída el 6 de marzo de 2018, con el objetivo de valorar su incidencia en el arbitraje de inversión en nuestro país.Palabras clave: Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea, petición de decisión prejudicial, arbitra­je de inversión, cláusula de arbitraje, Derecho de la Unión Europea.Abstract: This past March, the European Union Court of Justice provided a favorable opening for Spain when it held (by its judgement on a request for a preliminary ruling submitted by the German Court of Cassation) that the arbitration clause which had been included in the “Treaty on the Reciprocal Promotion and Protection of Investments” signed in 1991 between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (BIT) was not compatible with European Union law. This paper aims at analyzing the above-mentioned judgment, which was issued on 6 March 2018 (Case C-284/16), assessing its impact on investment arbitration in our country.Keywords: European Union Court of Justice, request for a preliminary ruling, investment arbitra­tion, arbitration clause, European Union Law.
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Shestopal, A. V. "Politics of Spain and European Union in Mediterranean." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 1(40) (February 28, 2015): 269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-1-40-269-270.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "European Union – Spain"

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Tansey, Colin M. "Anti-radicalization efforts within the European Union : Spain and Denmark." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Mar/09Mar%5FTansey.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Europe and Eurasia))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Yost, David S. ; Shore, Zachary. "March 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 24, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: anti-radicalization, assimilation, Denmark, European Union, integration, Islam, multiculturalism, Muslims, Spain, terrorism, tolerance. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-77). Also available in print.
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Bourne, Angela Kathleen. "The Basque Country and the politics of territory in the European Union." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369511.

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Frasnelli, Denise. "Minority and Regional Languages in the European Union: Ireland, Italy and Spain." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16529/.

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The European Union and the single States have different laws and regulations protecting linguistic rights. In this dissertation we have a look at three different situations, namely those of Ireland, Italy and Spain. We see which legal arrangements have been made in order to protect the cultural heritage and the usage of minority and regional languages in each State.
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Soleimanpour, Nasim. "Harmonization in the European Union through Common Asylum Policies : Comparing Spain and Sweden." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-46153.

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Preston, Christopher M. "Spain and the 2004 Expansion of the European Union: A Case of FDI Diversion?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/44.

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With the expansion of the European Union there have been concerns over increasing competition for FDI attraction between member states. This study will examine to what extent, if to any extent at all, the admission of the Central and Eastern countries to the EU has raised completion for FDI in Spain. Spain and the CEECs will be compared in terms of advantages in FDI attraction. Ultimately, evidence and analysis will suggest that given current trend, there is no serious threat to diverting foreign assets from Spain to the CEECs.
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Okiri, Okeyim Matthew. "The state and migration of Nigerians into the European Union to live in Spain." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/28375.

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Bata, Michelle. "Global State-Building and the Transformation of Nationalism: Spain in the European Union, 1977-2002." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145711.

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The emergence of supranational organizations like the European Union (EU) raises questions fundamental to the sociological study of regions and nation-states. Hypothetically, the EU could provide regions within nation-states most of the governmental services that they currently receive from the state. For regions with strong ethnic and cultural identities that have sought to break away from the nation-state over time, decreased political and economic dependency may provide the autonomy that they have been seeking. On the other hand, if the emergence of supranational organizations like the EU represents state-building at the global level, then the EU can pose a threat to regional groups seeking autonomy from the nation-state. At issue is how the growing influence of supranational organizations like the EU is affecting the demand for autonomy within ethnically, politically, and culturally distinct regions. This dissertation attempts to answer these questions by examining variations in nationalism over time for three regions in Spain (Basque Country, Galicia, Catalonia) from 1977-2002. In order to begin to answer this question, I created a new dataset of protest events in Spain in order to assess variations in demands for autonomy over time. The protest event counts were incorporated into a comparative historical analysis that seeks to explain the effects of the influence of the evolving European Union (EU) on contentious demands for autonomy within those three regions; the variations in the protest event counts over time were analyzed against additional economic and political data collected from archival materials. I find that, while nationalism declined overall over time, it did not disappear but rather took on a different character. The classical manifestations of nationalism transformed into distinct movements centered on human rights. I argue that this transformation took place as a result of three interrelated factors: 1) Forced cooperation between the regions and the central Spanish government; 2) Elite abandonment of the nationalist movement; and 3) The state of the regional economies. In contrast to what extant theory might predict, my results indicate that nationalism continues to exist for the following reasons: 1) The EU has not rendered the nation-state irrelevant, but rather has altered their competencies; 2) The EU has not resolved the tensions between the nation-state and regions, but rather has created new ones; and 3) The EU has not leveled the economic playing-field between regions, but rather has opened them up to new forms of competition. In conclusion, this dissertation argues that supranational organizations like the EU have altered the relationship between regions and nation-states, thus transforming - but not solving - the nationalist question.
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IBANEZ, GARZARAN Zyab Luis. "Access to non-vulnerable part-time employment in the Netherlands, Spain and the UK, with special reference to the school and local government sectors." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/12002.

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Defence date: 14 December 2007
Examining board: Professor Colin Crouch, University of Warwick (EUI Supervisor); Professor Ramón Ramos Torre, Universidad Complutense; Professor Martin Rhodes, University of Denver; Professor Jelle Visser, Universiteit van Amsterdam
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
A large part of the literature on part-time employment stresses that this form of employment contract is the result of employers’ strategies and female employees who need to reconcile work and family life. However, the growth in the number of employees sharing employment and other paid or unpaid interests expands the range and significance of working-time issues. This dissertation claims that where regulation and implementation of working-time transitions are favourable to part-time employment, part-time is likely to expand to more diverse categories of workers than those for whom it was originally intended ( i.e. mothers with caring responsibilities). The research follows a case-oriented comparative approach that draws on documentary information and a total of 48 in-depth interviews with actors’ representatives at three levels: national, sector (education and local government) and organizational, in the UK, the Netherlands and Spain. Initiated in different moments in time, the regulation of working-time transitions appears to follow a similar staged path in the three countries, although the wider institutional context affecting part-time and the active support of main actors varies for each country, especially at the organizational level. In the Dutch case, part-time regulation started off as a mechanism to enable the employment of women with caring responsibilities and, from there, it evolved towards a wider understanding of workingtime flexibility, extending the right to work part-time to other categories of employees. Given the pioneering role of the Netherlands in this area, it could be argued that both the UK and Spain have been following the Dutch example although with different degrees of success. In the Netherlands, after two decades of active support to part-time, there is still a big gender gap among part-timers, and in many sectors and occupations employees face difficulties to change their working hours; still, the general trend seems to be that access to part-time is becoming easier at more sector and occupational levels, in a context where organizations, already facing short full-time working weeks and high percentages of part-time, have been learning to decouple business hours from the different duration of the employees’ shifts. The need to design clear-cut coordination mechanisms that guarantee the steadiness of the service and the 'standardisation' of handing-over procedures, have helped to accept a variety of working-time arrangements. This capacity to dissociate organisations’ operative time from employees’ working hours is also present in British and Spanish 24-hour services, what has favoured exceptional good part-time jobs. However, the political efforts to promote part-time in Spain and the UK are confronted with serious obstacles, their segmented labour forces among them. The long-hours culture in both Spain and the UK, together with the high proportion of temporary contracts in the Spanish case, are the most visible signs of the structural difficulties these two countries face to achieve working-time flexi-curity. In the three countries, there are no clear links between long hours and productivity levels, and the processess that lead to more transparent assessments of work performance seem to facilitate working-time flexibility beyond standard full-time employment contracts. Certainly, different commitments and compromises need to be achieved between conflicting demands and interests about how employees use their own time, but this thesis argues that part-time may help to soften the conflicts between the specialization and hierarchy requirements of the social division of labour and individuals’ time-use autonomy.
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Torstensson, Camilla. "English Language Teaching in Two Countries in the European Union– Spain and Sweden : A comparative study." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-24232.

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Abstract The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) is a tool, developed by the European Commission, which has been used as a base in the development of curricular documents in many countries. This would suggest a high level of similarity between the language teachings in different European countries, but how similar are they really? The aim of this thesis is to make a comparison between the general approach to foreign language teaching in two European countries, Spain and Sweden. It is important to note that the purpose has only been to find out what differences and similarities can be found between the two countries and not to make any kind of judgement as to what English teaching is preferable. A design consisting of two methods has been used to carry out the investigation: text analysis and in-depth interviews. The analysed texts are the English syllabus for upper secondary school in Sweden and the syllabus for the first foreign language in the Spanish upper secondary school. As a complement to the text analysis, interviews have been made with two English teachers from each country.  The results that were found show that the two syllabi are similar in the way that both have been inspired by the CEFR and both promote Communicative Language Teaching. However, they also show several rather striking differences. The Spanish syllabus appears, for example, to focus much more on grammatical and phonetic knowledge than the Swedish one does. The results of the interviews, which cannot be generalized, indicate that the two English teachers in Sweden look for guidance in the syllabus and other official documents, while their Spanish colleagues prefer to turn to the textbooks, since they trust that the editors have made sure they follow the official regulations. This study shows that there are many differences between the language teaching in Spain and Sweden, despite the fact that both syllabi relate to the CEFR.
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Fulton, Rorie Gerard Arthur. "Socio-cultural processes influencing the implementation of European Union agri-environmental policy : the case of Spain." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391302.

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Books on the topic "European Union – Spain"

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Closa, Carlos, and Paul M. Heywood. Spain and the European Union. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-05894-2.

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Simons, Rae. Spain. Philadelphia: Mason Crest Publishers, 2011.

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Simons, Rae. Spain. Philadelphia: Mason Crest Publishers, 2006.

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La contribución de las Cortes Generales a la integración europea, 1986-2004. Madrid: Congreso de los Diputados, 2006.

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1966-, Royo Sebastián, and Manuel Paul Christopher, eds. Spain and Portugal in the European Union: The first fifteen years. London: Frank Cass, 2003.

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Piedrafita, Sonia. 20 años de España en la Unión Europea (1986-2006): 20 years of Spain in the European Union (1986-2006). Madrid: Real Instituto Elcano, 2005.

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Bortone, Roberta, and Rosa Quesada Segura. Gender equality in the European Union: Comparative study of Spain and Italy. Edited by Perán Quesada Salvador. Cizur Menor (Navarra): Thomson Reuters/Aranzad, 2012.

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The European Union and the accomodation of Basque differnce [sic] in Spain. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2008.

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Gillespie, Richard. Spain and the Mediterranean: Developing a European policy towards the south. New York: Palgrave, 2000.

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Portugal and Spain. New York, NY: Britannica Educational Publishing in association with Rosen Educational Services, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "European Union – Spain"

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Mayoral, Juan A., Ana Carillo-López, and Jean-Baptiste Harguindéguy. "Parliaments and the European Union." In Political Power in Spain, 287–304. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63826-3_15.

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Closa, Carlos, and Paul M. Heywood. "Spain and Europe: Historical Overview." In Spain and the European Union, 6–30. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-05894-2_2.

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Closa, Carlos, and Paul M. Heywood. "Introduction: A Framework for Analysis." In Spain and the European Union, 1–5. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-05894-2_1.

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Closa, Carlos, and Paul M. Heywood. "Intergovernmental Cooperation: Foreign Policy and Home Affairs." In Spain and the European Union, 215–39. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-05894-2_10.

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Closa, Carlos, and Paul M. Heywood. "Conclusion: The EU as Spain’s National Project." In Spain and the European Union, 240–45. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-05894-2_11.

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Closa, Carlos, and Paul M. Heywood. "The Internal Sources of EU Policy: Public Opinion, Political Parties and Pressure Groups." In Spain and the European Union, 31–58. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-05894-2_3.

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Closa, Carlos, and Paul M. Heywood. "Institutional Adaptation: Reshaping Political Structures." In Spain and the European Union, 59–82. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-05894-2_4.

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Closa, Carlos, and Paul M. Heywood. "Territorial Politics: The Autonomous Communities and Europe." In Spain and the European Union, 83–104. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-05894-2_5.

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Closa, Carlos, and Paul M. Heywood. "Shaping the Union and Defending National Interests." In Spain and the European Union, 105–34. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-05894-2_6.

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Closa, Carlos, and Paul M. Heywood. "Sources of Tension: The CAP and the CFP." In Spain and the European Union, 135–59. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-05894-2_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "European Union – Spain"

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LĂDARU, Georgiana-Raluca, Bogdan CHIRIPUCI, and Vlad-Constantin TURCEA. "AGRI-FOOD TRADE BALANCE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." In Competitiveness of Agro-Food and Environmental Economy. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/cafee/2021/10/08.

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Current paper focuses on the agri-food trade balance representing an up-to-date piece of research due to both its current applicability and broadness. The EU-28 Member States have been overseen in terms of food trade values and, in most of the identified food categories, trade surplus has been recorded. The paper’s preamble points towards the importance of trade in achieving food security, then the specialized literature is quantitatively reviewed highlighting the increasing interest over this topic and, as the last part of the paper, all the 24 food categories are analyzed. The Netherlands, Spain and Germany are some good examples of leading nations in specific food category groups.
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Julià, Mireia, Francesc Belvis, Alejandra Vives, Gemma Tarafa, and Joan Benach. "O03-2 Informal employees in the european union: working conditions, employment precariousness, and health." In Occupational Health: Think Globally, Act Locally, EPICOH 2016, September 4–7, 2016, Barcelona, Spain. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103951.13.

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Sokolov, S. N. "CLIMATE FEATURES OF THE CANARY ISLANDS, AUTONOMOUS AREA OF SPAIN, MEMBER OF THE EUROPEAN UNION." In webinar. Nizhnevartovsk State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/es-2020/04.

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The research aims to explore climate indicators of Canary Islands as autonomous area of Spain. Climate conditions have a special significance in the EU countries and particularly on the territory of Canary Islands. Canary Islands are separate climatic zone described by six climate types.
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Olaru, Sabina, Carmen Ghituleasa, Alexandra Cardoso, Pedro nero Guimaraes, Jorge Domenechpastor, and Carmen Boiciuc. "COMPREHENSIVE TOOLS FOR ENABLING EMPLOYABILITY AND MOBILITY IN EUROPEAN CLOTHING SECTOR." In eLSE 2021. ADL Romania, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-21-161.

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In recent years, European reindustrialization has occurred, specifically in the textile and clothing sector in Portugal, Spain and Romania, from the application of the Just In Time (JIT) methodology with the result of the need more skilled labour available in the European Union. The paper presents aspects concerning the CosTUmE project that contributes to the diminishing of skills' gaps between the qualification offer and clothing industry needs, to attract young trainees to graduate technical qualifications and to stimulate professionals to update their skills. Also, this work presents the comprehensive tools that were developed in order to raise the awareness of companies to support the employees in the process of upskilling and to provide tools for European mobility and implementation of the updated Clothing Technician profile for validation and recognition in Portugal, Spain and Romania. The training package integrates practical explanation of the Clothing Technician Profile with resources and exercises to integrate learning outcomes and work-based learning. In concrete, the training package contains guidelines, study cases and strategies to motivate and support the trainee, and to support the learning process. The tutorial guide for mobility describes the mobility purposes with the main documents used for recognising the mobility in Europe. The comprehensive tools target all VET providers, trainees, companies, trade unions, sectors associations and other entities that work or help with mobility process. The anticipation of needed skills and the promotion of cooperation between industry and vocational and educational training are considered relevant actions to be implemented in the next period.
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Mazur-Kumrić, Nives. "POST-COVID-19 RECOVERY AND RESILIENCEBUILDING IN THE OUTERMOST REGIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION: TOWARDS A NEW EUROPEAN STRATEGY." In The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22443.

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The socio-economic environment of the outermost regions of the European Union was severely affected by the COVID-19 crisis. Due to their geographical and historical specificities, the outermost regions were significantly lagging behind the rest of the European Union in terms of economic indicators even in the pre-pandemic period. Expectedly, COVID-19-induced shocks additionally potentiated their development gap. The purpose of this paper is to summarise the multiple impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Réunion, Martinique, Mayotte, and Saint Martin (France), the Azores and Madeira (Portugal), and the Canary Islands (Spain), and the related legislative responses of the European Union aiming at eliminating adverse effects of the crisis and building more resilient societies. The factual assessment is carried out primarily through the prism of the European Commission’s 2021 Study on the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Outermost Regions, which underlines the health, economic and social repercussions of the crisis as well as a recommended set of recovery and resilience-building measures in the outermost regions. The legal analysis focuses on the ongoing codification of the rules and measures regulating the governance of the outermost regions as integral parts of the European Union. Pursuant to Article 349 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), the European Union shall adopt specific measures for laying down the conditions for the development of the outermost regions, such as those in the area of fiscal policy, European Structural and Investment Funds, State-aid, agriculture and fisheries policies, and others. In that regard, the paper looks into the recently adopted regulations facilitating the use of EU funds and particular benefits (e.g. tax exemptions) in the outermost regions. Special emphasis is put on the currently tabled initiatives for an updated regulatory framework enabling the outermost regions to improve and strengthen their overall socio-economic position. That mainly refers to the forthcoming European strategy for the outermost regions, to be adopted in 2022. The respective strategy shall lay the foundations for a new strategic approach of the European Union to shaping a sustainable and resilient future for the outermost regions apt to face the challenges of the 21st century, notably those related to green, digital, and demographic transition.
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Garrido Maza, Laura. "EUROPEAN FINANCIAL SUPPORT AND SUCCESFUL ROAD PPP PROJECTS." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3492.

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The EU has been promoting the use of PPPs in order to accelerate the development of the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) for ensuring economic, social and territorial cohesion and increasing accessibility throughout the Union. To encourage the use of PPPs, the European Commission has put several financing mechanisms at the disposal of the Member States, including a series of innovative financial instruments developed along with the European Investment Bank. The Bank has in turn played a major role in the promotion and financing of PPPs across the EU. The paper undertakes a review of the main financial instruments developed by the EU that are available to PPPs so as to determinate to what extent the European financial support has been channelled to road projects under that scheme in Spain. On the basis of the results obtained, a multiple regression model has been developed to analyse whether the PPP projects which enjoyed the financial support of the European Union tend to be significantly more successful from an economic point of view. The paper concludes that there is a positive correlation between receiving European financial support and the success of the PPP road projects.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3492
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Amat Llombart, Pablo. "LEGAL OBJECTIVES AND MEASURES TO IMPROVE THE FUNCTIONING OF THE FOOD CHAIN IN EUROPEAN UNION AND IN SPAIN." In 1st International Conference on Business Management. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/icbm.2015.1623.

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Tunçsiper, Bedriye, and Ömer Faruk Biçen. "The Effects of European Debt Crisis on Turkey’s Exports." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00827.

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The crisis that arose in Greece at the last quarter of 2009 affected the countries that have heavily government debt like Spain, Portugal, Italy and Ireland as soon as 2008 Global Financial Crisis originating from USA Mortgage Markets affect European Union (EU) countries under heavily debt burden. The effects of that crisis in the short run are demand shrinking and decrease in export. Turkey, which has important economic relations with EU countries in the last fifty years, is the primary country that can be negatively affected from demand shrinking in Europe. Turkey that indirectly experience 2008 global financial crisis because of the decrease in export volume in Europe also seem fatefully affected in this crisis. This article aims to determine the effects of the crisis to Turkey’s export ampirically in the EU countries that have the lion’s share in the Turkey’s export markets. As well, it is trying to explain whether this crisis affects over-all Europe or not.
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BANU, Constantin, Lile RAMONA, Tiberiu IANCU, Mihaela MOATĂR, Dora ORBOI, Carolina ȘTEFAN, and Sorin STANCIU. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ROMANIAN AND THE MAIN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES’ NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEMS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.039.

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In the European Union, forests and other wooded areas cover a total of 177.8 million hectares, which represents approximately 40% of the EU total area and an area similar to that used for agricultural purposes (183.9 million hectares). Germany, Spain, France, Finland and Sweden make up over three-fifths of the area covered by forests in the EU. Our paper shows the distribution of forested areas in the EU and their importance in comparison with the agricultural area of each Member State. In 2014, the EU represents about 12 % of global timber volume harvested timber from forests and woodlands on its surfaces rising to 392.9 million m3. Forestry, logging and related services covering timber production and extraction and harvesting of forest products that grow in the wild. In addition to industrial round wood, forests produce firewood, too. In some regions, non-timber forest products are also an important source of local income. In the research approach, we considered necessary and appropriate to perform a comparative analysis of the situation of Romanian forest similar to that of the main European Union countries, to identify measures that some of them have tried, and even managed to increase a rational exploitation of afforested areas forest resources. The results conducted to a comparative analysis of the National Forest and the main EU countries’ Systems, to identify possible starting points for grounding new sustainable development strategies, given their similar experience.
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Konka, Boglárka, and Anita Veres. "Overview of European patents in Germany, France and Spain, with a potential application to the development of electric vehicles." In The European Union’s Contention in the Reshaping Global Economy. Szeged: Szegedi Tudományegyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/eucrge.2022.17.

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Within the Green Deal’s ‘Accelerating the shift to sustainable and smart mobility’, vehicles with alternative propulsion systems will play a significant role, as the transport sector is responsible for one-fifth of the European Union’s CO2 emissions. Therefore, more and more governments are supporting the purchase and production of electric vehicles, as it can be one of the main tools for locally reducing fossil fuel consumption as well as reducing CO2 emissions. The analysis highlights that the three most important vehicle-producing countries (based on 2019 OICA data) from the European Union are Germany, France, and Spain. The development trajectory of these countries in the field of electromobility is presented using descriptive statistics. Sustainable development goals can be achieved by creating an innovative environment and overcoming barriers to innovation, which can be indicated, for example, by the number of patents in a given country. Therefore, a long-term time series based on patents related to electric vehicles will be explored using the database of the European Patent Office. The study describes the vehicle manufacturers with the most patents, and the main patent areas in the three countries analysed.
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Reports on the topic "European Union – Spain"

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Tuñón, J., and U. Carral. Twitter as a tool for the communication of European Union. Comparative analysis in Germany, United Kingdom and Spain. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2019-1380en.

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Torres-Mancera, Rocio, Carlos de las Heras-Pedrosa, Carmen Jambrino-Maldonado, and Patricia P. Iglesias-Sanchez. Public Relations and the Fundraising professional in the Cultural Heritage Industry: a study of Spain and Mexico / Las relaciones públicas y el profesional de la captación de fondos en la industria del patrimonio cultural: un estudio de España y México. Revista Internacional de Relaciones Públicas, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5783/rirp-21-2021-03-27-48.

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The present research aims to understand the current situation of strategic communication and public relations applied in the professional field of fundraising in the cultural heritage environment. It observes the current patterns used in the sector to obtain and generate long-term sustainable funding, through the stimulation of investors and International Cooperation projects from the European Union in line with UNESCO. Two international case studies are compared: Spain and Mexico, through the selection of territorial samples in Malaga and San Luis Potosi. The methodology used is based on a combination of in-depth interviews with key informants and content analysis. In the first instance, the degree of application of communication and public relations tools for strategic purposes to directly attract economic resources to the management of cultural heritage (tangible and intangible) in the region is studied. In line with the results obtained, the current parameters and key indicators of the profile of the fundraising professional in public and private cultural management are presented.
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