Journal articles on the topic 'European Union – Officials and employees'
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1
Furåker, Bengt. "European trade union cooperation, union density and employee attitudes to unions." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 26, no. 3 (July 9, 2020): 345–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258920933118.
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European trade unions have much to gain from cooperating with each other. Such cooperation does exist, but it is still fairly limited and many obstacles need to be overcome if cooperation is to be improved. According to our survey data, higher-level union officials regard differences concerning financial resources and national labour market regulations to be particularly substantial barriers to cooperation. The enormously varying union density across Europe, and its general decrease, also creates barriers. Therefore, employee attitudes to unions are examined using data from the International Social Survey Programme. As expected, union members tend to be more positive about trade unions than non-members. The most interesting finding, however, is that employees in some countries with low union density exhibit fairly positive views or at least views that are not less positive than what we find among employees in many countries with higher density rates. This suggests that there is potential for recruiting members.
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HOOGHE, LIESBET. "Supranational Activists or Intergovernmental Agents?" Comparative Political Studies 32, no. 4 (June 1999): 435–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414099032004002.
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Since the inception of the European Community (EC)/European Union (EU), the European Commission has been the engine of European integration, but studies have failed to account for how office holders in the commission conceive authority in the EU. The author explains variation in supranationalist and intergovernmentalist views among top commission officials using 140 interviews and 106 mail questionnaires undertaken between July 1995 and May 1997. Officials' views are greatly influenced by prior state career and previous political socialization, with former state employees and nationals of large, unitary states leaning to intergovernmentalism and those without former state experience and from federal systems to supranationalism. Partial confirmation of a principal-agent logic is found in that officials in powerful commission services favor supranationalism only if prior socialization predisposes them to such views. Thus, the results support socialization theory, but they are inconclusive for principal-agent arguments.
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Kulicki, Jacek. "Opodatkowanie podatkiem dochodowym wynagrodzenia i innych świadczeń otrzymywanych przez posłów wybranych w Polsce do Parlamentu Europejskiego oraz świadczeń otrzymywanych przez posłów i senatorów wybranych do parlamentu krajowego." Zeszyty Prawnicze Biura Analiz Sejmowych 3, no. 71 (2021): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31268/zpbas.2021.50.
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The salary of a Member of European Parliament is taxed on the same terms as salaries of officials and other employees of the European Union. Benefits related to exercising of a MEP mandate are tax free (exempt from EU tax). MEPs’ salaries, parliamentary allowances and other incomes are exempt from Polish income tax. The Polish domestic MPs’ salaries are taxed with a personal income tax as an income from employment. The parliamentary allowance and certain other benefits are exempt from the income tax.
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Williams, Colin C. "Evaluating the Extent and Nature of ‘Envelope Wages’ in the European Union: A Geographical Analysis." European Spatial Research and Policy 16, no. 1 (September 29, 2009): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10105-009-0007-3.
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To evaluate the spatialities of the illegal wage practice where employers pay their declared employees both an official declared wage and an undeclared ‘envelope’ wage so as to avoid tax liabilities, a 2007 survey conducted in 27 European Union (EU) member states is reported. The finding is that 5% of employees received envelope wages which amount on average to some two-fifths of their wage packet. Revealing how, although heavily concentrated in a small group of East-Central European nations, this wage practice is nonetheless ubiquitous, the paper concludes by discussing how this practice might be tackled.
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Habro, Irina, and Mykhailo Solomko. "Development of environmental diplomacy of the European Union." European Historical Studies, no. 18 (2021): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2021.18.01.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of environmental diplomacy of the European Union. Today environmental diplomacy has become an important way for states to promote their course of environmental diplomacy, to protect their environmental rights and interests, to promote their own economic and environmental development. The most striking example of the application of green diplomacy on a regional and global scale is the environmental policy implemented by EU member states. Within the EU there is a huge number of environmental programs for the development of renewable energy sources, protection of flora and fauna, as well as combating pollution of water and land resources. To implement its own environmental diplomacy, the EU has adopted a number of important regulations, which are analyzed in the article. The most thorough legal act in the field of environmental diplomacy was Council Directive 85/337 / EEC of 1985 on the assessment of the effects of public and private projects on the environment. This directive reflects the EU’s desire to draw the attention of government agencies and the public to environmental issues and to encourage their collective solution. EU environmental diplomacy is carried out through diplomatic missions, missions, delegations, as well as at the individual level. It involves European politicians and officials who are able to influence international public opinion, employees of foreign ministries and diplomatic missions. The EU also involves third countries as partners to discuss the most pressing environmental issues and their future solutions: climate change, biodiversity conservation, soil depletion, forest and water resources, and renewable energy. Environmental protection is one of the priority areas for European integration. States wishing to join the EU must meet its environmental standards and implement key principles of environmental legislation. It is noted that the EU countries are trying to transfer the economy to clean technologies and diplomatically encourage others to take measures to improve the environmental situation.
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Williams, Colin C., and Jo Padmore. "Evaluating the Prevalence and Distribution of Quasi-formal Employment in Europe." Articles 68, no. 1 (March 11, 2013): 71–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1014742ar.
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SummaryTo show how formal and informal jobs are not always discrete, this paper uncovers how many formal employees in the European Union are paid two wages by their formal employers, an official declared salary and an additional undeclared wage, thus allowing employers to evade their full social insurance and tax liabilities. Analyzing a 2007 Eurobarometer survey involving 26,659 face-to-face interviews in the 27 member states of the European Union (EU-27), one in 18 formal employees are found to engage in such quasi-formal employment, receiving on average one-quarter of their gross salary on an undeclared basis. Multi-level logistic regression analysis reveals that quasi-formal employment is significantly more prevalent in East-Central Europe, in smaller businesses and the construction sector, and amongst men, younger persons and the lower paid. The dichotomous depiction of employment as either formal or informal therefore needs to be transcended and a finer-grained continuum of types of employment depicted from wholly formal to wholly informal with many varieties in-between. The paper then briefly reviews what might be done to tackle this illegitimate wage practice. This clearly displays that this quasi-formal form of employment needs to be more fully integrated into discussions when discussing how to tackle undeclared work, since some measures that tackle wholly undeclared work, such as reducing the minimum wage, might simply allow formal employers to pay a larger portion of their formal employees’ earnings as an additional undeclared wage, rather than facilitate the creation of fully formal employment.
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Lopuschnyak, Halyna, Yurii Marshavin, Taras Kytsak, Оlena Iastremska, and Yurii Nikitin. "Modernization of social dialogue as an imperative for developing social responsibility by business organizations in Ukraine." Problems and Perspectives in Management 19, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 487–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(1).2021.41.
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The relevance of the paper is determined by the need to modernize social dialogue in Ukraine as a means of increasing the social responsibility of business organizations and a prerequisite for the country’s sustainable socio-economic development. The paper is aimed at reviewing and systematizing effective practices of modernization of social dialogue, which are revealed in the publications of foreign and Ukrainian scientists, high-ranking officials and public figures. These practices are considered from the standpoint of their expediency and the possibility of their implementation in the processes of social interaction of organizations of employees, employers and public authorities in Ukraine.A review of the foreign experience in organizing social dialogue convincingly demonstrates a fairly high level of efficiency in the European Union, which contributes to achieving a balance of interests of major economic actors, increasing their social responsibility. For Ukraine, it is expedient to introduce the European practice of the so-called broad approach to the organization of social dialogue, which provides for the expansion of its subjects at the expense of representatives of territorial entities, environmental, women’s, youth, cultural and other public organizations. The involvement of local governments, public and NGOs in solving the most important socio-economic problems will contribute to the spread of the practice of differentiating between social and public dialogue. In Ukraine, employee participation in corporate governance should be strengthened, access to shareholder income should be expanded, and institutional tools for regulating the collective bargaining process should be improved.
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Zbořil, Martin, and Vlasta Svatá. "COMPARISON OF CLOUD SERVICE CONSUMPTION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC, VISEGRÁD GROUP AND EUROPEAN UNION." E+M Ekonomie a Management 25, no. 3 (September 2022): 158–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2022-3-010.
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Adoption of cloud services has an increasing trend for many years already and no indication that it should change in close future has occurred. Moreover, cloud consumption has been further enhanced due to the COVID-19 situation since a great number of employees started to work from home and therefore, they need to access resources over the internet. This article describes the performed analysis of official data provided by the European Union on the consumption of cloud services in the member countries. The analysis particularly focused on comparing the cloud consumption in the Czech Republic, Visegrád Group and European Union in total. The consumption was compared based on multiple criteria – primarily on cloud service types, organization types, consumption trends. The analysis was conducted over sets of biannual data (2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020) that are available on the Eurostat site for all the European Union countries. The comparison showed that the level of cloud consumption differs across and that the average consumption for the European Union is higher than in the Czech Republic and in Visegrád Group. Besides, the comparison revealed that consumption in the Czech Republic is slightly higher than in Visegrád Group. Such pattern in the comparison between the three subjects was present in the majority of comparisons and therefore it might be stated that the Czech Republic and Visegrád Group are behind the average cloud consumption in European Union. This article is closely related to the Information Management as one of the aims of the E&M Economics and Management journal.
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Bestvina Bukvić, Ivana, Kristina Bjelić, and Marija Šain. "USPJEŠNOST PROGRAMA EUROPSKE UNIJE U POTICANJU I FINANCIRANJU KULTURNOG I KREATIVNOG SEKTORA U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ." Pravni vjesnik 36, no. 3-4 (2020): 201–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/pv/10187.
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The cultural and creative sectors are highly ranked by the number of employees at the European Union (EU) level and they represent an economic force that proved its resilience to economic changes due to rapid and easy adaptations to market and innovation trends. In order to achieve the objectives of the Europe 2020 Strategy, in 2013 the Regulation (EU) No 1295/2013 was passed by the European Parliament and the Council to establish the Creative Europe Programme (2014–2020) for support to cultural and creative sectors. However, it was found that the Republic of Croatia lacked systematic monitoring of the cultural and creative sectors (including the IT sector) as they are not sufficiently and well positioned in national policies and strategies. The research has been conducted into the level of success of the EU and its regulatory framework in stimulating cultural and creative sectors in developing countries. The paper analyzes the extent to which the Republic of Croatia adopted and applied the opportunities offered by the European Union programmes in financing the projects in cultural and creative sectors based on the results of the Creative Europe Programme, the Culture Sub-programme. The authors conducted the comparative analysis into the official programme results achieved in the Republic of Croatia, Slovenia and other EU member states. The research results show the position of the Republic of Croatia in relation to other countries, the influence of EU membership length and the level of innovation on the total number of positive applications evaluations in this field.
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MAVRODIN, Cristina. "THE EVOLUTION OF THE WORKFORCE IN AGRICULTURE IN ROMANIA." Management of Sustainable Development 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54989/msd-2021-0009.
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The labor force in agriculture, especially in a considerably rural society and economy, as is the case of Romania, constitutes an important subject of study, based on the measurement and analysis of the main indicators. The purpose of the present paper is to analyze the main indicators revealing the employment in agriculture, the evolution of this sector in the last decades and the potential problems created by the decrease of the labor force in agriculture. Data analyzed in this paper are extracted mainly from the European Union Open Data Portal and from the World Bank, covering a long period of time, more precisely 1991-2018. The data refer to the main indicators regarding the employment in agriculture in Romania in absolute figures and as a percent of the total employment, as well as to other variables relevant for the current research. Employment in agriculture is an important indicator for acknowledging the trend of the work force in this sector. The statistical processing of the raw data clearly indicates that the employment in agriculture has decreased constantly and considerably since 1991, both in absolute figures and as a percent of total employment, although Romania remains the country of the European Union with the biggest number of employees involved in agricultural or agriculture-related productive activities. The size of the decrease varies from year to year, yet it clearly indicates a significant decline, requiring a comprehensive investigation and proper measures taken by the responsible official authorities.
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Karanikola, Zoe, and George Panagiotopoulos. "International Organizations Policies and New Era of Work: Education in What Skills?" International Journal of Learning and Development 8, no. 4 (November 18, 2018): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v8i4.13928.
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This paper comes to examine the intense reflection that arises around the issue of the right and the appropriate skills employees need to obtain in order to adapt to a continuously changing working environment. In a context of global co-operation and coalition, international organizations, such the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the European Union (EU) Institutions, are called upon to play an important role in the development of prosperity, social cohesion and the economy of the countries, given that they have both the appropriate experience and the extensive diplomatic networks. In such a context, a great number of significant official texts have been drafted. Texts which provide policy guidance to member states in order to achieve growth and development. This study, through the bibliographic review of related texts, comes to investigate the proposed by the international organizations types of skills which are related to the protection and the maintenance of employability.
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Artemov, V., and N. Lytvynenko. "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RISK-ORIENTED TRAINING APPROACH IN THE UNIVERSITIES WITH SPECIFIC EDUCATIONAL CONDITIONS." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Military-Special Sciences, no. 1 (2019): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2217.2019.41.10-14.
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The features of the risk-oriented approach when used for educational purposes in higher education institutions with specific learning conditions are revealed. The ways of the risk-oriented thinking formation among employees of security structures are determined.It is assumed that the semantic space associated with the moral proper, includes the following concepts: "permissible", "unacceptable", "compulsory". The aforementioned triad is recommended to be supplemented by the notion "necessarily". The necessary actions should include actions related to the risk of losing freedom, health, and sometimes even death, in connection with forced or involuntary acts to carry out moral duty, order, law. Such actions are often endowed with a higher status in the hierarchy of official actions, are considered to be granted the highest degree of moral approval and, even, admiration. At the same time, those who carry out the necessarily actions, as a rule, perceive their actions as just the performance of official duty. Therefore, the commission of actions related to professional risk becomes a duty only because of the special self-consciousness inherent in the military and law enforcement officers.The higher education institutions with specific educational conditions should be aimed at improving the system of moral education of security officers, the comprehensive involvement of the latest ideas, methods and means of modern pedagogy, based on the deontological potential of the competent approach in the professional training system.The process of the risk-oriented thinking formation for future employees of security organs should be carried out subject to the use of the modern legal and regulatory framework on safety and health of the European Union, which will enhance their competitiveness in the modern labor market.Keywords: higher education institutions with specific educational conditions, employees of security structures, risk-oriented approach, risk-oriented thinking.
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Williams, Colin C., and Ioana Alexandra Horodnic. "Cross-country variations in the participation of small businesses in the informal economy." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 23, no. 1 (February 15, 2016): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-02-2015-0021.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to advance a new explanation for cross-country variations in the participation of small businesses in the informal economy. Drawing upon institutional theory, it proposes that the greater the asymmetry between the codified laws and regulations of formal institutions (state morality) and the unwritten socially shared rules of informal institutions (civic morality), the greater is the propensity of small businesses to participate in the informal economy. To analyse this, the extent to which small businesses evade payroll taxes by paying employees an undeclared (envelope) wage in addition to their official declared salary is analysed. Design/methodology/approach – To evaluate this, data are reported from a 2013 Eurobarometer survey involving 5,174 face-to-face interviews with employees in small businesses across the 28 member states of the European Union (EU-28). Findings – The finding is that small businesses display a greater propensity to engage in this informal wage practice in countries where there is a higher degree of asymmetry between the codified laws and regulations of formal institutions (state morality) and the unwritten socially shared rules of informal institutions (civic morality). A multi-level logistic regression analysis reveals these to be countries which have lower qualities of governance, lower levels of taxation and intervention in the labour market and less effective social transfer systems. Research limitations/implications – The major limitation of this study is that it has only examined whether employees in small businesses receive informal wages. Future cross-country surveys should analyse a wider range of ways in which small businesses participate in the informal economy such as under-reporting turnover. Originality/value – This is the first known analysis of cross-country variations in the participation of small businesses in the informal economy.
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Leković, Vuk. "Review of violations of competition in Japanese law." Pravo i privreda 58, no. 4 (2020): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pip2004171l.
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Author in this paper analyses competition violations under the Antimonopoly Act in Japan. Legal definition of competition violations is presented in the first chapter of paper as follows: private monopolization, unreasonable restraint of trade, and unfair trade practices. The second part of the paper focuses on the procedural course of identifying competition violations and the role played by the Japanese Fair Trade Commission in this process. Finally, the importance of the leniency program is emphasized as one of the most effective means of preventing anticompetitive behaviours of market participants. Throughout the paper, the author points out that there are some differences between competition legal framework in Japan and the European Union. The inspiration for writing this paper is the author's desire to share his own experiences and knowledge, gained during a three-week study visit to Japan in direct work with employees of the JFTC and professors in the field of competition law, in order to acquaint the expert public in the Republic of Serbia with Japanese competition law. During the research, the author used sources from the official site of the JFTC, as well as other relevant articles on the Internet.
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Harust, Y. V., V. I. Melnyk, V. V. Mirgorod-Karpova, B. O. Pavlenko, Yu M. Kiiashko, and D. V. Maletov. "Functioning of the system for evaluating the effectiveness of international technical assistance: the experience of the European Union and the world's leading countries." Legal horizons, no. 26 (2021): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2021.i26.p117.
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The authors of the article study the foreign experience of the administrative and legal organization of systems for evaluating the effectiveness of international legal assistance (ITA). The article notes that the definition of international technical assistance in different countries is interpreted differently. States, at the national level, establish their own definitions of the concept, which may differ in content and characteristics. It is established that the assessment of the effectiveness of the use of ITA has the ultimate goal to ensure its better use. Both ITA donors and recipients are interested in this. The largest ITA donors have been identified as Japan, the United States, and the European Union. Each of these donors has its own system for evaluating the effectiveness of the ITA provided. In the study of the model for evaluating the effectiveness of the US ITA, the key role of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) was highlighted. The Agency itself has developed tools to monitor the assistance provided, implements analysis programs, publishes reports, and conducts training among its employees. In Japan, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) have been found to be the central policy-makers in Japan. These bodies issue regulatory regulations on which the performance appraisal process is based, analyze experience, conduct training, and publish reports on their official websites. In the Japanese model for assessing the effectiveness of the provision and use of ITA's, the key features are assessing the usefulness of the assistance provided in terms of Japan's diplomatic interests. It was found that a characteristic feature of the evaluation system of the European Union is the functioning of the Regulatory Control Council, which reviews and improves the legislation in the field of ITA. The article establishes the relationship between national legal systems and global standards for assessing international assistance. It is established that the donors of the ITA, for the organization of the system of evaluation of its effectiveness, use as a basis the Quality Standards for evaluation, which are developed by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
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Rudakova, S., L. Shchetinina, N. Danylevych, and D. Varshava. "Digitalization of employment relations: world experience and its implementation in Ukraine." Galic'kij ekonomičnij visnik 73, no. 6 (2021): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2021.06.043.
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European and local practices of digitization and their impact on employment relations, determination of current directions of digitalization development in Ukraine and implementation of the best world solutions are studied. It is pointed out that COVID-19 pandemic has radically changed the role and perception of digitalization in society and the economy. It is noted that digital technologies are now necessary for work, study, entertainment, communication, shopping and access to everything from health services to culture. The digital transformation has opened up new opportunities for the creation of new enterprises, the emergence of new forms of digital employment. It is noted that in early 2018 Ukraine officially embarked on the path of digitalization and policy making in the digital segment. The Concept of Digital Economy of Ukraine and Social Development for 2018–2020 has been adopted, which contains the main goals and principles of digital development in the country, as well as plans for their implementation. As a result of digitalization, modern technology makes it to perform job functions outside the workplace, not only at home (home office), but anywhere (mobile office) in many areas of the economy. Due to the possibility of remote earning, on June 25, 2019, the Ministry of Social Policy published the bill «On amendments to the Labor Code of Ukraine (concerning flexible forms of labor organization)». It is proposed, in Art. 24 of the Labor Code in particular, to clarify that the compliance with the written form is mandatory when signing an employment agreement for remote work. The indicators of the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), which demonstrates the level of digital efficiency of Europe and monitors the progress of the European Union in this direction are summarized. In order to implement the influence of digitalization on employment relations in Ukraine, the experience of a number of European countries (Spain, France, Germany and the Scandinavian countries) is studied and analyzed. It is concluded that the influence of modern digital technologies significantly changes the state of the labor market, the demand for certain specialists, and the conditions of remote employment. The wages and social security are transformed and become individualized. Employees' dependence on employers is decreasing, their work is shifting into the digital space, which requires constant acquiring of new knowledge and skills in working with modern technologies.
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Илић, Гордана, and Бранка Золак Пољашевић. "Унапређење квалитета радне снаге у функцији смањења структурне незапослености у Републици Српској // Improvement of workforce quality in the function of reducing structural unemployment in Republic of Srpska." ACTA ECONOMICA 11, no. 19 (July 11, 2013): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/ace1319043i.
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Резиме: Погоршање индикатора тржишта рада је реланост са којом се данас сусрећу многе земље. Стопа незапослености у Републици Српској константно расте већ низ година и тренутно је 2,5 пута већа од просјечене стопе незапослености у Европској унији. У оваквим околностима до изражаја долази значај активних мјера политике запошљавања, при чему многе земље акценат стављају на унапређење квалитета радне снаге. За потребе овог рада урађено је кратко истраживање чији је основни циљ било прикупљање информација о ставовима послодаваца у погледу понуде радне снаге на тржишту рада Републике Српске, те сагледавање потреба послодаваца у погледу појединих компентенција запослених. На бази добијених резултата, теоријског прегледа посматране проблематике и сагледавања мјера за подстицање запошљавања које су планиране за неколико наредних година, аутори су дефинисали неколико смјерница за ублажавање структурне незапослености. Суштински, оне се огледају у интензивнијем и континуираном укључивању послодаваца и других заинтересованих страна у процес креирања образовне понуде, развоју инфраструктуре за образовање одраслих, те стављању акцента на развој компетенција а не занимања.Summary: Deterioration of labour market indicators is reality with which many countries are facing today. Over the last few years unemployment rate in the Republic of Srpska continuously increasing and currently is 2.5 times higher than the average unemployment rate in the European Union. Under these circumstances, the importance of active employment policy measures coming to the forefront. Many countries through the employment policy emphasize improvement of labour quality. For the purpose of this paper it was conducted a brief survey whose main aims were to collect information on the attitudes of employers about labour supply on the labour market of the Republic of Srpska, and to understand the needs of employers in terms of competence of employees. Based on the obtained research results, theoretical review of the observed issues, and review of the official measures for encouraging employment, which are planned for the next few years, the authors have defined a few guidelines for the alleviation of structural unemployment. Essentially, defined guidelines are reflected in the following: more intensive and continuous involvement of employers and other stakeholders in the process of creating educational supply, development of infrastructure for adult education, and putting the emphasis on the development of competencies rather than development of occupations.
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Anisimov, Dmytro. "Actor of illegal influence on results of official sports competitions." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 1, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-1-233-237.
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In the article based on the analysis of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine "On Prevention of the Impact of Corruption Offenses on the Results of Official Sports Competitions" No. 743-VIII of November 03, 2015, the Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to Some Legislative Acts of Ukraine on the Implementation of the Liberalization Action Plan European Union Visa Regime for Ukraine concerning Liability of Legal Entities »No 314-VII of May 23, 2013, the subject of illegal influence on the results of official sports competitions was conducted. Publications in the media are a promising source of information in the detection of crimes in the field of physical culture and sports. The article investigated some of the available crime reports on the Internet, which suggest that the results of official sports events will be unlawfully affected. For the first time, the article proposes to provide for criminal-law measures against legal entities as the responsibility for unlawful influence on the results of official sports competitions. According to the results of the study, it is established that the subject of the crime under Part 1 and Part 2 of Art. 369-3 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine may be a general actor: a natural convicted person who, at the time of committing the crime, was sixteen years of age, and under Part 3 of Art. 369-3 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine – a special actor, namely: athlete - an individual who systematically engages in a certain type (s) of sport recognized in Ukraine and participates in sports events; Personnel of auxiliary sports personnel - any coach, mentor, manager, agent, team worker, team official, medical and other personnel who serve or treat athletes who participate or prepare for sports competitions; sports official - owner, shareholder, manager or employee of a legal entity that organizes and facilitates sports competitions, as well as persons authorized to hold official sports events, executives and employees of an international sports organization, other competent sports organizations that recognize the competition. In order to ensure the unity of terminology, it is proposed to exclude the word "directly" from Part 2 of Art. 6 of the Law of Ukraine “On Preventing the Impact of Corruption Offenses on the Results of Official Sports Competitions”. In a note to Art. 369-3 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, replace the word "subject" with "subjects", or separate part 3 of Art. 369-3 in a separate article to minimize confusion. Due to the fact that the legal influence on the results of official sports competitions can be made by legal entities, it is proposed to add Art. 369-3 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine to the list of articles for which according to Art. 96-3 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine may apply measures of a criminal nature.
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Hoffmann, Tomasz. "The Status of the European Institutions Officials." Polish Political Science Yearbook 36, no. 1 (March 31, 2007): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2007015.
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The European Union increasingly inuences the member states, their political institutions, business groups, commercial business sector and the citizens. The institutions, politics and legal regulations of the Communities inuence also countries and human beings from outside the Union. is inuence means that each member state of the European Union has its own representative in the European Institutions such as European Parliament, European Commission, the Court of Justice and the Court of Auditors
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VAFIN, A. M. "PUBLIC SERVICE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." Central Russian Journal of Social Sciences 16, no. 5 (2021): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2071-2367-2021-16-5-120-130.
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The article analyzes the normative documents of the European Union concerning the phenomenon of public service. The analysis is built not as a strict legal interpretation, but as a qualitative political analysis. The legal side of this work is only a descriptive form, while the political content concerns the question of values, first of all, the value of serving the common good, the dogma that an official should and must serve society. The author concerns that even in non-ideological states there are ideologies (non-political ideologies) that, in the case of officialdom, bureaucracy, manifest themselves as an ideology of service, service to society and the common good. The codes of European officials are also analyzed in the article, the norms regulating corruption issues, the political participation of officials, their education and cultural level.
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REXHEPI, Rinor, Vigan SAHITI, and Florim RULLANI. "Kosovo Integration in European Union." PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 4, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v4i3.158.
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Kosovo is a new state which has just been established and has not yet been fully promoted in the international arena. Kosovo drafted a foreign policy strategy which consisted of key objectives such as lobbying for new recognitions and establishing diplomatic relations with the states that had recognized us. The purpose of the research is to measure the opinion of the citizens of Kosovo on the importance of Kosovo's integration into the EU, to measure the challenges, opportunities of Kosovo's citizens after integration, the impact it has on the economic field and to measure the opinion of state officials and experts on integration in EU.
Total of 400 respondents from all over Kosovo, a senior government official and two integration experts participated in the research. The research was conducted through a survey of citizens through the online platform and interviews with officials. We confirm the results of the research that the citizens of Kosovo will not migrate even after Kosovo's integration into the EU, and the integration of Kosovo has a significant positive impact on the development and economic prosperity of businesses. On the other side, it has been found that there are gender differences in terms of their opinion on the impact that EU integration has, and some citizens fear that integration would negatively affect their lives. So we recommend that Kosovo should be integrated into the EU as soon as possible in order to have a genuine economic development and for this the future legislatures should work seriously on this.
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Denisov, Eduard I., Lyudmila V. Prokopenko, and Victor F. Pfaf. "Issues of occupational health of healthcare workers and pandemic COVID-19." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 61, no. 1 (February 5, 2021): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2021-61-1-49-61.
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An analysis of the documents of WHO, ILO, the European Union, etc., a review of the literature and essays on the problem of assessing the professional risk of healthcare workers in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as protection and prevention measures. A pandemic is a problem of public health and occupational medicine since healthcare workers are at the forefront of the fight against the epidemic for the health and life of the population and are themselves at extreme risk. On issues of labor protection and the health of healthcare workers, most women, there are a lot of works; there is ILO Nursing personnel Convention No. 149: Recognize their contribution, address their needs (1977), ratified by Russia. The profession is characterized by the exposure to biological agents, stress, physical loads, etc., causing physical health problems (including reproductive and newborn health), disorders of mental health and social well-being. The weakening of immunity towards the end of the working day was observed among employees of the sanitary and epidemiological surveillance services, maternity hospitals, as well as ambulances and burn centers. In general, the working conditions of the main professions of healthcare workers in the literature are assessed as harmful (classes 3.2-3.3) according to the criteria of Guidelines R 2.2.2006-05, and in an epidemic under conditions of increased loads, stress, the use of PPE and other, their working conditions can be assessed as very harmful and extreme (classes 3.4-4). The official statistics on the morbidity and mortality of healthcare workers is absent, although the media note their elevated rates. Among the preventive measures, vaccination, a regimen of work and rest, multivitamins, and others are recommended; workplaces ought to be organized as to avoid work nearby and opposite each other. It should be borne in mind that PPE, while protecting, can simultaneously create new risks (ILO, 2001). Strengthening the safety and health of healthcare workers in such emergencies is already recognized in Russia as a priority and provided with increased social protection.
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Trondal, Jarle, and Nadja Kühn. "Governing European Affairs." World Political Science 15, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/wps-2019-0001.
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AbstractThe aim of this article is to examine the role of ministerial officials in an integrated European multilevel administrative order. This study argues that organizational variables at the national level constitute a decisive filtering factor regarding how decision premises emanating from European Union (EU)-level institutions are received by domestic government institutions and officials. The study contributes to the literature in two main ways: Empirically it provides a comprehensive study of the role of Norwegian ministerial officials in the EU multilevel administrative order over a time period of 20 years (n = 3562). Secondly, it applies an organization theory approach to explain variation in actual decision-making behavior. The article discusses factors of general relevance to political science applicable beyond the case at hand. The study shows that ministerial officials are deeply involved with the EU multilevel administration. Moreover, it confirms the pivotal role of organizational factors in public governance processes.
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Mayer, S., R. J. van der Gaag, G. Dom, D. Wassermann, W. Gaebel, P. Falkai, and C. Schüle. "European Psychiatric Association (EPA) Guidance on Post-graduate Psychiatric Training in Europe." European Psychiatry 29, no. 2 (February 2014): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.01.002.
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AbstractThe European Union Free Movement Directive gives professionals the opportunity to work and live within the European Union, but does not give specific requirements regarding how the specialists in medicine have to be trained, with the exception of a required minimum of 4 years of education. Efforts have been undertaken to harmonize post-graduate training in psychiatry in Europe since the Treaty of Rome 1957, with the founding of the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) and establishment of a charter outlining how psychiatrists should be trained. However, the different curricula for post-graduate training were only compared by surveys, never through a systematic review of the official national requirements. The published survey data still shows great differences between European countries and unlike other UEMS Boards, the Board of Psychiatry did not introduce a certification for specialists willing to practice in a foreign country within Europe. Such a European certification could help to keep a high qualification level for post-graduate training in psychiatry all over Europe. Moreover, it would make it easier for employers to assess the educational level of European psychiatrists applying for a job in their field.
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Pylypenko, Pylyp, and Olena Rym. "ON FREEDOM OF EMPLOYEES’ MOVEMENT IN EUROPEAN UNION." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Law, no. 67 (December 24, 2018): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vla.2018.67.189.
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Schwarz, Roger M. "Participative Decision Making and Union-Management Cooperative Efforts: Attitudes of Managers, Union Officials, and Employees." Review of Public Personnel Administration 11, no. 1-2 (October 1990): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734371x9001100103.
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Sztyber, Władysław Bogdan. "IMPACT OF EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ON WORKERS’ INCOMES." Polityka Społeczna 562, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9654.
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The article presents the impact of the level of education of employees on their income in various terms. One of them is a study based on the OECD data from 2004–2005, which shows the differentiation of incomes of employees with different levels of education on the basis of the relative differentiation between them, assuming the income level of employees with upper secondary education as 100 and referring to it respectively the income level of employees with higher education and the level of income of employees with lower secondary education. The article then presents a more elaborate study of the impact of the level of education of employees on their incomes in the European Union, included in the Report “The European Higher Education Area in 2015”. This survey shows the impact of the education level of employees on the median of their gross annual income in the European Union and in the individual Member States. The article also compares the income differentiation depending on the level of education, based on the OECD data for 2004–2005, with the results of surveys on European Union Member States in 2010 and 2013.
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Makul, Anes, and Adem Olovčić. "We Are (Not) a Family? Analysis of Argumentation in Favor of Eu Enlargement in the Western Balkans after the 2003 and 2018 Summits." Društvene i humanističke studije (Online) 7, no. 1(18) (March 4, 2022): 333–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.51558/2490-3647.2022.7.1.333.
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This paper aims to investigate the change in EU rhetoric on enlargement to the Western Balkans using analysis and comparison of the arguments of EU officials and strategic documents, which are closely related to the Union's enlargement policy to the Western Balkans, after the European Council summits on the enlargement of the Union, in 2003 and 2018. Following the fundamental tendency to enlarge the Union in the context of the common foreign and security policy, European officials articulated this differently in the context of the two summits. While during and after the first Summit, the European Union was presented in various discursive representations as a highly successful political community capable of attracting countries to adapt to its strict rules and norms to achieve the possibility of integration; during the second Summit, in 2018, the importance of the accession of the Western Balkan countries to the Union was persistently emphasized. In this way, the patronizing discourse present in rhetorical representations during and after the first Summit was replaced by the discourse according to which the European Union insists on the accession of these countries to the Union, regardless of the complete fulfillment of previously set normative criteria. The reason for that is the growing influence of China in the Western Balkans and the growing Russian appetite for power and political action in this region.
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Jensen, Carsten Strøby. "Trade unionism in Europe: Are the working class still members?" European Journal of Industrial Relations 26, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959680119838881.
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How far does social class position influence the likelihood that employees will be members of a trade union? I use European Social Survey data to compare trade union membership of ‘working-class’ and ‘middle- and upper class’ employees in different European countries. Although the former dominate the trade unions in absolute numbers in most (but not all) countries, the likelihood that the latter will be members of a trade union is higher in most of the countries analysed.
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MASAI, Shosaku. "Employees' Rights of Information and Consultation in the European Union." EC studies in Japan 1996, no. 16 (1996): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5135/eusj1981.1996.16_1.
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Burdjak, Vira. "Changes in the Foreign Policy of the Republic of Bulgaria under the Russian Influence." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 40 (December 15, 2019): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2019.40.34-41.
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The article explores changes in the foreign policy of the Republic of Bulgaria, which began with the transformation of the political regime in the state and the establishment of a democratic political system. At the turn of the century, Bulgaria became a member of influential international organizations – NATO and the European Union. Bulgarian officials have stepped up their relations with NATO officials and the military departments of the Allies. The Russian war in Ukraine has transformed RB into a “frontal zone” of the EU and NATO, increased its strategic importance, strengthened the desire of the politicians of the Republic of Bulgaria to seek guarantees of their security in the United States. However in the last six years, under the influence of a Russian factor, Bulgaria often takes other positions, different from the NATO and EU common line, in particular, seeking to re-establish traditional close ties with Moscow, advocates a good and constructive dialogue with the Russian Federation, in the European arena, stands for softening sanctions and giving the European Union a position more pragmatic about Russia.
Keywords: Republic of Bulgaria, NATO, European Union, Ukraine, Russian Federation, Russian factor, sanctions.
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Radojko, Lukic. "EMPLOYEE COSTS OF DISTRIBUTION TRADE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND SERBIA." BUSINESS EXCELLENCE AND MANAGEMENT 12, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/beman/2022.12.3-05.
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The issue of distribution trade cost analysis is continuously topical, significant and complex. Due to the fact that costs, in addition to sales revenue, affect the realization of the target profit in the distribution trade, it is necessary to manage costs in distribution trade as efficiently as possible by applying modern concepts. Starting from here, this paper comparatively analyzes the impact of employee costs (personnel costs) on the efficiency of distribution trade between the European Union and Serbia. In this context, it was determined that Germany, France and Italy (leading countries of the European Union) are in the first three places according to the efficiency cost of employees in the distribution trade. Serbia's distribution trade is ranked twenty-fifth in terms of efficiency cost of employees. From this aspect, it is better than the countries in the region (Croatia, Slovenia). According to the results of the linear regression analysis, the efficiency cost of employees in the distribution trade of Serbia is greatly influenced by: number of employees, assets (as a measure of company size), capital, sales and profit (Adjusted R Square .999). In this context, capital, i.e. financial indebtedness, has a special influence on efficiency cost (Sig. .014 <.05). Given that, in order to achieve the target costs of employees, as a factor of performance, in the distribution trade of Serbia, it is necessary to manage human resources, assets, capital, sales and profits as efficiently as possible.
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Pickering, Craig. "‘Sir Douglas in Euroland’. Treasury officials and the European Union, 1977–2001." Public Administration 80, no. 3 (January 2002): 583–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00319.
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NICA, Ioana, and Daniel DUMITRU. "Romania in the European Cohesion Context." Romanian Military Thinking 2022, no. 4 (December 2022): 270–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2022.4.15.
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This paper presents Romania’s strategic position on the main European security programmes reflected and accepted at EU level, as well as a brief assessment of EU officials towards Romania and the concrete actions through which Romania decided to align with EU’s security and defence standards. It discusses the main strategic objectives of Romania and the European Union, actions and measures to promote European cohesion in terms of security, but also other study elements, and research in the direction of national and international security.
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DINAN, Desmond. "The European Parliament: Moving to the Centre of Historical Interest in the European Union." Journal of European Integration History 27, no. 1 (2021): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0947-9511-2021-1-139.
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This article discusses the historiography of the European Parliament (EP) up to and including the advent of direct elections, in 1979. The term historiography is interpreted loosely to include the work not only of historians, but also of political scientists who have studied the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community and the early decades of the European Parliament, as well as practitioners - officials and Members of the European Parliament - who have written about the institution from an academic perspective. The article aims to explore changes over time in how analysts of the EP approached their subject, the contributions that they have made, and current trends in historical research on the EP - an institution that emerged as an important player in European Community governance well before the dawn of direct elections.
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Julià, Mireia, Francesc Belvis, Alejandra Vives, Gemma Tarafa, and Joan Benach. "Informal employees in the European Union: working conditions, employment precariousness and health." Journal of Public Health 41, no. 2 (July 2, 2018): e141-e151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdy111.
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AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of informal workers and their working conditions and employment precariousness in the EU-27; and to explore the association of different contract arrangements with health outcomes and how they are influenced by working and employment conditions.MethodsA sample of 27 245 working-age employees from the fifth European Working Condition Survey of 2010 was analysed. Logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the contribution of different contract arrangement (permanent, temporary and informal) and working and employment precariousness variables on health outcomes (psychosocial well-being and self-rated health).ResultsPrevalence of informal employees in the EU-27 is 4.1% among men and 5.1% among women. Although informal employees have the poorest working conditions and employment precariousness, they did not seem to reflect poorer health. Precariousness employment variables have a greater impact than working conditions variables in reducing the association between health outcomes and type of contract arrangement, especially in the case of informal employees.ConclusionsInformal employment in the EU-27 is characterized by worse working conditions and employment precariousness than the conditions for formal employees. There is no evidence at all that being in informal employment implies better health outcomes compared to permanent employees.
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Fellenius, Eva, Håkan Lindberg, Annika Hedelin, Per Örtenwall, and Louis Riddez. "KAMEDO Report No. 83 European Union Summit in Göteborg, 2001." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 21, no. 2 (April 2006): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00003514.
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AbstractA European Union (EU) Summit in Göteborg, Sweden, was held 15–16 June 2001. This meeting presented various security and medical concerns to city officials. In preparation for a large meeting such as the EU Summit, a plan should be established that includes basic facts, management organization, and guidelines. Clear communication beteween city agencies also must be established. Hospital inventories should be recorded daily and reported to medical staff. A command center must be in place for police and medical command. An emergency medical provider should ride in each police vehicle, so in case of a riot situation, victims can be treated quickly. An information officer should be assigned with the task of providing information regarding the injured to the media.
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Buschak, Willy. "Financial participation for employees in the European Union — a pragmatic view." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 8, no. 1 (February 2002): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890200800110.
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This articles begins by tracing the changes in trade union attitudes to financial participation, which have generally become more favourable. A number of national case studies are considered. Having reviewed the possible advantages, the author cautions against a number of risks in extending such schemes. In particular care must be taken to avoid them acting as substitutes for direct participation by workers and their representatives in managing the companies in which they work, worker representatives must be consulted and schemes must be inclusive and not serve to exacerbate income differentials or income insecurity.
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Bagdi, Katalin. "The Future of Employees’ Board-Level Representation in The European Union." Procedia Economics and Finance 23 (2015): 1394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)00419-0.
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Neal, Alan C. "Freedom of Movement for Employers and Employees in the European Union." European Labour Law Journal 4, no. 1 (March 2013): 33–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/201395251300400105.
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Bramble, Thomas. "Trade Union Organization and Workplace Industrial Relations in the Vehicle Industry 1963 to 1991." Journal of Industrial Relations 35, no. 1 (March 1993): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569303500103.
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An underlying theme in the development of industrial relations in the car industry in the last three decades has been the replacement of an old by a new mode of accommodation, a network of management and union strategies which provides the basic infrastructure necessary for profit-making and the stabilization of class relations inside factories. The post-war mode of accommodation in the vehicle industry, which survived until the early 1970s, was destroyed and replaced by a new mode in the 1980s. Struggles within the major industry union, as well as between the workforce and management, played an important part in this process. This article examines the role of full-time officials in the Vehicle Builders Employees Federation and their changing relations with workplace stewards and rank-and-file union members in the key period of transition, from 1963 to 1991. By studying the evolution of the political and economic challenges faced by the leadership of this union in this period, and its responses, we may gain some insights into the behaviour of full-time officials. It will be argued that the changing internal politics of this union validate what Jonathan Zeitlin has called the 'rank and filist perspective' on union government, and cast doubt on the arguments of its recent critics.
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Petrovic, Pero, and Aleksandar Zivkovic. "Financial crisis and forming of the European monetary fund: Should the European Agreement be changed." Medjunarodni problemi 62, no. 4 (2010): 585–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1004585p.
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In this paper, the authors analyze the possibilities and advantages of realization of the idea of creating the European Monetary Fund, the European equivalent of the IMF. European officials and experts believe that the financial crisis in the European Union, as was the case in Greece, can be successfully solved within the EU institutions. The assistance that the EMF would provide would be stipulated by fulfilment of strict conditions. The ECB, which insists on independence, would join it in establishing this mechanism, since not any has been created so far that would provide financial assistance to members of the Eurozone.
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Buckle, Peter, and Jason Devereux. "The State of Scientific Knowledge Regarding Work Related Neck and Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Disorders." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 30 (July 2000): 5–434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004403009.
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The report has drawn together knowledge from an extensive set of sources. These include the contemporary scientific literature, the views of an international expert scientific panel, current practice, employer and employee representatives and a number of official authorities from member states of the European Union (EU). The need for EU consensus regarding diagnostic criteria is identified. Size of the problem across EU member states has been reported. Understanding of the biological mechanisms of WRULDs varies greatly and it is dependent on the specific disorder. A strong positive relationship between some WRULDs and the performance of work, especially where workers were highly exposed to workplace risk factors is noted. Identifying workers in the extreme exposure categories should become a priority for any preventative strategy. Current scientific knowledge and existing general advice in European health and safety directives, etc., already provide some strategies for preventing WRULDs. Further action is suggested.
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Cullinane, Niall, Eugene Hickland, Tony Dundon, Tony Dobbins, and Jimmy Donaghey. "Triggering employee voice under the European Information and Consultation Directive: A non-union case study." Economic and Industrial Democracy 38, no. 4 (June 18, 2015): 629–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x15584085.
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The transposition of the 2002/14/EC Directive, establishing a general framework for information and consultation (I&C), has proven contentious in largely voluntarist systems of employment regulation. Receiving particular criticism is the employee ‘opt-in’ mechanism as a means to access I&C rights. For non-union employees in particular, the ability and potential to negotiate rights for I&C is widely seen to be problematic. This article uniquely examines the opt-in mechanism in the context of non-unionism, considering how non-union employers respond to non-union employees invoking their legislative rights to I&C. Drawing upon a case study conducted over four years in a large non-union multinational, the evidence shows how the opt-in and negotiation process function to the advantage of the employer rather than the intended regulatory impact to advance employee rights.
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PRASSL, Jeremias. "Business Freedoms and Employment Rights in the European Union." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 17 (September 3, 2015): 189–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cel.2015.9.
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AbstractIn this article, I explore the substance and operation of Article 16 of the European Union’s Charter of Fundamental Rights, which recognises ‘the freedom to conduct a business’, in order to determine the extent to which the constitutionalisation of commercial interests as fundamental rights could pose a threat to the Union’s worker-protective acquis. Having surveyed three important Directives which regulate employees’ rights in transfers of undertakings, collective redundancies, and the organisation of working time, I argue that future challenges based on Article 16 CFR are unlikely to succeed: even in situations where the Directives limit employers’ economic freedoms, such interference is justified and proportionate.
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NICA, Ioana, and Daniel DUMITRU. "România în contextul coeziunii europene." Gândirea Militară Românească 2022, no. 4 (December 2022): 270–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.55535/gmr.2022.3.15.
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This paper presents Romania’s strategic position on the main European security programmes reflected and accepted at EU level, as well as a brief assessment of EU officials towards Romania and the concrete actions through which Romania decided to align with EU’s security and defence standards. It discusses the main strategic objectives of Romania and the European Union, actions and measures to promote European cohesion in terms of security, but also other study elements, and research in the direction of national and international security.
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Bakanauskas, Edvinas. "Protection of minority shareholders’ rights in group of companies: Lithuania and EU company law perspectives." Vilnius University Open Series, no. 6 (December 28, 2020): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/os.law.2020.1.
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Just as in the entire European Union, in Lithuania company groups are an integral part of the modern business world. It is the companies that are part of company groups are leading both in Lithuania and in the European Union in terms of a number of economic indicators: revenues, number of employees, amounts of taxes paid and other contributions. Despite being an integral part of modern business, regulation of company groups has not yet attracted sufficient attention both at the European Union or the national level. Such absence of a consistent regulation may lead to or cause, inter alia, infringements of rights of minority shareholders. Accordingly, the purpose of the present article is to assess whether the effective Lithuanian or European Union regulation is sufficient to protect minority shareholders’ rights in group of companies.
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Kondratieva, Natalia. "Path to digital transformation: start of the EU's "Digital Decade"." Analytical papers of the Institute of Europe RAS, no. 3 (2021): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/analytics32720215156.
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On September 15, 2021, President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, announced the start of "ten-year" digital transformation of economic and social spheres. The action plan was presented in the "State of the Union" address. This development was preceded by the official announcement on March 9 of the "European Digital Compass". These strategic documents deepen the understanding of parameters of long-term digital transformation and new governance structures, and reveal the persistence of EU officials’ high hopes for digitalization. Authorized agencies in Russia and the Eurasian Economic Union should use this development for evaluation and comparison of their target settings for adjusting the course of their own progress.
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Mulder, Bernard Johann. "The law concerning the election of employees’ representatives in company bodies." European Labour Law Journal 8, no. 1 (March 2017): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2031952517699136.
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This paper assesses the juridical aspects of the right to vote for, and be elected as, employee representative in company bodies. The assessment is made in the light of the pending case Konrad Erzberger v TUI AG, C 566/15 before the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). The case was referred to the CJEU by the Kammergericht Berlin (Germany) and it was lodged on 3 November 2015. In the case, two issues related to the provisions of the Treaty of Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) are addressed to the CJEU. One is if it is discrimination on grounds of nationality, another is if national legislation is incompatible with the provisions on freedom of movement for workers, when the national legislation does not permit inviting employees outside a country’s borders to vote or stand as a candidate for the employee representation in that company’s supervisory body. In this paper it is argued that national law in the case at issue is not incompatible with European Union (EU) law. Consequently, there is no discrimination on grounds of nationality, and there is no obstacle to free movement for workers. Instead, it is a matter of what law shall apply.
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Navickas, Valentinas, Mykolas Navickas, and Marcel Kordoš. "Corruption effect on foreign direct investments in European Union countries." Verslas: teorija ir praktika 17, no. 4 (November 30, 2016): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.17.10863.
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The authors of the article analyze the effect of corruption on foreign direct investments in most corrupt European Union countries. Corruption in the context of the analysis is understood as an act where government officials enter into an agreement with a foreign investors against the interest of society. It takes place when illegal payments for government are made. Such payments acts as an additional tax on investments in foreign country, thus decreasing attractiveness of investment for foreign investors. There are various types of corruption, but most common classification include grand corruption, petty corruption and public sector corruption. However, this article focuses on the effect of grand corruption, because it directly affects FDI inflows in particular country. Results of the research made by the authors shows that corruption has adverse effect on FDI inflows, however particular corrupt actions may postively effect FDI inflows. In order to determine corruption effect on FDI in corrupt EU countries statistical analysis of 2000–2014 period has been implemented and conceptual model of effect on FDI created.