Journal articles: 'European Union. – Cyprus'

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Khashman, Zeliha. "Cyprus and the European Union." Journal of Applied Sciences 2, no. 4 (March 15, 2002): 530–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2002.530.532.

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Brewin, Christopher. "European union perspectives on Cyprus accession." Middle Eastern Studies 36, no. 1 (January 2000): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263200008701295.

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Kovalskyi, Stanislav. "The Cyprus Question in the European Integration Processes (1960-2004)." European Historical Studies, no. 12 (2019): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2019.12.28-47.

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The article is devoted to the Cyprus issue in the context of the European integration processes from the Republic’s independence till the accession of Cyprus to the European Union in 2004. Forms and stages of Cyprus` integration policy were revealed in the article. The European integration was the main idea of the Cyprus history in the late 20th century and at the early 21th century. Therefore, the mentioned aspect became the subject of this research. Two lead strategies of the Cyprus policy towards European Communities were identified. The first one was the association within the framework of the customs union as a lead Cyprus policy in 1970-1980th. The second strategy was based on the principles of full membership in the European Union. The latter was occurring in the post Cold war era and had been succeeded in 2004. The home and foreign problems, formed so called Cyprus question, were characterized in the paper. Ethnic conflict’s consequences, artificial territorial division, unfinished peacekeeping operation were obstructing the European goal of the Cyprus Republic. European Commission considered Cyprus to be adjusted to the European high standards. Due to Greek Cypriot’s hard work for the juridical implementations and social and economic adaptations Cyprus was accepted to the EU. In the 1990s the European Union proposed its own way to maintain the Cyprus problem by proceeding intercommunion negotiations and UN Resolutions. This EU`s activity was failed in many points that was reflected in the paper. The British, Greek and Turkish opinion about the Cyprus integration was analyzed. The politic reaction of Greece and Turkey was also in the focus of view. An attention was paid to the Turkish community of Cyprus as a separated problem. The change of Turks Cypriots` status during integration policy of Cyprus was a prominent feature in attempting to solve Cyprus dispute. The Cyprus question is affecting the Turkish European policy badly. Therefore, this problem remains actual for the European history.

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SERTOGLU, KAMIL, and ILHAN OZTURK. "Application of Cyprus to the European Union and the Cyprus Problem." Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 39, no. 6 (November 2003): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1540496x.2003.11052557.

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Metea, Ileana-Gentilia. "Cyprus, an Unresolved Issue of the European Union." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 24, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2018-0021.

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Abstract The Republic of Cyprus is an island from the extreme north of the Mediterranean Sea, is situated at the intersection of Europe, Asia and Africa, 75 km south of Turkey, 105 km west of Syria, 300 km north of Egypt and 800 km east of Greece. As a state form, it is a presidential republic, and is part of the European Union (since May 2004) the Euro Zone (2008), the World Trade Organization - WTO (1995), the International Monetary Fund (1962) 1962), the Council of Europe (1961), the Commonwealth (1961). Cyprus has an unresolved internal situation for a long time

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Katsourides, Yiannos. "Partisan Responses to the European Union in Cyprus." Journal of European Integration 36, no. 7 (July 23, 2014): 641–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2014.935360.

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Sojka, Elżbieta. "Health condition of ageing populations of the European Union." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 23, no. 23 (March 1, 2014): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2014-0009.

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AbstractThe paper is a comparative analysis of health condition of EU-27 states that are differentiated with respect to demographic situation and the level of social and economic development with the use of methods of multidimensional comparative analysis. Relationships between macroeconomic values and health indices of EU populations were also studied with the use of demometric models. The study was performed for 2009. The most favourable health situation (in the light of diagnostic qualities adopted for the study) was observed in Cyprus, where the value of synthetic measure was almost 0.9. Cyprus is a relatively young country, with the lowest rate of mortality due to malicious tumours among all the countries of the European Community. Apart from Cyprus, Ireland was found in the first group (the lowest rate of people at 65+ years of age of all EU countries), Luxembourg (low rate of infant mortality) and Spain (relatively low mortality due to diseases of circulatory system). Definitely the worst health situation was observed in majority of the countries of the former Eastern bloc. On the grounds of the correlation diagram it was possible to conclude that, together with social and economic development of the country and resulting growth in expenditures on health protection per capita, mean life expectancy at birth significantly extended. However, these relations are not linear. Logarithmically constructed regression functions proved a strong and statistically significant impact of macroeconomic values on indices of population health condition.

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Müftüler-Bac, Meltem, and Aylin Güney. "The European Union and the Cyprus Problem 1961–2003." Middle Eastern Studies 41, no. 2 (March 2005): 281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263200500035462.

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Gunduz Guliyeva, Aygun. "FEATURES OF THE FİGHT AGAİNST TAX OFFENCES İN THE EUROPEAN UNİON." SCIENTIFIC WORK 65, no. 04 (April 23, 2021): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/65/337-340.

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Every year, the European Union loses billions of euros of public money due to tax avoidance, tax evasion and tax fraud. As a consequent, Member States suffer significant losses of revenue, as well as a dent to the efficiency their tax systems. Moreover, some EU Member States - notably the Netherlands, Ireland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Malta and Cyprus - are using unfair practices to increase the artificial exchange of profits of multinational corporations. This unprecedented challenge deeply questions the ways and means of cooperation, not only for the Taxation and Customs Union, but also within the area of Freedom, Security and Justice, put forward by the Lisbon Treaty. Key words: EU, tax, tax avoidance, evasion, fraud, harmonisation, direct tax, indirect tax

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Rynkowski, Michał. "Religious Liberty Under the European Convention on Human Rights." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 10, no. 2 (April 16, 2008): 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x08001221.

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The eighteenth annual meeting of the European Consortium for Church and State Research took place in Nicosia, Cyprus, in November 2007, the only divided capital city in the world. It was devoted to the question of how national courts respect and apply the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), particularly Article 9, in their jurisprudence. The conference gathered representatives of 26 European Union States (all except Malta) and was hosted by Mr Achilles Emilianides of the Cyprus Institute for Church and State Research. The conference was inaugurated in a ceremonial way, by the President of the Republic of Cyprus, the President of the Supreme Court, the Attorney General and the President of the European Consortium, Professor S. Berlingó from Messina.

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Nowak, A., T. Kijek, and K. Domańska. "Technical efficiency and its determinants in the European Union." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 61, No. 6 (June 6, 2016): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/200/2014-agricecon.

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The study concerns the measurement of the technical efficiency of agriculture in the 27 European Union (EU) countries in 2010. The studies were conducted based on the result-oriented DEA method assuming variable advantages of scale. Moreover, in the study, the factors affecting technical efficiency were identified, and the econometric modelling of their impact was performed with the use of the Tobit model. The studies indicate that across the 27 EU Member States, the level of the technical efficiency of agriculture is diverse, and the difference between the states with the highest and the lowest efficiencies is 40%. Cyprus, Denmark, Greece, France, Spain, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Italy and Malta were identified as the countries with the thoroughly technically efficient agriculture. In turn, the least technically efficient agriculture is observed for the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia and Slovakia. Taking into account the factors determining the technical agriculture efficiency, it should be noted that the stimulants have proven to be such factors as: the soil quality, the age of the head of the household and the surcharges for investments. In turn, the size of the farm appeared to be irrelevant from the viewpoint of the technical efficiency of the agricultural sector.

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Osiewicz, Przemysław. "The Cyprus Talks 2015–2017: Their Course, the Outcome, and Consequences for the European Union." Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej, no. 14 (December 31, 2020): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/rie.2020.14.9.

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The main aim of the article is to present political consequences of the failure of the Cyprus talks 2015–2017 for the European Union. Although its institutions and representatives were engaged in the negotiation process there, the issue seems to be more complex when it comes to defining what their role was. One can find the answer to such a question analysing the course and the final outcome of the negotiation process in Cyprus. The main research question are as follows: What was the course of bicommunal negotiations? What brought the negotiations to a halt in 2017? How did the European Union engage in the process? What are political consequences of the talks failure for the European Union? The selected method is sources analysis and the technique is qualitative content analysis. On this basis one can study, for example, selected speeches, declarations as well as official documents. As regards the main sources, these are selected EU and UN documents, monographs, and academic articles.

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Oguzlu, Tank. "A confederai Cyprus as a member of the European Union." International Spectator 36, no. 4 (October 2001): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03932720108456949.

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Nugent, Neill. "Cyprus and the European union: A particularly difficult membership application." Mediterranean Politics 2, no. 3 (December 1997): 53–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13629399708414630.

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15

Tannam, Etain. "The European Union and Conflict Resolution: Northern Ireland, Cyprus and Bilateral Cooperation." Government and Opposition 47, no. 1 (2012): 49–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2011.01354.x.

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AbstractThe aim of this article is to determine the EU's effect on British–Irish and Greek–Turkish cooperation. It examines the EU's actual and potential role in fostering British–Irish and Greek–Turkish cooperation as well as its policies to Northern Ireland and Cyprus themselves. Domestic bureaucratic capacity and institutional design are put forward as explanations for the success of the British–Irish relationship rather than EU membership per se. In the case of Cyprus, the article suggests that increased bilateral cooperation with respect to disputed territory is unlikely to occur in the absence of faster bureaucratic change in both Greece and Turkey. EU membership is not a causal factor in the evolution of cooperation and conflict resolution.

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Casaglia, Anna. "Northern Cyprus as an ‘inner neighbour’: A critical analysis of European Union enlargement in Cyprus." European Urban and Regional Studies 26, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776418756933.

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This article analyses the impact of Cyprus’s accession to the European Union (EU) on the northern part of the island, and tackles the political actorness of the EU with regard to the enduring Cypriot conflict. Much literature has critically analysed the EU enlargement process, underlining its imperialistic features and its problematic nature. At the same time, scholars have highlighted the EU’s difficulties in acting as a political actor and its impact on situations of ethno-national conflict. This article brings together these critical aspects by analysing them in the peculiar context of Cyprus. It retraces the negotiation process and the Turkish Cypriots’ in/visibility throughout it, and presents research conducted following Cyprus’s accession in three different periods between 2008 and 2015. We propose an interpretation of Northern Cyprus as an ‘inner neighbour’ of the EU, because of its anomalous and liminal status, the suspended application of the acquis communautaire, the unresolved conflict and the ambiguity of the border management of the Green Line, the line of partition between north and south. All these problematic features of Northern Cyprus’s situation are examined in detail to identify the unique position of this entity within the EU. In addition to this, and supporting the importance of a bottom-up understanding of the EU’s normative and symbolic projection, the article presents the opinions of Turkish Cypriot citizens about their expectations before and after 2004, and how their ideas and imaginaries related to the EU have evolved and interacted with the process of Europeanisation.

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Baracani, Elena. "The European Union and Conflict Prevention. What Europeanization?" World Political Science 12, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 219–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/wps-2016-0013.

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AbstractThis article presents the main empirical findings of the analysis of the European Union’s activity for conflict prevention in three case studies – Cyprus, Kosovo and Palestine. After having clarified the meaning of conflict ‘resolution’, ‘prevention’ and ‘Europeanization’, it is proposed a classification of the main foreign policy tools at the disposal of the Union to intervene before the escalation of the conflicts, during and after it. Then, the article focuses on the empirical findings of the Europeanization of the conflicts in the case studies, and therefore not only on the instruments used and on the norms promoted, but also on the mechanisms and the conditions that have enabled or not the Union to exert its leverage.

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Papadopoulos, Thomas. "The Different Legal Concepts of ‘Seat’ and ‘Registered Office’ in Cyprus Company Law." European Company Law 19, Issue 5 (October 1, 2022): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eucl2022022.

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This article analyses the different legal concepts of ‘seat’ and ‘registered office’ in Cyprus company law. The distinction between the concepts of ‘seat’ and ‘registered office’ in Cyprus company law is very important for the definition of corporate investor in respect of the Republic of Cyprus as a contracting party in several extra-EU Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs). Although Cyprus is an incorporation theory jurisdiction with the ‘registered office’ as the connecting factor, the legal concept of ‘seat’ is also used in Cyprus company law with a different meaning than ‘registered office’. The Cyprus legislature uses explicitly the legal concept of ‘seat’ in Cyprus Companies Law (Chapter 113-Cap. 113) and is not restricted only to the legal concept of ‘registered office’. The difference between the legal concepts of ‘seat’ and ‘registered office’ in Cyprus company law is underpinned by an analysis of Cyprus Companies Law (Chapter 113-Cap. 113), where the notion of ‘seat’ appears with a different meaning than the notion of ‘registered office’, and by the distinguishing nature of Cyprus law as a mixed legal system, which combines characteristics of both common law and continental civil law. Continental law notions, such as ‘seat’, are compatible with the mixed legal system of Cyprus. This distinction between the concepts of ‘seat’ and ‘registered office’ is also supported by arguments deriving from the implementation of the European Company (Societas Europaea (SE)) Statute in Cyprus. The adoption in Cyprus company law of both legal concepts of ‘registered office’ and ‘seat’ but with different meanings is also compatible with the EU fundamental freedom of establishment (Articles 49–54 Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)). Bilateral Investment Treaties, Cyprus company law, registered office, seat

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Malovic, Nedim. "EU General Court says that there is no likelihood of confusion between EU collective trade mark ‘HALLOUMI’ and ‘BBQLOUMI’." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 16, no. 4-5 (April 24, 2021): 291–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpab044.

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Abstract EU General Court, Foundation for the Protection of the Traditional Cheese of Cyprus named Halloumi v European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO), T-328/17, EU: T:2021:16, 20 January 2021

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Ševela, M. "Price levels convergence of consumer expenditures in the European Union ." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 52, No. 5 (February 17, 2012): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5016-agricecon.

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The convergence of price levels is one of the important aspects of a real convergence and is often viewed as a criterion for the evaluation of preparedness. The convergence process of comparative price levels can run either through the exchange rate channel and/or that of nominal prices. The paper is focused on the assessment of comparative price levels and the rate of their convergence in the enlarged European Union within the period of 1999–2003. With the exception of Cyprus, the price levels in the new EU member countries were significantly lower. The greatest differences from the price level of EU countries existed in Poland, Slovakia and Baltic countries. The new member countries differ also in the rate of convergence. When combining their initial position and the rate of convergence, it can be concluded that all countries will be able to reach 80% of the comparative price level of the European Union till the year 2010. In Poland, the development is very unfavourable because its price level will reach only 55% provided that there will be no changes in its development. 

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Kirazoğlu, Oktay. "The effects of European Union border security policies on Cyprus conflict." European Journal of Social & Behavioural Sciences 10, no. 3 (August 30, 2014): 1553–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/ejsbs.138.

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Christou, George. "The European Union, borders and conflict transformation: The Case of Cyprus." Cooperation and Conflict 45, no. 1 (March 2010): 55–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836709347213.

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Theophanous, Andreas. "Cyprus, the European Union and the Search for a New Constitution." Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans 2, no. 2 (November 2000): 213–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713683342.

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Michaelidou, Marina, and Daniel J. Decker. "Incorporating Local Values in European Union Conservation Policy: The Cyprus Case." Human Dimensions of Wildlife 10, no. 2 (July 2005): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871200590931789.

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ANGELIDES, PANAYIOTIS, and JAMES LEIGH. "Cyprus' Accession to the European Union and Educational Change: a critique." European Journal of Education 39, no. 2 (June 2004): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3435.2004.00178.x.

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Redmond, John. "Security implications of the accession of Cyprus to the European Union." International Spectator 30, no. 3 (July 1995): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03932729508458092.

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Hughes, Edel. "The Secularism Debate and Turkey's Quest for European Union Membership." Religion & Human Rights 3, no. 1 (2008): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187103108x286528.

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AbstractThe potential accession of Turkey to the European Union is undoubtedly one of the Union's most contested prospective enlargements. Among the stated concerns are continuing problems surrounding Cyprus and Turkey's record in terms of fundamental human rights protections. The nature of the Turkish state and its current government, headed by the Islamic Refah Partisi, is also the subject of much discussion. This article traces the development of secularism in modern Turkey and outlines the effect that the Islamic revival is having on both Turkey and its attempts to join the ranks of the European Union.

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Bocková, Lucia, and Rudolf Kucharčík. "Citizenship by Investment - Latest Development in the European Union." Politické vedy 25, no. 4 (January 10, 2023): 69–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.24040/politickevedy.2022.25.4.69-108.

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This paper covers citizenship by investment (CBI) schemes in the European Union (EU) context which allow to acquire nationality of the EU member state through targeted investments. We were verifying whether the negative attitude of the EU towards the CBI schemes of member states and the ongoing war in Ukraine threaten their very existence. In order to achieve the objective, we analysed the rules on the acquisition of citizenship by naturalization as well as the relationship between nationality of the EU member states, which is still their exclusive competence and the EU citizenship status. Subsequently, we compared CBI schemes of three EU member states (Bulgaria, Cyprus, Malta). The results show that the EU has put pressure on member states to cancel their CBI programs because of the complex relationship between the national citizenship on the one hand and the EU citizenship and related rights enforceable across the whole EU on the other hand. This EU pressure has been further intensified following the war in Ukraine. The reason is that Russian nationals made up a significant number of CBI applicants and also because some Russian or Belarusian nationals who are supporting the war in Ukraine might have acquired EU citizenship under CBI schemes. Of the three countries we analysed, only Malta currently has a valid CBI program. Bulgaria and Cyprus abolished their CBI programs. This development indicates that the EU has gradually succeeded in eliminating the existence of CBI in the EU member states. However, it is not yet clear whether this practice of member states is contrary to the EU law. We assume that the Court of Justice of the EU will resolve this question in the ongoing infringement procedure initiated by the European Commission against Malta.

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BAYRAKTAR, Fetine. "THE POLITICAL CONDITIONALITY IN THE ENLARGEMENT OF EUROPEAN UNION: THE CYPRUS CASE." Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51562/nkuhukuk.2022324.

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The political conditionality is an effective strategy of the EU enlargement policy, and it aims to provide a democratic bridge between candidate member states and the EU. Besides using the political conditionality, the EU assumes confirmation of democracy by the compliance of member states. Accordingly, the following question may arise ''why the political conditionality is the major strategy for EU?'' which is outlined in Article 6, 1: ''The Union founded on the principles of liberty, democracy, and respect for human rights, fundamental freedom, and legislation, principles which are common to the EU Member States.'' An article aims to explain how enlargement policies of the EU should follow the strategy of political conditionality. This paper will critically evaluate; the consequences of EU enlargement in 2004 and its effectiveness over candidate states. The main focus will be on the application of political conditionality in Cyprus and its correctness. Accordingly, the papers seek to analyze first how the EU's political conditionality was applied through the 2004 enlargement process and then on which grounds of political conditionality couldn't illustrate its effectiveness in the case of Cyprus

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Boedeltje, F., H. van Houtum, and O. T. Kramsch. ""The shadows of no man's land" : crossing the border in the divided capital of Nicosia, Cyprus." Geographica Helvetica 62, no. 1 (March 31, 2007): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-62-16-2007.

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Abstract. In May 2004, only Greek Cyprus joined the European Union. The EU did not negotiate with Northern Cyprus as the Greek Cypriot government is acknowledged as sole representative of Cyprus. Despite this, after more than two years of EU membership, the Republic of Cyprus is seen in a positive light by the people of Northern Cyprus. Through the grey zone of the acquis communautaire, north Nicosia and Cyprus profit from European modernisation and the common market. Although the northern part of the island is still often labelled as «occupied territory», in the light of recent European developments. Nicosia, and with it Cyprus, seem to no longer be solely defined by their Green Line. This grey, self-created Option means that the EU has indeed had a significant effect on the «Cyprus issue». For the Greek Cypriot authorities, their hoped-for advantage of a stronger negotiation position in Europe did not turn out as expected. For the north, their fragile socio-economic structures appear to have benefited from the common market with the Republic of Cyprus. Despite the current partitioning of Nicosia, this city may therefore be understood today as a unique example of urban osmosis.The conclusion is made that both the long-term impact of the new osmosis which is taking place at street level in the city of Nicosia, and the city's capacity for co-optation and resistance, should be assessed and perceived not in the form of traditional geopolitical narratives, but in a form more sensitive to its complex context.

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Marcus, Leah S. "Provincializing the Reformation." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 126, no. 2 (March 2011): 432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2011.126.2.432.

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On a recent trip to nicosia, cyprus, i grabbed a city map from my hotel. The venetian walls of the old city formed a perfect circle on the map. But the northern part of Nicosia was blank—not a road named or landmark identified, not even the airport or the Venetian column that marks the center of the circular city—except for the notation “Area under Turkish occupation since 1974.” Of course, Turkey is a secular nation, but the divide between Turkish and European Cyprus is also a divide between majority-Muslim and majority-Christian populations. A member of the European Union since 2004, Cyprus is, like the rest of Europe, haunted by a spectral Islam that it has difficulty acknowledging, let alone assimilating into a broader cosmopolitan identity.

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Agorastos, A., H. Zurhold, A. Petridou, and C. Haasen. "Addiction Services in Cyprus: Results of the EU Twinning Project Evaluation." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70539-5.

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In April 2007 a European twinning project started between Cyprus and Germany, in order to assist Cyprus as a new Candidate Country in the implementation and harmonisation with the European Community's legislation, by evaluating the governmental drug services in Cyprus and their coordination and promoting the improvement and introduction of new drug treatment services. A field investigation studied parameters as population in need, treatment demand and coverage, as well as high risk patterns and their trend over the last years, showing an individual place of Cyprus in the international drug ranking, with the highest prevalence of cannabis and second highest on ecstasy abuse and one of the smallest in opiates and amphetamine consumption. Nevertheless heroin remains the primary drug of abuse in persons seeking treatment, although Cyprus was until 2008 the only country of the European Union without a substitution treatment. Furthermore this project studies in detail the current availability of the governmental drug facilities, their structure and coordination as well as the legal framework in which they operate, showing a still adapting drug care system, trying to keep up with the increasing special needs of the Cypriot population, but offering the presuppositions for an efficient and good functioning drug care system in the future.

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Michail, Costas. "The Advent of Electricity Liberalization in Cyprus. Critical Analysis of the Current State and Charting a Path to Liberalization." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 31, Issue 2 (April 1, 2022): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2022007.

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Cyprus is an island situated in the Easter Mediterranean and member of the European Union. Cyprus maintains an effective monopoly in electrifying the island chiefly by entrusting the electrification to the Cyprus Electricity Authority, a semi-governmental organization. The Electricity Authority aggregates all key functions for generating and ultimately matching the load. The electricity is mainly produced by burning petrol, mazut, at the power plants. Cyprus has recently passed Laws to enable liberalization of its electric industry. In the body of this research paper, we will unveil the current state of the electricity industry in Cyprus by expanding on the electricity state owned company, the regulatory Authority and the new Laws enabling the liberalization pathway. Then we focus on key ingredients in liberalizing electricity industry. The key focus of this article will be to appraise the Cyprus new Laws, outlining the positive conditions and stress the persisting barriers and provide recommendations.

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Ramming, Saskia. "Cyprus's Accession Negotiations to the European Union: Conditional Carrots, Good Faith, and Miscalculations." International Negotiation 13, no. 3 (2008): 365–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180608x368926.

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AbstractThe European Union did not push forcefully for an intercommunal settlement that would reunite Cyprus as a prerequisite for EU accession. As a result, it gave away the carrot without tying it to an important condition. Several explanations are drawn from an analysis of processual and structural factors in the negotiation context.

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Privara, Andrej. "Citizenship-for-Sale Schemes in Bulgaria, Cyprus, and Malta." Migration Letters 16, no. 2 (April 5, 2019): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182//ml.v16i2.735.

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Citizenship-for-sale schemes aimed at attracting wealthy and mobile individuals, so-called “high net worth individuals” (HNWIs) whose net assets are of US$1 million or more. A growing number of governments now seek to attract this category of migrants with abundant wealth. Many large and small states introduced various programmes and schemes to attract foreign investors. However, the European Commission has many concerns about these schemes regarding national security risks, ethics of nationality and can possible economic distortions. In a resolution adopted in January 2014, the European Parliament expressed its concern that the “outright sale of EU citizenship undermines the mutual trust upon which the Union is built”. It maintained that “EU citizenship implies the holding of a stake in the Union” and this “should never become a tradeable commodity”. This article explores citizenship for sale schemes in three new member states that joined the EU in 2004-2007 pointing out key areas of concern in the implementation of citizenship-for-sale schemes in the cases of Cyprus, Malta, and Bulgaria.

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Koutrakos, Panos. "Legal Issues of EC–Cyprus Trade Relations." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 52, no. 2 (April 2003): 489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/52.2.489.

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Whilst the political aspects of Cyprus's membership to the European Union have become the main focus of academic analysis over the years, its trade relations with the Member States have raised issues just as interesting from a legal point of view. This has been illustrated quite recently by the Anastasiou II judgment delivered by the European Court of Justice in 2000. The article aims at highlighting some of these issues. It is structured in three parts: the first part outlines the provisions of the EC–Cyprus Association Agreement governing trade between the parties; the second part analyses the Court's first ruling on imports of certain produce from the northern part of Cyprus;1 the third part examines the recent judgment of the Court on imports of produce which, whilst originating in the northern part of Cyprus, are being accompanied by phytosanitary certificates issued by the Turkish authorities.

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ALTINTAŞ, Furkan Fahri. "Avrupa Birliği Ülkelerinin Sağlık Güvenliği Performanslarının Ölçülmesi: MAIRCA Yöntemi ile Bir Uygulama." Gevher Nesibe Journal IESDR 6, no. 13 (July 25, 2021): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46648/gnj.241.

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By analyzing their own and each other's health security performance, countries can develop strategies and methods to increase their health security performance. Therefore, it is important to provide the said performance measurement in order to raise awareness of the health security performance of the countries. In this context, the health security performances of the European Union countries were measured by the MAIRCA method over the values of the Global Health Security Index (GHSI) components for the latest and current 2019. In the research, the relationships were calculated between the health security performance values of the countries determined by the GHSI and MAIRCA method and some multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods (ARAS, BTA, COPRAS, EDAS, MAUT, ROV, TOPSIS, WASPAS, Gray Relational Analysis). According to the findings, it was determined that the first three countries with the highest health and safety performance were Sweden, the Netherlands and Denmark, while the first three countries with the lowest health and safety performance were Bulgaria, Romania and Cyprus. In the study, it was also observed that the countries of Bulgaria, Czechia, Cyprus, Croatia, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and Greece were below the average health protection performance value. Accordingly, it has been concluded that these countries need to increase their health safety performance in order to be in compliance with other European Union countries on health safety. Apart from these, it has been determined that GHSI and MAIRCA methods have significant, positive and very high correlations with each other and with other MCDM methods except MAUT method. Therefore, according to this finding, it was evaluated that GHSI and MAIRCA method could be explained with each other and with other methods except MAUT method.

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Mahmood Ahmed, Waleed. "European Union And the Cyprus Question: The problem of Europe syprus Relations." مجلة دراسات إقلیمیة 4, no. 9 (January 1, 2008): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/regs.2008.30134.

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Kyris, George. "The European Union in Northern Cyprus: Conceptualising the Avoidance of Contested States." Geopolitics 25, no. 2 (December 5, 2018): 346–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2018.1552945.

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Suvarierol, Semin. "The Cyprus Obstacle on Turkey's Road to Membership in the European Union." Turkish Studies 4, no. 1 (March 2003): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714005719.

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Petrou, Panagiotis, and Sotiris Vandoros. "Pharmaceutical price comparisons across the European Union and relative affordability in Cyprus." Health Policy and Technology 5, no. 4 (December 2016): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2016.07.009.

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Novak, Ivan. "Comparative analysis of innovation performance of European Union countries." Notitia 6, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32676/n.6.1.1.

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This paper aims to examine the innovation performance of 28 European Union countries. Hypothesis of the paper states there is a significant difference of innovation performance between the old and the new EU members. Furthermore, the role of SMEs regarding innovation capacity may not be the same across EU. Using K-means clustering results indicated Germany, Ireland, France, Luxemburg and Austria as the most innovative countries and Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia as the least innovative countries. Czech Republic, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Sweden, United Kingdom and Spain were found to have a medium level of innovation performance. Furthermore, United Kingdom surpassed the average innovation level of the cluster for the small sized enterprises. Croatia was below the average level of the cluster regardless of the size of the enterprise. Romania was the outlier with the least innovation. In order to facilitate more innovation these findings may be valuable in creating more country specific recommendations for entrepreneurial policy.

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GOMÓŁKA, Krystyna. "ECONOMIC CONTACTS BETWEEN AZERBAIJAN AND THE EUROPEAN UNION." Historical and social-educational ideas 10, no. 6/2 (February 1, 2019): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2018-10-6/2-53-61.

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After regaining independence in the early 1990s, the Republic of Azerbaijan signed many international agreements. It also established relations with the European Union. Economic contacts between the partners were revived by the partnership and cooperation agreement’s entry into force in 1999. It assumed political dialogue, assistance in building democracy, cooperation in the sphere of economy and investment. In terms of trade in goods and services, the country have granted each other most-favored-nation clauses in the collection of customs duties and charges, transit clearance, composition and transhipment of goods, payment transfers for purchased goods and services. This has led to increased trade between the European Union and Azerbaijan. The most important trade partners of Azerbaijan in the years 2000-2017 were the following members of the European Union: Italy, France and Germany. The exports were dominated by Germany, France, Italy, the United Kingdom and Spain. The opening of the oil and gas sector to foreign companies has contributed to a significant inflow of foreign direct investment. More than 80% of the incoming investment is in the oil sector and the main activities are focused the construction of new gas and oil pipelines. The leading investors in this group in the years 2000-2013 were the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, France and Cyprus.

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Bajrami, Vedat. "COMPARISON OF INCLUSIVE POLICIES AND PRACTICES IN SOME COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND IN KOSOVO." KNOWLEDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 31, no. 5 (June 5, 2019): 1593–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij31051593b.

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In the last thirty years of pedagogical practice, particular attention has been paid to the inclusion of children with special education needs, multi-lingual children in multi-cultural environments and children living in poverty. Nowadays, inclusive education is a subject and a requirement of all European institutions in the EU and the Council of Europe, many families, experts, non-governmental organizations and individuals.The research sample consists of 8 countries from Europe and Kosovo. The condition for the research countries to be included in the sample is based on the population number not being larger than 8 million. Because of the relevance of the comparative analysis, two older state members of the European Union were chosen (Austria, the Flemish and the French region of Belgium), two members of the European Union (Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia and Slovenia), two Scandinavian countries (Finland and Norway) and Kosovo. Kosovo has received the status of a potential candidate for European Union membership.

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John, Eddie, Hasan Bağlar, Onat Başbay, George Konstantinou, Mudar Salimeh, and Martin Wiemers. "Confirmation of the presence of nominotypical Papilio demoleus demoleus Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in Cyprus, with additional notes on breeding and potential colonization." Entomologist's Gazette 73, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31184/g00138894.732.1846.

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The arrival of Papilio demoleus Linnaeus, 1758 in Cyprus in 2021 signalled the species' first appearance in a country of the European Union attributable to range expansion from mainland coastal regions to the east, rather than by human-mediated activity. Molecular work on the Cyprus taxon has shown this to belong to nominotypical P. demoleus demoleus, matching exactly results of similar work carried out on specimens from Mediterranean Syria. Breeding of Papilio demoleus on three species of Citrus at various urban locations in Cyprus has been confirmed, and from which observations it is apparent that two broods were achieved in late summer/autumn of 2021. As has been the experience in neighbouring Mediterranean Turkey and Syria, overwintering success is thought likely.

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John, Eddie, Hasan Bağlar, Onat Başbay, George Konstantinou, Mudar Salimeh, and Martin Wiemers. "Confirmation of the presence of nominotypical Papilio demoleus demoleus Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in Cyprus, with additional notes on breeding and potential colonization." Entomologist's Gazette 73, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31184/g00138894.732.1846.

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The arrival of Papilio demoleus Linnaeus, 1758 in Cyprus in 2021 signalled the species' first appearance in a country of the European Union attributable to range expansion from mainland coastal regions to the east, rather than by human-mediated activity. Molecular work on the Cyprus taxon has shown this to belong to nominotypical P. demoleus demoleus, matching exactly results of similar work carried out on specimens from Mediterranean Syria. Breeding of Papilio demoleus on three species of Citrus at various urban locations in Cyprus has been confirmed, and from which observations it is apparent that two broods were achieved in late summer/autumn of 2021. As has been the experience in neighbouring Mediterranean Turkey and Syria, overwintering success is thought likely.

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Wardana, Adhi. "UPAYA PEMERINTAH TURKI UNTUK BERGABUNG DENGAN UNI EROPA." Global Political Studies Journal 1, no. 2 (October 31, 2017): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/gpsjournal.v1i2.2015.

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The European Union is an inter-governmental organization whose members are European countries. Since July 1, 2013 already has 28 member countries, many countries of the European region who want to join the European Union, one of which is Turkish, the extent to which the Turkish government's efforts to join the European Union? This study aims to determine the extent of the Turkish Government Efforts To Join The European Union (2004-2008). To be able to Turkey joining the European Union must meet the Copenhagen criteria which consists of the political criteria, economic and acquis, Turkey must conform to all the regulations of the European Union so researchers try to analyze from the effort, constraints, and prospects for Turkey to join the European Union. This type of research is a qualitative research method used is descriptive analysis techniques. aims to describe the facts related to the problem under study. Most of the data that is collected through library research, online data retrieval, and documentation, data were then analyzed with a theoretical approach to dealing with International Relations. The results showed that the Turkish government has made progress in meeting the criteria candidates are awarded by the European Union, Turkey showed promising economic growth, recorded during the year 2004-2008 Turkish economic growth averaged 7%. Turkey managed to adopt new chapters in the Acquis criteria, although there are many other chapters that have not adapted to the European Union, in the political aspects of the Turkish government has been working hard to solve the problem of ham with the Kurds, Armenia and Cyprus, but in line with the efforts that have been The Turkish government in its application, there are still many obstacles that eventually make Turkey's accession to EU membership back hampered..

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Chervinchuk, Andrii, Yevheniia Pylypenko, Mykola Veselov, Ruslan Pylypiv, and Olga Merdova. "Ensuring transport safety by police authorities and units of member states of the European Union." Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine 28, no. 4 (December 23, 2021): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37635/jnalsu.28(4).2021.301-309.

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Police authorities and units are a separate link in the system of ensuring all levels of national security, including a transport one. Globalization, technological progress and urbanization are leading to an increase in vehicular transports and freight carriage, which makes it necessary to ensure transport safety. The purpose of the academic paper is as follows: to identify the factors that affect transport safety and the impact of police authorities and units of the European Union on transport safety. In order to achieve the purpose outlined the following methods have been used, namely: statistical analysis, correlation, factor analysis, generalization and analogy. It has been established that there is a positive interrelationship between the number of police officers, the number of road traffic accidents and the number of casualties on the road in Cyprus. A negative interrelationship has been proved between the number of police officers and the number of road traffic accidents in Germany, Finland, Greece, Belgium and Sweden. The positive interdependence has been revealed between the number of police officers and casualties of road traffic accidents in Cyprus, Germany, Finland, and a negative interdependence in Greece, Belgium, Sweden. It has been found that there is a low level of interdependence between the number of cars and the number of road traffic accidents in Sweden and Germany, a negative interrelationship in Cyprus, Greece, Belgium and Finland. Factors influencing transport safety have been established, namely: legislative regulation, level of introduction of innovative digital technologies, transport infrastructure, geographical location, length of roads, psychophysical factors of drivers, social ones. It has been proved that police authorities and units, taking into account other factors that affect transport safety, do not sufficiently ensure transport safety in the European Union

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Kuklin, O. V., R. F. Pustoviit, and M. Y. Kryvoruchko. "The European Integration Challenges of Ukraine." Business Inform 10, no. 513 (2020): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-10-14-21.

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The article is concerned with an analysis of Ukraine’s European integration challenges, which are considered from the position of the effectiveness of foreign trade, as well as in light of the institutional challenges of the European integration course. According to the results of research, both the dynamics and the structure of Ukraine’s foreign trade relations with the EU Member States, the CIS and Asia countries are analyzed. It is defined that the focus on the European Union market prevented domestic exporters from reaching the pre-crisis levels of 2013. The resource nature of the national exports to the EU is underlined. The high level of interdependence in the sphere of foreign trade relations with former partners of Ukraine in the CIS – the Russian Federation and Belarus, especially in the field of imports of fuel and energy resources, and export of nuclear reactors, boilers, machines, railway locomotives, products of inorganic chemistry, is emphasized. It is determined that Ukraine’s implementation of the Ukraine-EU Association Agreement is at a low level of 43%. The authors characterize the main tendencies in Europe as to the quality of life of the population on the basis of two indicators - the proportion of households that barely make ends meet (Bulgaria, Greece, Croatia, Cyprus, Portugal, Romania), and have unsatisfactory living conditions (Cyprus, Latvia, Hungary, Portugal, Slovenia) - the values of which are much higher compared to the average level in the EU. The general conclusion on the ambiguity of the issue of the effectiveness of the national economy’s orientedness toward the market of the European Union has been drawn. The need to take into account the multi-vector nature of the modern globalized world in the process of researching the impact of European integration on the economic development of Ukraine is reasoned.

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Lamia, Zulgadarova. "FACTOR OF THE CYPRUS CRISIS IN RELATIONS BETWEEN TURKEY AND THE EUROPEAN UNION." Scientific notes of Taurida National V.I. Vernadsky University, series Historical Sciences 3 (2019): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32838/2663-5984/2019/3.18.

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Journal articles on the topic 'European Union. – Cyprus'

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