Dissertations / Theses: 'European Real Estate Market'

1

McAllister, Patrick. "European monetary integration and convergence in European real estate markets." Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494961.

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This research study investigates the effects of the process of European monetary integration on the investment performance of European commercial real estate markets. In particular, it addresses the question of whether European monetary integration has produced convergence in the performance of European office markets. Different dimensions of convergence are analysed in terms of whether there is growing similarity in terms of causation of market change, market timing and market levels. The study uses data from both the non-securitised and securitised real estate sectors.

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Langenbach, Marc. "Systematic and unsystematic risk in european office markets : Deriving models for performance and risk measurement in real estate." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090083.

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L’évaluation du risque lié à l’investissement immobilier devient primordiale. Ce travail est d’autant plus important que cette classe d’actifs est hétérogène et sujets à des transactions peu fréquentes. Ce mémoire présente une méthodologie du calcul de la performance sur la base de la variation des valeurs vénales. La technique consiste à procéder comme des experts avec les informations du marché disponibles, basant la valeur sur les informations du marché ‘prime’ du moment et l’expertise de l’année précédente. La méthode de « relissage » permet de générer des séries relatives à l’appréciation des valeurs vénales pour les marchés de bureaux européens (1990-2008). Une analyse de classification a conduit à la division du marché européen en 6 à 8 groupes à forte concentration géographique. L’analyse PCA et le test de cointégration identifient 14 facteurs macroéconomiques et financiers, qui affectent systématiquement la valeur vénale des biens
The estimation of real estate investment risk has gained much importance over recent years. A performance and risk measurement is necessary due to heterogeneity and infrequent trading of real estate assets. This thesis presents a methodology for constructing a performance measure for real estate capital value movements. The technique infers how valuers would have dealt with available market information, basing the current valuation on contemporaneous prime market information and lagged appraised values. The method referred to as ‘resmoothing’ constructs a capital growth series for European office markets (1990-2008). Applying cluster analysis to the dataset suggests dividing the European office markets into 6-8 risk clusters with strong geographic concentration. PCA and cointegration tests identify 14 macroeconomic and financial factors that systematically affect office capital growth. Real estate should be regarded as a distinct asset class as the factors defer from those for equity and bonds

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Minas, Luís Guerra da Gama. "A evolução dos preços do imobiliário na União Europeia entre 2000-2017." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20314.

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Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais
Os preços do mercado imobiliário foram o tema escolhido para a elaboração deste Trabalho Final de Mestrado. A análise recaiu sobre os países pertencentes à União Europeia e o seu objeto de estudo é perceber qual foi a evolução dos preços do imobiliário e quais determinantes que mais influenciam o seu comportamento entre os anos de 2000 e 2017. Para compreender melhor o mercado imobiliário e conhecer os estudos já realizados foi elaborada uma revisão de literatura de forma a sustentar também a investigação desta dissertação. Escolhemos alguns determinantes sociais e económicos e correlacionámo-los com o índice de preços do imobiliário através de um modelo de Regressão Linear Múltiplo. Os principais resultados apontam determinantes como a crise financeira, a crise soberana ou as políticas do BCE como muito significativos, bem como a dívida pública a taxa de desemprego, entre outros. As conclusões do estudo vão no sentido de estudos anteriores e servem o propósito de fortalecer a informação sobre a complexidade do mercado imobiliário e os seus determinantes.
Real estate prices were the chosen theme for the preparation of this Master's Final Paper. The analysis is about the countries that belong to the European Union. The object of study is to understand the evolution of real estate prices and which determinants most influence their behaviour between 2000 and 2017. In order to better understand the real estate market and to know the already made studies, a literature review was elaborated to suport also the research of this dissertation. Social and economic determinants were chosen and correlated with the real estate prices índex, using a Multiple Liner Regression model. The main results point to determinants, such as the financial crisis or the ECB's policies as very significant, as well as the public dept and the unemplyment rate, among others. The study's findings are in the direction of previous studies and serve to a purpose of strengthening the information about the complexity of the real estate market and its determinants.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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Juan, He. "China's real estate policies and real estate market responses." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/r3/juanh/hejuan.pdf.

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5

Melnikova, Yulia. "Spanish Real Estate Market Analysis." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-259902.

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At the beginning of 2000-ies the real estate market of residential property in Spain considered to be one the most popular and fast-growing real estate market in Europe, which attracted a great number of investment into the country and thus contributed greatly to the development of the national economy of Spain. However, because of the economic crisis in the country, residential real estate market collapsed significantly. At the present time, the Spanish real estate market of residential property market is recovering from the recession to the pre-crisis level as the prices for residential real estate property has started increasing due to the high demand for it. All this factors positively affect the national economy of Spain. In order to obtain the major aim of the thesis, it is crucial to conduct a retrospective overview of the residential real estate market of Spain before the crisis and provide a bene-ficial real estate market analysis of the current situation on the market of residential proper-ty.

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Chovanec, Roman. "The Prague Real Estate Market." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15645.

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This thesis is an analysis of the major segments of the real estate market in Prague. It covers office, retail, industrial, hotel and residential real estate and the investment market behind these segments predominantly from the perspective of an institutional investor. In the thesis, theoretical fundamentals behind real estate development are connected to the present state of the market. The thesis provides an overview of the supply and demand, prices, yields, vacancy rates and major trends or developments in each segment. The analysis of the present state of the market is also connected to the economic crisis. The thesis covers both the reasons behind the depressed and dormant state of the market and emerging trends into the years ahead.

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Murray, Beniam 1968. "U.S. opportunistic investment in European real estate." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32209.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-85).
This thesis will look at the investment activities of US real estate opportunity funds after the collapse of the late 1980's and early 1990's and how their strategies have evolved over the last decade. It will investigate the strategies that these funds are currently employing in the attempt to maintain their high yield mandate and in particular will study issues affecting US capital flows into high yield European real estate investments. The body of the thesis will have four major sections. The first will investigate the history of US real estate opportunity funds and the economic conditions in the US and Europe that led to their creation. The second part of the thesis will describe what opportunity funds are and how they structure themselves legally, their capital structure and fees. This section will also attempt to describe deal types which opportunity funds have used to achieve their returns in the past. The third part of the thesis will describe the four largest economies in Europe from an economic, real estate, lease contract and taxation policy perspective. The fourth part of the thesis will build on the previous three and raise issues that will affect US opportunity funds that choose to invest in Europe.
by Beniam Murray.
S.M.

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8

Cercone, Michael. "Real estate auctions as a market-clearing mechanism for repossessed real estate." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65027.

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Chane-Teng, Xavier, and Cecile Manni. "Investigations on the real estate market." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1782.

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Title: Investigations on the real estate market, what are the main factors influencing the performance of the French Real Estate Investments Trusts?

Problem: In 2003, the French government implemented a new tax-exempt structure in the real estate market. Like REITs in the United States, SIICs are listed French companies that aim to improve the performance of real estate stocks on Paris Stock Exchange. The problem consists of determining the performance of the SIICs’ portfolio, identifying the major influences of economic factors and capturing financial behaviour in asset portfolio management.

Purpose: Recently, the subprime crisis has largely brought out uncertainty of financial actors in the real estate sector. In this context, we try to apprehend the performance of these specific

SIICs investment vehicles related to financial, economic and managerial influences, by quantifying their stock performance in a five-year time frame.

Methodology: A deductive approach guides our thesis to emphasize our research question. Our business strategy entails positivism and objectivism considerations and relies on a case analysis research design using the multifactor model. Besides, the data collection process is following a quantitative approach of twenty chosen French SIICs between 2003 and 2007.

Result / Conclusion: Even if the multifactor model used by the authors may be viewed as unspecified, useful results can still be extracted and analysed. The hotel & LDG sector slightly performs better than others depending on the strategy of investment and the state of economy. Long-term interest rate acts as the principal explanatory factor. Investors do not necessarily respond in favour of the general market confidence indicator.

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Ribli, Johanes 1971. "Greater Jakarta--real estate market outlook." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69391.

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Yavar, Alexander, and Victor Öfverberg. "Flippers on the real estate market." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189265.

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En flippers roll på marknaden avser individer som köper bostäder- och fastigheter, antingen på den nya marknaden eller på eftermarknaden, i syfte att tjäna på bostäderna och därmed aldrig flytta in i dem. Deras investeringar kallas för spekulantköp och har blivit vanligare de fem senaste åren. En flippers effekt på bostads- och fastighetsmarknaden är att dem skapar och påverkar marknadens prissättning. Denna studie har använt en induktiv forskningsmetod som kombinerar litteraturstudier och en empirisk ansats i form av intervjuer. Det har gjorts tre intervjuer med Boklok, Abacus och Järntorget bostad. Även intervjuer med FMF och teoretiker Hans Lind. Flippers investerar som mest i centrala Stockholm enligt antydning från FMF och är aktuella på båda marknaderna: den nya marknaden och eftermarknaden. Generellt finns ingen negativ syn på flipping, men farhågor existerar kring hur affären görs och i vilken utsträckning den kan påverka andrahands köpare och vad som skulle hända om marknaden vänder – och då hur konsekvenserna av flipping lägger sig hos byggherrarna. Resultatet visar att flipping kan medföra negativa konsekvenser i köpprocessen vid nyproduktion som medför störst risk om marknaden svänger, samt hos andrahandsköpare som kan få problem efter tillträde då flipping gjorts under felaktiga premisser.
A flippers role in the market refers to individuals who purchase real estate, either in the new market or on the after market in order to serve the housing and thus never move into them. Their investment is called speculator investments and has become more common the last five years. A flippers effect on housing and real estate market is that they create and affect market pricing. This study has used an inductive research method that combines literature and an empirical approach representing interviews. There have been three interviews with real estate companies: BoKlok, Abacus and Järntorget Bostad combined with interviews with FMF and theorist Hans Lind. In Sweden, Flippers are investing most in central Stockholm, according to hints from the FMF but are current in both markets. Generally there are no negative view of flipping, but concerns about how business is done and to what extent it can affect other hand the buyers and what would happen if the market turns - and the consequences of flipping folds of the developers. The result shows that flipping can have negative consequences in the buying process of new construction when it is it brings the greatest risk of market swings, and of second-hand buyers who might have problems after admission if flipping was done under false pretenses.

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Byun, Joon Ho 1965, and Tommy Shih-I. 1973 Chao. "The securitization of the real estate market in Korea : future impacts to the Korean real estate market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64906.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-68).
The real estate policy of the Korean government had until recently only focused on restraining speculative investment in the real estate market, which was the prevalent consensus in the country in the 1970's and the 1980's. These strict measures in the real estate market have been a serious obstacle to the government, in their active efforts to gain foreign capital in order to overcome the economic crisis since the International Monetary Fund $55 billion bailout to the Korean government. During the Asian crisis, both large institutional companies and small businesses went bankrupt due to financial distress caused by over-leverage. Consequently, the government has changed the paradigm of real estate policies on the basis of a free market principle, and has completely opened the real estate market to foreign investors in order to solve some of the current financial problems and to provide a momentum to redevelop the Korean economy. As part of the ongoing effort to stabilize the Korea economy, securitization in the real estate market is inevitable. In this thesis, the securitization efforts undertaken by the government will be examined to infer their future impacts on the real estate market of Korea. With the first issuance of asset backed-securities (ABS) by the Korea Asset Management Corporation (KAMCO), a resolution trust formed by the Korean government to liquidate non-performing loans, the outlook of the Korean economy is positive yet with a degree of uncertainty. In addition, the introduction of mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and real estate investment trusts (REITs) could have a profound effect on the Korean financial markets.
by Joon Ho Byun and Tommy Shih-I Chao.
S.M.

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13

Cronje, Pierre. "The behaviour of real estate actors and cyclicality in the Real Estate Market." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31495.

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The proposed research aims to gain a better understanding of the information inefficiencies in the real estate investment milieu through the exploration of the behaviour of real estate actors. The supposition is that a better understanding of the real estate actor behaviour in the context of market cyclicality should add to the body of knowledge on the pro-active mitigation of real estate investment losses. The exogenous factors causing market cyclicality such as the sub-prime mortgage crises of 2007/2008 is used analogously to an independent variable with the focus on the behaviour and interrelation of real estate actors or endogenous causes of market cyclicality. A phenomenological approach in the context of constructivist ontology is followed in a connected mixed method research strategy, i.e. a quantitative to qualitative sequential explanatory design to explore the behaviour of the real estate user, - developer and - investor. The quantitative data analysis takes the form of descriptive statistics of office vacancy rates, - areas and - capitalisation rates of seven nodes in Cape Town. Although inferential statistical methods, such as the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis Test, linear tend analysis and measures of linearity are used it is still used in the form of descriptive statistics to understand phenomena and extrapolate results to other situations. Qualitative data are collected through semi-structured interviews and analysis is done with Giorgi’s descriptive phenomenology approach to synthesise a general psychological structure based on the constituent of the participant’s experience. The study found that regular periods of over- and underbuilding in the real estate market may be influenced by the real estate actor because of the bounded nature of information and bounded capability of the actor. Real estate actors display behaviour actively avoiding the negative impact of market cyclicality through the use of agency. An agency based model is developed through this study showing that the real estate actor use specialisation to confine the unknown nature of information and to liberate the bounded ability of the real estate actor through working the network, engaging the network and signalling.

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Ho, Man-suen, and 何敏璇. "Speculative bubbles in the real estate market." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251663.

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Ho, Man-suen. "Speculative bubbles in the real estate market /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25949391.

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Khaled, Fawaz. "Credit default and the real estate market." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14478.

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Evidence from various countries over the past two decades proves that swings in house prices have been concomitant with financial instability. The history of financial crises shows that the six biggest banking crises in advanced economies were accompanied by housing busts. Despite the abundance of literature on the forces behind the financial crisis, and in particular studies investigating the connections between financial stability and disturbances in the real estate market, fundamental questions still wait for convincing answers, such as: (i) To what extent is regional heterogeneity in property price increases reflected in dissimilarity in the evolution of credit default? (ii) What role do borrower-related factors such as housing affordability and household indebtedness, and financial market-related factors such as financial developments, play on the growth of bad loans as a main concern for banking sector? (iii) To which extent do banks’ lending behaviour and property prices undermine the stability of the banking sector, and what are the directions of causality between credit defaults, property prices and banks’ lending behaviour? The goal of this thesis is to investigate these issues and explain the practical implications of the findings. This thesis contains three empirical essays. The first essay explores the nexus between house prices and non-performing loans (NPLs), concentrating on the extent to which geographical variations in house prices are translated into regional variations in credit defaults. The stochastic dominance approach has been used for this purpose, with 372 individual US banks. The stochastic dominance analyses disclose symmetric behaviour between NPLs and the scale of house price increments. The essay is further extended by employing Arellano and Bond’s (1991) GMM model to explore the effect of GDP, unemployment rates, lending interest rates and house prices on the growth of NPLs. The outcomes of the GMM estimations reveal a high explanatory power of economic growth, unemployment and lending interest rates on NPLs. In an additional analysis, a generalised panel threshold model is estimated to check for the presence of a threshold point, above which different impacts of house prices might be found. The threshold model specifications provide a threshold point, in relation to which two different impacts of house prices on the evolution of NPLs are estimated. A general consensus in the literature attributes credit defaults to a wide-ranging spectrum of drivers that take into consideration borrower-related factor, lender-related factors and factors related to financial and real estate markets. The second essay attempts to answer the second question mentioned above, by investigating the impact of borrower-related factors, lender-related factors and financial market-related factors in driving NPLs. The impact of these factors on the evolution of impaired loans is explored by estimating fixed effect models then the analysis is extended to dynamic models using the GMM procedure on an annual balanced panel dataset. Household vulnerability, financial developments and housing affordability are found to be significant contributors to the growth of NPLs. The interaction mechanism between the real estate market and the financial system has often been blamed for being the root of financial crises, through the accumulation of housing market bubbles that leads to the ultimate collapse of the financial markets. The third essay, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag technique, looks for the presence of cointegrating relationships between mortgage defaults, property prices and bank lending in Hong Kong. Our findings reveal evidence of cointegrating relationships between bank lending, property prices and mortgage defaults in the long term, which governs the correction mechanism between these variables. These outcomes call for more effort to be devoted to maintaining a balanced relationship between these factors. The essay also finds evidence of short-term dynamics between these variables. Importantly, loan-to-value is found to play the most effective role in curbing mortgage default risk in the portfolios of the Hong Kong banking sector.

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Zhang, Shiyu. "Relationship Between Real Estate Market and Stock Market in China." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1376.

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This paper studies the price fluctuation from 2010 to 2016 of two major assets in China: real estate and stock. Equity price is found to Granger cause stock price while the reverse relationship is significant but less strong. The paper then studies whether the nature of the correlation depends on the type of city under consideration. This is achieved by grouping 25 cities into four city tiers based on their level of economic developments and conducting a linear causality test on each city tier. Housing price in first tier cities is found to be much more significantly correlated with stock price. Larger and more developed cities tend to have a stronger correlation with stock than smaller and less developed ones. In addition, the paper also studies the impact of the Chinese government’s recent home purchase restriction on the relationship between the two asset classes. However, the results are contradictory and are not consistent with expectation. The lack of significant results could be contributed to the inherent limitation of our data, as well as the complicated and sometimes confusing policy announcement mechanisms in China.

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18

Kiura, Takayuki 1965. "Finance matters in the Japanese real estate market : interaction between finance and real estate ownership." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32189.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-107).
Finance does not matter in perfect and efficient markets. Based on neoclassical economics, financial capital is always perfectly priced, and all investments are completely valued in frictionless markets. In the real world, however, finance does matter, especially in the real estate market, which is relatively imperfect and inefficient. There are several phases through which funds flow into real estate. Among others, the interaction between the financial market and real estate investors is crucial. The financial market provides funds to investors. An efficient financial market will value real estate investments perfectly, but an inefficient financial market will not. Thus, the cost and availability of capital for investors are important factors that shape the real estate market of each country. The profile of real estate investors is also important. Inefficient investors can misdirect funds, even if the financial market is relatively perfect. The primary objective of this paper is to unveil the inefficient relationship between the financial market and real estate investors in Japan. This relationship is one of the reasons why land prices and space markets boomed and then collapsed in the late 1980's and early 1990's. Later in the paper, I will present an alternative model of the real estate market, and make several simulations under the model.
by Takayuki Kiura.
S.M.

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Gejler, Jacob. "Financial innovation in the public real estate market : How to exploit arbitrage opportunities in public real estate pricing due to investment approach differences between the real estate market and the capital market." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-123769.

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As the stock market is volatile and often short-term, there is a high demand for safe investments outside the stock market and institutional investors like pension funds, insurance companies and asset managers are increasingly searching for low-risk investments that can deliver safe returns. Alternative investments, like real estate, are a popular way to invest institutional capital. However, debates whether pension savers should have the right to transfer their pension capital without restrictions and discussions about the suitability of institutional investors to own real estate directly has made liquidity a more important aspect when investing institutional capital. Forecasts and expectations suggest that a large part of Sweden’s public real estate portfolio, such as schools, hospitals and nursing homes, will be sold or produced privately as new builds in the future. Earlier studies have also shown that this type of real estate, with long leases and reliable tenants, is suitable for securitization, that is to say for issuing tradable securities such as bonds based on the cash flows from such assets. The high demand for institutional capital to find safe and liquid investments and the large future divestment of public properties create opportunities for financial innovation. This thesis aims to research if there are arbitrage opportunities to exploit due to differences between the real estate market and the capital market in the pricing of public real estate. The thesis will also examine the possibility of setting up a fund structure to profit in practice from these opportunities and study what the business model of such a firm would look like.

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Wan-yu, Yueh. "The development of private housing market in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and its impacts on the Hong Kong housing market." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B24533531.

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Nordström, Louise, and Sofie Karlssson. "The Swedish Real Estate Market and Macroeconomic Factors." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1201.

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The real estate market has been of great interest since the rise in home foreclosures in

US, which started in the late 2006. The purpose of this thesis is to examine a possible

relationship between the factors presented in DiPasquale and Wheaton’s (1996) model

which explains the market linkages between the property market and asset market, and

the Swedish real estate companies listed on the Swedish stock market OMX. The real

estate stock market is, divided in to groups of 3, which represented the dependent

variable. The repo rate, CPI, expected inflation, macro index, disposable income, GDP

and a real estate price index are the explanatory variables. Stockholm Stock Market All-

Share Index (OMXSPI) is also included as a possible explanatory variable.

The main findings in most of the estimations for the groups and years, is that the

OMXSPI is of significance at the 10 percent level. The other variables did not show any

significant result based on the 10 percent significance level,

According to the results it seems like the volatility has increased over time in the real

estate stock market with respect to the OMXSPI. That is; the risk has increased

significantly from the period 1996-1999 to the later periods.

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Katzler, Sigrid. "Risk diversification in the Swedish real estate market /." Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-521.

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Zhu, Banglong. "The Chinese Real Estate Market and Its Risk." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/322099.

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Dalton, Oscar Leonard, and Harold Raymond DeMoss. "Foreign investment in the Atlanta real estate market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73295.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1988.
Vitae.
Includes bibliographical references.
by Oscar Leonard Dalton, III and Harold Raymond DeMoss, III.
M.S.

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Evans, William R. (William Richard). "Canadian investment in the U.S. real estate market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73304.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1989.
Title as it appeared in M.I.T. Graduate List, Sept. 1989: The Canadian developers investment in the U.S. real estate market.
Includes bibliographical references.
by William Richard Evans.
M.S.

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Dunne, Mark W. (Mark William), and Robert G. Mayhall. "Foreign investment in the Phoenix real estate market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73296.

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Zhai, Chuan. "Chinese institutional investment in U.S. real estate market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101317.

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Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 64).
Followed by huge amounts of small real estate investments from wealthy Chinese individuals, large institutional investors, like well-known insurance companies and developers, also started to step into the U.S. real estate market to make large profit since 2013. Apparently, the strong economy and relatively steady real estate market are the major attractions for both individual and institutional investors all around the world; however, compared with individual investors who care more about return and immigration, Chinese institutional investors focus more from the strategic standpoint especially when the current U.S. real estate market has such relatively high price and possibly would face another round of depression within a few years. This thesis will first look at all transaction details of large-scale real estate investments in major American cities to uncover the similarities and differences in terms of product types and geographic areas. And then, many reasons for the strong investment trend will be discussed on both macro- and micro-level. In addition, through interviews and literature reviews, specific real estate products, strategies, and investment methods will be discussed for each type of institutional investors. Finally, this thesis will compare Chinese institutional real estate investment nowadays with Japanese investors in the 1980s to find out the similarities and differences, and most importantly, what Chinese can learn from Japanese investors' failure and what is a good way to participate in the U.S. real estate market.
by Chuan Zhai.
S.M. in Real Estate Development

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Li, Heng S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "A price prediction method In real estate market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103843.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 71-75).
Current housing price prediction usually employs hedonic or repeat-sales models. The objective is to build a statistical model which is more focused on statistic methods. Neither ordinary nor regularized regression model haven been applied to the field of real estate, even though they are rather well-known statistical procedures. This thesis concludes lots of ordinary and regularized regression models. A theoretical review was performed for these models, and Boston Housing data was used to evaluate their performance. The results were found to be reasonable, from a statistical perspective.
by Heng Li.
S.M.

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29

Mayo-Smith, James French. "Sourcing off market commercial real estate acquisition targets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106755.

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Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-70).
Sole sourcing, or acquiring grocery anchored properties that are marketed to only a few prospective buyers, is favorable to general partners, who will oversee and run the property, because it increases their chances of acquiring the target. Furthermore, this is beneficial to their limited partners who have provided meaningful sources of capital in order to acquire the property. The hypothesis is that by tracking outstanding commercial mortgage backed securities (CMBS) loans coming due in the next several years, collecting data on current owners/borrowers, attempting to understand their wants and needs at asset and portfolio levels, and providing solutions to their circumstances while effectively marketing to engage existing owners of grocery anchored retail real estate assets in US metro markets with favorable demographics, one can increase the likelihood of closing off market transactions with prospective sellers while not using brokers through a system that is replicable across various real estate property types. The conclusion is that evaluating CMBS loan maturity and other data-driven advances to sole source deals are currently underutilized in the market. Currently, firms must first define an investment thesis internally. Next, the team should gather property and owner names of target markets and submarkets that fit the established investment criteria. Analyzing owners' portfolios, fund lives, and tenant expirations builds understanding behind events that trigger property sales. Furthermore examining CMBS loan maturities and outstanding property-level debt should be analyzed when targeting properties, but this strategy has not been as widely adopted as it will be in the future. Building and establishing relationships in the market will remain critical and marketing directly to brokers and owners is essential. This is believed to be a replicable strategy across markets to source off market deals of grocery anchored retail centers today. In the future, data-driven acquisition targeting is expected to increase. Firms that adopt these strategies, in conjunction with proven methods utilized today, will be better positioned to source and close off market acquisition.
by James French Mayo-Smith.
S.M. in Real Estate Development

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30

Zhou, Ye S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Foreign institutional investment in China's real estate market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123585.

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Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 51-53).
The Chinese real estate market has been growing rapidly over the past decade and has become a popular destination for foreign institutional investors (FIls) including both the public and private entities such as sovereign wealth funds, pension funds, equity funds, banks and insurance firms. An increasing interest from global investors has been observed recently. The total property transaction volume of foreign institutional investment in mainland China set a new yearly record in 2018 and a new quarterly record in the first quarter of 2019. The main objective of this study is to identify the investor universe and the investment patterns of different types of FlIs in China's real estate market. Thorough analysis of the actual transaction data is performed to understand the investment behaviors and preferences in each major property sector including office, retail, industrial, apartment, hotel and site development. Company profiles and a few selected cases formost active investors in the market are reviewed to analyze the investment strategies. This research finds that institutions from the United States and Singapore have dominated the foreign investment field. Equity funds and investment managers are the most active players among all types of FIls. While the office sector is the most popular type, prime retail assets also have a few loyal followers. The development site lost it attractiveness but the industrial and the rental apartment sectors received tremendous attention in recent years. Following their investment guidelines, FIls demonstrate different risk tolerances by the investor type and also adopt various investment strategies for different property types. The study also provides analysis of future investment trends in the selected promising sectors and regions. The investment risks are assessed for FIIs who have been or will be in the Chinese real estate market.
by Ye Zhou.
S.M. in Real Estate Development
S.M.inRealEstateDevelopment Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate

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Maier, Gunther, and Shanaka Herath. "Real Estate Market Efficiency. A Survey of Literature." Institut für Regional- und Umweltwirtschaft, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2009. http://epub.wu.ac.at/402/1/document.pdf.

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In this paper, we discuss the question whether or not the real estate market is efficient. We define market efficiency and the efficient market hypothesis as it had been developed in the literature on financial markets. Then, we discuss the empirical evidence that exists concerning the efficiency or inefficiency of financial markets, usually seen as the reference markets as far as market efficiency is concerned. In a separate section, we turn to the real estate market. There, we define the real estate market and discuss various aspects that are decisive for the efficiency of that market. As it turns out, the result found in the literature is inconclusive. Majority of studies provide evidence supporting inefficiency of the real estate market while several studies maintain the notion of real estate market efficiency.
Series: SRE - Discussion Papers

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Yang, Changyu. "Systematic Mispricing: Evidence from Real Estate Markets." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1563272643127727.

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33

Luo, Yun, and 骆韵. "The impact of real estate market transparency on the linkages between direct and indirect real estate." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193467.

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Global investors often invest in publicly traded indirect real estate (IRE) such as Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) and listed property companies rather than physical real estate asset in order to get exposure in foreign real estate markets for a number of reasons that mainly originated from the high transaction cost in the direct real estate (DRE) market. However, in reality IRE is not a perfect substitute of DRE and that the substitutability between IRE and DRE varies across markets. Very little is known about the factors that contributed to the variation. One possible contributing factor is the variation in the degree of real estate market transparency across markets, which is seldom examined in the previous studies. This thesis provides empirical evidence on the impact of real estate market transparency on the linkages between IRE and DRE. This study examines two aspects of IRE-DRE linkages, namely, return (first moment) linkages and volatility (second moment) linkages. This thesis uses style analysis to measure return linkages and variance decomposition to measure volatility linkages. After that, the correlations between IRE-DRE linkages and Jones Lang LaSalle (JLL)’s global real estate market transparency index will be examined. The empirical results show that the JLL global real estate market transparency index does have a positive impact on the linkages between IRE and DRE, especially on the volatility linkages. In addition, regulatory and legal transparency sub-index as well as real estate transaction process transparency sub-index have the strongest impact on both return and volatility IRE-DRE linkages. A highly-developed legal system as well as consistent regulatory enforcement (as measured by the degree of fairness treatment towards both domestic and foreign investors) ensures that real estate investors’ rights are well protected and thus the values of the underlying real estate asset are reflected in the IRE, which strengthens the IRE-DRE linkages. In addition, having a well-functioning regulatory and legal framework also means that DRE market transaction information is reliable which can be used for more accurate valuations. This assists investors in valuing the IRE based on their audited financial statements and thus strengthens the IRE-DRE linkages. Real estate transaction process transparency refers to market transparency in both pre-sale and spot real estate market. The presale market is essentially a forward market. Price information in the spot market can assist investors in assessing the future prospect of IRE and thus facilitates the price discovery process between the IRE and DRE. High transparency in the presale market therefore lead to stronger IRE-DRE linkages. The findings of this study provide several implications for global investors and local policy makers. Though emerging markets, which have low market transparency, are playing a more and more significant role in international real estate investment portfolios, global investors should understand the limitation of investing IRE as a means to gain exposure in DRE since the IRE-DRE linkages are usually weak in emergent markets. On the other hand, policy makers should spend more efforts to increase real estate market transparency if they wish to attract investments from global investors. In particular, policy makers should aim at improving the regulatory and legal framework as well as enhancing the transaction process transparency.
published_or_final_version
Real Estate and Construction
Master
Master of Philosophy

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Rännar, Axel, Daniel Wignell, and Victor Hrelja. "How real estate firms non-market strategies shape competitive landscapes in the private real estate sector." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-48254.

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35

Isberg, Ofelia. "Is there a Future in Real Estate? : Incorporate Futures Contracts within the Swiss Real Estate Market." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-211130.

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In the past decades, real estate has turned into something more than just a home, it has become an investment. The interest to invest in the real estate market has increased from investors but also from private persons where the demand not only is to find a living but also perceived as an investment to make a profit or reinvest in the future. The demand on the Swiss real estate market has increased from locals but also foreigners that want to invest in the stable and safe Swiss market. The high demand has increased the housing prices, which has raised even faster than the wages, and in turn, limit the possibilities to participate in the Swiss real estate market. It has made people less able to afford to buy a home, and many are forced to take from their pension funds to be able to pay the 20% of required deposit. This creates a risk for the future and puts not only the citizens but also the banks in large default risks since there does not exist an insurance if a price fall would occur on the Swiss market. Many people mitigate the risks by diversification by investing in different assets in the derivative market. The market has seen a trend towards the technology development, which makes it possible to create more creative innovations at the derivative market. The increased interest in real estate and the accessibility of derivate products have led to a demand for real estate in derivatives. This study investigates the possibilities to incorporate real estate within the derivative market, more specific within futures contracts. Futures contracts are standardized contracts between two parts that agree to buy/sell an asset at a future date and price. Real estate in futures is supposed to work in the same way, and to work as an insurance for possible price fall on the market since it can hedge the market by reducing price fluctuations, or as an alternative way to speculate within the real estate market to increase income. Real estate in futures could, in turn, allow a broader target group to participate in the real estate market since it would be a cheaper, easier and faster alternative to investing in than the physical real estate market. The thesis confirms that there is a demand on the Swiss market for an alternative way to invest in real estate. However, the thesis discovers several difficulties with creating the product that should be managed. The thesis examining the subject together with the Swiss leader in online trading, the bank Swissquote. With their expertise in technology, Swissquote has an advantage when creating the product REF.
Under de senaste årtiondena har fastigheter blivit mer än bara ett hem, det har även blivit en investering. Intresset att investera i fastighetsmarknaden har ökat från investerare men även från privatpersoner där efterfrågan inte endast är att köpa en fastighet för att bo i, utan som även ska fungera som en investering för att möjliggöra en vinst eller återinvestera i framtiden. Efterfrågan på den schweiziska fastighetsmarknaden har ökat från lokalbefolkningen men även från utlänningar som vill investera i den stabila och säkra schweiziska marknaden. Den höga efterfrågan har ökat bostadspriserna mer än vad lönerna ökar, vilket minskar möjligheterna att delta i den schweiziska fastighetsmarknaden. Detta då människor inte har råd att köpa ett hem för endast sina löner, många är även tvungna att ta från sina pensionsfonder för att kunna betala handpenningen på 20%. Detta har skapat en risk för framtiden, och sätter inte bara medborgarna utan även bankerna i stora risker eftersom det inte finns någon försäkring mot ett prisfall på den schweiziska marknaden. Många mildrar riskerna genom diversifiering i olika tillgångar på derivatmarknaden. Teknologi trenden har gjort det möjligt att skapa mer kreativa innovationer på derivatmarknaden. Intresset för fastigheter och den ökade utbudet av derivatprodukter har lett till en efterfrågan på just fastigheter i derivatprodukter. Denna studie undersöker möjligheterna att införa fastigheter inom derivatmarknaden, mer specifikt inom futures. Futures kontrakt är standardiserade kontrakt mellan två parter som kommer överens om att köpa/sälja en tillgång på ett framtida datum och pris. Fastigheter i futures kan fungera på samma sätt, och det kan fungera som en försäkring för eventuellt prisfall på marknaden eftersom det kan säkra marknaden genom att minska prisfluktuationer, eller som ett alternativ för att spekulera på fastighetsmarknaden för att öka intäkterna. Fastigheter i futures kan även tillåta en bredare målgrupp att delta på fastighetsmarknaden eftersom det skulle vara ett billigare, enklare och snabbare alternativ att investera än på den fysiska fastighetsmarknaden. Studien bekräftar att det finns en efterfrågan i Schweiz för ett alternativt sätt att investera på fastighetsmarknaden. Den upptäcker dock flera svårigheter med att skapa produkten. Studien undersöker ämnet tillsammans med den schweiziskt ledande online banken Swissquote. Med en expertis inom teknik besitter Swissquote en fördel med att skapa produkten REF.

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36

Hagängen, Johan, and Yashar Najafzadeh. "Real Estate Profitability in three European cities : A quantitative study of risk adjusted returns from real estate investments." Thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-5969.

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This is a study of the profitability of three European real estate markets. The returns from real estate investments in Stockholm, London and Paris are compared on a risk-adjusted basis. The study takes the perspective of a corporate real estate investor, an investment bank, insurance company or other actor who whishes to invest in real estate. Real estate consists of land and any buildings or improvements located on the land. The real estate market has a few characteristics that differentiate it from other markets. The planning and construction of buildings is a time consuming process. This makes the supply of real estate slow moving and unable to quickly adjust to changes in demand. Because of real estate’s importance for the economy at large and for society, the real estate markets of most nations are highly regulated by governments. Real estate investments are mostly long term and extensive use of debt is common. The real estate market has a business cycle of its own. These characteristics give rise to numerous investment opportunities for the well-informed investor. The time frame of this study is 20 years in order to cover several business cycles. The source of data is the Investment Property Databank (IPD). The results show that Stockholm is the high-risk alternative and Paris is the low-risk alternative of the three markets in the study. The total return consists of income return and capital growth. The average annual returns ranged from 7.5% in Paris to 11.2% in Stockholm. By including debt the returns of Stockholm and London could be leveraged to approximately 20% per year. Use of debt can also destroy value when the cost of capital exceeds the return on the investment, as would be the case for Paris. No significant correlation between the returns of London and Paris was found, while the returns of Stockholm and London were highly correlated. The risk adjusted returns of the three markets as measured by the Sharpe ratio show that Stockholm is the most profitable market, closely followed by London and Paris being the least profitable market.

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37

Cheng, Shiu-cheong Aaron. "A study of the residential property market in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13570535.

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38

Jeong, Jinbae. "Examination of the rationality of real estate market pricing : focusing on the US office property market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54856.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in Conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2009.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-50).
This study examines whether or not investors behave rationally when they price the U.S. office properties. After reviewing several previous studies on the market efficiency, this paper makes three new attempts: first, we employs the actual information on transactions and rents at the property level to resolve the substitution problems; second, we introduce another pricing method which use gross yields and typical cap rate method; lastly, Shiller Test with those actual data is conducted to determine whether future rental growth can be predicted by both or either of those two pricing methods. The major empirical results can be summarized into the two findings: 1) in the pricing models, the gross yield reflects a property's future rental growth, whereas the cap rate is mostly correlated to the relatively short-term rental growth in the past, 2) in Shiller Test, the future rental growth of a property can be forecasted by the gross yield, not by the cap rate. These findings suggest that although not perfect, investors of the US office properties, at least partially, forecast the future income of the investments, and reflect them into the pricings by means of gross yields rather than cap rates.
by Jinbae Jeong.
S.M.

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39

Wei, Yu-Hua S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "The market of medical office buildings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77128.

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Thesis (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in Conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2012.
Cataloged from department-submitted PDF version of thesis. This electronic version was submitted and approved by the author's academic department as part of an electronic thesis pilot project. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 103).
This paper is to define the demand and supply factors and to develop a system to forecast the future development of medical office buildings. At this juncture of time when the health care industry is facing historical changes due to demographic shift, economic challenges and legislative moves, understanding the market mechanism of medical office buildings that provide easy accesses for medical service to aging population, carry lower costs for health care system, and promote the preventive care in medical practices has never been more critical. Medical office buildings as a real estate product type have unique market and development mechanism. They house medical services and have commercial and retail real estate characteristics. To understand the demand and supply of medical office buildings, health care industry that provide medical services, population consuming medical services and real estate industry develop and manage the physical space need to be observed. By using panel regression to analyze historical economic, population and health care employment data across metropolitan areas, we can establish a system that explains the medical office building market. We further quantify the future medical office building demand based on the forecasted economic data and the model established in this paper. The future development of medical office buildings is intricately tied to many factors including the trends predicating the scale and speed of the development. Using the historical events as guidelines and the system established, this paper presents positive outcomes for the demand of medical office buildings under different scenarios.
by Yu-Hua Wei.
S.M.in Real Estate Development

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40

Sykora, Jiri S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Vacancy durations in the office market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123599.

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Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 49-50).
The durations of other indicators have been researched extensively in real estate studies, primarily the time on market and the duration of residence in housing units. Despite their importance, empirical research on the duration of vacancies is relatively limited and focused mainly on the housing sector. This paper aims to fill this gap and analyze the determinants of vacancy durations in the office sector. The analysis is based on a dataset of individual office suites located in New York City, NY that became vacant between 2012 and 2015. Vacancy durations are a form of time-to-event data and as such can be examined using survival analysis. We present several parametric and non-parametric survival models. Four key characteristics -- unit size, asking rent, building height, and floor number -- are found significant across all model specifications. Specifically, vacancy durations are affected the most by unit size and asking rent. Survival probabilities are found to considerably vary over time, which appears to be driven by variations in employment growth.
by Jiri Sykora.
S.M. in Real Estate Development
S.M.inRealEstateDevelopment Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate

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41

Ghosh, Eva Shah. "Factors influencing the urban real estate market in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11274.

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42

Brown, Christopher Porter, and Timothy L. Brown. "Liquefying risk in the U.K. commercial real estate market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64894.

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43

Smith, Michael John, and Kevin P. Whalen. "Foreign investment in the Los Angeles real estate market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77690.

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44

Cazassa, Eduardo Fernandes. "The Brazilian real estate securitization market: determinants of pricing." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/16652.

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The pricing of Real Estate Receivables Certificates (CRIs) is investigated in relation to the underlying assets and level of guarantees, as far as volume, maturity and rating variables are controlled for. An added average premium of 1.0 p.p. is seen in CRIs, compared with the same maturity and rating debentures. This premium is motivated by two facts: (a) although CRIs follow relative standardization, we find that they can represent different levels of risk and underlying assets; and (b) this lack of standardization leads to different pricing levels for their specific risk characteristics. The different risk levels are perceived by the different guarantees used – for instance, 41% of issuances include personal guarantees of the originators. We conclude that there is a positive difference of returns (the average spread for the inflation-indexed CRIs at issue was 321 bps higher than the market yield curve) being more prominent depending on the segment (premium for the residential and allotment segments) mitigated by the level of guarantees offered. It is possible to verify an average premium of 1.4 p.p. in both residential and allotments. Important issuance characteristics were analyzed as control (volume, maturity, rating grades and origin of the rating agency). Larger and longer-maturity CRIs show a significant lower spread. Residential CRIs show a positive effect (lower spread) when assessed by any rating agency whereas commercial CRIs show a negative effect (higher spreads) simply due to the fact of being rated. The commercial CRIs can also show a positive effect (lower spread) for issuances rated above ‘A’ or if they are assessed by an international rating agency.
Analisamos os determinantes de precificação de Certificados de Recebíveis Imobiliários (CRIs) com relação ao ativo objeto e níveis de garantias, controlando por variáveis de tamanho, prazo e rating. Verifica-se um prêmio médio adicional em CRIs de 1,0 p.p. quando comparados com debêntures de prazos semelhantes e de mesmo rating. A justificativa desse prêmio é analisada em duas frentes: (a) apesar de CRI seguir relativa padronização, encontramos que o papel pode representar diferentes níveis de risco e ativos-objeto; e (b) essa falta de padronização leva a níveis de precificação diferenciados por suas características específicas de riscos. Os diferentes níveis de risco são percebidos pelas diversas garantias utilizadas sendo que 41% das emissões possuem garantias pessoais de originadores (aval ou fiança). Conclui-se que existe, em geral, uma diferença de retornos positiva (o spread médio na emissão dos CRIs indexados à inflação foi de 321 bps superior à curva de juros de mercado), sendo mais preponderante a depender do segmento (prêmio para os segmentos residencial e loteamentos) e mitigado pelo nível de garantias oferecido. É possível verificar um prêmio médio de 1,4 p.p. para os segmentos residencial e de loteamentos. Algumas características das emissões foram analisadas como controle (tamanho, prazo e, por fim, das notas e origem da agência avaliadora de rating). Os CRIs de maior volume e maior prazo apresentam spreads menores. Quanto ao rating, os CRIs apresentam efeitos diversos a depender do segmento. Para CRIs residenciais, o efeito é positivo (redução de spread) caso a emissão seja avaliada por alguma agência de rating, enquanto que para os CRIs comerciais, o efeito é negativo. O efeito pode ser positivo para os CRIs comerciais (redução de spread) em caso de avaliação por agência de rating internacional ou possuir notas de rating superiores à nota ‘A’.

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45

Slavík, Petr. "Chinese Real Estate Market - Current Status, Trends and Prospects." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264508.

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The aim of this work is to describe the phenomena of bubble in the financial, but especially in the real estate market; based on gained information, the current situation of Chinese real estate market is described. This work is divided into theoretical and more practical part. The theoretical part is devoted to the definition of bubble, bubbles in asset market, real estate market bubbles specifics and its causes analysis, identification and implications for the economy. Also, the Japanese real estate bubble is described. The second part describes the evolution of Chinese real estate market and provides overview of the milestones in its evolution. Moreover, it deals with specifics of the Chinese real estate market and explains the factors behind the rise in prices. Further in second part, situation on Chinese housing market is compared with the one in Japan during real estate bubble. Furthermore, this thesis explains how state government can coordinate, regulate and intervene on the market and comes up with short-term outlook.

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46

Johansson, Gustav, and Lukas Kvarfordt. "Determinants of Real Estate FDI on the Swedish Market." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-211142.

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Foreign direct investments, FDI, have been increasing a lot the latest years and a significant part of the total investments made are allocated to the real es-tate industry. This paper is investigating the impact of several di˙erent macro variables on foreign direct investment allocated to real estate at the Swedish market. The objective of the thesis is to investigate what factors that a˙ects the inflow of FDI, i.e. are there any factors that can be used as indicators for an attractive market seen from a foreign investor perspective? This is done by regression analysis on a data set containing monthly data with 146 observa-tions, where the levels of foreign direct investments is the dependent variable and the di˙erent factors are the independent variables. The variables used in the regression are chosen based on earlier findings regarding their impact on FDI, but applied on a developed country. The variables are di˙erent ma-jor macroeconomic variables such as lagged transaction volume, stock market performance, inflation, currency level, interest rate and unemployment. The findings of the regression are that both lagged transaction volume and level of unemployment are significant variables on a 1% and 5% level respectively. The results suggest that investors tend to invest in hot markets and follow each other, plausibly that smaller investors shadows pioneers on the specific market. Level of unemployment was found significant with a negative sign, meaning that when unemployment levels are decreasing, the transaction volume will increase. Seeing decreasing unemployment as a factor for a prospering country, it is plausible that the parameter has an impact on the real estate transaction volume. Variables not found support for are stock performance, inflation, currency levels and interest rate.
Utländska direktinvesteringar har ökat markant de senaste åren och en sig-nifikant del av dessa investeringar I fastigheter. Den här rapporten undersöker inverkan av olika makrofaktorer på nivån av utländska direktinvesteringar på den svenska marknaden. Målet med rapporten är att undersöka om några av dessa faktorer kan användas som indikatorer för hur attraktiv den svenska fastighetsmarknaden är för utländska investerare. Det här har undersökts med hjälp av regressionsanalys på data som samlats på månadsbasis med 146 ob-servationer. Den beroende variabeln är nivån av utländska direktinvesteringar och de oberoende variablerna är de olika makrofaktorerna. De oberoende vari-ablerna är valda baserat på tidigare forskning, variabler som börsutveckling, BNP, nivå på arbetslöshet, laggad investeringsvolym med flera. Resultatet av regressionen visar att laggad investeringsvolym och nivån på arbetslöshet är signifikanta på 1% respektive 5% nivå. Resultatet implicerar att investerare föl-jer varandra, alternativt att de baserar beslut på samma faktorer när de väljer att investera. Arbetslösheten verkar ha någon slags implikation på framtida nivåer av utländska investeringar. Variablerna som inte var signifikanta var börsutveckling, inflation, växelkurs samt reporänta.

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47

Schätz, Alexander. "Dynamics on real estate and emerging markets." kostenfrei, 2009. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-regensburg/volltexte/2009/1311/.

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48

Li, Yunda. "Navigating treacherous waters : U.S. private real estate debt market opportunity and investment strategy under new debt capital market order." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107864.

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Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 68-71).
U.S. commercial real estate debt capital market is experiencing some underlying structural changes. New regulations in banking and CMBS industry have resulted in reduced roles of these regulated lenders in the commercial real estate financing market. Funding gaps appear in the market as regulated lenders pullback from various types of lending. This paper delivers a comprehensive and most updated analyses on the current U.S. commercial real estate debt capital market opportunities and investment strategies. The paper illustrates the current debt capital market landscape, summarizes the key regulation changes that created challenges for regulated lenders, identifies the current dislocations and opportunities in the U.S. commercial real estate debt capital market, analyzes appropriate investment strategies that can capitalize on these opportunities, and finally identifies target investors for each strategy. This paper takes the angles of both investment managers and institutional investors, as it provides insights and analyses for both audience groups.
by Yunda Li.
S.M. in Real Estate Development

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49

Chang, Corater Goretti. "A study of private residential property market in Hong Kong in the 1980s." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13117233.

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50

Sitthiyot, Natthakon. "Risk Management of Small Real Estate Management Firms : The Study of Residential Real Estate Market in Zurich, Switzerland." Thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-48604.

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Real estate is believed to have oscillational patterns and lags from business fluctuation. Leading indicators and certain lags of each cycle enable some degree of forecasting possibility but in the same time increase risk of irrational expectation among real estate companies. Not only the risks from fluctuation and expectation, but also risks from business operation and services should be considered in their risk management. Real estate management company may have different types and degree of risk compared to individual investors. The management of risk of this business operation is also different between sizes of firms, scope of services, geographical location, etc. We hereby examined the risk management of small real estate management companies, operating and servicing in residential property market within Zurich, Switzerland. These specific investment and geographical areas are distinctive in terms of risk exposure and solutions as they have continuously strong demand, various attractive features and distinctive behaviors. Unlike a real estate investor, the real estate development company emerging within these compelling economic attributes is believed to have very low risk. After the semi-structured interview with some executive representatives of these small firms, the results have revealed high level of risk awareness and actively participation to mitigate all possible risks, notwithstanding low level. Even without a person who is specifically responsible for risk management, risk assessment and evaluation have been done exclusively by their executives facilitated by personal contacts and associated institutions.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'European Real Estate Market'

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