Journal articles: 'European Pillar of Social Right'

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Govorova, Natalia. "European Pillar of Social Rights." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS 1, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran2201825.

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Maiso Fontecha, Leyre. "The European Pillar of Social Rights." ERA Forum 18, no. 2 (June 2017): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12027-017-0473-4.

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Aranguiz, Ane, and Miriam Quené. "Is There a Way Where There’s a Will? The Tensions between the Court’s Case Law and the Pillar in Delimiting Transnational Solidarity." European Journal of Migration and Law 21, no. 4 (November 26, 2019): 509–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718166-12340063.

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Abstract European citizenship has often served as a proxy for political visions of far-reaching social integration within the EU. Over the last years, this has been challenged by a number of judgments of the CJEU, which appear to increasingly restrict the access of economically inactive mobile EU citizens to social benefits under the Citizens Directive. By contrast, the more recent European Pillar of Social Rights enshrines the right to a minimum income for all citizens of the Union, regardless of their economic status or the legality of their residence. This article aims to address the resulting asymmetry between the Pillar and the CJEU’s current interpretation of the Citizens Directive, examining whether and to what extent the former could influence the latter. In doing so, it will discuss the background, objectives and interpretation of the Citizens Directive’s right to equal treatment, examine the scope of the minimum income principle contained in the Pillar, and highlight the key differences between the two.

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Sierra Benítez, Esperanza Macarena. "Sostenibilidad social en la industria 4.0. Desafío para la UE-2030 = Social sustainability in industry 4.0. Challenge for the EU-2030." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 12, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2020.5195.

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Resumen: Para 2030, el año en que la Industria 4.0 se establecerá plenamente en la sociedad europea, Europa debe superar grandes desafíos si no quiere perder esa combinación de democracia, derechos sociales y un estado avanzado de bienestar que de alguna manera se ha convertido en su marca registrada. La UE cuenta con dos ámbitos de actuación para afrontar dichos retos: el internacional (acuerdos comerciales, Alianza UE-África, Agenda 2030), y el propio ámbito de la UE (pilar europeo de derechos sociales). Entendemos que es fundamental que los acuerdos comerciales no sólo incluyan cláusulas que aseguren el cumplimiento de unos estándares determinados en materia de medio ambiente y ámbito laboral, sino que así mismo garanticen su efectividad (por ejemplo, mediante la supervisión de la OIT). Igualmente, para asegurar la efectiva aplicación del pilar europeo de derechos sociales, es necesario dotarlo de instrumentos normativos suficientes que garanticen su cumplimiento.Palabras clave: protección social, acuerdos internacionales, pilar europeo de derechos sociales, sostenibilidad social, industria 4.0.Abstract: By 2030, the year in which Industry 4.0 will be fully established in European society, Europe must overcome great challenges if it does not want to lose that combination of democracy, social rights and an advanced state of well-being that somehow has become its trademark. In order to meet these challenges, the EU can count on two lines of action: the international area (trade agreements, EUAfrica Alliance, 2030 Agenda), and the EU itself (European pillar of social rights). We understand that it is essential that trade agreements not only include clauses that ensure compliance with certain standards regarding the environment and work environment, but that also guarantee their effectiveness (for example, through ILO supervision). Likewise, to ensure the effective application of the European pillar of social rights, it is necessary to provide sufficient normative instruments to guarantee its compliance.Keywords: social protection, international agreements, European Pillar of social rights, social sustainability, Industry 4.0.

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Calatrava Lesmes, Olga. "¿Está en cuestión el modelo social europeo?" Revista de Derecho de la UNED (RDUNED), no. 23 (March 14, 2019): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rduned.23.2018.24022.

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Las competencias sociales pertenecen al ámbito delos Estados miembros, sin embargo se puede hablar de un modelosocial europeo que supone una unidad de valores sociales compartidos.El modelo social europeo promueve la ciudadanía social y combinael rendimiento económico, la justicia social y la solidaridad. Lacrisis económica ha erosionado los Estados del Bienestar de los paísesrescatados; se han vulnerado los derechos fundamentales de losciudadanos; y se ha puesto en evidencia a Europa ante su falta derespuesta. Este artículo trata de analizar si es necesario renovar elmodelo social europeo, si las normas de soft law y el método abiertode coordinación (MAC) son acertados y la conveniencia de un nuevoreparto de competencias entre la Unión y los Estados miembros.Asimismo, se hace referencia al nuevo Pilar Europeo de DerechosSociales, anunciado por Juncker en 2015 que se presenta como unaoportunidad para abordar la nueva dimensión social europea. Esfundamental que se garanticen los derechos fundamentales y socialespor los órganos jurisdiccionales en tiempos de crisis económica,de modo que se equilibre lo económico y lo social. Finalmente, sedebe promover la adhesión de la Unión Europea a la Carta SocialEuropea revisada en el marco del nuevo Pilar Europeo de DerechosSociales.The social competences fall within the scope of theMember States, nevertheless we may consider that a European socialmodel implies shared social values. The European social modelpromotes social citizenship and combines economic performance,social justice and solidarity. The economic crisis eroded the welfarestate of rescued countries, infringing citizens fundamental rightsand showing Europe’s lack of response. The present work aims toanalyze the need to reform the European social model, if the softlaw rules and the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) are effectiveand if a new distribution of competences between the EuropeanUnion and Member States is necessary. Furthermore, particularreference is made to the new European Pillar of Social Rights, announcedby Jean-Claude Juncker in 2015, which seems to be an opportunityto address the new European social dimension. In times ofeconomic crisis, it is essential that the jurisdictional organs guaranteethe fundamental and social rights so that a balance between theeconomic and the social areas is found. Finally, the accession of theEuropean Union to the revised European Social Charter should bepromoted within the framework of the new European Pillar of SocialRights.

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Garben, Sacha. "The European Pillar of Social Rights: Effectively Addressing Displacement?" European Constitutional Law Review 14, no. 1 (March 2018): 210–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019618000093.

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An assessment of the ‘European Pillar of Social Rights’ by reference to its constitutional significance – Potential to significantly improve the social output of the EU by addressing the displacement of the Social Policy Title of previous years – Incapacity to redress the constitutional imbalance between ‘the market’ and ‘the social’ in the EU legal order – Continuing displacement of the (national and European) legislator in the internal market and economic governance

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Białobrzeska, Katarzyna. "Przeciwdziałanie ubóstwu dzieci i młodzieży w Unii Europejskiej. Między planowaniem a działaniem." Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji 43, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/pwe.2018.43.09.

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The aim of the article is to examine whether the member states of the European Union guarantee children in poverty the right to specific means of equal opportunities as guaranteed by the European pillar of social rights. A strategy for counteracting poverty based on the A. Giddens’s concept of the ‘social investment state’ was created in the EU. According to this concept, the state should support most of all these social groups which guarantee the highest social advantages. Following this idea, the union strategy for fighting poverty emphasizes the necessity of investing in children from early years of their lives. According to the social investment paradigm adopted by the European Commission, a crucial role in strategies for counteracting child poverty plays early childhood education and care.

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Alexandris Polomarkakis, Konstantinos. "The European Pillar of Social Rights and the Quest for EU Social Sustainability." Social & Legal Studies 29, no. 2 (February 14, 2019): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0964663919829199.

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This article sets out to review the policies introduced by the European Pillar of Social Rights and its accompanying initiatives in light of their contribution to European Union (EU) social sustainability, particularly in comparison with their predecessors. The balance between economic and social policies at EU level has long been tipped in favour of the economic, leaving an atrophic social side a servant of market-based objectives. Social sustainability appeared absent from the European vocabulary, at least in substantive terms, something exacerbated by the effects of the 2008 crisis. The criticisms that ensued led to a resurgence of interest in establishing a socially sustainable Union, crystallized in the Pillar and its accompanying initiatives. Despite their potential, further commitment by the Member States as well as more concrete and legally binding proposals are necessary, for without them this social resurgence might once again surrender to economic hegemony.

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Ryszka, Joanna. "Protection of Social Rights as a Permament Challenge for the European Union." Review of European and Comparative Law 46, no. 3 (August 21, 2021): 109–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.11955.

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Social rights protection in the European Union has undergone significant development. Currently their protection is regulated by relevant treaty provisions and the Charter of Fundamental Rights (Charter), both of a primary law nature, as well as by the non-binding European Pillar of Social Rights (Pillar). The aim of the paper is the assessment of the social rights protection in the EU, and whether all social rights provided in the CFR have their counterparts in the EPSR, hence whether and in what way the EPSR assists the actual exercise of social rights provided by the CFR. Comparing the content of the above-mentioned legal instruments makes it possible to answer the question whether all social rights provided in the Charter have their counterparts in the Pillar. This can help determine whether the latter affects the implementation of the former. If the answer is in the affirmative, it can further allow for determining in what way the principles of the Pillar assist in the actual exercise of social rights provided by the Charter. This is very important taking into account the need for an ongoing response to unforeseen threats, like for example COVID-19. The social aspects of EU integration thus are and will remain a subject of interest in the nearest future.

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Muskaj, Blerina, Joniada Musaraj, and Marco Cilento. "European Union between the Right of Education and Social Integration." Journal of Educational and Social Research 12, no. 4 (July 5, 2022): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2022-0098.

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For the European Union, one of the greatest challenges of recent years is to guarantee quality education for all European citizens. The right to education, training and lifelong learning is enshrined in the first principle of the Europe pillar of social rights, establishing that everyone has the right to quality and inclusive education, training and lifelong learning in order to maintain and acquire skills that enable them to participate fully in society and successfully manage transitions in the labor market. This principle together with others are the guiding light towards a strong, equitable, inclusive social Europe and full of opportunities. Moreover, it is found that todays skills are an indispensable element for affirmation not only in a constantly evolving market, but also after the challenges of the situation created by the Covid-19 pandemic, they are indispensable elements in a global market and in an evolving society. In order for the retraining and development of skills to become a reality for all, as the statements of the European Commission also express, Member States need to collaborate with the social partners and stakeholders, through a process not only of decentralization but also of social integration. This work aims to analyze not only the historical path but also the guidelines of the future of the European Union policy which challenges to carry out reforms in the field of education. Received: 20 May 2022 / Accepted: 30 June 2022 / Published: 5 July 2022

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Reianu, Diana-Gabriela, and Adela Nistor. "The European Pillar of Social Rights: Adding Value to the Social Europe?" On-line Journal Modelling the New Europe, no. 22 (June 30, 2017): 2–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/ojmne.2017.22.01.

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GARBEN, Sacha. "The European Pillar of Social Rights: An Assessment of its Meaning and Significance." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 21 (May 21, 2019): 101–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cel.2019.3.

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AbstractThe European Pillar of Social Rights is a high-profile political reaffirmation of twenty social rights and principles. Its implementation deploys the full EU governance arsenal: regulations, directives, recommendations, communications, new institutions, funding actions, and country-specific recommendations. As such, the static imagery evoked by a ‘pillar’ does not capture the true nature of the initiative, which is dynamic and fluid, wide-ranging, and permeating. An equation of the Pillar with the set of twenty rights and principles it proclaims similarly fails to capture its true significance, which lies in its programmatic nature. Several important measures have already been proposed as part of this new social action plan for Europe, some of which are close to adoption. This Article analyses the meaning of the Pillar and its potential significance, by considering its content sensu largo, and its broader context. It argues that even if the Pillar cannot address all the EU's social failings, it has put a surprising social spin on the Better Regulation Agenda that was threatening to erode the social acquis, it has rekindled the EU's relationship with the International Labour Organization and Council of Europe, and it helps rebalance the EU's output by reviving the use of the Treaty's Social Title.

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Buccheri, Caterina. "LA FORMULAZIONE DEL PILASTRO EUROPEO: QUIALI EFFETTI SUI DIRITTI SOCIALI?" E-REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE LA PROTECCION SOCIAL 3, no. 1 (2018): 215–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/e-rips.2018.i02.12.

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Kilpatrick, Claire. "Social Europe via EMU: Sovereign Debt, the European Semester and the European Pillar of Social Rights." GIORNALE DI DIRITTO DEL LAVORO E DI RELAZIONI INDUSTRIALI, no. 160 (February 2019): 737–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/gdl2018-160003.

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Canalda Criado, Sergio. "The Paradox between the European Pillar of Social Rights and EU Economic Governance: Spanish Reforms to Wage-Setting Institutions and the Working Poor." Oñati Socio-legal Series 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 32–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1011.

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The European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR) was announced as a new platform for advancing social policy in the European Union. Among the principles and rights enshrined in the EPSR, the Commission has included the right of workers to be paid fair wages. However, in the context of EU Economic Governance, the EU country-specific recommendations steer national wage-setting institutions in the opposite direction. The outcomes sought by EU Economic Governance and the EPSR thus produce a paradox. This paper presents the Spanish case as an example of this paradox. More specifically, it assesses the reforms the Spanish Government made to minimum wage rules and the collective bargaining system during the financial crisis. In the end, all those reforms have led to wage stagnation and devaluation, causing an increasing number of working poor. El Pilar Europeo de Derechos Sociales (EPSR) fue presentado como una nueva etapa en la dimensión social de la Unión Europea. Entre los principios y derechos consagrados en la EPSR, la Comisión incluyó el derecho de los trabajadores a un salario justo. Sin embargo, en el contexto de la gobernanza económica de la UE, las Recomendaciones a los países de la UE llevan a las instituciones nacionales de fijación de salarios en la dirección contraria. Por lo tanto, los resultados buscados por la nueva gobernanza de la Unión Europea y el EPSR producen una paradoja. Este artículo toma el caso español como ejemplo de dicha paradoja. Más concretamente, evalúa las reformas adoptadas por el Gobierno español durante la crisis con respecto al salario mínimo y al sistema de negociación colectiva, las cuales han llevado a una moderación o una devaluación de los salarios, favoreciendo el aumento de la pobreza laboral.

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Plomien, Ania. "EU Social and Gender Policy beyond Brexit: Towards the European Pillar of Social Rights." Social Policy and Society 17, no. 2 (January 8, 2018): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746417000471.

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The analysis of EU level social and gender policies highlights uneven developments and concerns over the EU as not (always) beneficial to social progress and gender equality. The EU, although primarily market driven, has developed a range of social policies, with gender equality enjoying a long-standing status as EU's founding value, dating back to the 1957 principle of equal pay for equal work. Yet, sixty years later, social justice objectives and equality between women and men remain to be realised. Social and gender themes have been revived by the proposal to develop the European Pillar of Social Rights, the shaping and implementing of which post-Brexit UK will not take part in. This initiative entails some meaningful developments for social and gender progress. However, its current form and content represents an adjustment to, rather than a transformation of, the unequal European economy and society.

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Jiménez Rojas, Francisco. "Pilar Europeo de Derechos Sociales y Seguridad Social. Pensión de jubilación de trabajador español emigrante temporalmente en Suiza." E-REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE LA PROTECCION SOCIAL 2, no. 6 (2021): 101–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/e-rips.2021.i02.06.

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El Pilar Europeo de Derechos Sociales (PEDS) recientemente proclamado por las instituciones comunitarias, constituye un catálogo de principios asentados en la igualdad de oportunidades y de acceso al mercado laboral, condiciones de trabajo justas y protección e inclusión sociales. Dicho Pilar configura un ordenamiento “de mínimos” que no impide a los Estados miembros establecer normas sociales más ambiciosas. Sin embargo, a nivel comunitario el PEDS no implica una ampliación de las competencias y las tareas que a la Unión le otorgan los Tratados. Uno de los vectores más representativos de los derechos sociales viene siendo, desde hace al menos medio siglo, la coordinación de los sistemas de seguridad social, no sólo desde la propia órbita de la UE, sino también desde el entorno de otros países europeos que no forman parte de la Unión, como es el caso de Suiza, que analizaremos en este trabajo en relación con el cómputo de cotizaciones respecto de la pensión (contributiva) de vejez o jubilación.

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Vesan, Patrik, and Francesco Corti. "New Tensions over Social Europe? The European Pillar of Social Rights and the Debate within the European Parliament." JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 57, no. 5 (May 10, 2019): 977–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12863.

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Ferrante, Vincenzo. "Between health and salary: The incomplete regulation of working time in European law." European Labour Law Journal 10, no. 4 (November 6, 2019): 370–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2031952519886144.

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The European Union competences on health and safety of workplace constituted the legal basis for the 93/104 Directive to be adopted (and for the consolidated text of 2003/88 Directive). The Court of Justice has firmly maintained this approach refusing to take into account the history of international regulation on working time, which links together work and salary in perspective to give the workers the right to fair and equal treatment as regards their working conditions (as has been recently proclaimed also by the European Pillar of Social Rights). Building on these general premises, this article analyses the more recent European pieces of legislation and cases related to on-call time and proposes a new model for the definition of working time in the light of CJEU case law.

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Bell, Mark. "The Principle of Equal Treatment and the European Pillar of Social Rights." GIORNALE DI DIRITTO DEL LAVORO E DI RELAZIONI INDUSTRIALI, no. 160 (February 2019): 783–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/gdl2018-160005.

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Ferrera, Maurizio. "Round Table. From Lisbon to Porto: taking stock of developments in EU social policy: Social Europe 2.0? New prospects after the Porto Social Summit." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 27, no. 4 (November 2021): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10242589211061081.

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The sequence of crises in the 2010s entirely changed the socio-economic context that had inspired the Lisbon strategy in the year 2000. EU policy veered towards austerity and social policy became an ‘adjustment variable’. Since the mid-2010s, however, a slow process of rebalancing has gained ground, culminating in the adoption of the European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR) in 2017. The Porto Summit has confirmed the centrality of the Pillar for a new Social Europe. To appreciate fully the EPSR’s potential, it is necessary to focus not only on binding measures but also on EU incentives and actions aimed at promoting (and partially funding) concrete access to social rights. Especially through the ‘guarantee’ instrument, the EU can play a bigger and more effective role in the sphere of social citizenship, without stumbling into the political obstacles associated with hard law.

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Lasa López, Ainhoa. "Potencialidades del pilar europeo de derechos sociales en la praxis jurisprudencial del juez de Estrasburgo: entre la heterarquía vínculo social-vínculo económico y la disfuncionalidad." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 42 (January 30, 2019): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.42.2018.23650.

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El recurso a los principios de la protección efectiva y la interpretación evolutiva ha generado una prominente casuística de reconocimiento accesorio de algunos derechos sociales de prestación por parte del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos. Paralelamente, el Pilar Europeo de Derechos Sociales, con su objetivo de mejorar la integración positiva del euro sistema, parece ampliar el contenido de algunos derechos sociales contemplados por la Carta de Derechos de la Unión. Siguiendo estas coordenadas, el objetivo del presente artículo es reflexionar sobre el papel del Pilar en la línea argumental de la garantía de la dimensión objetiva de los derechos humanos de la Convención desarrollada por el juez de Estrasburgo.The use of the principles of effective protection and evolutionary interpretation has generated a prominent casuistry of accessory recognition of some social rights by the European Court of Human Rights. On the other hand, the European Pillar of Social Rights, with its objective of improving the positive integration of the euro system, seems to expand the content of some social rights contemplated by the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. Following these coordinates, the objective of this article is to reflect on the role of Pilar in the line of reasoning of guaranteeing the objective dimension of human rights of the Convention developed by the judge of Strasbourg.

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Ancione, Giuseppe. "Fiscal compact ed attuazione del pilastro europeo dei diritti sociali in Italia." E-REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE LA PROTECCION SOCIAL 4, no. 1 (2019): 102–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/e-rips.2019.i01.07.

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Aranguiz, Ane. "Social mainstreaming through the European pillar of social rights: Shielding ‘the social’ from ‘the economic’ in EU policymaking." European Journal of Social Security 20, no. 4 (December 2018): 341–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1388262718820616.

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Implementing fiscal consolidation measures without first considering social stabilisers has led to turn what originally was an economic recession into a social crisis too. The economic and social divergences in Europe have increased to a point where the future of the social dimension of the EU has been put into question. There is however, a provision in the Treaties that obliges the EU to take into account social issues in all its policies and activities, namely, the so-called horizontal social clause enshrined in Article 9 TFEU. The potential of this clause to mainstream the social dimension of the EU and foster balance between social and economic policies has, however, not yet been untapped. The recently launched European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR), which aims at achieving a highly competitive social market economy, brings to the table a number of rights-based objectives along with a number of indicators that might shed some light over the constraints faced by the horizontal social clause. This article aims at unravelling the potential of the horizontal social clause in envisioning parity between the social and the economic and providing a social pillar to the EU. This contribution provides first a legal analysis of Article 9 TFEU and it briefly discusses the problematic behind its poor implementation. Later, the potential of the horizontal social clause is discussed in the light of the current developments in the framework of economic governance. This article also suggests a number of scenarios where social mainstreaming should be duly implemented. It suggests that Article 9 TFEU may have an important role, in particular, with regard to austerity measures when envisioning it together with the EPSR.

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CHAE, Hyung Bok. "Legal Meaning of European Pillar of Social Rights in the Treaty of Lisbon." Inha Law Review : The Institute of Legal Studies Inha University 22, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 461–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22789/ihlr.2019.09.22.3.461.

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Robin-Olivier, Sophie. "Fundamental Rights as a New Frame: Displacing the Acquis." European Constitutional Law Review 14, no. 1 (March 2018): 96–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019618000032.

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Impact of fundamental rights on the social ‘acquis’ – Limited extension of social rights from the integration of the ‘acquis’ into the Charter of Fundamental Rights – How the Charter contributed to the renewed force of the economic freedoms – Shift from fundamental rights to ‘essential principles’ of uncertain nature in the European Pillar of Social Rights – Possible transformation in the approach to social issues through interdisciplinarity

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Jimena Quesada, Luis. "The asymmetric evolution of the social case-law of the Court of Justice: new challenges in the context of the European pillar of social rights." UNIO – EU Law Journal 3, no. 2 (March 12, 2019): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/unio.3.2.2.

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The author highlights the paradoxical evolution of CJEU’s case-law in the field of social rights and how in the past, it has played a praetorian role in a context of implied powers and modest EU primary legal provisions whereas now, it is showing clear self-restraint under explicit competences and an evolved EU primary law [including the Charter of Fundamental Rights (CFREU)]. From this perspective, the author proposes the opening of the CJEU to the new framework of the European Pillar of Social Rights, as part of the broader Turin process for the European Social Charter, through positive judicial willingness (by taking into account the synergies between the EU and the Council of Europe – including the case-law from the European Committee of Social Rights).

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Rogowski, Ralf. "The European Employment Strategy, the European Social Pillar and their Impact on Labour Law Reform in the European Union." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 35, Issue 3 (August 1, 2019): 283–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2019014.

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The article provides a critical account of the impact of the European Employment Strategy (EES) on national labour market policies and labour law systems. It gives an overview of the development of the EES from the 1990s until the introduction of the European Social Pillar (ESP) and analyses its impact in the Member States of the European Union. In particular, it highlights the origins of the EES in debates about European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and examines the importance and the specific nature of the new governance approach adopted by the EES and its significance for labour law reform in the Member States. The article argues that the latest stage in the development of European social policy, associated with the introduction of the ESP, has not led to a change in direction in European social and employment law and policy. Despite its rights-based approach, the ESP merely constitutes the latest stage in the development of the EES and continues in its attempt to prioritize labour market policy concerns in reforming labour law. However, the article also argues that the ESP has potential to be the platform for a proper Social Union.

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Mäkinen, Lauri. "Different Methods, Different Standards? A Comparison of Two Finnish Reference Budgets." European Journal of Social Security 23, no. 4 (October 21, 2021): 360–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13882627211048514.

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According to Principle 14 of the European Pillar of Social Rights, everyone should have the right to adequate minimum income benefits that ensure a life in dignity. Reference budgets have been proposed to monitor this principle. Reference budgets are priced baskets of goods and services that represent a given living standard. At the moment, no common methodology for constructing reference budgets exists; instead, different methods are used to construct them. This study sought to compare the approaches and results of two Finnish reference budgets: one created by the Centre for Consumer Society Research (CCSR), and the second by the ImPRovE project. The purpose of the article is to respond to a gap in existing literature around how different methods for constructing reference budgets impact their outcomes. The two reference budgets offer a strong basis for comparison because they both sought to capture the same living standard in the same context for similar household types (single woman, single man, heterosexual couple, and heterosexual couple with two children), while using different approaches. The results suggest that the two reference budgets arrive at different estimates of what is needed for social participation. Ultimately, we found that the most significant differences between the budgets were housing and mobility costs for the couple with two children due to differences in information bases, selection criteria, evaluators, and pricing. The study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it is one of the first to explore how different approaches to constructing reference budgets affect their outcomes. The results suggest that clear criteria for constructing reference budgets are needed to monitor Principle 14 of the European Pillar of Social Rights.

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Zimmermann, Daniel. "Digital single market - a new impetus on EU social policy?" Central and Eastern European eDem and eGov Days 338 (July 16, 2020): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/ocg.338.21.

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In July 2019 the new president of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, presented her guidelines for the period of presidency 2019-2024. While most proposals perpetuate the current reform agenda, the focus on the social dimension of the single market is remarkable. Von der Leyen has not only announced the full implementation of the European Pillar on Social Rights, but also highlighted new investment in digital competences seen as a key to competitiveness and innovation of the European economy. This paper will discuss whether the dynamics of the digital single market could lead to a new impetus on EU social policy and on European funding of training programmes. Therefore, an overview of significant funding programmes promoting digital skills is given.

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Vesan, Patrik, Francesco Corti, and Sebastiano Sabato. "The European Commission’s entrepreneurship and the social dimension of the European Semester: from the European Pillar of Social Rights to the Covid-19 pandemic." Comparative European Politics 19, no. 3 (January 16, 2021): 277–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41295-020-00227-0.

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Guseletov, Boris. "European Social Democracy in the Post-COVID Period: Importance of Update." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS 21, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran320216976.

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This article presents an analysis of the process of changing the approach of the European social democratic parties to the social policy and employment policy of the European Union in the post-crisis period. In particular, the role of the Party of European Socialists (PES) and its group Socialists and Democrats in the European Parliament (EP) in the development and implementation of a new strategy for strengthening the social sphere, presented by the European Commission headed by J.-C. Juncker at the initiative of the representatives of the PES in it, including the initiative for the creation of the European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR). Various options for coping with the consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic proposed by the PES, as well as the new strategy for the transition to a social Europe put forward by it, are considered.

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GARCÍA VÁZQUEZ, Sonia. "Gobernanza económica y erosión del constitucionalismo social. El Pilar Europeo de los Derechos Sociales: ¿efectividad y contenido mínimo de los derechos sociales frente a las políticas de austeridad?" RVAP 112, no. 112 (December 28, 2018): 135–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.112.2018.04.

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LABURPENA: Artikulu honetan aztertzen dira konstituzionalismo sozialaren gainbehera, austeritate politiken ondorioen kontrola, eskubide sozialen gutxieneko edukiaren eta eraginkortasunaren defentsa, Estatu bakoitzaren Konstituzio Zuzenbidearen eduki garantistarekin lotuta Europar Batasunaren Zuzenbidearen lehentasun-printzipioa modu orokorrean aplikatzearen mugak eta, azkenik, «Eskubide Sozialen Europako Oinarria» izeneko agiriaren eduki mengela, baita horrek EDBren esparruan estandar sozialak berriz ere ezartzeko izango duen eragin urria ere. RESUMEN: Este artículo analiza la erosión del constitucionalismo social, el control de los efectos de las políticas de austeridad, la defensa del contenido mínimo y efectividad de los derechos sociales, los límites a la aplicación general del principio de primacía del Derecho de la Unión Europea en relación con la dimensión garantista del Derecho constitucional nacional y, en última instancia, el endeble contenido del «Pilar Europeo de los Derechos Sociales», así como su improbable impacto en el restablecimiento de los estándares sociales en el marco de la UEM. ABSTRACT: This article aims at providing a comprehensive overview with respect to the erosion of social constitutionalism, the control over the effects by austerity policies, the defense of the minimum content and effectiveness of social rights, the limits to the general application of the principle of primacy of European Union Law in relation to the guaranteed content of national Constitutional Law, and finally, analyses the frail content of the «European Pillar of Social Rights», as well as its unlikely impact on the re-establishment of social standards within the framework of the EMU.

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Didden, Bastiaan M. M. "Cross Border Qualification Problems Between Social Security and Supplementary Pension: More Guidance Needed?" EC Tax Review 29, Issue 2 (March 1, 2020): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2020008.

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The encouragement of the accrual of an adequate retirement income has the attention, not only of national governments, but also of the European Commission (EU Member States have initiated reforms of their pension systems, amongst others to provide an adequate pension income. The European Commission stated in 2017 that as part of social protection, every EU citizen should be entitled to an adequate pension, see: European Commission, Commission Recommendation on the European Pillar of Social Rights, C (2017) 2600 final, 26 April 2017, page 8. The European Commission has already expressed this ambition in its White Paper – An Agenda for Adequate, Safe and Sustainable Pensions, published in 2012, see: European Commission, White Paper – An Agenda for Adequate, Safe and Sustainable Pensions, 16 February 2012, COM (2012) 55, page 12. The broadly supported endeavour to achieve an adequate pension income also implies that a multi-pillar approach is recognized by Member States, whereby not only the statutory pension, but also other forms of retirement savings (such as supplementary pension) has to ensure an adequate income after retirement. With regard to promoting cross border labour mobility, reference can be made to the ‘Europe 2020 strategy’.). In cross border situations, a mobile employee may be confronted with various legal obstacles that may hinder an adequate pension accrual and cross border labour mobility. In this article the so-called cross border qualification problems between social security and supplementary pension will be addressed. It is examined how the three qualification problems are recognized in a European law context and to what extent more guidance can be provided on a European level to eliminate the negative consequences of the present qualification problems. cross border pensions, social security, supplementary pensions, accrual of pensions, qualification, mobile employee, double taxation, mutual recognition, European Pension Register, pension premium provision, soft law

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Polomarkakis, Konstantinos Alexandris. "The UK out, Social Europe in? Rethinking EU social integration in the wake of Brexit." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 69, no. 3 (September 6, 2018): 291–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v69i3.165.

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This article considers the impact of Brexit on the future of Social Europe. Through recourse to key moments in the history of European social integration, where Britain more often than not vehemently opposed any coming together, its role as an important veto player in EU social policy-making is established. With the UK set to leave the Union, the option for further social integration is no longer inconceivable. It is featured as one of the possible scenarios in the Reflection Paper on the Social Dimension of Europe, and recent developments, such as the European Pillar of Social Rights, together with its accompanying initiatives, appear to lay the groundwork towards that. The article concludes that, although the realisation of Social Europe is more likely post-Brexit, there are other Member States willing to take over the UK’s role and act as veto players on their own terms.

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Tetiana, Burlai, Kostrytsya Vasyl, Blyzniuk Viktoriia, and Levin Roman. "The EU's newest social quality policy: a useful experience for Ukraine's post-war reconstruction." Ekonomìčna teorìâ 2022, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 89–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/etet2022.03.089.

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It is substantiated the relevance of adaptation to the conditions of post-war socio-economic reconstruction of Ukraine of modern approaches of social quality policy of the European Union, historically based on the principles of social peace, social equality and justice, social well-being and quality of life of the population. It is shown the expediency of such adaptation in connection with the formation of a clear demand for a stable post-war life in security, welfare and social justice in the Ukrainian society, which suffers from the full-scale military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, launched on February 24, 2022. It is described a new conceptual approach in the construction of national systems of social protection and social insurance, providing for the formation of social pillars necessary for the security of national economies in post-crisis recovery. It is described the content and features of the main approaches of the latest EU policy aimed at improving the parameters of social quality in the development of the member states, aiming to achieve three priority social objectives of the European Union for the period until 2030. It is characterized current institutional components of the current EU development such as the European Pillar of Social Rights, Social Economy Action Plan, Strategy for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2021–2030, the Skills Partnership for the Digital Ecosystem, the Directive on the Adequate Minimum Wage in the EU, etc. in the context of social quality assurance. Characteristic contemporary approaches to improving the social component of the state anti-crisis policy are described. Taking into account contemporary European practices of intensifying social dynamics and proposals of international institutions for post-war reconstruction of Ukraine, recommendations for specific measures of domestic public policy aimed at ensuring social quality of life in the post-war period were developed.

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Orlovska, I. H. "THE EUROPEAN PILLAR OF SOCIAL RIGHTS AS A GUIDELINE FOR THE SOCIAL POLICY OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE EUROPEAN VECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT." South Ukrainian Law Journal 2, no. 4 (2022): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32850/sulj.2022.4.2.7.

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Bednarowicz, Bartłomiej. "Delivering on the European Pillar of Social Rights: The New Directive on Transparent and Predictable Working Conditions in the European Union." Industrial Law Journal 48, no. 4 (November 20, 2019): 604–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/indlaw/dwz021.

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Abstract Chapter II of the European Pillar of Social Rights envisages fair working conditions that are further spelled out in two principles on secure and adaptable employment (Principle 5) and information about employment conditions and protection in dismissals (Principle 7). In order to deliver on this framework, in December 2017 the European Commission presented an ambitious and far-reaching proposal for a Directive on transparent and predictable working conditions in the European Union that would repeal Directive 91/533/EC on an employer’s obligation to inform employees of the conditions applicable to the contract or employment relationship. The proposal, after a series of uneasy negotiations in the Parliament and the Council, and with substantial modifications, was subsequently adopted in June 2019. Against this background, the main aim of this note is to analyse the new Directive (EU) 2019/1152. This piece focuses firstly on the Directive’s nuanced hybrid personal ambit of application. Secondly, it examines its material scope of application and sheds some light on the new set of rights and entitlements available to workers, including novel enforcement mechanisms. Finally, the note provides a critical assessment of the Directive with the aim of unveiling its potential to boost workers’ rights in the European Union, in particular those engaged in non-standard forms of employment, who are especially prone to experiencing precarious working conditions, such as on-demand and platform workers.

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Corti, Francesco, and Patrik Vesan. "Social democracy, Social Europe, and the “post‐Third way agenda”: From the European Pillar of Social Rights to the Covid‐19 pandemic." Constellations 27, no. 4 (December 2020): 608–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.12534.

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Zaccaria, Márton. "Connections between the European Pillar of Social rights and the Hungarian labour law, with special regard to Directive (EU) 2019/1152." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 56, no. 1 (2022): 283–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns56-32567.

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The present paper examines two important and up-to-date topics in labour law. First, the analysis focuses on the general aspects and the significance of the European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR), which is the most recent legal source - except for a couple of directives and regulations based on the EPSR itself - in the social policy of the European Union. It contains several fundamental labour and social rights and one of its main aims is to promote and to strengthen these rights and values throughout the Members States. At the same time, the EPSR is already having an impact on national labour and social law systems in the EU because of some new pieces of labour law-focused legislation. One of these new laws is the Directive (EU) 2019/1152 of the European Parliament and of the Council (20 June 2019) on transparent and predictable working conditions in the European Union that contains very important new norms regarding both the possible broad concept of the "employment relationship" and the workers' fundamental rights. Second, the paper focuses on some relevant questions of the Hungarian labour law as a case study, analysing the possible - and already visible - impact of the EPSR and the aforementioned new directive. The paper tries to answer some questions based on the paper's hypotheses centered on the possible change in the Hungarian regulation and legal interpretation taking into account the EPSR and the already cited directive. The analysis is based on the relevant regulations and laws, and the outcomes of the research focus both on some general remarks regarding the EPSR and the Directive (EU) 2019/1152 joint with the conclusions that can be drawn paying attention specifically to the Hungarian labour law system with special attention to the workers' fundamental rights.

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López Insua, Belén. "LÍMITES AL DERECHO DE ASISTENCIA SANITARIA TRANSFRONTERIZA Y PRINCIPIO DE PROPORCIONALIDAD TRAS LA SENTENCIA DEL TJUE DE 23 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 2020." E-REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE LA PROTECCION SOCIAL 5, no. 2 (2020): 374–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/e-rips.2020.i02.17.

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Health protection is one of the fundamental pillars of the European Union and of the process of social-democratic constitutionalism. The achievement of a Community health care system is now more than ever one of the great challenges for the European community. In spite of these objectives, the European Union has adopted a logic that relies more on an interventionist model than on simple coordination, rather than on a harmonised system for all Member States. Unfortunately, this particular cooperative pluralism has made each of the Community countries competent and responsible for the coordination rules laid down by the Union. In this sense, Directive 2011/24/EU is set as the reference standard to guarantee the right of all European citizens to receive safe and quality healthcare, both in the public sphere and in the private sphere of another Member State. The aim is to guarantee the freedom of movement and movement of persons without damaging health. Today, the right to health care is a fundamental social right of a primary nature, which is linked to the right to life and dignity.

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Benedi Lahuerta, Sara, and Ania Zbyszewska. "EU equality law after a decade of austerity." International Journal of Discrimination and the Law 18, no. 2-3 (June 2018): 163–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1358229118799234.

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This article discusses the evolution of European Union (EU) legislation and policymaking methods during the 10 years since the onset of the financial and economic crisis in 2007/2008. In the EU, this period has been characterized by politics of stimulus, austerity, and recovery. Against the backdrop of longer term developments in equality law, we consider how the crisis context influenced this field’s evolution. Through the analysis of a range of legislative and policy proposals, we show that the progressive softening or hybridization of equality law over this period has gone hand in hand with the stronger articulation of equality objectives in terms of a “business case.” While this approach appears to have enabled the proliferation of policy and legal instruments and expanded the reach of equality law into areas where the EU has limited competence to legislate, it has also elevated instrumental economic goals for action at expense of human rights or social rationales. This longer term tendency is also present in the recently adopted European Pillar of Social Rights, and the accompanying policy documentation, which have been hailed as carrying potential to infuse more coherence and to rebalance the social and economic rationales that the EU integration project has unevenly promoted over the years. Mindful that it is still too early for conclusive judgments, we suggest, however, that the transformative possibilities the Pillar carries are likely to be undermined by its soft and economically oriented thrust.

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Vencius, Tautvydas, Vitalija Gabnytė, and Jekaterina Navickė. "The Benefit non-take-up in the Context of Cash Social Assistance Reform in Lithuania." Socialinė teorija, empirija, politika ir praktika 21 (December 28, 2020): 96–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/stepp.2020.25.

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The purpose of this article is to present the results of cash social assistance (CSA) benefit non-take-up in the context of the CSA system reform in Lithuania. The right to adequate minimum income benefits is one of the 20 key principles under the European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR). Using the tax-benefit microsimulation model EUROMOD we seek to identify all those eligible to CSA benefit and to analyse its non-take-up rates in Lithuania. The analysis for 2016 showed that CSA benefit non-take-up in Lithuania was around 22%. This means that around one fifth of those who are entitled to this benefit do not get it for various reasons. The results show that there are two types of households, with a non-take-up rate exceeding 30%: single person and lone parent households. The dynamics of CSA benefit non-take-up between 2007-2016 were strongly negatively correlated to the annual average number of recipients of the CSA benefit. This makes for a counter-cyclical dynamic of the CSA non-take-up relative to the economic growth cycle. We find some evidence of an increase in the CSA non-take-up rate following the recent CSA reform in Lithuania. Further analysis is needed to distinguish between the effects of the economic cycle and the CSA reform.

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Vandenbroucke, Frank. "To fight poverty and social exclusion, EU law must buttress basic nuts and bolts of the welfare edifice." European Journal of Social Security 22, no. 4 (December 2020): 486–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1388262720974034.

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This article provides a conclusion to the EJSS Special Issue ‘Discussing strategies for Social Europe: The potential role of EU law in contributing to the Union’s policy objective of fighting poverty and social exclusion’. The contributions to this Special Issue raise a fundamental question: why did European governments fail to deliver on their promise, proclaimed with so much emphasis twenty years ago, to reduce poverty in Europe? It is too easy to say that the one and only problem was the non-binding nature of the social objectives of Lisbon and the antipoverty targets of Europe 2020. There is a broader challenge at the EU level, which goes beyond minimum income protection and directly involves crucial nuts and bolts of the whole welfare edifice: when confronted with severe economic and social shocks, welfare states need an adequate stabilization capacity. This implies that the European Monetary Union becomes a true ‘insurance union’. I argue that one should understand the relevance of the European Pillar of Social Rights from this perspective, and I relate that argument to the contributions to the Special Issue.

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Horecký, Jan, and Michal Smejkal. "THE IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL DIALOGUE AND COLLECTIVE BARGAINING IN THE PROCESS OF SHAPING WORKING CONDITIONS." Balkans Journal of Emerging Trends in Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/balkans.jetss.2021.4.1.54-63.

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The article explores the influence and importance of social dialogue and collective bargaining on the formation of working conditions. Social dialogue and collective bargaining are among the basic ways to influence the conditions of work through employees’ representatives and how to represent the weaker party from the point of view of labour law (the interests of the employee). The article points out the fundamental importance of social dialogue in creating an environment of decent work, both in the international environment (especially the competence of the International Labour Organization or the implementation of the European Pillar of Social Rights) and wages or addressing the impacts of COVID-19 pandemics in the national environment of the Czech Republic.

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MALAKHOVA, Tat'yana S. "Assessing the socio-economic situation in European Union member states in the implementation of new strategies and forms of interaction." National Interests: Priorities and Security 18, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 566–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.18.3.566.

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Subject. The article addresses problems related to development of strategies, programs, and forms of interaction between the countries of the European Union. Objectives. The purpose is to analyze socio-economic condition of European Union member States and explore individual strategies, programs, and approaches, aimed at reducing the inequality in the integration group. Methods. The study employs tools of statistical analysis, the historical and logical method, and the method of scientific abstraction. Results. I analyzed indices of the physical volume of GDP per capita, consumer price indices for food products, the level of employment and unemployment. The paper pays particular attention to assessing the level of youth unemployment in the European Union. It investigates the main principles and specific features of the European Pillar of Social Rights. Conclusions. The identified trends can be taken into account in the implementation of new development strategies and programs of the European Union.

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Abrahamsson, Kenneth. "Editors comments Our Common Futures of Sustainable Work - Concluding Reflections." European Journal of Workplace Innovation 6, no. 2 (March 5, 2021): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.46364/ejwi.v6i2.881.

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These concluding remarks are divided into two sections and comprise both an overview of European policies on decent and sustainable work and a bird’s eye's view of the development of Swedish working life research in a European context. The concept of sustainable work has over the years encountered difficulties of being included in the Social Sustainability family. The launching of SDG 8 on Decent Work and Economic Growth with its focus on inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all has given sustainable work a new and stronger position as a vision for good work. The launching of the consultation of European Pillar of Social Rights in 2017 highlights the importance of future of work and welfare systems in Europe. The role of the social dialogue for sustainable and greener jobs are crucial in a future perspective. Sustainable welfare, social protection and social equality are prerequisites for decent and sustainable work. Working life research in Sweden has over the years interacted in various manners with the European policy and research communities. The Swedish National Institute for Working Life, abolished in 2006/07 created several European encounters, early in the new millennium, and the idea of sustainable work did have Swedish roots. Horizon Europe, current research on the Nordic labour market model and various European platforms and networks opens new windows for the social dialogue on the future European workplace. This policy discussion is urgently needed in times of Covid-19, digitalisation, and the Green Deal and pave the way for new European research programmes.

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Roos, Christof, and Laura Westerveen. "The conditionality of EU freedom of movement: Normative change in the discourse of EU institutions." Journal of European Social Policy 30, no. 1 (August 2, 2019): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928719855299.

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Freedom of movement (FOM) in the European Union (EU) has become a highly salient issue in political and public debates. Most of the literature on FOM is heavily focused on the judiciary interpretation of this EU right, or on conflicting attitudes towards FOM within the national arena. However, the EU and its institutions as political actors that define and shape the content and meaning of FOM are largely absent from this literature. If mentioned, EU actors are often depicted as ideological and orthodox defenders of FOM. We argue that this perspective is empirically inaccurate, which leads to skewed theoretical assumptions. It not only overlooks an EU-level discourse on FOM that has changed significantly in recent years but also fails to acknowledge that even fundamental rights and key pillars of EU integration can be subject to discursive change at the EU level. A frame analysis of documents from the European Commission, the European Council, the Council of the EU and the European Parliament from 2004 to 2016 forms the basis of our argument. During this period, restrictionist arguments have increasingly entered EU actors’ discourse on FOM. Viewed almost as an absolute right of EU citizens during the 2000s, FOM during the 2010s has been framed in terms of the conditions underlying the exercise of this right. We conclude that EU actors are engaged in a political debate over what FOM means and that their discourse has shifted to support an increased conditionality of FOM.

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SHOPOVA, Margarita, Tihomir VARBANOV, and Evgeni OVCHINNIKOV. "OPPORTUNITIES FOR ASSESSING THE DYNAMICS AND THE COHESION PROCESS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EUROPEAN PILLAR OF SOCIAL RIGHTS." JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN ECONOMY, Vol 19, No 4 (2020) (December 2020): 677–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/jee2020.04.694.

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The article clarifies the essence of the indicators that characterise the principles on which the European Pillar of Social Rights is built, and the information provision of their statistical survey is presented. Official statistics published by Eurostat are used. The objective internal regularities of the time series for Bulgaria for the period 2005-2018 are established by using the autodetermination coefficient, while the viability of constructing univariate models for forecasting purposes is assessed. A cluster analysis has been applied for 2010 and 2018, as a result of which homogenous groups of EU countries have been established and the factors most significant for their formation have been identified. The survey is a preliminary assessment of both the dynamics of the indicators for Bulgaria and the social cohesion in the EU. The derived results can serve as information and analytical bases both for identifying appropriate methods for convergence analysis and for revealing the possibilities of cluster analysis for its evaluation.

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Unterschütz, Joanna. "Selected Instruments of Collective Labour Law in the Light of the European Social Charter (Revised), the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, the ILO Conventions and the European Pillar of Social Rights." Studia z zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Społecznej 27, no. 1 (2020): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25444654spp.20.006.11722.

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Journal articles on the topic 'European Pillar of Social Right'

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