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Journal articles on the topic 'European integration – Denmark'
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Cajvan, Claudia. "Lessons From Migrant Integration Into European Societies." European View 19, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1781685820913391.
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The article examines the immigration and integration policies of France, Sweden, Germany and Denmark. It argues that there is a need for a more unified understanding of the concept of integration throughout the member states. Although European law does not regulate the issue of immigrant integration as it is a competence of the member states, there is a need for a unified understanding of integration. Denmark’s integration policy is described as an example of an effective policy that ought to be emulated, in contrast to those of other countries. The article concludes that the problems France, Sweden and Germany face in integrating newcomers are partly due to a lack of consensus about what integration ought to be.
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Leśniewski, Leszek. "Integracja gospodarcza Danii, Finlandii i Szwecji z Unią Europejską." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 1 (December 5, 2015): 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2015.1.10.
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This paper explores economic integration of the Scandinavian states (Denmark, Finland and Sweden) with the European Union during the global crisis. The aim of this paper is to present comparative study of different choices made by these countries with regard to the European integration: EMU opt – out clause in Denmark, membership of Finland in the European Monetary Union and derogation for Sweden – and as result different reaction to the financial and economic crises
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HAAHR, JENS HENRIK. "European Integration and the Left in Britain and Denmark." JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 30, no. 1 (March 1992): 77–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.1992.tb00419.x.
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MARCUSSEN, MARTIN. "Denmark and european monetary integration: Out but far from over." Journal of European Integration 27, no. 1 (March 2005): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07036330400029918.
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JØRGENSEN, KNUD ERIK. "Review Article: European Integration as a Field of Study in Denmark." JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 33, no. 1 (March 1995): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.1995.tb00522.x.
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Groenendijk, Kees. "Pre-departure Integration Strategies in the European Union: Integration or Immigration Policy?" European Journal of Migration and Law 13, no. 1 (2011): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181611x558191.
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AbstractSeveral States require immigrants from outside the EU to participate in language or integration courses after arrival. In recent years, some EU Member States made passing a language test (Netherlands and Germany) or participating in a language course (France) a condition for a visa for family reunification for immigrants from certain third countries. Denmark and the UK introduced a similar requirement in 2010. The focus of his article is on three aspects: the political debate, the legal constraints and the effects. Firstly, the development of the pre-departure integration strategies is analyzed. What was the rationale behind the introduction and does is vary between Member States? Secondly, the legal constraints of EU and international law are discussed. Finally, the results of the first studies evaluating this policy instrument are presented. Is pre-departure a good predictor for immigrant’s ability to integrate? Does it actually assist integration, and what are the unexpected or counterproductive effects?
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Olsen, Henrik Palmer, and Michael Gøtze. "Restrained Integration of European Case Reports in Danish Legal Information Systems and Culture." Nordic Journal of International Law 80, no. 3 (2011): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181011x581173.
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AbstractCourt decisions not only serve to end legal disputes between the parties to the case, but also serve as precedents. In that sense court decisions are a source of law. This is common ground as to both national and European court decisions. Noting the existence of a context in which Danish legal information systems only publish case reports very selectively, we argue that although decisions of the European courts, notably European Court of Justice and European Court of Human Rights, are available from the homepages of these courts (CURIA and HUDOC), the fact that these decisions are not part of an integrated dissemination of case reports in Denmark may diminish the regard for these decisions and lead to a relative neglect of European law to the detriment of legal certainty. The article proposes that one explanatory factor in this regard is that the main legal information system in Denmark is influenced by a legal culture which is still predominantly national in orientation. In order to promote awareness of European case law and to improve the quality of legal thinking and practice, we propose that significant parts of this case law should be published in a more suitable way by incorporating it into a comprehensive information system that integrates the promulgation of Danish and European case law.
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Moravcsik, Andrew. "'Is something rotten in the state of Denmark?' Constructivism and European integration." Journal of European Public Policy 6, no. 4 (January 1999): 669–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/135017699343531.
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Butler, Graham. "The European Defence Union and Denmark’s Defence Opt-out: A Legal Appraisal." European Foreign Affairs Review 25, Issue 1 (March 1, 2020): 117–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2020008.
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When Denmark failed to ratify the Treaty of Maastricht in 1992, the heads of state and government meeting within the European Council concluded the Edinburgh Decision that established a number of opt-outs for Denmark, so it could subsequently ratify the treaty. One of these opt-outs was in regard to EU defence matters. Nearly three decades on, the Union is now seeing concrete steps being made across the treaties to deliver on a true European Defence Union. Given these developments, the Danish defence opt-out is coming under increased scrutiny. This article analyses the law, policy, and practice of the Danish defence opt-out contained in Article 5 of Protocol (No 22) on the position of Denmark annexed to the EU treaties, in light of the litany of initiatives that now make up the contemporary European Defence Union. Notably, these developments underscore and rationalize the basis of the EU’s internal market for deeper European integration. Moreover, with only one Member State possessing such opt-out, it is arguably detrimental to overall EU defence interests. This article contends that the time has come for Denmark to forgo its defence opt-out – a legacy of the past – and participate in the complete range of initiatives contributing to these new endeavours that form the contemporary European Defence Union. Denmark, Common Security and Defence Policy, CSDP, Opt-out, EU law, Union law, Protocols, Security Law, European Defence Union.
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ANDERSON, CHRISTOPHER J. "When in Doubt, Use Proxies." Comparative Political Studies 31, no. 5 (October 1998): 569–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414098031005002.
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This article argues that citizens employ proxies rooted in attitudes about domestic politics when responding to survey questions about the European integration process. It develops a model of public opinion toward European integration based on attitudes toward the political system, the incumbent government, and establishment parties. With the help of data from Eurobarometer 34.0, the study tests political and economic models of public support for membership in the European Union in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, and Portugal. The analyses show that system and establishment party support are the most powerful determinants of support for membership in the European Union. The results also suggest that the relationship between economic factors and support previously reported in research on public opinion toward European integration is likely to be mediated by domestic political attitudes.
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OLESEN, Thorsten Borring. "Danes Say No – and Yes: The Maastricht Referendum and its Legacy." Journal of European Integration History 28, no. 1 (2022): 101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0947-9511-2022-1-101.
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When its voters turned down the Maastricht Treaty in 1992, Denmark became the first among today’s EU member states to cast a No vote in a referendum on Euro‐ pean integration. With nine such votes, Denmark has held more referendums on EC/EU matters than any country bar Ireland. Of these, six have resulted in a Yes, while three have produced a No. This article analyses and discusses the role of referendums in Danish EU polit‐ ics and their impact, both in the short and long term, on how Danish EU policy is formulated and conducted. It focuses on the so-called Maastricht-Edinburgh inter‐ mezzo of 1992-1993, namely the process related to the two referendums which re‐ jected Danish accession to the European Union and paved the way for membership on an opt-out basis. The article will further turn its eye towards the European level to view how the Maastricht-Edinburgh intermezzo influenced and set an example for EC/EU politics and policy at the broader European level. In this way, the article may be seen as an apt prelude to the 50-year anniversary of Denmark’s member‐ ship of the EC/EU due to be celebrated - or regretted - in 2022.
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Sørensen, Vibeke. "The Politics of Closed Markets: Denmark, the Marshall Plan, and European Integration, 1945–1963." International History Review 15, no. 1 (March 1993): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.1993.9640637.
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Kjær, Anne Lise, and Lene Palsbro. "National identity and law in the context of European integration: the case of Denmark." Discourse & Society 19, no. 5 (September 2008): 599–627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926508092245.
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Parol, Agnieszka. "Dychotomiczny podział referendów dotyczących integracji europejskiej. Europejskie referenda bottom-up." Przegląd Sejmowy 3(164) (2021): 37–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31268/ps.2021.31.
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One of the permanent instruments shaping the acquis communautaire are national referendums, which, although they have a different legal basis in each country, due to their scope, are combined into a common category of referendums on European integration (European referendums). Followed shortly by revision referendums, membership referendums were the first to appear in the integration process. The said referendums are part of the process of the top-down law Europeanisation. They do not, however, exhaust the catalogue of referendums on European integration, which also includes bottom-up Europeanisation national referendums. Because in each case of referendums it is possible to clearly indicate the type of Europeanisation (top-down, bottom-up) which they implement – it seems that this process may become the basis for the internal diversification of European referendums. The aim of the article is to propose a dichotomous division into European top-down and bottom-up referendums, and to analyse the categories of European bottom-up referendums. Six referendums organised after the TL’s entry into force were analysed. These are referendums that took place in: Denmark, Greece, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Hungary.
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Green-Pedersen, Christoffer. "A Giant Fast Asleep? Party Incentives and the Politicisation of European Integration." Political Studies 60, no. 1 (June 28, 2011): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2011.00895.x.
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Hooghe and Marks recently introduced a new research agenda for the study of European integration focusing on politicisation, that is, the inclusion of mass public attitudes in the politics of European integration. The overall aim of this article is to respond to this new research agenda. Unlike the existing literature, which focuses on Euro-sceptical extreme left or right-wing parties, the article argues that the explanation for politicisation or the lack of it should be found in the incentives the issue offers for mainstream political parties. Denmark serves as a crucial case study to show the limitations of the existing literature and the need to focus on the incentives of mainstream political parties. Empirically, the article argues that expectations about the impending politicisation of European integration are misplaced. The giant is fast asleep because those who could wake it up generally have no incentive to do so and those who have an incentive cannot.
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Knudsen, Herman, and Jens Lind. "Is the Danish model still a sacred cow? Danish trade unions and European integration." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 18, no. 4 (October 26, 2012): 381–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258912458863.
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The aim of this article is to describe and explain how Danish trade unions have reacted to European integration since 1973 when Denmark joined the EEC. The authors have earlier conceptualized the orientation of Danish unions towards the European scene rather as foot-dragging and building on the defence of the ‘Danish model’, a model that has been cherished and guarded as a sacred cow. In this article we ask whether this is still the case after the changes that have taken place on the European and the Danish scene during the past decade. The answer is that it is. The article has two sections. In the first section we identify and describe the central features of Danish trade unionism and the Danish industrial relations system (the ‘Danish model’). In the second section we address the attitudes and policies pursued by Danish unions during different phases of European integration.
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Downs, Peter, and Trevor Williams. "Student Attitudes Toward Integration of People with Disabilities in Activity Settings: A European Comparison." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 11, no. 1 (January 1994): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.11.1.32.
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This study examines, in a comparative context, the attitudes of undergraduate students toward the integration of people with disabilities in activity settings. The Physical Educators’ Attitudes Toward Teaching the Handicapped instrument was used to test preservice physical education undergraduates (N = 371) from universities in England, Denmark, Belgium, and Portugal on attitude variables previously found significant in North American research. Mann-Whitney U analysis revealed significant attitudinal differences between the variables of gender, previous experience with disability, and disability classification (physical or learning disability); between cross-cultural influences of the Belgian sample and the English, Danish, and Portuguese samples; and between the English and the Danish samples.
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Danielsen, Jens Hartig. "DENMARK – One of Many National Constraints on European Integration: Section 20 of the Danish Constitution." European Public Law 16, Issue 2 (May 1, 2010): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2010012.
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Kayabas, Yunus Emre. "Testing the EKC Hypothesis in terms of Trade Openness, Industrial and Construction Development: Evidences from Northern European and Latin American Countries." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 5 (September 27, 2022): 319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13442.
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The main research objective is to examine the long-run relationship between trade openness, industrial & construction development, economic growth, energy consumption, and ecological footprint by performing the Westerlund co-integration, FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR tests for Northern European (Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden) and Latin American Countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Uruguay) from 1980 to 2018. Considering the FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR test results of Northern European countries the EKC hypothesis is not confirmed for Finland, Norway and Sweden except Denmark and Netherlands. There is a long-run relationship among industrial & construction development, economic growth, and ecological footprint for both Denmark and Netherlands which verifies the EKC hypothesis from 1980 to 2018. When the remaining countries are examined, the results are opposite. There is no long-run relationship among relevant variables for Finland, Denmark, and Sweden from 1980 to 2018. Besides, there is no effect of industrial & construction development, economic growth, energy consumption, and trade openness on ecological footprint for Finland, Denmark, and Sweden from 1980 to 2018. The EKC hypothesis is not confirmed for Latin American countries as well. Similar results are obtained by using the same variables and other models including FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR for all Latin American countries. The pollution problem in question is of particular concern to developed countries. Because, these countries are forced to use heavy industry, which is far from the nano-technological industry structure and has high environmental degradation. In this context, Denmark should build an artificial island as a precaution against the climate crisis. Another main recommendation is Dutch government should build hydrogen heated homes in order to wage a fight against air pollution.
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Hegerty, Scott William. "Common Cycles and Baltic-Nordic Economic Integration." Economics and Business 31, no. 1 (August 28, 2017): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eb-2017-0019.
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AbstractFor centuries, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania have enjoyed historic and economic ties with their Nordic neighbors in the Baltic Sea region. While the period since 1991 has been one of increased integration with the European Union, trade linkages with Finland and Sweden are particularly strong for Estonia and Latvia, respectively. This study addresses these connections by applying time-series econometric techniques, with the goal of highlighting where regional connections are strongest. Strong Nordic-Baltic linkages, while providing evidence that historical factors are still important, might also suggest that integration with the rest of the EU is relatively weak. Using quarterly data from 1994 to 2014 for Baltic, Nordic, and other partner countries, business cycles are modeled for output, consumption, and investment. Common regional cycles are also extracted via Principal Components Analysis for the three Baltic countries and for the Nordic countries of Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Cross-correlation functions are then generated for various cycle pairs to assess whether any are “synchronized.” One key finding is that the Nordic region has two possible consumption cycles that behave in very different ways, suggesting that this region does not behave as a coherent whole. Norway and Denmark drive one cycle, while Sweden and Finland drive the other. Another key result is that each Baltic country behaves differently from one another. While regional differences are quite large - making it harder to describe this as a single “region” at all - Estonia does show significant connections to Finland, its historic and linguistic neighbor.
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Leruth, Benjamin, Jarle Trondal, and Stefan Gänzle. "Party Positions on Differentiated European Integration in the Nordic Countries: Growing Together, Growing Apart?" Politics and Governance 8, no. 4 (November 3, 2020): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i4.3353.
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The Nordic countries constitute an interesting laboratory for the study of differentiated European Integration. Even though Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden share some historical, cultural, socio-economic and political characteristics, all those countries have ultimately opted for a different kind of relationship with the EU. Whereas Finland, a member of the Eurozone since its inception in 1999, has been considered to be part of the Union’s ‘inner core’ for quite some time, Iceland and Norway, in contrast, have opted to remain outside the EU albeit closely associated via the European Economic Area Agreement. The variation of relationships has also been reflected in Nordic parties’ positioning vis-à-vis European integration in general and differentiation of European integration in particular. Broadly speaking, party families can be distinguished along traditional (e.g., agrarian, Christian democratic, conservative, and social democratic) and modern (e.g., socialist left, green, and populist radical right) ideological orientations. Although political parties belonging to both the traditional and modern Nordic party families have adopted different stances on European differentiated integration, we would assume—against the backdrop of Nordic cooperation—higher levels of transnational cooperation in European matters. Consequently, this article examines the similarities and differences between parties belonging to the same ideological family, and the extent of transnational party cooperation in the Nordic countries. Drawing on a series of interviews conducted with party representatives as well as on official party documents, this article shows that although institutionalized party cooperation mostly reflects divisions between party families, such institutionalization does not include a common vision for European integration. We conclude that the low level of partisan Nordic integration is primarily caused by domestic-level factors, such as intra-party divisions, government participation and public opinion.
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Lønsmann, Dorte. "Language, employability and positioning in a Danish integration programme." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2020, no. 264 (August 27, 2020): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2020-2093.
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AbstractIn many European countries, integration policies focus on getting refugees quickly into the labour market. In order to accomplish this, refugees in Denmark are placed in work internships. Based on fieldwork in an integration programme that combines mandatory Danish language classes with so-called “language internships”, where refugees do work internships for the purpose of learning Danish at work, the present study takes a critical look at discourses and positionings related to refugee access to the Danish labour market. The study finds clear evidence of an employability discourse which emphasises individual responsibility for employment while downplaying structural factors. Paradoxically, the employability discourse positions the refugees on the one hand as unemployable because of their lack of Danish language competence and hence as marginalised and relatively powerless. On the other hand, in this same discourse, they are repeatedly positioned as agents responsible for creating their own opportunities, including employment opportunities, while the language internships are constructed as a means of gaining employment and being able to leave the unemployment system. By investigating acts of positioning by participants in the integration programme and comparing them with discourses on language, work and integration in Denmark, the study concludes that despite intentions about the internships leading to employment and thus empowerment, the language internships lead to decapitalisation and marginalisation for the refugee participants.
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Quezada-Yamamoto, Harumi, Elizabeth Dubois, Nikolaos Mastellos, and Salman Rawaf. "Primary care integration of sexual and reproductive health services for chlamydia testing across WHO-Europe: a systematic review." BMJ Open 9, no. 10 (October 2019): e031644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031644.
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ObjectiveTo identify current uptake of chlamydia testing (UCT) as a sexual and reproductive health service (SRHS) integrated in primary care settings of the WHO European region, with the aim to shape policy and quality of care.DesignSystematic review for studies published from January 2001 to May 2018 in any European language.Data sourcesOVID Medline, EMBASE, Maternal and Infant Care and Global Health.Eligibility criteriaPublished studies, which involved women or men, adolescents or adults, reporting a UCT indicator in a primary care within a WHO European region country. Study designs considered were: randomised control trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental, observational (eg, cohort, case–control, cross-sectional) and mixed-methods studies as well as case reports.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers screened the sources and validated the selection process. The BRIGGS Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies, the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool 2011 and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklists were considered for quality and risk of bias assessment.Results24 studies were finally included, of which 15 were cross-sectional, 4 cohort, 2 RCTs, 2 case–control studies and 1 mixed-methods study. A majority of the evidence cites the UK model, followed by the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway and Belgium only. Acceptability if offered test in primary healthcare (PHC) ranged from 55% to 81.4% in women and from 9.5% to 70.6% when both genders were reported together. Men may have a lower UCT compared with women. When both genders were reported together, the lowest acceptability was 9.5% in the Netherlands. Denmark presented the highest percentage of eligible people who tested in a PHC setting (87.3%).ConclusionsDifferent health systems may influence UCT in PHC. The regional use of a common testing rate indicator is suggested to homogenise reporting. There is very little evidence on integration of SRHS such as chlamydia testing in PHC and there are gaps between European countries.
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Cankar, Stanka Setnikar, and Veronika Petkovsek. "Improving The Slovenian Healthcare System By Examining Other European Healthcare Systems." American Journal of Health Sciences (AJHS) 3, no. 4 (September 21, 2012): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ajhs.v3i4.7315.
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This paper focuses improving the Slovenian healthcare system by comparing it with the systems in place in the UK, Denmark, and France. The aim of the paper is to find and present the solutions required if the healthcare system in Slovenia is to be improved. Changes need to be made to the organisation, management, and financing of the Slovenian healthcare system in response to demographic changes and changes to the age structure of the population, the rapid development of new medical technologies, drugs, treatments, and globalisation. The paper outlines the main features of the Slovenian healthcare system and compares the structure of public and private expenditure and resources with the structures in place in the UK, Denmark, and France. Public and private healthcare providers and public-private partnerships in Slovenian healthcare are also presented and compared. An insight is given at the end of the paper into the current state of the Slovenian healthcare system and the required changes, with solutions proposed for improvements and reform. The proposed solutions include redefinition of an insured person’s status, changes to the insurance basis and rates, a redefinition of the basic basket of healthcare rights, the integration and networking of public healthcare institutions, and the separation of public and private healthcare providers.
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Voronov, K. "Northern Countries and EU: Formula and Configuration of Domestic Security." World Economy and International Relations, no. 6 (2012): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2012-6-23-33.
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The integration efforts of five small Northern Scandinavian countries (Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Iceland) and Finland are analyzed in the article. Being a component part of the Big Europe, recently they all of a sudden faced many problems similar to some destructive European processes – disfunction of a social and economic model, negative demographic, raise of political Islam, activation of non-state actors, etc. Despite their modest size and limited resources, these countries also have an impact on common regional macro-trends and the EU transformation in whole.
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Diamond, Colm. "The effects of Environmental Policy Integration on wind energy policy- a comparative case study of Ireland and Denmark." Volume 1 Issue 1 (2009) 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 82–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/ijpp.1.1.6.
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Ireland is experiencing both European and economic pressures to exploit its wind potential. This blend of need and opportunity necessitate a look at the various policy approaches that can help achieve the Government’s aim. Integration is regarded as a useful method to increase both efficiency and service. While, the principle of environmental policy integration (EPI) is borne from this literature, it differs in its primary goals. This article attempts to look at this broadly based concept on a micro level by analysing its impact when applied to a specific technology. It concludes that an increase in the degree of EPI has a positive effect on wind energy policy as measured by installed capacity.
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MOURITZEN, HANS. "The Two Musterknaben and the Naughty Boy: Sweden, Finland and Denmark in the Process of European Integration." Cooperation and Conflict 28, no. 4 (December 1993): 373–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836793028004003.
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Ganty, Sarah. "Silence Is Not (Always) Golden: A Criticism of the ECJ’s Approach towards Integration Conditions for Family Reunification." European Journal of Migration and Law 23, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 176–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718166-12340099.
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Abstract Over the past 20 years, integration duties imposed on third-country nationals have spread and become more rigid in EU Member States. They increasingly restrict the conditions for obtaining residence permits as well as the benefit of social rights. These integration conditions take on singular forms and raise particular issues in relation to the Association Agreement concluded between the European Union and Turkey, in particular with regard to so-called ‘standstill clauses’. The present article begins from the A v. Udlændinge-og Integrationsministeriet case and criticises the Court’s silence about the elephant in the room on the issue of integration conditions towards third-country nationals: racial and/or ethnic discrimination. The case is about an integration condition imposed by the Danish Government as a prerequisite for a ‘family reunion’ residence permit for the spouse of a Turkish worker: the spouses must prove that they have a stronger link with Denmark than with Turkey. The solution adopted by the Court of Justice in striking down this integration condition is not surprising. However, its reasoning suggests more tolerance – or even laxity – about the way the concept of integration is used by the Member States. This situation is problematic insofar as these integration conditions, the very principle of which is questionable per se, conceal increasingly discriminatory and exclusionary measures which the Court is reluctant to denounce, as opposed to the European Court of Human Rights.
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Dewachter, Wilfried. "De Europese eenmaking in de Vlaamse publieke opinie : onbekendheid, onverschilligheid, gelatenheid of machteloosheid." Res Publica 45, no. 2-3 (September 30, 2003): 481–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v45i2-3.18487.
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Unlike France, Denmark, Sweden, Austria and other E.U. countries Belgium has not yet organised a referendum on European policy matters, however important these may be. So one is constrained to opinion polls and survey data to grasp the attitude of the Flemish community towards European integration. Five important policy matters are examined: the introduction of the euro, the involvement in E.U. countries, the enlargement of the E.U. , the institutional design and the position ofthe Flemish community in the E.U. At the end, with about 20 % of the electorale trying to follow the intricate European polities, on the whole public opinion on Europe in Flanders seem to be a mixture of unfamiliarity, indifference, resignation and acceptance of the policy advocated by the elitist consensus in Belgium on these matters. The missing impetus is the incentives provided by a referendum to become concerned with the complex policy-making and policies in Europe.
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Müller, Torsten, Jon Erik Dølvik, Christian Ibsen, and Thorsten Schulten. "The manufacturing sector: Still an anchor for pattern bargaining within and across countries?" European Journal of Industrial Relations 24, no. 4 (August 19, 2018): 357–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959680118790817.
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This article investigates the development of collective wage bargaining systems in manufacturing in five countries: Denmark, Finland, Germany, Norway and Sweden. We illustrate the responses of collective actors to two key challenges: first, increased cross-country competition between Northern European companies operating within the same high-value/high-cost segment of the market; second, the competitive pressures resulting from increased east-north integration. Our analytical framework sets out different forms and outcomes of institutional change, with a focus on how the responses of collective actors to these two challenges shaped the development of wage bargaining systems.
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Gattermann, Katjana. "Mediated Personalization of Executive European Union Politics: Examining Patterns in the Broadsheet Coverage of the European Commission, 1992–2016." International Journal of Press/Politics 23, no. 3 (June 5, 2018): 345–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940161218779231.
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The personalization of politics is a popular thesis but often challenged when it comes to media personalization. While previous research compared the prominence of different types of political actors across national political contexts, this article situates its research in the context of European Union (EU) politics and, thereby, studies similar reference points across countries. Its focus lies on the European Commission and its members. Personalization is conceptualized as individualization and presidentialization, respectively. The article proposes that the EU integration process provides journalists with the opportunity to report more often about individual politicians, while political developments should further incentivize journalists to personalize their news from Brussels. To test this argument, the article investigates personalization patterns in seven broadsheets from Ireland, Britain, France, the Netherlands, Denmark, Italy, and Poland. In total, 119,070 articles are analyzed by automated content analysis over a period of twenty-five years. The article finds no pan-European trend toward greater personalization of politics with respect to news coverage of EU executive politics. The findings nonetheless provide important implications for future research. The article particularly discusses the universal applicability of the phenomenon, the time frame for analysis, and journalistic styles in covering European politics.
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Olsen, Céline Brassart. "When mandatory exercise at work meets employees’ rights to privacy and non-discrimination: a comparative and European perspective." European Labour Law Journal 12, no. 3 (February 19, 2021): 338–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2031952521994302.
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In 2017, the municipality of Copenhagen made exercise mandatory for social workers performing physical tasks, such as lifting patients, cooking and cleaning. Private Danish companies have also started to impose exercise on their employees, including sedentary employees. Rationale behind mandatory exercise in the workplace is that it makes employees healthier and more productive, which is a win-win for employees and employers. However, mandatory exercise can put employees in a vulnerable position as employers potentially interfere with some of the fundamental rights of employees, namely their bodily autonomy and privacy. In addition, the increased emphasis on exercise at work and being ‘physically fit’ can indirectly lead to unlawful discrimination practices in recruitment, during employment, and at termination, as employers may exclude or sanction people who are not be able, or do not want, to exercise on various grounds, ranging from age, disability, pregnancy, religion, to health conditions. Therefore, this article examines the lawfulness of mandatory exercise at work in light of the fundamental rights of employees in two selected jurisdictions (Denmark and France), as well as under relevant European Union (EU) law, and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and related case law. Using a comparative and European perspective, the article examines the legality of mandatory exercise at work in the selected jurisdictions. It analyses and compares the level of protection of employees’ rights to privacy, autonomy and non-discrimination in France and Denmark. It also assesses whether mandatory exercise could qualify as an occupational health and safety measure in the selected jurisdictions. The article examines these questions in light of the increasing recognition and integration of fundamental rights in labour law at European, EU, and national levels. The article finds that the French and Danish labour laws offer different levels of protection of employees’ rights to autonomy, privacy and the right to non-discrimination. As a result, mandatory exercise would likely be deemed to be legal in Denmark, and illegal in France. However, the legality of mandatory exercise under Danish law could be challenged in light of the strong protection of employees’ fundamental rights at EU and European levels. The article concludes that rather than an obligation, exercise should be framed as a right for employees.
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Nevers, Jeppe, and Jesper Lundsby Skov. "The folk’ish heritage in Nordic democracy: Examples from Denmark and Norway." Journal of Modern European History 17, no. 4 (October 11, 2019): 432–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1611894419880457.
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Drawing on examples from Danish and Norwegian history, this article traces the ideological origins of Nordic democracy. It takes as its starting point the observation that constitutional theories of democracy were rather weak in the Nordic countries until the mid-twentieth century; instead, a certain Nordic tradition of popular constitutionalism rooted in a romantic and organic idea of the people was central to the ideological foundations of Nordic democracy. This tradition developed alongside agrarian mobilization in the nineteenth century, and it remained a powerful ideological reference-point through most of the twentieth century, exercising, for instance, an influence on debates about European integration in the 1960s and 1970s. However, this tradition was gradually overlaid by more institutional understandings of democracy from the mid-twentieth century onwards, with the consequence that the direct importance of this folk’ish heritage declined towards the late twentieth century. Nevertheless, clear echoes of this heritage remain evident in some contemporary Nordic varieties of populism, as well as in references to the concept of folkestyre as the pan-Scandinavian synonym for democracy.
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Syranidou, Chloi, Jochen Linssen, Detlef Stolten, and Martin Robinius. "Integration of Large-Scale Variable Renewable Energy Sources into the Future European Power System: On the Curtailment Challenge." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 20, 2020): 5490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205490.
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The future European power system is projected to rely heavily on variable renewable energy sources (VRES), primarily wind and solar generation. However, the difficulties inherent to storing the primary energy of these sources is expected to pose significant challenges in terms of their integration into the system. To account for the high variability of renewable energy sources VRES, a novel pan-European dispatch model with high spatio-temporal resolution including load shifting is introduced here, providing highly detailed information regarding renewable energy curtailments for all Europe, typically underestimated in studies of future systems. which also includes modeling of load shifting. The model consists of four separate levels with different approaches for modeling thermal generation flexibility, storage units and demand as well as with spatial resolutions and generation dispatch formulations. Applying the developed model for the future European power system follows the results of corresponding transmission expansion planning studies, which are translated into the desired high spatial resolution. The analysis of the “large scale-RES” scenario for 2050 shows considerable congestion between northern and central Europe, which constitutes the primary cause of VRES curtailments of renewables. In addition, load shifting is shown to mostly improve the integration of solar energy into the system and not wind, which constitutes the dominant energy source for this scenario. Finally, the analysis of the curtailments time series using ideal converters shows that the best locations for their exploitation can be found in western Ireland and western Denmark.
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Socci, Marco, David Clarke, and Andrea Principi. "Active Aging: Social Entrepreneuring in Local Communities of Five European Countries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 2440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072440.
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Building on the active aging framework, the aim of this study, carried out between 2016 and 2018, is to analyze concrete experiences of older individuals acting as key players of social change in six local communities of five European countries (Bulgaria, Denmark, England, France, Spain). The 19 seniors involved in the study, according to social contexts, individual past experiences, knowledge, and motivations, acted as senior social entrepreneurs, trying to build a pathway towards social solutions for unmet social problems they detected in local communities. Data were collected via templates and questionnaires and analyzed using the thematic analysis. The results highlighted that the 16 local initiatives created by seniors concerned social problems such as food waste, social isolation, multicultural integration, etc. The social solutions implemented by seniors seemed to have the potential to produce social value and, to different degrees, encouraging results and impact. Since this “social experiment” provided evidence that senior social entrepreneuring could be a driver to solve societal problems, policy makers should sustain the spread of both social entrepreneurial mindset and practices at the European level, for catalyzing the active potential of older people for the benefit of European local communities.
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Hassel, Anke, Jette Steen Knudsen, and Bettina Wagner. "Winning the battle or losing the war: the impact of European integration on labour market institutions in Germany and Denmark." Journal of European Public Policy 23, no. 8 (July 6, 2016): 1218–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2016.1186209.
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Şchiopu, Ruxandra. "Business Digitization in the European Union." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 14, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 385–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2020-0037.
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AbstractDigitalization nowadays can stretch in all aspects of the functioning of a business. Therefore, given the available technologies, the speed at which businesses merge with the digital world dictates the comparative advantage a like company can harness over its competition. However, integrating digital means into businesses can come at a considerable cost. Moreover, this creates a dichotomy between digitalizing an already existing and thriving company functioning on traditional channels and the creation of new fully digitalized enterprises. This paper aims at revealing the relevancy of digitalization in the business world by evaluating the cost efficiency of going digital or starting digital across economic sectors for enterprises in the European Union from 2017 onwards.The argument of designing a business from scratch in an automated and smart digitalized style is much more comprehensive in a connected globalized world. The intricacies stretch far beyond the pure digital and business areal since most transactions happen internationally. The borderless approach creates a demand for all aspects of a business to work cohesively. Therefore, business operations such as accounting, legal actions, storage, delivery, and marketing must be corroborated with business operations as they are conducted in an increasingly digitalized manner. Through analyzing secondary data, statistics and case studies about the level of business digitalization across sectors in the European Union, this paper targets to reveal witch are the fast evolving sectors in terms of digitalization for businesses and the most effective way in which digitalization creates increased value for business. The countries of the European Union experience different levels of digital technology integration, it peaks in Denmark while, Romania, Bulgaria and Poland are situated at the other end of the spectrum. Manufacturing is the sector with the least amount of digital updates across the sample while communications, computer programing, travel agencies, and accommodation services surge in the digital arena. There is a direct correlation between the size of the company and its propensity to exploit opportunities in digital transformation. However there is a new aspect of the speed at which small mainly digital companies acquire acumen and therefore profit. This paper synthesis the fastest growing digitalized sectors in the European Union and highlights opportunities for old and new businesses.
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Goodman, Sara Wallace. "Fortifying Citizenship: Policy Strategies for Civic Integration in Western Europe." World Politics 64, no. 4 (October 2012): 659–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887112000184.
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Why have European states introduced mandatory integration requirements for citizenship and permanent residence? There are many studies comparing integration policy and examining the significance of what has been interpreted as a convergent and restrictive “civic turn,” a “retreat from multiculturalism,” and an “inevitable lightening of citizenship.” None of these studies, however, has puzzled over the empirical diversity of integration policy design or presented systematic, comparative explanations for policy variation. This article is the first to develop an argument for what, in fact, amounts to a wealth of variation in civic integration policy (including scope, sequencing, and difficulty). Using a historical institutionalist approach, the author argues that states use mandatory integration to address different membership problems, which are shaped by both existing citizenship policy (whether it is inclusive or exclusive) and political pressure to change it (in other words, the politics of citizenship). She illustrates this argument by focusing on three case studies, applying the argument to a case of unchallenged restrictive retrenchment and continuity (Denmark), to a case of negotiated and thus moderated restriction (Germany), and to a case that recently exhibited both liberal continuity (the United Kingdom, 2001–6) and failed attempts at new restriction (the United Kingdom, 2006–10). These cases show that although states may converge around similar mandatory integration instruments, they may apply them for distinctly different reasons. As a result, new requirements augment rather than alter the major contours of national citizenship policy and the membership association it maintains.
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Humboldt-Dachroeden, Fischer-Bonde, and Gulis. "Analysis of Health in Environmental Assessments—A Literature Review and Survey with a Focus on Denmark." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (November 18, 2019): 4570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224570.
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In the European Union, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Directive (2014/52/EU) and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Directive (2011/92/EU) emphasise the assessment of population and human health. The directives require health to be considered within Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). To date, health is mainly considered in connection with negative environmental factors and in terms of risk assessments. The integration of health in EIA as well as SEA has not been investigated in a Danish context, and this study aims to address the missing knowledge. There is a need for a more comprehensive health assessment within EIA and SEA to comply with the EIA and SEA directives. An integration of health into EIA and SEA will ensure a sound examination of health determinants which can improve decision making and thus comprehensively promote and protect health. To establish the status of the inclusion of the assessment of impacts on health into EIA and SEA, a literature review was performed. In addition, a survey addressed to researchers and practitioners was conducted and analysed through a comparative analysis. The survey examined the needs of practitioners and researchers, focusing on the Danish context, regarding the inclusion of health into EIA and SEA. Enhanced intersectoral cooperation of the health and environmental sectors, more specific guidance documents, and underlying this, stronger political support, were identified among needs for more comprehensive health assessments.
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BREITBART, WILLIAM. "Psycho-oncology and palliative care: Opportunity for integration." Palliative and Supportive Care 2, no. 2 (June 2004): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951504040167.
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Palliative and Supportive Care is an international journal that was begun specifically with the intent of promoting the development and integration of psychiatric, psychosocial, and existential aspects of clinical care into the modern practice of palliative medicine. We hoped to achieve this goal by providing a resource to clinicians and an outlet for clinical researchers interested in the unique interface of palliative care and psychosocial/existential issues in those with life-threatening medical conditions. It is therefore very encouraging to see a growing interest in this particular interface of palliative medicine and psychosocial/existential care. I reported to our readers, in the last issue of Palliative and Supportive Care (PS&C), of the great interest in psychosocial and existential issues in the palliative care community as represented by the June 2004 Research Congress of the European Palliative Care Association held in Stresa, Italy. I have just returned from the 7th World Congress of Psycho-Oncology, sponsored by the International Psycho-Oncology Society (IPOS), held on August 24–27, 2004, in Copenhagen, Denmark. Again, what I bring back to the readers of PS&C is a message of encouragement and a sense that the time has come for our interests and work to take on a more central role in the fields of both palliative care and psycho-oncology (the psychosocial aspects of care of cancer patients). The World Congress of Psycho-oncology featured psychiatric, psychosocial, and existential aspects of palliative care in cancer patients as a prominent part of the program.
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Grigoreva, Oksana V., and Nikita O. Plyusnin. "The danish parliament as an actor of Denmark’s foreign policy towards the EU and Russia: a comparative analysis, 2005—2019." Baltic Region 12, no. 1 (2020): 68–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2020-1-5.
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The growing number of participants in foreign policy decision-making calls for a study of the forces affecting the behaviour of states in the international arena. In contemporary states, parliaments are increasingly challenging the exclusive prerogatives of executive power in foreign and defence policy. Many experts stress that the powers of the Danish Parliament in these fields are among the most considerable in the world. The question is, however, whether these powers are exercised in the same manner towards different states and regions. This article aims to find out how the Danish Parliament contributes to the country’s foreign policy towards the EU and Russia. The concentric circles model is employed to assess the level of the Danish Parliament’s participation in the foreign policy of the Kingdom of Denmark in different regions of the world. The study conducts a comparative analysis of the evidence of the Parliament’s influence on Denmark’s relations with the EU, the EFTA, and Russia. The findings lead one to conclude that the Danish Parliament’s participation in the country’s foreign policy towards EU bodies is highly institutionalised and coherent, which can be explained by close integration of Danish political elites into European ones as well as by European processes being clear and predictable for Danish parliamentarians. The participation of the Parliament in Danish—Russian relations is less systematic and structured since the Danish Parliament sometimes lacks diplomatic experience and resources to influence more complex and ambiguous relations with the Russian Federation.
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Horbal, Nataliya, Uliana Kohut, and Uliana Motorniuk. "Analysis of the competitiveness of the EU and its member countries." Management and Entrepreneurship in Ukraine: the stages of formation and problems of development 2021, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/smeu2021.01.193.
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With the convergence of national markets of individual countries and the revival of globalization processes, international competition is growing not only among producers of goods and services, but also among regions and countries. There are a significant number of approaches to the analysis and improvement of countries’ competitiveness. Given Ukraine’s European integration pass, we consider the EU countries to be a key benchmark for its development. The EU, as a union of democratic European countries working together for peace and prosperity, must support a high competitiveness for both the Union as a whole and its member states in the face of increasing global competition. European integration has a significant positive impact on the development and competitiveness of the EU. However, in recent decades, it has deteriorated somewhat compared to global leaders due to dynamic changes in the international environment. As shown, EU countries (primarily the Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark, Finland) occupy high positions in international rankings (Global Competitiveness Indexes of the WEF and IMD, Legatum Prosperity Index, ERT Benchmarking Report, Business Europe Reform Barometer), and especially sustainable development (SDSN Sustainable Development Index) etc. However, in a number of key areas, many EU countries and the Union generally lag behind world leaders. Today’s open and export-oriented European economy suffers from weak demand for investment and consumer goods, slow development of innovative and digital businesses etc. Instead, the EU is a global leader in achieving the goals of sustainable development. Experts primarily recommend strengthening the EU’s single market and supporting new technologies, while all European countries should increase productivity, which requires greater investment in critical infrastructure, innovative technologies, skills development and labor market efficiency. Оn the other hand, European companies should constantly take into account the global situation and dynamics and modernize their competition policy accordingly. Ukraine’s adoption of the best European experience of raising the competitiveness, taking into account the obtained conclusions, may be the subject of further research.
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Fjær, Svanaug. "Article." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 15, no. 5-6 (October 1998): 262–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072598015005-604.
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Svanaug Fjær: The European Union and Drug Policy. Integration through control and production of knowledge In this article the influence of EU initiatives on national drug policies is discussed with special attention paid to the separation between control and prevention in drug policy. At national levels, policy administration is separated between the ministries responsible for treatment and prevention and the ministries responsible for control and punishment. This separation is parallel to the division established by the pillar structure of the Treaty of the European Union. A study of the Europeanization processes at the central administration level in Sweden, Denmark and the Netherlands showed that the growth in co-operative activity in the EU has been largest in the Ministries of Justice, while, due to establishment of focal points in the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), the growth in the health sector has happened in administrative bodies outside of the ministries. The networks which are developed and the means available are different in the justice and health sectors. In the third pillar (justice), practical and technical cooperation have developed in the form of EUROPOL and the Early Warning System on Synthetic Drugs. Sharing of information and the development of a common knowledge-base seems to be the basis of first-pillar (health) cooperation. In the three countries studied the Ministries of Health, which traditionally have had a central position at the national level, seem to have been allotted a less important role in the international co-operation. It is, however, argued that the impact of co-operation in the EM-CDDA should not be underestimated. Both common control and the development of a European base of knowledge contribute to the integration process in the drug field, but the premises for the process are set by the demand for control.
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Білявець, Сергій. "PECULIARITIES OF POLICE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING IN THE EUROPEAN UNION (END OF THE XX - BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY." Збірник наукових праць Національної академії Державної прикордонної служби України. Серія: педагогічні науки 24, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32453/pedzbirnyk.v24i1.627.
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The article presents the results of the analysis of regulatory and scientific sources, which reveal the features of police training for EU countries at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries. It was found that the integration of European states in the second half of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century contributed to the fact that the system of police training was changing in accordance with the changes in the political and socio-economic situation in individual EU countries and in the Community as a whole. The police training system itself is part of the integration processes within the framework of the integration of the EU law enforcement and police systems. Features such as the practical orientation of training, its continuous nature, and its close relationship to practice are characteristic of all police training institutions in EU countries. At the same time, EU countries are ambivalent about the innovations proposed by the 1999 Bologna Convention.
States with established educational systems (Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden, and the United Kingdom) are more conservative and less inclined to abandon their own educational standards, unlike Eastern European states that pursue radical reform policies, including reforms in police training. In police education programs, a significant number of hours are devoted to the development of skills and abilities to work with scientific and technological means, which are extremely widely used in police work in foreign countries. It was also found that police officers are thoroughly and comprehensively prepared for close interaction of national services, both through Interpol and directly with each other. At conferences, symposiums, seminars, exchanges of experience and delegations, increased attention is certainly given to police training.
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Schulze, Birgit, Achim Spiller, and Ludwig Theuvsen. "A broader view on vertical coordination: lessons from German pork production." Journal on Chain and Network Science 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2007): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2007.x076.
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In the literature it is often hypothesised that contracts and vertical integration are of paramount importance for the future competitiveness of meat supply chains. The continued coexistence of two different types of pork production chains throughout the world - less integrated systems in, for instance, many Western European countries and stricter coordinated systems based on contracts and vertical integration in countries such as the U.S.A. and Denmark - is rarely discussed in the agribusines literature. Some authors expect a trend towards more intense vertical coordination and consider the loose relationships in some European markets as an obsolescent model. Based on an overview of theoretical approaches towards the organisation of meat supply chains, we confront the contract and integration hypothesis with current developments at the slaughterhouse level and in quality assurance systems as well as results from a recent survey among German pig producers concerning their attitudes towards contracts. A binary logit regression is carried out to test for the determinants of contracting decisions. Cluster analysis reveals four groups of farmers with very different attitudes, from inveterate antagonists to contract supporters. In conclusion, reflections on TCE indicate the long-term viability of slaughter pig markets with a low degree of vertical coordination, which may have efficiency advantages over more integrated meat supply chains. This argument is supported by the results of a large-scale survey among German pig producers, who strongly reject the notion of engaging in contracts with slaughterhouses. In this situation, trust management can be considered a suitable instrument for gaining some of the advantages usually attributed to contracts. Trust-building instruments should be integrated into a broader approach of supplier relationship management.
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Nottelmann, Lise, Mogens Groenvold, Tove Bahn Vejlgaard, Morten Aagaard Petersen, and Lars Henrik Jensen. "Early, integrated palliative rehabilitation improves quality of life of patients with newly diagnosed advanced cancer: The Pal-Rehab randomized controlled trial." Palliative Medicine 35, no. 7 (May 17, 2021): 1344–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02692163211015574.
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Background: Early integration of palliative care into oncology treatment is widely recommended. Palliative rehabilitation has been suggested as a paradigm which integrates enablement, self-management, and self-care into the holistic model of palliative care. Aim: We hypothesized that early integration of palliative rehabilitation could improve quality of life. Design: The Pal-Rehab study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02332317) was a randomized controlled trial. The 12-week intervention offered by a specialized palliative care team was two mandatory consultations and the opportunity of participating in an interdisciplinary group program. Supplementary individual consultations were offered, if needed. Setting/participants: At Vejle University Hospital, Denmark, adults diagnosed with advanced cancer within the last 8 weeks were randomized 1:1 to standard oncology care or standard care plus intervention. Assessments at baseline and after six and 12 weeks were based on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30). At baseline participants were asked to choose a “primary problem” from a list of QLQ-C30 domains. The primary endpoint was the change in that “primary problem” measured as area under the curve across 12 weeks ( T-scores, European mean value = 50, SD = 10). Results: In all, 288 were randomized of whom 279 were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis (146 in the standard care group and 133 in the intervention group). The between-group difference for the primary outcome was 3.0 (95% CI [0.0–6.0]; p = 0.047) favoring the intervention. Conclusion: Early integration of palliative rehabilitation into standard oncology treatment improved quality of life for newly diagnosed advanced cancer patients. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02332317, registered on December 30, 2014.
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Griffiths, Richard. "THE LESSONS FROM THE EURO EXPERIENCE." AUSTRAL: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations 1, no. 2 (September 11, 2012): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2238-6912.30517.
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Twenty years ago, amid a great fanfare of enthusiasm, the Treaty of Maastricht created the European union and inaugurated the process for creating a single European currency for most of the then members (except the UK and Sweden, and later Denmark, that were given a temporary exemption) and all future members. Twenty years later, the anniversary of the treaty passed almost unnoticed (European Policy Centre, 2012). On that day, however, the impact of the treaty was never far from the headlines, as had also been the case for almost every day over the previous months. The Lehman brothers bankruptcy in September 2008 not only triggered a financial crisis that threatened to engulf the world, but it set in motion a series of shocks that have since reverberated through the Euro-area. It is fair to say that the crisis-management has not been an example of stream-lined efficiency, and there are lessons to be learned from that experience.However, the development of the Euro, and the crisis that has subsequently engulfed it, holds lessons in another direction. The European Union has long been held as a model, or an inspiration, for other experiments in regional cooperation and integration, including Mercosul, ASEAN and SADC. The model embodied an sequence of steps leading to ‘ever closer union’ that moved from a free trade area through a customs union and a single market and culminated in economic and monetary union. With the signing and implementation of the Treaty of Maastricht, the European Union had embarked on the penultimate step in this progression. But only half of it – a monetary union without a fiscal union. The Euro-crisis has now called that achievement into question and, in the process, undermined the authority of those espousing a European route towards closer integration, both for themselves as well as for other nations. As a convinced federalist, myself, I would not recommend abandoning the European example altogether, but if there is a lesson to be learned from this sorry episode, it is this: “if you are going to do it, do not do it this way”.This article examines the European experience with economic and monetary union from three perspectives – the design, the implementation and the management of the euro – before exploring the implications of the current crisis.
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Calvo, Esteban, Christine Mair, Katherine Ornstein, Rosario Donoso, and José Medina. "Kinlessness, Loneliness, and End of Life: A Cross-National Comparison of 20 Countries." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2039.
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Abstract Countries across the globe are experiencing declining rates of fertility and marriage, which present a distinct challenge for older adults’ social integration, well-being, and end-of-life care. However, older adults who are “alone” (e.g., no partner, no child) may not be lonely, and end-of-life risks faced by “kinless” older adults likely vary significantly by country context. Using harmonized, cross-national data from 20 countries (United States (HRS), England (ELSA), and European Union (SHARE)), we examine associations between family structure, loneliness, and end-of-life outcomes. Although “kinless” family structures are associated with greater loneliness in the pooled sample, the percent of “kinless” who report no signs of loneliness ranges from 7% (Greece) to 56% (Denmark). Family structure is associated with various end-of-life outcomes, and these associations vary by country—likely reflecting differences in healthcare structure. We discuss distinctions between “being alone,” “being lonely,” and “being without care” in light of cross-national variation.
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Mendes, Rita I. L., Luís Gomes, and Patrícia Ramos. "Financial Contagion from the Subprime Crisis: A Copula Approach." Scientific Annals of Economics and Business 69, no. 4 (December 19, 2022): 501–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2022-0031.
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The magnitude of the subprime crisis effects caused recessions in several economies, giving rise to the global financial crisis. The scale of this major shock and the different recovery profiles of European economies motivated this paper. The main objective is to look for evidence of contagion between the North American financial market (S&P500) and the financial markets of Portugal (PSI20), Spain (IBEX35), Greece (ATHEX) and Italy (FTSEMIB), in the South of Europe, and the financial markets of Sweden (OMXS30), Denmark (OMX2C0), Finland (OMXH25) and Norway (OsloOBX), in the North of Europe. Considering the period from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2013, the ARMA-GARCH models were estimated to remove the autoregressive and conditional heteroscedastic effects from the time series of the daily returns. Then, the copula models were used to estimate the dependence relationships between the European stock indexes and the North American stock index, from the pre-crisis subperiod to the crisis subperiod. The results indicate financial contagion of the subprime crisis for all analyzed European countries. The North European markets intensified the relations of financial integration (both in negative and positive shocks) with the North American market, apart from the Danish against the Portuguese. In addition to the contribution made by the joint application of the ARMA-GARCH models, the findings are useful to identify channels of financial contagion between markets and to warn about the effects of possible new crisis, which will require different levels of adaptation by the companies’ financial managers and intervention by the authorities.
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Boezeman, Daan, Mark Wiering, and Ann Crabbé. "Agricultural Diffuse Pollution and the EU Water Framework Directive: Problems and Progress in Governance." Water 12, no. 9 (September 16, 2020): 2590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092590.
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Progress has been made on improving Europe’s water quality. Nevertheless, there is much scepticism as to whether the goals of the European Water Framework Directive will be realised by 2027. Addressing diffuse agricultural sources of pollution remains a persistent problem. The Special Issue “Water Quality and Agricultural Diffuse Pollution in Light of the EU Water Framework Directive” aims to advance the understanding of the different governance arrangements European Member States developed to address this problem. The contributions in this Special Issue focus on governance arrangements in Denmark, England, Flanders/Belgium, Germany, Ireland, Poland, The Netherlands, Norway and Scotland. The contributions address three themes. First, the contributions signal serious concerns with policy integration across policy domains. Second, it appears to be tough to prioritise source-based measures over effect-based measures of all sorts despite the principles embedded in the Directive. Third, scientific knowledge is an important ally for water interests, yet politicisation in power struggles looms. The contributions in the Special Issue offer reflections on the open, participatory, experimentalist governance that the WFD exemplifies. While most authors agree that this path is attractive and appropriate in some respects, questions can be raised as to whether it also avoids confrontations and hampers the effectiveness of policies.